CA2659888A1 - Medical devices including shape memory materials - Google Patents

Medical devices including shape memory materials Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CA2659888A1
CA2659888A1 CA002659888A CA2659888A CA2659888A1 CA 2659888 A1 CA2659888 A1 CA 2659888A1 CA 002659888 A CA002659888 A CA 002659888A CA 2659888 A CA2659888 A CA 2659888A CA 2659888 A1 CA2659888 A1 CA 2659888A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
shape memory
memory polymer
catheter
conductive material
shape
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002659888A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Tracee Eidenschink
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boston Scientific Ltd Barbados
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2659888A1 publication Critical patent/CA2659888A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
    • A61M25/1006—Balloons formed between concentric tubes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
    • A61L29/04—Macromolecular materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
    • A61L29/08—Materials for coatings
    • A61L29/085—Macromolecular materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
    • A61L29/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. lubricating compositions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/88—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
    • B29C70/882—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00831—Material properties
    • A61B2017/00867—Material properties shape memory effect
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
    • A61F2/013—Distal protection devices, i.e. devices placed distally in combination with another endovascular procedure, e.g. angioplasty or stenting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L2400/16—Materials with shape-memory or superelastic properties
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/09—Guide wires
    • A61M2025/09125—Device for locking a guide wire in a fixed position with respect to the catheter or the human body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/02—General characteristics of the apparatus characterised by a particular materials
    • A61M2205/0266—Shape memory materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/0043—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
    • A61M25/0054—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features with regions for increasing flexibility

Abstract

Medical devices, such as catheters, including shape memory materials, are provided, as well as related methods of making and using such medical devices.

Description

MEDICAL DEV.tCES INCLL`DI.:~~~ SH:~PE MEMORY
MXF.ERIALS

3.,,'RO>_4,S R.5{,FE.RENCE'k'0 RER.,NIE.O AP1R1aICA.'F.8ON*g : 3.:s i?pp.i.='clk.E},I 6. ..T..s pd3Yhy tC.> App:iÃcLltC3#.? SoF #::`s.i Nx?, ? tr.s (S.E ~
,>.t.a; Ap.., t . 2 006, d ic t.1..:i'ir f'i`,i'#Ãe1its of 1.:11<,h 1a he:.eb4 :.Flwor};uE't:#ed .1y ':_ 'i.i 3.'i':=;... :.~.<.:.: a 'rC`. CHNY CAL 1<I :L:.!_,.D

Ti,.a<: `i,.~ mdx}?'? relates to %n.:d#.s,:t3l devices, stÃi:h aN
cil¾zhL'.iei's, #n4ii.:C ,I#g shape BACKÃ.rRO UND

a.z<2S FSG~. L x?I~i i3=3~ t;ev..C=s ti3.F+.1 a5a tlDt'MEF'I?ple. `,Li#.&~ w .c4, yat!"E<tL#s, ,d',i>
?. E.1i;:,s. ?~~L?~~ z~: ;?5_.Q :1#S t[? pe I`li)~~!.F i'a F31.L`,diE.al prliL4ih#F"e, fi.]cis :? a#`.E:: tys.<?5t' E3, sF:3i s..`? 1,5S '.3 Aci?t. I."i :,t?;?~i? 4i.is.5, a device is a.?;?<.fti:d into a pi..Jfs.,?Oe _.t '-'i c~omvL`e:}#mt ti:i' and ','mbseZ~~~~,:SG~~I~~y:` (iv~.1~=~~I'~C?o:~~
pu., ~l14 i~a"3S.ii:~~2 _ fq:i Gv,i'+1,.. 1j`'~ r ...yti~...~j.;y { i.Z.T \ t't3 a~#d!lv.... }ylf. p~.r P4 f-l.. [~z 2~#~ ]~ i! ~ .4,~.= ? )t~<ai#t. ., Y\.= ~ ~-i.i~~.\s !~~l ?.ti o~1 ~~ S.:'3Y~..
:.4>..4 i t.4.: 1 a ~[12 ~Y~v.~ 5_:\. `$.=.

s)4 ,o. ti:# o S-"t. ui.~, ~ '~ `, bc i~v = i~ c3.teb%y ~.=~}a v 4~~Fl~'.lf~.ws. for t..:~%~.i#?~~ 'q ~..'. e the .':#,~\i..~':>ti.

rt._:3#,. ti:ai'S .1,3,4~'.:3?.~ ~'= it 1ti des.E<'1bl<' fi3F'~ yl?C
w4ti`fc#.. .zy h<].'v. :<:..'kFi o .i' fw .#.F ,#.s,' so L..F.-.it it C..mn # L, ":i.:l along the ti:1Fl?.lo?.:s pzld?..
At Rw Sm?FC. 6Ãzw, i3?<'`. WL:~.'.
`~
$ ^ `.x ~~ ~`5'~'~ x ' ~~r x 't.w`
s:0 t~lE .i. _;=~ E.a8.zz~ good ~17.. Fzz J E;~{ so that >v)~~~~
r3~~~x'r.1:'f~ ~,i'~: Y>FTsii~',. t..} ~.t7.e a..S G=: t a.F
Ic 3=;'+i:? i Z~ ti~ `taF ''.Ty to t~: i?L~ `?.iti t SUMMARY
i:e4 i+Nes ate p#'t?vid5;d$.hF3t ba.'i, x3ito or ?'i?..>o+,i<s:..~:a.d~?<:I?..~,?.:3i~T"S ri;ib:~i~:~,:
I'l1C?~:~`l..i.~7c#:::~,F.?.e~,F'.r ~.)L~Ei;.~3.- .Fs:E:g?~...~.:.lti:?
2:1 ..Z k. on poF`tionS F'3?..\.c,. The 1?i?R't?t'1nti FA~~sh%1pe me?ni3ry ;`olt''fi1C;T' tffii:, ;?.c:'+..:: a ...o#,d[3L.rt : . dae3 wL7c: ~,...1 i)'~w at,.E'#SJi;tit=d by i.I,E.r~;izÃ.?w `L;.tF kFpply1?.:'fp"' ~ Fv..?3 c~: ~?
3.,?imna t. .`Z..=aS tt?2 SSeo condI.LVtvV la;rt.=A.aLi}i=h#LcJi point \J`l*+sti.= ,~1.}rk..ot?s s x :>,..>~<:; ;.,., i.,:;?.,..'.l3:Ã~;'., tr. ~.}1L S~~#F?~>.i.= t1?4~I'~=~t]TV' ~;?i):47nt;:1. is Ã..naa'.tEs= r i.eia and 1 , . .:c ;:#ib .#~ .' >i. ha 3t s #veE*y'' GL a# '<#~e portions {.?f fin~
h'%ps' I'1wE:#oi'Z p1#yi n f s :.
:?t 1.tt.LCj ;z ,, t#.".IIT> }L.#' t?3 p ,#i;:Eo':tCs, e`C3 L?izlllpl4.:, a .C`>cking '^lc:`,5= t' of Sh{? Z > e v 1e:3t.~

pE7ly:]:e<.1 t..i:n hf. #diiY:zirii ?1:~1s C.~i?. i;1 a.~i#iUl and :3.#i 0i1wx Iniw3`#.:bL`r of a ilt..#a: Mtõ'.} 3:`G=i N u~..~,.~~~'i. A~.i~,' .SS?~fl':ili~; ~.1:~ :4,,. iNi1~?, in e#li Ã.1 3~;t34~to1~ i. a vy i~~1 %a =e l~'.y ri#.ctiD: t::ic t.u,dn:'#~ ~. :3:id à ~= te 3i?n:i?:i#;a h?1 in4, a i i1.i#:diict#.ve layer thereon . ,t ..:4.:::xled, t hzvt:
4#? `,.ge At.iy?e to ui:)l~tad tt. L'+v('.=3` member s:-iÃ::, t#¾3``a theoif:e`.' i''a:3d. #..t...cF'.
,t?4i.'~:=d i:J t?,#::. {3.i#:2ffie7', increasing the sity"3C:sy t?? [tie catheter.

i\ < F _ '~.~ta. _ at q s..:13. .Ya.y ~:.'.A:~~~.)~4~. a viDtlav;`~ i'S ~;~'..~.~.{~ .~.: a s~aa.~3t'#'La<.~~#=?l~ ~r ~,~'.'.~i..4l~ #:+
t `#~; :i.`...., e..>... ..:`o >.....4~ i.1i'.:~? `rV ~:?~.? y`# :~';~~ ~.<l#s ~:~e:3Y=~.: a ::d.:.#`}Zi.`= i<a:~Li f}i~ a portion '~~sia.
. ... , i, :i: .1 not . x %::;al ,oLinC:. ?`;e p+.'.# yr?b2.TZ' of the m.I:ihei. `}uti E"
thiit. '.y.,c.. {#..:.R'<3.t#.;El, i.:t`
ac..c.vr#.~ t tr:: tes oS.Z:Ita3C.~ ...'~ #. .~# ~?ti:.;}`?i changes ~C.i3~~~t? :'~~`s~ to a~.:'.1~,`~t'i:F' i.? a *.:l'i,'.#::..t:3`'1 ''.'`; 3. .g,i.::aS't'r pi3iiÃ)TI.
, -As . sti,.. ...:.e3fihtx ~::~ :3a7e~?~f:; < lLc;i7Ll fifiei Mysteni can ?ni.:ludL a sht?ipCr I: zez`:3o1"4=' '2~.i '` ? L` . w~.i. {'a.r:=..~i.4'~.1. ..l-:i~.} ya= = ) ..2t)~=5.~ ? +~ ~ ~
t2 `y >L#i}5 }G~S yY=~ y~b'i:r Ai~y t y~::x~K .a c t-y ~: ~ c<
!)~4~]1.3i~. ~i.#~Iif.di.3l~{~. t+ : s ?v\.~.#1~1. ~{t~}t'r=.fa.\.}a r ~c.Ti:~ve 4.i. . m4#..a:e #.!ou1 \#-: ., ki{YSi le n{4ApHko C.iliR.~'i~ claw.! .iJ.`Ave {i: iw.'oiAieuct' 1 V a-y4. on a dwvia.2 por# ivn. W:ai:.a u,.}acivateLa the :`hG.:pe#a.#.'=mory p\?a'timm ~do4S ~
igt'#in5t tF#.c wt.ii:.#a#..
#.wtw..#.'.bL.#. Wh4. activated, #hw{_Eisiat porf..on: caZ# \.xp,r`..Ãx'{..
fte.g.z ttr pLe'1.4 a,i.unk:2 or inttJia the p:'t:}:t.3E.a3.$l. eE3d of :}lF'. shape menti,I S' p3?l<m>.`'.'<f sleeve +.,f}?':t.r?:#..S to ~1 20 1 t~' f ' t k \i ~ ~S~ tt. ~ lay ~:1..t .~ .~:+...~,~~.a~_, ~~~~74:~1Ãi`~C;'#~:it3?a~f:~' ~YE..~'>a:tT'h~Ã`<: ..;i:ia~ w~^.~:>....iT.=t~

. )~fho<.?
:o t. g the ,. .....i:.~ ?ti.~.1,.~.~x` ~ i~!)wA3:i:n. cat%:hi?Z.s, d `a.'.lbr#.: ptEs\ng ( p g j :
.~i,t.,.::=:: .a,:: ~:: 4 a #~~. ~l~. .`,}.~?r`k..:=~.i~ .. the t:=i.1I]i,31Si.:'i~#`t~~. 1 2w.~-=~'>=~~t:#.. i~+l~ turned ( .t; tile .
F` .t,..>"= z,:~a ' a~. t~? '= ..,i'i e`,t!' l?i?i~'#1S i, s~~lTi ~1 can then ià :ti17. `..`. c`Ii z#z :
t t pa+s,:iL'} 1. E<i.Y :# c:,}aa#35, the ti.#Nda.' tT7e'n"'i+".?el': T.l#5 C:c;#? C.fl:G.c`'Za:..li, r,..#`,:``r:{3 t,lo fii:'e.cd 25 t t ~ 'ai;i#.:4P, ,;i..~ r:.. LI'#I?;i~'~. the t#.Is~.?lit.~i%~y .iti..`,.3'~Fe:71~.: )f3,,' its .#{~:~t:i}.., ..~:` a.~}.:~c-..`:w '~ ~. . . . . .
i#.,. , lf~`? .~ #~:~ the 'i.<=?i~~t.l?' i2~~~'~.=i. t,~i?~~2 the ::#.i]"rt :.#`#., .'1' ~ t ; Ã.i=.13i4 a :~). t; . ;
ua.
i: ti'li ly ;3t ti , '{. ..S.t~ti:i.l C1.. ic[ss are provided .

is I1t~~. a :~:~<1?E,' 1:`.+"s~i `t3_'y ~#..l<.Et'fE., i;`a' 3.. ztw:`e~z.
`t?.1> :4r 3 aZ;:t ~?t, a ~:.s:3... ~Y~ ` o` .,. .~ 1"1i7l< `y...liltt~
. . .. . . LLti.3.~. :~3:a: 4' ~ ~~r 4' <
a > l #. t`:.a?`..# > c.~p4d,_. catheters c it p'ot'Edcld5 the C `ile^..415 hu.t\ Ã 1Ã., a p.#It..i ':
t, ` .=
E.3~1#_~E3t.e.v~:~ I~:i7.~t4I~$:?:S. .4 on at }.r~..,s; a ~?f~r:>.S~a. :t.
~..a=r . ik ~:

1 i# ..a::: .`? .,; til..{##':t` nat'::: ?oz?' :2ol~`?t`s).t'_ z .+.; catheters are pi'Cr\ .dC::Ã< 'i'lit; c<3thet4rs kac::ud~:' an t._.t;:a `.`.o4 mma,7ei w~'d a 1triu'o3:vwe located b''~`.~.wE'<S.'.:n fl1+..>C?~~i.C..
?1_id .n-no_:' , \t t< .
.. iunbt. ".> a shape I21~C.'mC?I3' a" ~..3`:~I <3?#d ~:t?f3 '''3i3~.` ; .+. ;3i1;:
l3 ,.rtc .lt..#,1d% one or mom of dii; WHt?M#I ?' S..,uz`.:'L'`sz.

. ,,t. ::Z? ?duc;i1 t e rnmt.d<il La91 be ct?i'#fF;pied to activate lLs4 than i f1.& (e.

,-+. S dm.., 50%) of the shape niZ:in;~rypo~~nnG)e.. 3 C.J)xd`'i#c.2E e nii2fi....Ju.r kf#.n extend tle full length- o!1. ¾~it: whmpw ~ ~~~k,mor; ~i poI~`rne.. i, Il't'. rr\)a.w.-= ~Z='4.: a w.~. ?.b ~ t ~~'~rw~ . ~~~~. e~ ~ -.;.
t ?:,?`; o. less th<i..i i.hi.o t'C`a.Ej, PL Hxnetf:%r of the shape niC';`ilor`t 1f; .` ht.`= sh.Ip+.', memory i3i1lyi1e. L;m1h;:ive In5eMyde t\4g , ;.Sv,(;~.
hr::'c, ftwm, iivE:' ,si' >..E.'.) ..k.::.rnv $.hf`,<hai o i3 ti.t nt:1:1+,rt.YS'e LayC=E fla`s.
.rC`.(?:I7:. The multiple 5ec~ei)I7;'s oc~~=

..t.`..d.:r. 1vk 'L`.r can be i:'{.:3i..~e{w:v;t {"= g, Lli.'.coiA:.alS:L' that 0,[c::3 4.~.i bo }~'\i)f.l.:\S )a, fi.-\t yw>~-: ~r:~ia.A~~yv1 ~Tj `\lf`~2f.iOAcli. The l~~uA.
$ r}~13~'*2L 4 ~.'rM1='v.. } (t.til~.t2~ }(=~` ~.l~S~ t bf tt't ` qra =;\ T t}\?i,t {x,.4'.' \, )tfC < rla'SYy~(f)!~~ty -}>S such .t.]. ..~\.2 .'\i1.. T3..1L~r..}.,l,(1Y
l.'i?;~~L~t.~=~4'~~ ¾w\3 an t+2[~ ls.~~i'= b(.}..iv1vS=.\it .i}['S~t\
~(.1~.h'~. ~{,1<:i t ~ ( 7s t.:,... . ~ ,r~. \ { y a4'.:1C ~ t.>'\G~~g~ , of 3:.~\. ~~., f) r sy.`=`
:`~ _.:t).a~ ~..,~i:'~w t;'~.:1~ ))~( ~~~.=r.~.# ..,>.l. '~Yt i~f..
~~.E.L~,:r..ol#s.

W ti', i3;o n7t .i:+.#'y A3{)l? nie' c:).:t~ bS.; C:={<#iFfigu1"i.d to change 1u \d:t3;Ze, ske, a[..(A;ot' = i \ T}C ``r~l )~S.tS}p. ~~ ii#= .J~~Cf~.fL. }~~ `~ } ~l ti= i12L51i~~:M2 } A
~i i .t{.C..i>4+ .. y~=}y t>}~T a'r ~.(!y=~ fl .. ~1.: T i.:::Zt i~r.t~.~h< t }fRtr }'i)r\ < Ya 1 ~,~~1 upon {~ ~a~4'. .Sit1<~2io i v ~s ,3;:1~i, .t; ..: :axgw' c#.ctiL';~teE:. I'liL' Shit.pc memory :1oly#il;,'.E t #.::' be ~
wt3~I~ <3 , \.+sHg#...'el., .. ~ - itr \ s'''\c3.;n,.,as.. f.t. Y -r c 2 is 'n~L>s;
~"ll~'' coI`11.1~,;+`,l..i,l~ +.;i.~ ~.3<'s ..,Ie.<k~. S ~ ~. 5 ~ '~:Pf} ~ 1~
tt. tt' E- :yrl ,Yi:.fT a ~,. ~. ~

iz)i,t1.: # j ,~ta . k?#. . ;v;~3lciii(`? t l?I' ~'itv %I:CR<)) 4~T`~bEI~ :f tiS ` ~:.. ? l1 shape t.:.:, i : L c:)i7.fi t;fz~=d .:5 i=t3lltcio one of an inner and i:'sL...ef' -,r .s ,f..?e-'~ ~ heii~-',F<,i.i:. "a zd ft) ct.n>wL : ?\. ;'>~~`e~' of the inner and outer ~]?t-1Tau t? I;~~L:>3 ...~.Ã..t~~xt~=i~, #.i=T_?~S n i.:a~'.:ii4= ~9F"i4 L)7 d2'>`~:~;7f tlli ff :.ta.~~ k~ it-i'`>ixt.:f. : ~'?i=
z.>c. ?Les pe.::i,. Ãr?e wEt.ctii? 3 ;3y 1I14' P11ySiCl<3>3 of having the catheters bf" lEsf.kcC3.

;> m?v1Mbl .3:.tr;te.i' 6t} d.i' i.#;3d ~r~.`Shag:)1hty, or i.Fnlt?ckL`d, poz``.lft:e.n~.y , _rmaT.~ ~~etbRhtT
?. :~i.:~:~ t..=i>~4#.:,.T,t .be i,.t}v;t,.s permAi steering ofiaC.afliekeiw ttn ou'i l.2t,i.}.#'L ~~ftF~+.'.=

.,;.f~ k.~:. . ..-tw~.ei.~i1Z:;{i .~+..~:i:. or {õ~.~j~L~~..',t~ and straightened. ty<,?`v. emi.t-,]..a.Ti:.i.z..l of ,.,\ihl?s4 p5 :.U+.a...s or cue<l.s of shape menlE.'sa"'S`
Lmhi'.:` rv..: si:34rlc z ~ )G z t?:>:i~i.~<i4~`
i ., ~' t! =.ai.,.;`\ ; ' tt 3t>>l] c' i ~ a:f:t~. C ~` ~'ll.e of zt.~?e.
~.tii`w~l;:. Bt= . ` #.3~,3~;ly :, ? ,.

S` 4.+'~.,.~.?.~ ;.: `~~:
: , ! L,.I.Y2e' _tt1Ci`F~k~* L~,.~'~. ~ ~; .f' i \ f i..::. f)la'"J t ~. r ~50 3<#{i~i 2:t. Trr~ ='L::~:L::~i-, : Et.t.c1i ,.L #a .. ~ ~.f.F~t'.~r'~:~t '\ ''~

..ta?14.: c i:= a vai#ct'Y s." f pi.1rp+)sG}4. Ad\+:a.f3t=lgC'muSl!r'ti th$.
\,:ce~ 1,b6.Jclr i$, iP:y ;tzj ?tl. ~' 31~`~Ãt .~:;'~~.<.
~~+ ti , ;'Y.}<:~ `'. t? >
...d i.;; !#.~#.a~:=c.s~. ~...õ.;)', ~ ~2` f(. ! ;2'3.i13;; tS f~;t.:slv if` t (.' ~44~ i~3s.~ll.< . v 3L#...t:}34 pi`e' Fl.t;r. {Ind viFr`_iTiÃs iIiLxp.<T:.tikv4=. accurate and >`s.:st t~,'~{.,.'hFl.cit3i;s c.l.k ;?t. used .z apply t<.ie 33'I~? Fk Fai3 ~t.S~ : tcF <3c3i..eti%o Pre(:#sL afvtÃi'ated ci7 ?figi.lFat;:o'{iS.

3.ie (.L` iss of one y; t3iorc 41..;) sl?:F'#i:nES of l4` F,".ivvl..iC}:. #
are `:o: `tk>.:.h ..# k.i:'5::
, accomlmnying t3i ;i3 }N,s :F`Fd ,hi' L,e>_ipbt#:}1 bdow: (Na.io' z 4,?L.4`'za, .:i~atLFFt.s.. :z%::;
:=l. r. ti' Ft. ~?k . ~ ..~ s.3{StF.4 dFe dC.ser`'.1pt.t)Il Fld dxs;wEelgs, :z.nEs the I.FiIti:
~~~ SCRUY`novi t~~ iDit.<~vv!.'`iC:is Ii~> e..d~ F`?irSp,~.Q,.kZi ifkZv of s3$1 ca`:..b5?dkr ,aFit of a sleoeL

Ã,.Ã:. _,i?, . y ',. tIr =1a?:., ~ li. F ' first ``,.` and ~ ~i ~t.a.4. ,.tlli.. ~~Il.i: B is ~ y`~4Ã's~>~: c"~.ii e Z'li:~ ~ ;),.a,:L shape ~~z ~ -L ~ I 3 A iÃ. ~ a?C.>_, i v~'<,( nd state.

. 1G. 2A :;i<a 4.E3S~ ? ~~ 3kl i L'ei4' of wti-l i.'{i;.?_3ti)6.{#.:_13:::;Il.. .5lk3 i3.?..1.,em G .z~i3.iE :F' #,.y..luee i .a ti..+F,"4 e :ile.:l:i?F`: pC?lt`k.nUF';, HU 2sZ.3 is a dtsWklE:d vi+:_y, (?.f f".#.; kd;C?Cif.: a .It.Fct4-i ._...Z, w .',h :31e. Zh<_}?i F..3o#=3'1o3 y pCSly m2'7' in a firsE x k.zl.Fe, .:.a[:Fk<.. 2C .4 a dL.~<3.F:E:^":>

iu;;; :ys di.L. :`...>. o.., L.a.s~.".wr of FIG 2A. 1v;:fl7: thU:.ih:..pc 1'k31:`=#x1i.2rt' pt sZ%t-k's4i . > _' tit:1'te.

1:1 F X>; .`A is a d..,.,:`::loj; 'r'.Ã"F?ss Sos":.tik,3i3~:Fl view C3i an eInbi?dlnIe.ifi of a i..il?C?;::

~~~ shape "r ~, 1 1A~ t in r _ {u and f t~-; {v' ;\..
f ,kk::a~UF'Z ~..c..4i'iaS.:~.F-~#. a .F~:'~ ~ki,~..iaa~a ~~.F3.>. ,.~:~.i t..
a ~.:Fl a:
< o '3~E.~iF>,. ti3:.Fll~.Y.`Fa catheter of ~".~~.3 waAl.. `~~'"'k~;3 the shape .F`mnt?#y ;3. ,pFi:`= `. in a 1ii: 4A ,.s a de.i`a1lt d v7C.w of e..F:. L#:'3bodl.nw..1l of c`, b.+;ux?Fc 20 ~.:..,~:..: i st#.<+L ...~#+..>.lt`37_~` ~7E)i4Fk:1::~r in a {kk~s..
Siatto> :aÃC~t ~ E~_ ~2~~ a 4 :~` ~
sLc zo,n.zl Z.:v:Z 4i-:hc b..~~li-.?i.?#.: 5::~.tht;tor of FIG. 4A; iX?It.3 thC . J.3:epeFF,euk4.3z. y p<t:Z,f2vr in "t;:tE_`..

F& .?Ai.i :t detailed, cross-sectional C'~~woi, aS.i emboMm.,`,l. of a bO3..fwei .. . ~ .. . ~ S. l~i SL state; a.~;~i F.{ F ~Z.3, ~`'~. : 4,rL).-y..'+
~..L .. .t:L==;t 3~ :~' a aa.,:s,_ ..T? >z#.i3 ~` ^~E?lykdi4Ã in a ( .' ` ..
..

~';~ ~~>~.'Z~ of :~:~. ?.a;~.'iss..k of 1' J.:i: `?A.; MEh the shape njL:no""S
p(.`s3f F#.`.t.,' rÃ3 tiLvi.?d a.c. .. `.,:tt.=
f , .Z.i, 6A is r, i~z 1;_F#i~+ ~. ?S ~t ~=~F'l?kic~~ tFC;LZ' of ca.Fl e.'.iibtydT.Ã".t.'.t#.: i>l- s. ..al..i3S?`!e ....`.~.hc:i.. : a shape #, t,',F>i(>iY' pE)iyme?":iSl a first it.3tG'3 ,_Fl.d F'3G 6 .{ ~ c.

t,f the. bc?1::: trF c._Fthete3"i7f FK.Ã. 6A, Lx,.zYh the shape ,,;lL,iks3Ã, polymer On a `ois3,F:i zi~`":::.

. >:>. . 4 is sl dw...:Ãi.d. :..a_~'t: ?3; s::=cIlt}n:kl ;4C.s, of .AF., e3i'.b<. }dfi,?w.x: o'f .. s.:.'?w, #.kL i.ai; 3`T t ,c1.t <~kc:~?Z`kZ polymer s71 a first ~^~.cl.~~f'~; i`z~~.
~.~'~ is a u"C3s;~ `si t ~.t?.k:::.. L`ri IS ~at , >,,.L. ...:3.. .,. St>. N.L:: A s t:x..k11 .k>i?h..El.['I. 7B'73; and FIG: rC
is a oeO3s`>-ticC.t.li?jia v:i'.t=S,"

O.. tth . 1. ...~ oLo <.`, x`KY 7 .:y.t whh".he 4h23.pe i~?d.iUlL3# y pE}I
yInC:1 in a ioi.j4.n'n.: yt a W.

14G, :?A is ~l dos zlcZ~a, i'i?ssN sectiC?.i3al view of ci#': embod:1menv+.,&
c3 L=c.'>ht.~':.:.s a shape ;:tlL;mi?#'y ~.tE.:ili'1?'iel' i>3 a hrst stati,:; at3d a'IG, 8B 3a ..
t (:.? f...~. ~:,.i'~.i..fe <:' C~ ~~~ ,' S: ~., ii 3~;i the shape FsnE:=F'i`Foi"y pf?. } F.:el d."1 sQc.5.ft. s$c?I.e:
<~
> ^ti a k~z.H.3~L .. ~'fC.3S' of an C:Ti"3b`~1.:nG''?: C.`?- ,. C,..thf ;e;' :.~i > ~,'.i< v 3 i.
i:.e,~~~zi #~~ ~F"3E:,~' al3 ~ ` f..i'tiy:~ s~. l ilri`~.'~Ysle.St :`~i~. ~~Bis a t.~~?~'RtSti.:;t::.#:~~;:il , #k, 4,s i-?: Mc c<3i>..:..;' s.},. FRI ;: A, w:ih tht s}?aA:}e 3:3em.)iZ' p;?l' nle!' #ia .a .r?,=t om:;: ~tatc:

: >.\:`, i .+, a is a S.f4.w:; ri.i, v.rot.=\ seotio.nal vi4 rv oS. Cv~i e.i#.bodii..w.nroa a c 3th4'Soi.
t:
. ~ , and 'ui~iLo ;
i't# al.~..ui:., k... ~< ~~ ~,y3~:= ei,7C?i',i: ~ yi?ii%I1~9,.i in a 3'#e:~t stz~~i.',, ~'. ;, e 4 ~ ~ _~s i = ~
#s~
a +~.,i}5 i.:~Ik.
w. , .

i #...w of ha:= cw.lieEcr of FK. aiO:''4,. '4v:di the shape l1.t:,#nia.a~"pl`i~-,neE d.`? . ~Gs.oi,.i:i a$iit+;,:.
. a\. `x. i M I I B, :i1.L 11, C are z:;'os4-St'C.Ã1o#"Ea? 4 sc' l ti s a?

.L, nZ.:i:. sl+"1tL-mdr~ri'.l%'k, iTi a body fe.~isep..

12 is a f ~s.~4 t:i ~ I7$~?t7(~1i3~viit f3z i `.~7cF:~?l?~~ fs:3i if'i~`s, iEn shape ~~ ' iS.~;3<.=.i .:~ ]:';.~'.; . ~:~'.i;~~'~L i:Twx~'zC3#'i' ~ ~~t.',i'ii~~.

DET.,A]l, ED DESCR.t.VIAON
.
::3 = ,~E#ty.. ; .:"_ikkd . : `;:i# li3TG~ ti'it2:~~ :1.ci.vo one or :Ilf}?"e poI.#E1::l:i a,#zz4.iddn:.',a shape ni.. y1?.r> 4 i.d:i:Wi?ci.at >'l .inw t"T: be selectively iEa:;ii?t1i.:ed to cl>s..I.i7:L E:}:ie or 1:_:sf,='?¾', ``.+.t.f..t.... . i. c.n~.>..s..~~.. V . . . M~.iLi.~,F:~2 , ,. .~ r .
~f;

20 W,.'=:;' K:. to t . G^. I A :3f d 113. a +hilIli' 111i'..T]OE>' P.01~'#
Tt4:.'i' (YVIF ) is.tt..#fe:

,`~ ti~#:' o; a s,. LZ ~= ) .#:I.'.~?.f..=ti :~',.E1bi3#' i:I7it.i 9 and a ~:;~3i7.i~.~.:~::~.#.~=e ~~it re, or iouiz3i,,,,, (as .
# ?:, t;: :Z.? 'Rs, a`v'd to an om::'i1`rE f3r5; portion 3 of fl.i. Ãu::) ila."r" .~',?1C':i#bci.

rt 7 ys ~?L f ' ...:i...~it>s=y;L? .~., is Il~A~~~4fs of) s~'.. S:~:S`C~.~`}', #;~L.'i'd~~S~~''.~?~?i~#.:~'i~ f `v { r ~`~`d w.i ?v:? f o t}i..i is ,.;apAtA=.., L3f tians.tioN#.d fra:#i a first shapL :o a se+. oai.: ;
^T
?f ~ z ~#:ii -. t .<?~a T shape ~3~.:C,:#. ~' ~ ~ -; ~k#~`c3: e A~ }
.t~"4a'ia?t.':r<7 ,_ ~.~. i,i~:~.a ~.y;,'='tii#t0= s C .l~, a Si _ir~"1(i~~~ti,. ~:i~...3 as liC' t. .

tli.irki '(,to`k"i#i;l: 6 oii w3iidi LZ?3?if.i#.e.`ve lc3fi '.j. 4 2 iJi#S2 't3 d \ i.o < .3p.';: :<>. llyui- 4 i 6 Z?lii7em+ d by ',? iIE 5 8 to ii1. Lt14# hl`
:,`. .xi c 5 (`::ii.h, <
<_ t? i= .,3`. ..i>.:. _~a.,E`ti~ ~~~.>:: ~ ~ that is capable of delit'wl.in~.; C :C.i:s;y to fl."Ã= ,.L`nE`ai.lc'tiS'e ~ ?: =;~ .# f is LpAN4 of heating L:.C-#.ldt:#.Glavb'. layer 4õ which fin wr':i can heat 3;r*.>
9 ' change shape : : + #il~4'~i~i.i :~-~:#., ~;Fat;:' ..#..:~{
3.t;s .? . l. #., .i~ . . ..F %i? cis.w.`i1 ~,.#. ~:. E
u ?~, t}

s L { I .S f IC.3. B~. SC::1,:i}',.~,l.F p{3i¾ion 2 and th`..C.dt p'LJikioi` 6, ..i~~~,~.:.; f?. ~s. . Ad {~C3~3. ~~. second ;~i~ci~.3<.(:~' ct..#c:#?'~ le.#yi=i''-~õ ~~~3 not yUi31~.:.i~#:.~.l#~ ~~'~l:tw;~' in t>;..r~. 3:#i, :.ab,.>..l` ..3..nr=t. ,. :se3''i'.~(iC:d pCZi'ti.d:iti (45I' pi?l: .o#is ..s dc;ic,ibiA hdt`vv) 7" c>p ,~'\.L.ti'Li1vl''"ly, and one E?x'?F.caf:'. por;.1ow ~ilc.E CiCrvs n?:?x La?e-{r.";"?.'+"
~
131' ri?P.Itm~g z (7:i]i>t..t a#S%;' :clyi:' 4 to predetermined pL>.'i#.t3a?J' ' af.:;z:3'Llti \ti ~: E:I cj :i7:# Lm, be t.s~~cl.wd to ,lt;hle4 ' a 3'r.3:rYay of purposes.
As t.:e:*c?`, bt.=ts below, 54r#..\3j;la <.Sa Such s.C.r Z e ? , can b?->'. applied to ni:.Li.lcrll de't=~.L.C'.s tC'> 6.Ia.t<`'!:i'...t, flnC`>

t i~:i?i"......#.\= . t?, ~,..t i~3a=~ %4~ ~, For exi33aplt`., the shape 1.?:eI`:'.iC32',Y` pf3l? ii.e# :~.. a~F:3s4S i'.:a,#?
t..:~i:?r~~ ati:t~'1ett'#ti 3IE ~IC=i.#i: 3G~Le~r:# >s??F... .i:S;' siLi~ #.i <?:

~.,::`f1#.d,t4,h a Z s.., ss\:l anatomy, aI1d. in fi3tÃ.'is fC?I fi~~,.ti 3Ii;.`; fluids .?#F, bi3di, . ..i`?: ,A,, 213, and 2C shom' a balloon catheter 50 ?.1>S.:lEa.tiinN .lot vt?: which serves os , `='i:s.E;~~ia'~.~.:ifsI?~. :C`, `v.~:.t.i?t ..'~lZ` ~:~!2;3C
ti:~I?~;.~ : of ri1't_ t,=1 .s '~, :. s ~C ` the . 4Ãe'r.
B ; s.,... ?i; #.,w>I:?d.., .' ::.,., t1.',i iTieli,bt;;r :?0, an . ?.: . ?
i:1`:1hc. `?2 at .k,'asi 'sa. ; ;. . . ` .t..? a the is..... 7iwntt3`, and i:iFl t<xpa.EdaAESlE.
b:.klif? `Y. f's ` Wt> I=v, 62, As sk3.lfwn. sleeve { is tit 't.L1I'E:d Im S.3\3tc:; il>e.II?t?'t'.>' 60 # (a `? i`; n~i' b:):,d=, g tm' adhesive bi:EÃ1d111g, ~ proximally of baflÃxC:t31 63 and b.`~h-v:'=<:#:l ~
#::i`:ta.#t k`~: f?`t~a :?. Sleeve I can #Il certain : mboszirt?.eni` t4 e :1 ~Ã.z#. C?~L. ..?i. #~= ~i :~Y e :>~FL =:) .ttomF i3ln 1.i1ti.F'fif:?'"eF..t e -fit within S`+#.#tei nn5:1'a#b.:x 60 .F.#`,d. not to the !:)'#.acz member 60. Conductive lt#yr:: 4 of slot.4c: 11 Al.;..?A

\ t ~ i:?~... \;^ia#af.a3 #IL ~~:~3I? vti .th (:Isi:t"`'.,.y source 5 (nt3t by wires (m): shL3w1:).

:'f; e:lLet`l k?-."i)a{~,?,,,;-ly betti?E'cL31 il4" o1.etd'.r ai1i:t .Fn-nc.#` m:?I2Eh>..s 605 62 t3i3"iL'i?x.
na. or i:3of: of LhS; t`.13:ted' and #I).neI' members 60, 62.

~}.'t~', t: I is 4<.1p.,bi..= ('rf Che, 1gilxg fTt,?I3:1 <2 ii9 cl :ieC.t?nd s.hwpe to chi:lagQ
.. faCe3jiY. r~..~f',FI. ~wal'~ M ~. .<'} -:;, S r+- #ri t \i . ~!'~i.. ? ~\3 .. i~t`..~
~?fCi.ta the A,2, L kc #: t? k ~ tt.2 ?~R ;:~.~. at]t.,~~2(.~,. .'g ~_1. ~~'i w...t...r.\Ld:>h#.pe a.i <..M.i,E?o: su.*.iE:`\'. % of sleeve I abuts an xnai.f:.".3s.?.T. 1#aafwx 61 of t}tft-a' 25 ",. (t \ \jt?t:~` #~l3{ `{` 1f-x 4~4.)~i(LL~~t inner t]} F.~[SN{Nh~~i?e)' 62. ~.J1#'T.t.r \}< a ~5a!
'i..#.a.:# ( 1~~~#,4i~.~i the t.~\:S 2. 4..nl.}.ci t.,w,..<,~. ~..} `s ,: +.,1..#, 62 ;.i`e ua.t:.. t\t ' z ;l~#t#l:t catheter '`:? is Y
. ;~ 3?r ~ r.. ~~.1~ Z~<~ 3~:~~~.Ãi't,ty l:i' :.bxi: st. that ii a xt; i;~;. {r_ ~ a a t t`.x=~r~'tSw#F; : f? * t a :~'i L::" 4 Z.cz,t, ... . . ~#~-i?)il;~ }~?~.a.:}. ,wi,.;~~##~1~ ~:(? ~ ~~..3. ._~...
,_r3f} , `i (, #.~aE i;
..":>.E. ~~?
.:;..'? .t.L.:~ :apZ' n t,,;so2 y '~t5 ':a~? it~ first ~74:#Tt:i?:il 3 ~:~I:aFig~.`~ ti,? :i w.,\,~:3?'.~~F;
. ~. .. ..

# ._L`en+....i`in: d shape 111 which the pi'1lL'.i71oT reduces :l &st3`.F1cte?` 3a.iF.C.#, a3'? #õ3i.,`'ii:?Ã' W hE,., :tt\:~ ?. of ~ I4c: ;3l? . Ef:'1 3 ~a::~"#] , contacts an t=x~.c.E',E)3' s:#3.'f3E.o 63 <.?. #:i:aLt~ :r<a1.3t Wi :? 2.
.is, a :' `4t.... 4,LC.`<: vL3?.1il,es or locks the mltf r ?`ner1'sbE;=#.' 60 to the li.'frw:` nn4.21bt.,. 62 t't:ki;
?'s,tS.i::-:,~ #.:~i~:.i.ls.Ei~. +. i ;~3C:: t il~~.: a~1~~';I2~~S~.4 l"+.~':3~] ~ .;oz :.'s~: L??ii.i~~ ::3.i;';;T~~34`.: ,C?..~+iÃ:~= i~{a;~.'#' #`S 60 L? t :~il?' ~Ã"'.i.3~i?icf`stil;?:>1~1 and 6 #?.<s.t> ` .,.. a.,.f .<i..#.L.+:,s .."\ pE.iShzi "Ohy of tL F:F.?:lh, s3X..
C.ikhe.e?` '4i..:`h, ?s SF1J#s,._ ocs.rt'F': sI\.. w ..#. the Zcd..3'3S`#F cai.E::S;ts-:1s pushed thF'(}u_h a nm[`I'i?`i'Y c.'t4>izntP s.a..E;`v~'~' m; :C: r,d:ti a1f b:x.:, i~:'F`: Lmi2:'LCF' 50 ti? be to CTft.;:1L=o i.hL=
cCCItF-p,LF g or lf?ck.i#:3,? }'5etv5''S."W:.:~ outer ...;<1 .I`.Est:= FF.L#....b4.s `t.`. i..'.., ~~,. .Fiilc~:"`t3.s i{23 tubular i?1Z"
?~If~I'`~ sza3t~.~3a F#i#F#<#' F~.L'#la})eF i?2 sC.lt.iatt., i i.a:t ;F.Z.ecStiL j~,'art t : l~t"f~;~.Tl~'+l.o. w'' 9 the <' i :Ã`,e:t,t.i, ~t.)t~Lxi.C:l~ ~~~~: ~F..~3~F~~' ,...~~ ,Fa;~#' t~.~:,.'.;Fe.
6~. }.
.
of gl1 ffi4ttt;Iz mu.4F;c3ls ini:=lL?de low du3\Ameti:=t' ny:'i;i3 ., taÃ'i:fh<i.F?c`. and Yt . ....t f: t . ..~." 7 ~~_.~~.~..i ~ 9 m3#
~,\.. block .?,:ti..~~ i ~?~?l~=1I7(r',:s}. The ~1e~3..l:3; .#C:>~}?ÃY >
' .>

.`... ` ` # ~34'' , t E 3b!'4 yr i~, of ttI" ! `:~' high ~{y~ ]rett 4.(1b'F.~~i{.J l j-~5yliJn [L `.~~L~. {}~.l~A ~?i. ~ t:YL IF.1 ty t \) ) :L.A1..1..=4. ., 4'4t.. ~.'\..S..~L K- a~~.i4~.'i.afiii :. a.cz.c???s i3#, x. C 4">? l L~? a:?:i i~xit< or I71C)'# L i'~?#.li Ea i i Fl z,Et ?-4 of the ~F bF..:F F 3e,:ib i i' f1`
r "Fd;`:?' ` ~.:` Y
Fa ~:3'~3'iL:F~i}i','r 62, ? b?~..1.F Z;ii~l~t?C3iia \} iJ ~?\ SN'~~5#IFG~~#F. . ta.Si.~zgtF#?i~
ti?.#.i'; cz\;}F"li:F. F?t' t x lt'::'#' <.F}`F..Foi;. W i 3~rF~ ~# t 3.L' po.i'ion so thal more th%dF.i i?.} ,3s."3aAF<?i> caF# sw1L:'d chi.tnae ss i?`.,, i ;??,' exa.F?:?:?lz.:. i-~Ii_3S. 3A i?il:d. ?.B-:>hC?w ,SF
slUC.v+. :'L? in a bitl_3at?3~; catheter : ? S,i. 70 hFcladGs an SMP Wbulw rTwn.t?e.;. , .:,Fv# ag .

.t=`
>ct,.~ \i~ 4. ~S~ ~"~ \ ~t~~ d i~ ~ ~3t.:f T`11 ~.t37 5?
. v ;.?(?:`:#+'3?3 i ~.. ~ .}~.~~ ; =. i\ \ ~: .1~. :3 74. ,:-~ sP~t .i~ a t~FIF3.1 ~s~

.F i..#`:t.>. to SZ3..Q ..:S.:m:#cE' 60. :"`3lF,=Lv"e. 70 ftFfth4r S.izi:lud`L.':''3 a Lond:dLlavc sa'.Z,.? v5 ,,iaLe 79 of first . `.-.J ;:h rd pC?Fls 72, 76. Ei3 a first, Ãaa`.l.?Z.ke :?Z?hiuS3T .s:i 78 of s:et.-y\.d lti abuts :1F1 intS.`.:Fik?r sufl,.F\'. (il of f?i:aL"?".F7.w#?.i7Cz160, and the do1.-" .FS.fit c~I.Ata'2.}. .`'.nneF i.nVmi94.i. 62. U."pon, 4a=i:fi vati;.15EvFa Z_oa4JLwfi ve iar c~F' /l~.? '\ A<F ?:El:4 sxeF:~; : '<I:3C
'f, :ai sFiiiF?i. F,..~ ? :;\..=i t'f ~.?"1: :?r1?[a ~i:~A1,rL~i x?C)>~.t aI'Fs 72, ..__ . `
, .. .. . .

? et....i:i..` ..? \o _' ~ ' ¾ ,.I'E.:l .~'1~~. :C'r.~a,:~1:' S. t<3.'J'=i i5 contacts \.`..I':ii~r s~'aI:f:3\.i; '_~ x?f.Y?I.`av"
F.....t;`=a t.;'.:)i 2 hw.c~:`.4 ..?ck:F3 F outer and inner F??6.mi]eF"s 60, 62 and e1.raal'.F\ ii?cs U~w F Fgpi#i f %? ~ x#.;:t3<?~, ~ =:~. ~~ ~i >: ~ :.

TS :';i1\. 70 # ui' a conductive laY'"ea that i'x.`te-nd; .,.ifnnp~~z4E.ely i1rc?1sF"#.:'A
~? t ,.~... t,~')\. ~4~ f}~12~L~t~~.-\, the <:.a.azC't ~1C., layer i.c34'3-3:i:t the p.F: +E:=: C.i t .>~i. _. t ` xr ` .. ~ 1..~~ r ei f:'.F~`i.. `}~
ii~4:~: fi e?..'l`~.~Fa; the :~L'#`~.@~~.t:~4~` of t~'.f. `~fC.'C"'S, ~'~.fS. `~-f~.
,;f3\~ -#~:4 se'?C:iS' a `~L.y 15 .. "I.,\~: s ax~., :'.: ~'~.~z li3~ eÃSS\ ".e#Ct$~' ft~; 10 7 f. c. ilC
..F.tt..t:c,F .~.Fi.'.,?~.i ^.= i ~3#.\.. ; ~t ,. ;F.' :.t3l#" L~+: F '~:' t,. ,F~:is..,..

'.~. tubular mC`.F:#~"3~~1`a'.F'. CoÃ3&ifcfiS.i: >:ir>L# S i are spaced .'~:i ;
.emb\. c~ 8 ~. ,.nC:i.Fd?'~~
,?~..~t , along the t}u~I,a:?~t~.~'~" ft:f ..i\:.L~''~. :~{.. t~">:Ylc3Y I?_ s\ i,Fzt: portions 87 ?.S~fwil<iF1.u; 3Y?F143tf1Illctll?y ii-lilt do not hiF Y
S conductive ?.x2F.tG3 #.c3i S~' ~-i à .t,. i :3 tI t.\.I~,w ; s i.:i': `i~.t;lÃ-#~i;ci to the i~iTla".'.F ..'1.'iaitl?swz 6~.r'. ~. ~;" fi.:~E. L's#~.i?~<'.i~
\.' i .3Qi.~v. 3> .sE;3a:Lt_fa i:i? <1.il.d in t.C?fiEaLt `Jsr1:Ã:b d:ie ;iua+.'z mi.'.mbc.." 62 (, sC> 4A).

W IS.:n, t ? #?~ is pTs~vidfi..(. Ã+_: :=oi]duCt1ve lay!vl`s 88, Ã.l:,.c S:3a-p:: .i'f143'ilft r' tlt fi:';FÃ:
tit5 i1 k <it and ~ tos1 v-" a~1" s ~. Ãu1~: .. . s3iitx ~. ,.,v,..,. {. . ..4 ~~:~'c 4~ ta:3~: > ~`i1F~f~s to ~:'i)Il~.sl~:~. the i.I~.2 1e~ >r~ 61 i ..,w?r,:xt ` {:; ; `;K.:. 413~ locFi.C~lnf.h the oui.eF" :F?d. inner iF%L,mbels :' f?no ^y t a t~F.i~ .zi~:F~
~amt?.3:e. iõa:ia.,:s:-ks 95, 96 li4i f~l'.4:#i3 to pass .Z3$?oti.i~ >.:: <f .
~' t4M<?i#~~ .. ~

9:3 1.:'3zsv.ui3 the .f:;i aÃid ?.7.:#:' :I1c#'?iber:> E30. 62.

cc;3i 4hc1n4fs:; Ão t?M, r sh<I:~.?en F?. <:xaÃ?lp#o, FIGS. 3A <.vl~
5B st ,<.cve 185 '.aa:* 1`3g E;'st g3okoÃ;.s 186 cMt,nt3w` c ... =t`zf<. L. ~:Ã7Ã; :
~"i' ii ~~i and a ~.::i3.:lFF~~i ~' lexF'SI' 188 on the ii%'yt ~3W3~"E1t7'a;,^..

ÃC, >, ;iaf: :EPoly#;''ofF`s13 v3 smy Sod,:tdCi'Il%.i~ sh'<Pi.. 4:`e4 mioL'vm a ;ii;EFa.S: a:i.:Fa.9eci .,.FO:?S `\.kw.? r 2,`om, <aL.fivc3 ii,n, w iS.9i the corners PJ`-~ co.i?tx:S:
tingihl.` ..)t4,r3?.r sa.i2 #4?a.4 61 e y_ Other .?3a~~f~.?MZ~?~~ \t't.S.'F., x f 85 [).ai'}nAjFii) w`i~i+.Zi..[4~:
t''?,. , t;..i.:~:=~>.:i.'.

}.w. .'>, i,.i#. :.n contact .v,.Uh ?,ili?Lr oati1e1e1"62. As c3 :~~~v'~Lie-185 is a.t3,Z..b..e of .+,wi{::t`t the i;,3.e3'aÃ.d .mn:-` i-i35n-2bv e'S 60, 62 ti1gofi'.i`s.?F' while leaving che.F.l"lt,L..4 195 fi3;' ?,; O9F`.d to pass l. n{c :ÃatF,11.,::;r Ãi7i'ouSfh ImnCn 1 98 bdwt,',mi Q
t?s2xi;:r and in.is:~-a mei2.;3e1's f:0, i'`~
.`.:..

: .>i~'L=.. 'w'I#~~v.i~?i#'...`~, tlits ?.21F7L'..i' #TaS,;.II~~~F?t..#' .t:t~i.L E?.F''rs..~;:~' outer f`.~~..Ã~'ii~.A `Ã3.z:;.#~~'vs ~:i sec"R.?t, iYC~ `t;: :i 1[?L ..3i4i1>i t' pf:>lyi71er and a c4..1..ducUv:, f;wd?c?dF:g that ~.?<'.nF:.>Ã'k loc' a.I s E'~ .,:e, ,.. s ")`.iti.., to val:h C'1ti3t:-#" wI. htbz..Ã' fl.5:' need Ã61 a s`paaatt:- 4xi.QZ'E;~;

> .{, iS. ?, ~ and 5z-_ '-..2',>.... .v- a +:ii'.~'F:A~ sy4ÃC:~Fi 1~rl~ :l~t~
~#..G=~i ,.o-...#~~r=:`4 a.,lt;ia':C`.

102 and :mn.,i= m`aLii?.ber 100 Inner FT1L.Inbr.e 104 has a locking S
LE#[."s;.. 106 ~e~li .i:
"nS.mE?:y po. )':nm% L3_?4kiFig selat'#ff.a 106 has a .ta3 s. portion 1 i 0', a tiGc;3x::d 4t# '`..# 11 2 ,i#.Ea a ....# .: pE'>, :.i+?n 114. Sec'ond portion , 12 h1.~. a ct3i1dt::Ã,:Ã'`t'e .~ ~
ye_. 21? i.hci..c?i.:. '+V. ..?o. ;f.t;Ã..` t=awd #i:inf::F' g.'ei:1bs.=F 104 .,1.:1Ãb:.s s{::t#.fea}-d tu.?ii :ir Y >,vi 3.e t 7;-: i.ap9~: ~t..z. di<`u:'s f`s::Ã zSS,A. <:~.t ~?.r;';' f~bk..i 1~~.:l >.
?+=v ~l .i.. ~=~i.a~_$ is t ~:~rt?. ~liaÃ.t. ?A> le ,.v>nti:}.[ .. i i . .= yE'.: 121 the '`hw ?e mC:1t'E()F"G' polymer of the second pa.?` : s.: ; 12 is ~ .. ;;..v.,., .3.'} v ;i~3t:i.~ : t..:~.,'';~:t ~l.il. inner ':LiÃ'.~t.ld`~i?
14;~ of E~`IS. .?E.[i4'F .,~t..3?>i."~+..F :i.3'~f, t.wF.F-:C?i ~t S i3: the inner and t.?llÃ.ei' mei7:il]C:"1'i 1Ã32, 104 Ã:() each of.1ei in a i?.>Ã' fla;"

` .` .,?F i +,.t:4i:S`.i.,3e:f above. Altem<3titi'ClZ' f3ra'a'w,Ã'iE:fflcMy, dh>=_, f?.#.Ã,t:3 .F.`"E.>ili;?C.F 102 an :~...:, ~~.'F~~Z::t~?I. .j':1li a i:%~r}i`.r.i~.i.it..Ã.;:F''`v ~i~'t:~` Ã
?~i~. is i,.i3~~<~~?,.f: of ~zio1$I:g tmR=~:#xi{lc to . F Et: 3t `iiF >.-. nua:#b:I~ 104.

i;;...3 o.>xr e.ilibZ?ti:i...\IU:} can bU l'4}T71.iS-Vd. F._?ia l;p.5..
'c#:ki. k3INIP 4h.t,~,`e e.xnxd:ivti' 3 wi}?~3r~ .f~( :~:'~, }.~.?f1> l~'.~`,._.. ~,.=:~~.t?#..te#.1.:=G the ii3"ae~. tiF::F 3c#4:=~`.'. le. ¾".: outer i~:IS.'?~l.~E:i` 3~`~'a~
t. ..

\

:F :'iIt ~. ,k;:(a uhs~ other of Ii 3'?.'i:.h- can contact tt3`!.. Z3utt:r salT`..cC. of an :nnoi :T1i>=a1-.bs ;

b,.S.:l;. s-a :.t.ltt..l#"; aIl SNiP 4li.L,'4''Ã3 Ã?i E . include portions & fiYL sz:?S.; w,vi;n. e3x;ht, 3iIIlf{, ii tG`lio"r:norE. peff'tdt3f t? :n whib t7 ti t +a# ' ~ s..ifl?; szc L'3: i ~:~~ ` ~ ; ~ ~' :r ~;t ~...a Um ' i tS I i v..=a,~Ã?~3ti$t'a'4= I ~':'..F' applied .~i' ..z:[.fi >.it:=~`t `t~.., t, .::12 ,iA , . .

`'.'<'3\., nl ::a3,b+.'.7' is contacted at aIlua11bk~C.'r of pfxII1ts to InE:=1'4c3s.t+.' ti..6: nadI:ll # ,Cif~Ã and .. ._3.iAt"3taiTP the Ã%at:Faf =tt:r m a non G-ofls:psÃ.k7 wn&
ts: afi.?.~-i t`r < .#n' .1.~:::t'r i .>:;; ~` .L:= # ,::il. :?r<:54i.irf:'.

le :'i cspk ?:# a,iCZa}y l >YlynnGr sleeves c:a)i have a a:~i#152+.. \)f ...+, w :p .~ ~ `:`~ ~ ut.i. :
.:?.,t~:~~ ,~..> }. `'~.~` .,ii,?Ãz (01, a El.'a ShapC:) caIa, c,g h21vs.. a l#::n4f 2 ..., firt:>.17;
;:} about .. 3 > . to s t 3~` `E!. 75 #:z".., , an i?(.EE:~i' Lfiai3i`~EG'.E' OD ` ~#'> %Eft. ~ ; .? ~'"" <#.t:.. ~.`t 20 `?.. i3 ~.= # f: ~'<3 Sf. #i~ ?a- ~. ~ 3F1:;'.. Z

li?t. i:#.t,z, c. .:=4' ., taai~~iaa.,~;:i? z ;' : of ii=J~'11 i~.~'3Crtit ~i.z`.E)~~=>~ 1A7?#, .c? c.3f~<.'3~1~ ~,.f~ ;'F?I71. ~~ 3ti1:'~1 4 f ~ } the A.: ~ ~ ~;i~ \~~. the 4~4~~1!L. 's L:~ iy x Z ~ft.~i~~'2~,~i (fti the a shape i~T~1.J.~~. =v ~ ! ~L ~~t'_ ; ~~ ~ '..^.a s_.f.=v~ in ` s f .a ;.~..a:.'vr. ,~i3::. 3 z=~~:~iLa ~.= ca~
i2,, . C's\i ~ 1~3-~2 f,f.'SC7i.
L !) t 3 rk , }, a s. l : t;+'~t% ~s~1..lE~fPt ii~i~., f ~.,=.' F.i~v E_ c~~3.lZ~.fryr Ã;~,i z ~ ~ ~ L

a2?tZt,e . b i ?t s 3 x C?~~ . <#~3~~ .x d~la[:~.1'1~:.~'.i W2 .tC?f.'3 t;~3.?t#ti `...~' x W
11, i131~'~f:ni~+i#Tle#1tti,, afte; ,.w1hi.# `\.'.:tp<nsit+n.
a sZõ: . ~.3. ~~., 2~.,~, .,.~ ~` ;.. '##';Ã:: ~ L.x _ ~~: ;-~~.3l~i~:~.1~ 3T
sleeve in a ,`~:E~\ fl.~.. i' r~ i Z:t~?a.i~E.{~..: a t 2 ,"\3E...,`'#t.t'~
1.l: (f.=#::,?. w e e~..e:.t~#rt . i~s:

d3drd s3 1 'wi `tx c, a..aYO''e i[n outer (hi;1nct'4'`=#` OD3 ft'+,?nl about I.2.+,0DZ to abi?uk 3x"

# ~~ ! ~~2 ~ e ~, f~ a i`,~. i ~ l iL ~ kV, 0.5 ~ x W2 rr` \ i.t :~i}Lf~ :,::
:..IL, E ~a= ~t,3~t,~} :ti< ~ ~~i f~~~i3 ~`x~.Ã.l~Ik ~~~~:::;

:''2re-ring sjL'c3='i'.S

=~r ~~ z ~Y T : : < ti-nc? ~'+~u m`tSp 3y =t14~r+} ~.ka ~'~>:CF 1=y S
\.f.2~i..s-.C._. v; ~.L:i S 6.c }~=~ 'bl ~~y .3 'a4==~i~1 :2(.~ ~ i~. ~." t~.1.l1`:' ..ik~4'~t.a~.. .2~.~.~C..f...~.. : ":\.=S..:tl. F ~= Jf.

3 2d..5v\} ~^> ' ~f{ ~~=,2I:
i [~: (`
o=, z".U\ <',;..? .^\.. .td r?a3't,s x3s. the shape iliemtyry P.'}'~~.)i~ Z.-.
i..2 .,\< .\=' ;:...i;. . , ,.(.S, .. :eEnd 713 sh(1F~, a S+tz's:.tabi4 .;ad#L tvr .Y f`?ci d4F:'\. ;-f n ~. r a ,.4.. i:?i'rti1:i 204. A shape n?t.n,fbF`y p(f2Z'mG`_ :s.:i..f`s e 20'S
, ;ou#.`d.. :.:i'. d,ao-..tptzdVn. 04f3f.TnonbL:-rNO2.

25 m. it:Z \ (\.. g, \ i> at.0 ) eL '+1.3:,.a+.., ii 212 f5f,4hi:1p'F.:
MemÃi'~~'si' Pi)lyYne, s:'L'.ove 2`.)8 .t~-la, .Ãia10 i ÃstI~ T~~i..'= S~.~3~.`:C:=~~~~Lti~eFÃ``Y ,~ 33~`.t,`.;g' ~aÃ`~ h~.: ~t~~; ~.. a sI.evs:: ` FS extends around only a pozfioa: o, s-hape m=i>:.y .. . . . . ~ 5 ~'C.'.. n~,_:. a, :<3 7f j.~.i3iz... .v`,#''.~'~'. ~,.5:,ii~#.IQ.1~`~' +i~~ `i~i 2 .~~~Ã is to +lia ~'~ ' ~ ~:

=.~~.\...;` ..\.; y..l.t' to a 1."nlwil YsaLi'?.t. F'J T=
~V't.~i 4J24.1h #s a7Cf~v}f..}1od to t114' [.\A?\.YwA3ve3i? tk\\.. i;?.
reg}i'ien>?a, .ha..i: overlaid 1?sl conductive layer 210 f>5..tt.,~-ated'aiFd Q.'h _ s iv. =rl1c ai.tt's=''itbÃ?-n is of ;iulis..ÃC=::1: tw''.:'. t< steer thi:=
C.ltifr:1?. of the n#\..mber 202 a3-t a direction oj'~Po:`ite :.Flw'.f 3 t, iC:'. ..a ``':nent sS E.,u;:T T\, t,L.i v.itt.i;, as .fl'i:3sticlted $1F FIG, ;'(:, In +.:c1t.:..Tt :z7ibC?dnai.Ã1t G iffic `~~,~rlkaE.I`:~ t`='s~Ã'z ,#.s~ :. .. s,.*=:p~ .>. its i.,4;F-iel? y ..r a.t~ would rd.ndt in E.3'#:diE.=LAt=4LF being s k,:f':#-~.f., in Rf# M.\ ~FZ ,:?,:> 3,.i4 '~4 aen"~
! 4;.\

?_; d~ati:Y C'# at~E>Ã:ii#a.\F:t ?, ffid' i:CSI'#_dl.id,>tI-4C. layer 210 G.?:tt:a'ti?5 n`+." F3^:i`Fc dii?a^: c3.i:)oF:.#
90 t ,?rs u#.eE ..Fii:A31....:3:.eLr (e , 4F?e c:_FrZ.:urnf,4.ri=nce, when the sfi'-b1ee 208 ? .'iFn `::E#.e :. .bI#:, of . :Fy,.F,#..,F?cw E':El"3: ) , ftbe shape tu`4'FmC?ry Pt?lST.atei' slZ.c';'.; ' X (Ã: . E;Ãt Ilaf}F-S;
than z:._ o,F. ni mC?ro ,,:....,. about 700 no .J~(1rL= than .a:?o:.#i no F.,3.'.F'd;; fl-#.i?a3 t.bm 501tt, d13' :7it i:#,'w4_'. e.3iiSiF~ 405u i1I'ou13cE :.hi: pd,.`# in-1.cF.C:F" of d,~.~.. s.a:zap\ .iwiF:f3F"y (ii\)(dfAd the ped:1lVWioi 1hi.~.7h,sipt.

,n,.r?o s ;`t?.:y, ;e, k.G. <'6 . (L g, ?"s i}'za'n about 40xi. sic) less ti~..:.n.A..t?ot . '54rz%,?'1#:F less 30 ,,ac,.1 ~i ~ ~ ~ ^ ;iF \...,t M),s, u) less ~ .. :3.T. L~ ~ 2 ~t ' "'SY
about 8011 ~
.#:A`Fi~A~~.~~~:=
:~.~. ryi..t~`x' c. or no ~~:5~ ; i.~~w t a'. a_.. ?f, 4~ 4.:-ii2~.L.~ ~ r~' ~F ,{ ;t t i t~t?ttS.~x .C,. ..:~ \. Z ~ . :~~~.~~F f? \ ~yF~~Er~s 4# ~ia~`v~G~~. Etl ~?iF~.:?C~#,~..~iL;d~...~x~'~a :\ o Y \ i ~~i 0 , C::~?: ~., about 'tz )r'. around ~iFS.' \ .G~: ~\
s': ,, i., . . ~ ~Z'3~FS.<i:?~#. {~ ~3C..~F"f:~? of w tihapi'.
.nL.n.i_ #= ~3fi:~~y.#.\.)t' i~,.;..~\.^~~4.. . ., ~'x0\. t~ ~~~ t ~r iiu 4 `
~} i+i~{ ~~'~tC sa?\~.~..\: ~'~. stit~ i the \ .. ^i 4'J. #2y-t Ft.T t F.~ LF~'46~~V ' ,V S~L~ '2~`F. \.}.~,y k4'v~~'t~ ~.W
he sh \ipo n\.,., ..cit l i ~`.[.,,~i?.: :L: --~ir ~~ x :9 ~_ C: ? xi i ~7'~:.zSC.= i:;i? ~''~YEa:tI'a~F Y `~ .?
r~
tix..\. ~:'C`{.~ :.i31~>~t~, or i?E~Fi<i<~t, F

'.:' Chf,'gw ii-3:: d:tr t'ii(.> 3of [?'4e >cti3?<<ter.

~~a ) ylt}~d~'f.~.~).:4~.1F.Y\ y~t.`~ of t { f,>V~ ,t ~LG'4i L~q}1~Y i 1 -S j~
~A~rld.rs can ,}~~-=.E~\~#twiSlEZ+~.~n For ;.:xi\t1~,, FS~~.Y+~.
. F,,:)4'S ~.:i.iY fC..` ivL~~t ~'~SC? y)y. CF=F?~.i..).

? Y ~t' }Y t .x ~ ~ 4 z "~ f ~ . Y t ~=- i ~~',? ~ t i \ , a s.~.i::;l ~. e.iilY. .} ~..,.>'` i~ s.:t,,: :? \. t.:.<:~#d.~C.F` ,.:.y #.i"~~;.~IiLiinr.,.i a31::~1~it : ~.tZ'' Ã

?od##'}. .j...)". . A .`gFa't'3p. ,..+.. `tr`Ory P{yiy"Fnor sfi.cv'v' 230 ,.urroEA'a:'Cis the distal pZ?f:l:;.'.n 229 of the .,%I, ..,>.tx'.k 22., , Shape ;;.4i?w3"y pi7l\.-a11eT" sleeve 2.'..() is i;o.? 3. ;3;3 t..$. ?lf.>: \ .1 l;ka,.' a w`
2,0 i? ;? ? LiFi{i:iii. ' A l:.yt;.i`..,~4{.F ~3~'4Il<~R'4 kL ~ , Gi~tl~k~ a :~dw'`:Fi;:..~'I?F 232 oi :h`..'~
230 Y~ ~~ ~ $ 'i . t> t " *~ s' 3c ` the #. yS .t:F' st .L\r;G L. ~,1eL~ # ?~~'i;l ~S A43F`14~~.~i~2>7<3~e ' \-~' ~
:~.aFla~f~~~l ]^
=.Z.:

.:14 shctr'?c `.':i?:,.,?.'?oi :% r1i?ly7F,xS;.Y' wiL.`:vE: 230 i:lilit extends d.=iai.dFF..ferC ?$';.u.lly ,3.it?F.aid t2`.?3.4' a P,. , Of `i.,3e shape xo?\ ,.?i?3'y poly~#1zeF" 4iG4L'>. 230.
NkfheF3 4'noF E> 1= is p:EfVFd61 to thC3 cr.F_:i.u<.t. + \ . yep C ;.anm:a 232 sSF:.E: is i5veda3d by `+v'2KF.S.:^tialve . `s:y4`. 240 is .F.f...i~='. aked i } such '}': .#.s, i<:= <t ,~.s tA. ,.L;..it. ~.,~t 4t.~ `tiL3~~.:\:l3 }~i' st$'ill;..:~i~t SE7i3~.'~G` !~.#~:>~. this ..ti:t +,....?mxFõ,. i.L;=7,3. are to a l~.its,,. ~~ ~i4~ ;~E:~~FY ci~ai?'~i is f3#~S..#f .FL'#L 3: ,x ~, .Y ~[.~
the v,~ ~ckt d=`f..T .r\ ~F>aC.~F~. 2;~~w .,? ;^ >.:# v 229 E. .... ~ .,....1 ~,S.: F 227 a~17 'st Ãx9li'ij~'~ai.I7.
C?~.., t . t c v~L de.
~ ,`.r..F,. .ti..;., i "t Z ~ ? ? ya s .~Fi'-~ ~,r 3 tvh,,t;.h s .......~ .',..~:-.,. as #.?E`;st,.a.tC'ci ia?FIG, e*~iR, ESa.V:i>
~'x ..l#..;-a:<.dl1:i.Etu.t. t}itiad:= (f.'F'tp>`F.1' side of O,.:.~ sht..`G^ Iz?mo> S pi3l~,'TixÃ:T Ocf.Li:. 230 is E23.
..d..itaJ.I"a t4``mKAfi# w-I;z~ ~,~&, i4.1.fl'~' 'a:.3 fl.L.x.`Y.\. to ibrdw.?"t,t #:iug'i; C, 1:3`l.Ii?I cÃ'{.l 'stS4:l.i.
i3nC3 e>fd,'z:,`~i-vel1; Cht,F:e#.'s?I#.oveT:{ii .oF..gb, . kaE":`.; }.;t,.Fv {; flac #Iiomb4:#. 227. IF"I 'x;ertaFn e.i;.'.bttiili3]C`?._s, thi::~

y õ .i t t in i.4.3 wi! ] ip y '^~Y^Z:?~F~..~L~' y}y ` Y (=~
\ 1.=Y S . \ a ~~.t,~~it~.~ ~i1i~~- >~.ijf i~" A ..: Y ..t`~ + : )t?~
L...s ... . :~.s ~L Yx ..~'EF.~{.;`s`a~._~ t.._. : `uwi:.a.,.'S.~i.\.=s. õ~t-, e.s;
F
tt g ~~h IF~:~>
'.# i..:C: d..\),i:i~i#il ~:'..

.~~~i.` shape :1> .,1:\?r 3a3}y:'11.ea sleeve 230 :S}:i ci'rta:
ei};:?<)kl:nicn,,. c,..3 ..o w?;I w..r.,v11, to f.,...l.:tate pv_`"r:l} curvature of $lic, s~~:et:v:...R>4. e?e.i3;7pA br t34}in}ttrt:n4 ..i : ..; ;j.? ,` ...? .#:.c. eL}`.af:.`. i....d :7; decrease in aFtnWt#.1ie#i'.f~ len..;th, i'o:= fi:?<....','yw. tile aa!\Y' o}.i+oS?tl i.lc2iNle 6 :i::'va d #SSv2i+,i v:~ta \~.E~ 7..1~: r~ \.I .:1.t` E~-.F~. ~, f ~Y`~
~,. ,. .. ~ all ~ {.. '}'~ .~:+.. J,C:e: wf s::I::
Acs can `.:;<,vz, senc s ?:?f:~Ãit nc, to aIii:gw ft>i' fltix#C? 7, :n \:4:,.:~.at~. ~'?3l llli:l lifC=~ a ti ~C:}' i I~~ \LraS~ <:ia~:, .~i?\s:.E~:::{.~ t3. or ,ll.y,. i zti:;1. tip of :~.L z?`.ila=.oI, f4i }i .ndlEde a }opfi' m5'11?L3.i y po,4tn'. h,..4 i>rE' a t.{3}:+;t#:3cd E4 i i: ~u i.i.~v '~~~t~ a longitudinally {]CxaTi[Y ,., I {~
>;fL t..'~`iC.>. )Z <.~ > ., ~t, vC. c) ,~t1~,:" i::S.~=}~azi:,~. :; ,: {,~~~~.~ 5.::~.Tt.. .,~~ I:~~~
at v n } #}.~=
} .
ce~ r~1e....t but },f: t #.a'tf3 +~iTi'.:~~11 i~ d`~:i'}.i>~: of the szi-.`e;'7I?.~s si:r 3~,+.:z'~:.. I
:F.c.?: :n.~#:x{,} \ ~~{5 IT?L~ ~ ?t 4..~:` }t'~#3l ClCi1S'f#.tal, fY:i:}h1i7.g ;+.f t3nw. õffka.ioi' i,'?f tht.
\... ., :i..\ . crice ,~.#ti,~#C... +{F ipo:? c'{1.+.:.vat;.t:1}.i and at3 ..~~L~;t t., ~i5.% . ti?G~ t.`itrtS..r in a l i? ~.i<?.~Y
._~ .. ,... . . . . . ~.~ .~C..~., , op,?t.t:. to that of the portion. For i4.? a:#21ple, FIl3S. 9A i.3,e..i t B
s3:?C?w. a .;Ã...`; .3h .ala{..x 250 ha'1 ti. = a d1s~.<'1l portion 25-4 t.E .nd:d{k:s a yha..ps.'>...omt;ry 15 pu. y..`>;L.. A..o,.v.<::.#i.=.iZi:::}":'#LGvr 260 Zlt'ti:=i,-ia'`rs Qg, coats) a s L.?,i. 2ena 256 i.& .ho.a.fx' ?. i,..o ..., .,34=, y ~v <>_ the ` s..,, ;,~. ~'~I ~" \s 4_, y t ^, isa Ã.~.a,1..rv;;E3. .s .:~st?}`? :, "3~'~ E.~1~t~ ~.:4::t;=~.~, sl:

i t . ^i..; .; [, dIst:;~ po;t}3`. 254;.#'td t:?tC?ids F3.i=31it1d less E4't#.txa tiS.l. .J;.r.;E,.?.# ie,t:.6; of the Wti\ 3., ?;3: iZ.:f. 251 Mt...3 v}>er gy is ~."t`"ov1#..ieL~ to $h'=
(:=C`,uduLb`v+ .,.} : et gmenf :756 s ~~~i the 'a~r=;, 7~ Eõ its i ~.,.t3. ;:.-', ~ ~ ..a.Ai> i i~SS=' ~,?i:'.#taL~2.~.~ i'C. ~t:#~m,.~~ is i~Fv~~ ~ \'[~~+.~f:tizr',i.e E:3ziis2~4''=ti ! ,.(f :,h`;E~.a::a'~Z'.:u}':''w:d 20 st3i?e. . ,.t 250 <i a ducch<?,i opp;'tsi`.k dh,..; ~f1he segment whi4 .3 f.;5 ÃÃct.
t'_Eei:;. as .i;
FIG. 911 33: i ..#"Lai.:? `>.'.E:3b3. ..3..Laat' t'+.`xC' sL:=g#rit1it C:ia:3. have i. ehqp?:: >41 .t:i ?nt {3:1?s'Z i.hzl:
wz?ulf:..i.5ot i>. the x.3.}ho{..i #:C1; `it.!f,'::'4.'d hntL`Ee dir:..ii+.?#:: that thZ'. '^4. t.{i,d.\ F.C:.s.

The Cm.t.,f;..:C'.dv~.. layer in {.o " iiI1. C'.Fnbf>d}:I3'w3'1t,. extends no 1rif` flh.a.i A.Z.,. 90 s 25 ?t fi`='?3,,3#2\. ; , ~3t'.i"}Fs3..t4F w;; ~.L; E.~3:*.~i3l ~~1i31 Ãi(>ii (G=.g. no more ti]:2:[;: ;i;#?1.t 801 -:E .3..orZ-' t..,m=`. ;:b.3u3. `.." c.. .`.1ori thti.3 <%bo:.ii 6M Uv f3?,) more E.Yil.l'}.
about :?0~ ..3, or a,L1 I?'wai. :htti:1 =i f. ~:' t A 4 r`5 2~2\i~~t z lnti.~'=L~. ~3., less ~.~;<~..: ...~3f'.?z ~~r .) .,;iE?:.;. . .... , .?... the i, ~:'.:?.` ,.~.,.f. of : ~#~~ {~?`~`1'"s':i;', ~f a r <) around t> `?i,. #..V,7ew, o{ = ,z;.fi. 4..1:.ii3l portion (~=1..<s. no l{.4s `..~3::~= about i '?'s3õ ,>i~ less ~~1..>,e .

about 501, ..5. .:s4= ,`t...a ;gEi$~;r. I3o k.k;'i i.hiZj3 about 70i's). or I'\? assv.:; ?b<3n ,:x%-~6:Y#Ii.
30 8011 .;3 .`...:.?t> ?.xS, pua#?,.e::w_# \'.f ,.:IS:, a?..4W ",]t`rrditl'1y I1`ri oti?<:I" se;.`-Lo('.d{:.? \ ;',y.., :..~ O+,:}n i ;tt .:?d ...b4Yi.{t 10051 "s$r437nCi #
h` pt3:I-I3C tei C?.i ":[i{, i ist;:il t4 ~~I. .t~;#s 2. i..ar .., ~..s T v +~ ~s a E~ v' ~~ '~ ~C.1` . . . e ` ~s ~,taylt,.. {:'~k:~'a3C31"~~ iR~'iI~f::.i', 3 ~.atL<h`.`. is ~..,,l:~.~;t.~ by <i'>.:?R {Fl,,i.?, iA3~4;
~. , .~ i,tZ:

m.`.,Lii ..._ +;: c. .,.. '.;? ;?i ;..L?a3o3 v pC3lyT.F#.C>i' 1.F t EiiG
distal pi?T`tlà tE` 254. bc :.t., rs,.:, t33ts i Iid, ... . ;;: F"t:.:i to x"haf'?ti:. the direction of the oift3.3ati;:F'.

~t S , t>?'i: ?fld' 01.> .:lt} w ai3.:3ti3t`# s t?:t~C~3k31A~`.F3~ of ~. ~~Ã
~=i41z?~E ~"<1:~.~ :4 : 270 ....i's u t3 p;? il},1 274 t indudes a shape #tit:lno'y ??3l?'1`I3ef Ah:t,t d..i~_ta~'#'.
3.?m e#3.t 276 of the [.~`.?;^:tal p'{),'t.Fo;3 .' = 4 :" :r. t.xtet`i~S

i;..E,Ã..#...,:1 y fd} t1h4 lL11gd: of Me[ fY;3{iion 274 and e;Yi;f?t3zs around than a 3: i>. +,..:'i:#.tlt..a.bF'e.ii.:te of ii#.:"itit.4.f p3i-tft)13 274.
>3S=he3? energy : Z ;:F'^':t t ,t3ed Ti`, IE'::e i4'~ _ `~ the ~#: , ~ ~ 1 <:~ ~ ~r\
Fi:,~:~. . ~.'s- :ifi~{Six?~:i ..,' 6 that 3^. (u t>3C;t ''#i 1`
~.i~#i`.tri#.~1.~e-w.tisv"lc-'C v'a '7 .~ . is iFF_..:vi:#t+:de.:#Iz.; ::3s.
.:,C,;i ,:, _v:s ;.'stL?Ai:d sh:;?i:, `,vhit',h 1~ t,:C}:r3tiY.S~t3f.k, \uE;=Il 1 h"A .'tt V"x i t #b:'i_t y r' if.fw.#F'd.> >t,V?3 276 3..i:1n:t.'n Mite$' i'f31~'' having rC2n<~.iÃC +` :"E lc 3E 3s t.f~d3blt:
S.. ..i:';..tLs #Ã.tilad%v3:~ ~h%13<: Ilit mF~:y pt)l1 !' of <.r.:i .?;; .LI..:#::.t, t>itM. ; of the s+-f23:pt.'. n3.ta3loI'y polymer can =i1,l4.; bt. F.fse . :+'_? iSrF'?A3.
s . . . . ,~ 300 ....3,\:.; \. : :,t, as illiFS~.7't3ti.Ãi'~ '{1'3. ~~' 3~~~ . : 3 L.u:, a ~:af?'~et.. ;.~tt'f ~ i'LStf 3:~~:: a .,t:: ip, ;::iu3o:`r' ;t'i\`glaci ~=.ilÃ:4=i: t:ti?c 310 ba}x?1g a fir~t pttztzoIl 312 ;4'#i~;

t,o..3d:;c6v4.; 3:13t ` .`.:'.G E?#;. an oraL=r surface 313 ViC'I'ef?.~, and a st`+.S:si'ld p:S:fiIo.'. 314 ..?t.hn? a cf`>m.t>4k'a.' a :oi , n ,N ou=:k`.'=F` m#1'R?l:f.31`_?: .kt least the .F `at p+.?doFA3>2 iZ::
~t ~~ ~ ~`;,. r ;~. ~ o- . ' M -{ '~ ~.3.~ ~Gt_.. ,~~t, l =t : 2' i:~F~:e ' r~tF. c ..:Ã. :~s3z : iL ~ ~ '~ ...~ie`=f F.~E:#~; '. `~ ~~S a i L.S3I3~1~:;S3a ~~3tY~
.~. :: '~ ,.~. st For L.'ce.FtI`_p..., li. h#"Sf p.s; i:Ã?: # 312 [sL the shtEp#.: ia:e=.~...
t `.; ~

pt\='Apiw. .<J.?.'\-'r wb'#..= .` 10 Z,an .le Ib#in4'd i)tLo a iTcx'E..in7, f31osIb: C%. other oon:[N 'iaS..o2.t.

i c.o- . aphas th';' t?. ,.;t'.+mt1 tgit3'E?I-#ghwh3C:bBsIde-aF''.+ fii},V, .
~ ilt L? T~ #:r 1 S ~ i3x? ~:f Ã..3.i?od:Ãi.fi.`.ra` .?e no i3.C'=f' thillrt i3i3C?at 60 p.l:I3 ` & nm :3#;gt.r thm#:i wbÃfb'.t 5e, llr3:i, 'i r1 a..::?i3~3t 4;3 aF.;?. or no lf3f'gL',#" ~=~'?:i~Ã'? about .?Lr gil"f across) snd;oi x3ff sr.3aHfNi' < ~i ."s ; .#L3 ti1Ti#.3~r4=f' t~i3:'xf ciE~ifÃFt ~ .~\i no :aa3t..~le?'~
f.~...'~ :1~3t?L#: ~~f,~
, .~!. ..,..F_ ;;} t3Lia ~;

~~
25 lo, 3. .3. :'f'. .t x `:#,eF ..z"i.ut 5:. ~F..T: across). The shape r'nmnL_3"4' } tt. g"ki`t `:ltCa: tu :?c i-F 330 , E { 1~~L#\ i%~Ew: a GS iFQS 24Yi:3~ 332 5i .. 2{ < $ ,}= )_ .?.. a 4<J.F.t:..F.~.+. .}.~t~ ~~..t.' ]t}~Y'1 l'~.~A~ ~~YKi,\-!..C#
4~1.:h,~.=Ã.. idt.u:{iL4'}.t).5 ~. .h\3\.v.~ ik`j}..i { ~ ~ .b.=c. t Sci:#? MSS~
3 Y t\
~..# i<F.3 :i k#.:~a z~~ 41~1 F` i.} ,.Y:si3Fx.~E'wii i [ ~u~.~ ` .x i:! a x.xt ., z, t~.~.?:l::i3~~~#3 I l'#lA~~, b.= ri.._,..,~ii)~;
~.~~'~'=C.i3.i'#3,,x'{? ~Ã,~>- 'f\ of ~:1a4~
Y ') , f~S il : t : 3 c~ ` #1. F
, of :3..a!#E FZ`s, i`t~,?t <3n? 4},35t~~t#.E:~4C?i7 350 in 342 (~:` ~~,~, z I .
~)Upon T':S ti.t F,\ i.3t)'.fkS3 a n :F:= E:aF:i . e. pro-yiF<t~,'d to the L:.;Fjxf.1hoS:::tivLz :YQF iM t t 4f by t '.e t ; M T t ; of r 1 ~' : ~~ i'~?::4? $
Ã'.a. ... . ...a F 3i ,.1 ~ ~74?t'~it:.#: 312 . Ea1L ``=", t} ~" Ã:F~=F 3~. i ~ .

s....:3e3 3 >. .-rii. 1 #:;;t:Fe .tst ~L.:::,~E?a... 3:~~~~~ ~Ls'~3,~.3d~~#':
.3i.1t~t:.sfrLl4` :;,3.s.? ~3.i';3t .3+>~~ >_.t?,.~#Ã:=~.~ ~sE:=i-3.~`.:-:~
#

A. l , . ; Iti. 1113, 7=;'I,.>c the second 2)i)rÃ:Ef3n.314 rcn'r<1iF..ti #.z:x .+: Ã.:?G f,affi:.Ãt... 33i.?.
ti:: e holes Id; first p()r{tlol, " 12 cW the s}~ aaZ+;. #:ur".%m:3 Z
y?t?::y#'?w.' :.,Wr ` zc 3 10. O;)"#.z}.i,dRSa i':3.., 360 h<:d)`E;'-, a distal tip 362 (4=.g . 4i:"i?IafLEF"Ci> if) be 1610 to bore i l` o.iõ,',h i bst3`uC$ii;f'; 350;# can i?e i'#I.'Z?di:tcC.'d into the { .a.~lo~t;i=
330 i ; ` :'S.:\.Y ~ t.1 \. ~itt}.i~~~ ~4 to ` \ =~.1~,.}d t){ t f.{
l.kisvL'~5 ~~ ~ C4..~.
~ ~:.~Gn?\)i: e . : ~7. ~ a vaF.f.~ ??~ >>~ t:.~ti..' ,330, ~~'..)'w.~ 1Cf ~
r~.,:
a..s :i f3 bZ'. 'mf_,. F_d1 bore t,Y ~: {f~ t i == ,Tf}1~~ 5'~: ~+')< a. `
the ,sL~i~ ` ~r .~ .. 1,>C, "+?i~C)a ~
~. , . ~ . . . _ . ~ '.i^.~#'l~iC:Ã. _i.. ...'caÃ'4~. ~i'~'?.y a~

E".. Y'cts .t,T .: t.>..., ==. \lfF<:. ib f r T¾ pus 354 Ãl `lii t .
'`....,~:.~~~~t: ~~ pass ~1{.'.~G ~ ~r~ ~,,{?[3 .t3 t# t311Ãõh i.,.S, hos1.. ,,. W <\.s:ape snSimEi?`tirp>\pmer iflÃ:~~~ tu[)<a.

~l. ~w d \e "s. ..~..\,.,v.... L.1.4'y iia > ;~ =~ `:.' ~ ` :' ;..is been c, G. .+,tr of ;=t3OR:lt.#it s3fc. Ão peI'tx3dE a . le.nt deBt:?'y de.s=ki`= to be .?. e.: ..Fa.f :~.t i`. 1i.I ~~.41i1 w.E ilar'~}lvl' iTft#~~:i~4I?t of t.i?i ?
t t l, t~3M ~3.<3~ f: 34.) ,= i`L
~

~ . ~ .~.~, \~~_= can ; . i:~..$ti$:'~~, i3i1(a ~ a `sLLil~')i,'==. ^ i~)sar , \ pol i ,,. S.~s::~F.,...i.,. ~. ~cf_ <:.< _ ' ._. .r3 t.:~ a .Fn~i,' o'z.C~:~s~~} ~
tri,. ).s_.

r Ilt.`f s,t.`t`w.?, can be o1M.7vaL r. to change the lmm2:n Elm 4`',Meizi: 1-3n.Ef k.

t ;,if# ; `.z)t: ;.. E.,:. .t; \`.?stmE..E)t.4i'> p.iTt.cac,~ 3 54= as tl;Lt, Ã_atL=t3 FIa.,. 111 15 . LU_,a.:F. i...ei' s:g. iF 300. along vdY~~ the f.'.na[appt;ct (1bJii L1i: it._?w. pc`a.'fti,:.e4 `5'`t, R:an then ~
Ã'i:'t irt~x3: Ã')~ \';õssl i1,)~.~.,'i ~~'~[}.
;sf;s2ps :'hU i;ev:.ci.'.S Ãimm"nGd" fiem13? utilize aShap<% :~7t;mi3i~ po;,2) <:', :s,.z.hi5 polySni.s,,.. .:i'aca.e..al ti,:.it c=c'xz# bi: if) rl first Shi1peand om be e.lt à bcaÃ~ ~ b2 ~'-õ E. <-: gy aC?, as :hmti).:3 ?fT of e,:f.'t tsy '?'3 .,s2:Ã.,õaf.. .., seG=L?dib> >hapf'., Ii-l Ri3TI1e C~t.''~

is E.1c'.:'?.,).;, :a,Z g-y: :et I)Leeby s)o polymer has a il.z.`it s.isc3pE:
aià a first Ãt'') ;e:3s`-;ra:FF"c, e>I>d can be ..sr,, ..li;d t3aJs'w,.r1.t. a ts:ffC::Ã"elit. ~Ccond \hiape upon hf,.t1:Ã:ig to a .,.i certain eia,bodÃm+t;1:s5s Ãhe i71kitF.:.'iiEl {:..?.4? further <3s:umke .
a zr.3.erx`'z shape `.pt)..,, to a tMrL> t4mpeY~~awre_E).i4k?'i.~ emm thl..st.C.i1nd ÃC.'L?.fptifatw,ci:".
;Sf..l 1~.~i {..~);~:i:~tL\fi:':~5+.;iss~a be .{):a.t oi`'~.3 :`La~Ã~f~C.L:, Z).. a fZ:Z),'~.~~~Ã~::Y x.) f ,~,:e['.~:ti.s s~l?~~1.:) ,. .

~ t \ Cii3st:
..
yi#~~, f-il;' ~7.llL~,) r.3.. i'1L .~ 'c2tii~ t~ ~, i~ :,:.a.~~.'\ a ~.,.. ~s:1~~.)~>Zd õ
s: ,..~#

)i+VP.= . l..g.f.;n, irluÃl.=na sf:::um,afbu'tnii?, ytari:::i.l..>::#. ds.-xt;':i2n <:~~:a~t?45:.C >~~c3ts~f::
.r ra3::>,.i.frws of these PO: Y?--nf.;,:s. hn some embC7dtmeI'.itsz the pt`'iL-me. #e ",.2tw,orf.al a t,.Ai~>i.: ; t t Z. .} Y <~~~t \.ar ~~*4F iZ~i)~''~ < \k..F3'~ ft3l~:3~.I3 ~:=.`~i3C."Y'...~ t7e ' 1G;.~3 2 ==;~S c1~t.. ~ w i. :.ivcS.~ derivatives ., ~~ .
i.'--t7~ , C. ~=

r i ~~:=,~ ..~av4ti Y i w~ L.` { y~
d'l.>:~
3,i.,L.~C,~~> . t?~~-`.~, ~sZ)Ei~~'v~`~a, o c< S ..a.:'` ol{, 2.lkt .en i?olyacP'X'l3r'iFidC'.s1 pt)"ML'llt;:ilt `f?Z'L& , .;"Ji',d.ic `~.?ini'`< Fs.~":,~~~\:C:.Ã~t. ÃZ..:5:'a~..:.~':,<a::.~ '...~,.~!?a-b'~c1.'~_a'~'$ LLt.:~~~;'`a`?, ,"~.)~3~~~`t ia~'~.4\iLLMi.?=,.`3 t :Z'~:#Sl:t . , . . _ . , ' i ,,.d~.LSC~r ~.::i;y i # ~~;~'. { _ , if$t73~::;. ~?t~I 4.~;~1~'i"5, ~.~L`~'.~"cLi~i7.^ I .'. ,~;t.lZ'~.31+.:~.s,- ~3<3l~'5:~tc~; ~.Ã1~:3.k~FQ:St.
?q:xY,",Xd:1dLti pi<` ' L='si?`bt.3n,,,.L'.4 pi'?'v'i?d'thZ?F'.Stri's..
Ã?<?l1 acCiE L.s--> p s ! `l'g'LC A.<F3('~M, 'o.,t 5:.,? 5.`fo 1 ' ,..of:im QS, 41.RF33.:S('t:'.`~i; d 1.'=d A=`ah}'e;i or i1::i xt.#ri.s of these pLI Z'niVr`. M, C'r: ~ z ,.?i =L:.,.~,{ .3;4 p5i>yta:C,Ã:%i: Ã??.c#ti'?"Ii3e 1:3c-lLliaes mixtures of natural and : 4i1#E.kS t.:c :? a 1 ytm <.,~ .,t 4 i'Ã`:.4 +^ x2:'i c.i..c::?ls, !E?C::
podymGn4.`=:~i.'<..L...al.sc.#.}s\ ,h..\<"d, 3 i: ;, <:?us can L.i".imp`.',., sL:leLud fÃC,na pfkly.i3C)ibt ii;:8:no..

r-z #jt~ ~L`.= .~3. e,,~.:~ dt~,}`~'; j'3cdZ._:?e` ~`_ ~~it?3i4, Al~.Ãl~=tr}"L'l(10..Ãc:r:r~C. '~_~}~~4s) ~~;:' t"~ Y`?i i#.i,'r..~
= _ ~:ilt~.. 3~ .~'~: <.

Xrfs:'=.r , ~.?.>~%'.i: 6lLbe::'n '~ it?1~`.~`~1`3.:~~
:C.iu~i.L':?~~tPl't~'=#~~~?lifr.fiiii.'="~i~ '2) Zt~1C~(v?;.':.~s S?~'t%?~f"~~
~4=, t, ,dt:nds ?,. 11 l,,'s.cVi?'Vi) : `p:?3 :,#ethyl1 ni:1ha c;'y~ate à PNAANMi.
s`ai`iz:'Ã1e ~tlti I*C3~;~L>1C:, bIw'#;'a&,~+. f>f pi3lS>i.ap;f?lt,tLtt?,.#L. .a:3d ~l1e first '~i:~.ti~9c t~ie#1~'E, is about xi?z?:71 i a:

f>.'fi~n , };3 .. 15 W to about 25 C or Ex'i?;.il abCFw 18 T' to about 21 'C"
f, t110 RG,t,M
#...>3~.c...L+:~ . .#i i?Ã about .` . t~_, to about 55 co~ S~ ~=. f~~Ã~#`z#i ~~i.Y=1?~t:t 42 ?~~ ~ti :'e~`.tc:.~~ 50 f' ? ' . ;Ã`
~ 'i~1~F12p~i s a+f<~.h:?Lat Et ##: C. i . `',~}~~(~ ~ i ? . 3,:; i`` y.I;~ c .: 3 ~<i. . .3.~.:sQi#? el1v.# 'tl ,.wu-o a#. 25:(. D. ~~. . t g.. 'flrfs1n about 100,000, to itbi}%.` 250.000 O?` #`lo'Je~
25Z+AN,s) to about 500,000 F?x more, e~g. i:om t,bo43t 500, 00$#;" E,F about D

INIIIW" Sha~~e Memory Pc~~ymers n}, ~.\Y .ib?,",~SJ<r iZ1t3:a}tV 2~~'. iiwe shape SSiVY2S1~'.Fypoiyi.i?4.A
j'L2 cap.s~b =.:i, Ut,..k:. `.

3l;`;Ã{~. 3? :,3 w#ihi.`. its ;,.t1E2tr ?' k 4 th_t'tii' lt?E#' fse. 4IA or :3It?>f aFÃI~e=i'::;3.

3 +.`> c?.._:.q.Fi.ta shape .lle:3iary rfS:VIT3e.'.=lp that is C:i1xpa:?,C.:
of \md~~~ th.a.-%':. A :it}e can .,1x..1w w.:i. .,si.#?L.r each ~"'e..l?'InZ' a daHc:=av71t trw'.`õtio:5:11 25 ~ some `~ :?r''e~. 1~.~~, :s~':li7iL~t~ .i #.: ~.':~~?.,2, the `,~i?l~'`#:`~:i~,'.I:t.~'.,.3.~'.t~`:Ia~. :~t~ 2 .'.`~`.
.~.. ~

K
the shape oi..: `.Iy p. ?lp::.:t' L`m anC1:L3di' a bciiL` st<:&maet,$ (11) and :~=~i'o dz4t.I,#:t tiisf:-~r~t 'F~ 1 1~ y =~ .~x i ~t4 t~t `t i '~} q~t {~t has ) tt}~= ~il.i~te~~~~~F^ fy4}
y~ }C{[ t <ll[~<l: , S \.) .tk.4)}' ~;s~L4#:tt3i:t-~.
iL...>.'~\i., Z~-- ...%.S:c. 4... . t.ksl.4#..x ~ri:~..~5 ~~'.T;~}t1'+k*'.63~Ci~6i..,f. i 5i~:~( i r.. ` . ~.. k ¾>_ ~ ' ~ L`Z C c I~t+, >i` `, s`r' can 1:tz; f~ E(tZ4~~:F' (L ' <:. least 1.i~ 'i.\ a<i t f~=;

,} Y.;e t.,.. <.: se and .?3i.~,~k.,~' Lw:~::~; r t~~t 3~Lc.. Ii~ 'f~~
[`:~~:"l'`} 5.~fi.~..Eõt~. LtSc t.,t.. a.'.f:~?s~Ci tiC):~
ii segmint M ,..:t: um1`=`.?<t ,;rn is h4',m(:d iF7 JtC.p 504 to a ~.4 .~`.~?<= .~~..5 E~.a~4`C' of <
t .~ ...~ :. ., ~ , shaped "t:; RcrfR es ~ rF
t: ~~'~# tE ~, ; ~~-'=:. .'#:~ iI 4~~' ;t~_} and is ~~#'i'3s?~.':~, ~i~A ~E ~?
f, ~.Cx. :
>?.<;>v a. ttal ;.., . ._~ .. the {i3.:i,.te ~ 2 ;~~~<3~?::=. I'I1i4 5~~,.7,i p=~~ta,[ t by c '-~~, to -~ a `~~Ã..
~,'' .~ =:?,z>2 s~; _' ^t is `~:.tf}.?:k:;: Fti~ T .,...,~.i?=
r_fiw=.2~L#.F.~~ ~'~'AL,t'~.~~~~%~:~"L ~E~S.~_S 1~?tf~ c:bt.S(?~~ ~F1':3fi., Cif #.h`;. . na :^{.?.Ct v...
i`~

t .,#?:` tI + ; ~ 3 .;.'# ;{f .il~ ~,s<~??~. #~3G`z'Ali?i''r p~t?i5`i^L:i `~c 3 '_`#3 +3 ~ ; =~<; ' .. . . .~` . F' ~.. ~. . . c ,4='~ ~. ~=t,. . 4E...Gi.s. (s.
l) L:.?S=~` ts,::L?i\ ~ .E....,i of the ~.lr~t~. ;~t sG.4~~F(.'Tl#. 4~S# #, i~Llt :~It eFve :j. lt 0f :i;( ;~~co,#.d w..~: SZ,=# i:."I-`it L:n4#lflE==s 5b:3p+3 . (8t1. .p '`~10i C:.M.. by CC2#. >3TCsSio{? i#:t#3 the \,~Ft -4L~~ r ~~.niw ~.t ~~ ,M1~j ~~~:[Li~}{ tt it~Vt~-=~} qA ¾`s r~{ r!o-aT
>> LW_;~4'~~~-E:a-SE.C#XV' }32 ( Li~li\i~~Z: j t.~w i~ ~Fai},~~ S,2 ` 512) E~\?i>J l.i~.~>t`\? .. i`~ ...: i,~.{~t):4 4co~S.~i.T 1... y..t Y5t.i~~ `4 ( tT..ne: > { \ 't 41(} 1.,S.L~ ).il:i) s3t5-+ ILtx~ j)i'¾ p /ay s Y =iYt {} i t > 1 i#2 ~~~~j Ap1'i..~ ~.~ i.~.~ 4~~~.E,+ ~~~l+,i ../ ~=-'fp ]Sn~l~l j L~?l-'v+.=2.~?. ~~`, ~.#e J ~..~~L.. _. {:4i ~ . ~' <.'??t?..3 =..J, 3Ttli=""~l~~l~z' ~ a: si1s1=:~p4 1..m-.;t> . i?oly1i?! }'ci vsiti::

p can '3l;~~? bc i.FSo i>i.

iu4:, ..lt ct?.'t.Y,.tc : e 2ay?_. t2eaCs only the pL`..don i i#he .\E4ap<l ,net:3CtI r' ~
"'..3:'et ~-o:i:tr J ( i.#xdL to a lumL~ cxtC:.lm, E.#L}1dCi{ls 4n.I-a:ed#c3.wl` .,14j<2Lei.1:
hti:?i?1#.t :?? i:{3,zic3ct.). I..nt:" }õ4 is p1ov1dcd to the c63ni.iEiC:tFi`e l1!ersa .:.4c:>: c.dG watE':=d i}o...s.ony of the :ei.}.'<.{;p .n.'3Tii ryEw~ymC:~E~ abovto Y ."t, Eg #.hC
S'L.l;i3T?L'.'aO# :sCgO?F,#_.s(S'T); ia: ,l~:a t~# : .. L z?t?'sdiy`i.ls .ho'al',ii f1'C.`f?~ the fi:'S. : h'c3pc tf? the second ;?h#.p, ..g t?ck .# r? .-cat:.?.~~. 3F.s#,:.Ik .#` ~}f~C3Ci.~1#'I~'.t i;#.1C:1'e` tl~
tiil= i.E?32L#~.IL.:T S= .a~ LF . ~~c3::~ ~E.C

..+. zti, s of I;14 .. SE soft `if:',~;n.i;v:l:e (S, ) and causes the Ah,:pe f??e1ni?::4`
~I`i.:o,a &i?n'z .#lU ~,eco,d sh#.3pe to the third 41ape, c.,g. a locked ;,YJ# ,.:1~~, j[~=.#.` "\t w1,.EV ?xtJ~.:~-7~~ cSia..Yn6s for R?nL4#tuIS.ii,:a} is.\!#d ltt`jt`'==.

a rmlZ3TiL'."' blend of %i fi iast. ita:+ffiblxLk c{9pi;E' noa" a#:d. a c } {~
C?.#:~.i.. .~, i:.i# <~Y~'~~3,.~~e'i i; can `.3+.; L3:i 1.?i:.~~, Tt.~
.~.#?:~i. ~i?..Iit1~~+l5)~:~F1 L;'+.?po yn:,:':

(14 ) w0~}. a #'ei:3t1vi:-k' li1vi3 t:'LIilsTt:io#? 4 T ts:E # i . ., ~ ,, . , ~cõ
cs..#.....,#~,1~ i w: . ~.Ã.i??:.Z... .;z'i. {s- ,?~'IZ~`t~il~,'. ~
ctY..~?.1~. ~'=rs a soft ~
glass , c:#~t-'. .~.#rf+ \~:= _ ? 4::-~ (t ,~# '~5;~t''? a #._.:3 :1 ;>'.; : = ~.x4 :~.~ <>i3i~ #1z d~~i~;ii3C~: F:+1m'?{?1'ira.4i includes Z-1 d#.f'-16'o.?. la<3.i'<#
se.#..~~:'#''-0 (11) wIs h a d?#:.; veiy 4,T4y and the tic#:L'a'#e .=T..ifi \L=nl3:1:w (S{; ) cfs, in t3.`o t#r-q #.., 3I .,`, >Y..,. 4:<3i us bi:?E.i. S#?.ce rõie : LTR seW7wI1Is (Q .#2 bi?th the f:. s:. and second ~-..?Ci,. . .~ each ~ A?..~~..;=~~,E35 .t ~.s.3` <~3 ,=:s a..F.E..a..:~.ILi#.i., t}li. ~~i?.~"t ~~=`..t,d' 'cl . ao.~...ix:t~i:=1~3~.:: ~#:I-."i. `~.u.~3~.l.t::i`..
'.~.i7:i~:~
.3,x;,-nt has d>Pce i: .?;sit#i?rl <:t-I7ptir?i'll.l'm C7i1e l'(?: i:ht ha1'd se_ .#.cnt f th=3 of the of ? ~i.~Y..~. :I';!.##il ,e.~
: >:`: ? s,#3 i.#it Lk '%,:i?pt', vil:or, o#:C:-fC:I hard `-E;'nln1:i i (¾1.) 1#. ' `~~, : 4;3s:. `s3.. <sc ~IC.
i.i'p{'sl't= ;t~ct.<, i. `~ i,{~ `~ l.,~G?: fdyr fl-:c '~x ~?~'~;~>

: the 1z'TSt t47i#.pLi`atI1rL~ is from abC?iit 40 'C ko about 75 ,= 7 ;., s...`: 3..`aiva 55 :'(. ,o a:?C?`'.-#t 70 i'{ ),tho Sl:conL
tZ:I7pf..d':;E.i9Te .s ffi-in :~CbE?E.`i: 377 ,{."
a.. ?E 55 `C il?.;;`# t. ?t?.3z 42) C to `r.:b[1ut 50 ssC)s 1:d .he .h::'-d at 1:i> ?C:..`:i#ti- F ;'{3TI# k1i:34.34.it 15 :'C to i$boL,t 25 ("; i3r #?in?'~.#b+: E#^, ..i T~. o ?.1 21 :`?_ ;, 5 ~
j,.?:.~z~.?a+~~?~.el;~yt~+,~C'sL, C:~`i'~~i=tita#a H2'::c (.)#. <a'A`1.

P>),`;z1:Lis orpt.;`= .2:?3s of i.ia.c 3ol.j= fi3E''s, mg,, a pw\%n3oi' Sa:Ã'.i~Ti.LnL (?> bb,Z =k i~w1 b4.`.
+ +.,~~:it~ac ,>~:, z;.ca.~;:f~>?L aa 5. 7 a,'LE#.4.:.

N.,::; a3 :,olt1`ii.'E`:i or :'3t3lyma:':'.po ax"':ifSal:i 4tl`vWda;., A
:.x4:t23ple .`.e.lii. E.cdsos:3..
1c'ruial .'..rotJzx`"en, po:y4t?.cl;hur Sdcs., pf>#3'ahyal. rwfic e.ii,,.ad.;

;i>allc:ito" dc:K..trc3Ia [.S.ilE2a[35e i3<:3d S..)3bg .. ~Y I¾h.::):{;
_ a g ~~~` 4;:~.+,,. h.3:` ~ti`si j::ite:` r?i?~`~~..~~.s i:ns.l~?i?C\ eil~Z"
L~fta?~1i~~'~#':=. ~.e~C:'.dI`+{C.i:~.I 5.3~::1 av.aii~v os ~~F{, S,:'ls #aw,:f:.:i):.
~
a; ~ a.m r:.a,.L..t3s'~Ã::~~~:~~. = ,:f1?I~ ~ ": Nz~?~`~t +:+:.:
,-n a+~3.:..=t~?s~.~ '~> +~~ ~.~ ~~SF~.~v`~3~I(i;i~)~l3l.~:lx c~x~.+~?aZr po .:: ...ds )iriy;.34# yla.f.es po.Iy.dlk5'~leneS, p:'}i' aL:F;4'li$inl.dc,, pai. +;wa? k.,`.e `i , ..plhflu#a+.:ta.` i'?olyZ 3nyi GthÃ;rs. PolZ'Z I? 4 l c4i.Lrs 'cl.i'.,ar p..tly. ,1-cõ ,3.?,ade.:, ~t5 y~.~. ~ C;.?i?~.~~ saL~i;~:i~~. ~~kti~ L,.`.=~.',~~4 D'F,`=grialtablS., po7.y:aaOx`,-, or . . .... ; _ki. ~C\~_l~::'~.7... ;;a?`; 3.i.i.
;'3;3:`iixi~?~'l~~`~~aC.ti. ~i('}.`+t..i:'~'E~~)'~~a`,~..\;
~'`4rj.=.'i.~F'~z`.C,`n..t:.:G=#"~, , <) \. :.. i..cs, a' _ .. ye :>:des ,3olti .i<c~xallos, Polt uret. macs and ..a{ .iu[ , i, any t)l tta:;= above pl?lST21o:Yti can b^ during .h5,..`.z)' Y\ .: 9. ~a \:[ ` ? ii~.~=.. :.E t, #' t~~j= 2 i Z `atY(il\:Il.at.3"1..~
c3~3.i311 1~T 1" xTl a secondary 4. ~-\f..~:\. ,.3i:~ ~ ~~~
; a :z<3 ~3+ a,=~;~:.~.. ~a rS`r l.`~<3s.~,:''.t:. ~

be : ii: ;''~. D~: 'ir\ V
. f ni~~.~?i3tii)a~ qs1 c'i`s G ~?L..CL~?~,õ Z =~~y ,_x.~'t?v'- i.~2c'c-a'a;"
n,~bd by cl~.~'S.s`:i1. o? ::

r :z,.c3~. < "\~ i.f`~~..-=~sS~~x~~+~ i ~tI a,~~i1':~F, <~
. ~~:a ..~:...,i or i ~ ~s. a~R ~~,Li~. v+.:~::.~I~:~71#t:c:e ~.~t.: ~`~'C ~~.
La azo o. 1 npi u#"s..4 t35 ?S:..iSideq t. g. OFIgckn:14<Ip+,E(3x1dGs, e.g., heivoyl }?L Ii`a.;d: >;,i:t'd) at.tia 'S 't t l t( l' 111o S Y "9 l i tÃ:~taa,.;.ta > ~ ~:,\. t'ii~`: i~.~yZa3~iEii_e F1~:i~' the ~~C3ly3.C:.. ?b~
.t ~ill sl<3is ).;. l.:.mG to 3te }:; ....,}>..:...?.:,,; a`.w:ed to r.kh,...a.(: t:1.t?4:hiOk.1n,E?. For ii-bC.a.a? I'..,d?ca:7.i Y, an L'..CpC?4E::rc t3f abou:. ~.r?Z~ -~,:'~i + o ~;_ , ?.~vY~,?l~~y ~:[~y`s, t5~~i4=i~ilJ!
~~r4}~'r'~.~1G.. `t"ttia~ai.6,.it.'~?a~sl~=iC?4:>3~.:35~.~tat~.c:

block C:=i?poly7e:9i..tsõ and blLt=a':Ci.s-<t: b...,?'t di..,.c..:?bLod by Latlgi'.1:, U.S. PcfwTiE Nos. aS,..:

, 20k0.' ..nd in <~. .z Ten;] >g i: S. A~?~~.~xic<tt)ot.~ Scri,.., 10. 11 M:,'' 2% Med t3:t De::..

25 10, 20\ p x::Fs.: an. t...1.w kit.fa~ica! Dewi1,:C.S. 1n+'.L Moffiwds Of {\a un.: o'F'w.{,..rii is h~.a+mby yiS1~ oo2,eiod`A`i ii i`tn d.n ~1.s {:~i~1iy1"S~` ~r a on, filt etgv- e, LSay~.~rs 5 < S S
_ i 7.~<ai..i:\b i.:fc.. ..sc:?a .'~~:\.l.'.ii:.>a:~=t,.~.:~G~yer iti~i ft~.a.~.?.\~?. 3f~:~~~~i of 4G~:1a<?:~.tGta.~=S:}'~i:~.'>~iiYa t f j ;:,.,~...+:si of fi3~#.i: ti..~.3:t`r.'= >n'G''Yi1~)1`1' ~~C+~i~'i`~`al:T' ICs 3?t . ~;~i~ %3.1:. Fi>i~~i :~.:~ C:i lZr.~~~%a' : c.:., wt~w~t.~i;ia.'t'`~
~. ~'i htl~~~' ~?a`+..'a~l?t?r'cf ~~:t .C;ei::I ' .. ~ <a:~#l~. ..'i3:-:~.i~..~..~ t~iL S:.'~~$G.~.'tY\ to til ~e..ti ~..t.~:? ~

:?P' :)S ~ ~ : .i~~Q w~,~3~'S'. l:i)~:i?~C?~''i~' r?~'?~.4 ~`Il~"=.a'.

Ls.?(S: `i \ ~' a '~~ ~& the [i~~? \ ~w~~~ it ,i.:4.='~:~~. ~ ~v~.'=~.~s4 y a ~t.'-'w...''~31a " ~~ a .i~_f s;~'. 3 .~= ~,`";- ~.a~LCa ~:iJ ~C.4`3a~~1r a C.3' '. ~.!'~,4G : tf onnjy : ,... . ,.-;cs the s>F ..:st.' f ..t;F,:3Z?Ay pf3lym[:s lliixw..iai.
FoF' e:Y...,:3p;e, i.,:,e cE3;,z:;.c,I4 e 2c ti >-.. in 4:...>o c;I:i:?oCd.#F..S;k7.~'~`.
ri.'f_:'fyl'v_y GjeE,..t. n`i+`_`.~al L=flf:$"i?y .? aafa CC F::vei'tk `L}?i .t \ ia ;: ...4 t;ilsj4 is i;t>.1d1idJd 10 t:?e ..i3'c=:pf,:'#nw1 o"y ;-e.Flc`F,3o ....:3d 14'1hii::h t g .Fil:: ...` ..~:~:: st,`.,?i.= ;.~l~:ti3~'t ~.?.si:\~:i:ifl"?cItE:1"1i~i, :? , a?:', c.?..ldi:#fy.3vfw li3 v<#` ?ndzFd's one Eu I11t3To E:=C?I]dudEt q l-i?r ext3.i3Fp3e, ~
L,,~.~~:#;4 c i. i ~.#.k. ,h`4`i`"lu:Zy L:C3#?dl.a( i.vt:`, Jn'tS.tC':.4. Ii-, s13A:`i`r.'... 4i Fai.Y+ExdF.mvF.ts,; '#:-it;:
:'I'.+<3m6's?l is not a shape .na:.mC7T'y lI3 atS.i'ia3 FFls~.ft33 =,`i1 .3s'=F't. ia.i,~ilc, .r..:Se;nple:I;' +
i#c.. . . 1307 , nf ra3;. gFa.i ;_Ft a;' gC~ld,. 4 ~vm, platinum, t~`s#.`wst:.>i. a3 tE, :^(#r s.,.#.:;.F

li.Ot.k.i4, earbi~:?ii, a,.id C..t:},.Ziu=L::LI've inks. fIicb,1t:1;}
vmb'L.1mL=niti, the F~ c,~;k. {? , ~i\'.rai i t't.eF' f;3.; i\ aE. ~ "~ a21i3F`` ~.~1i3~~.
f.~3a3~dt .. ~~ 1. , ;.1 .~3S t#.._., 3 F:F7::
~~.,_t.,.iC.. t i:= }. L#` ~=.~. i ;~
=r is ~L.''i ~ a; sõ1r f \, i"i ~~ ~!~~?~ >~~ so as t(?'ni3ill~o~l7,s ~\-gr!tv, t= i} ,hwJ`s $t1L`=
~~ac3~. 4 xti~ i~ii~`~:
=.~-~P t2.:Ci. t;,i f f?

,'Ã3 `= ~ ?..# `.~:' 4 is Lf;::3p:.et.: changes shz3pe. In 5<`.Fne en-Fbc.?dimet?Fti, `::1\. E:=f;-nd"..t l.i'4e.
"!.. se,.efv: ,-?m?rtii.?:E?h of the s}.?aipc 1:1oyF3ibF'y pt?ly# 3er ts,3 activate w.?~ tb'r.a.t'!
.Oj' ': f1> .ho sh#.pik: .Flf,:#?o` \ QyFr>i:=r (c.&, to activate no n,or~:=
than .,i.`>i.'F....

õ AT 305), a?: 10 tflht shape A.ii,'t;1C?I'c ptJ:ya'F';,m' sl.+:-v-c).
+i,i.iti, the ~~Z?, )d.#G.;ve ...i. .j à . . . 'I'i $L.w`:~ .>~I:F#~ 1' S. t~~.f_ h k +,..3~Fti~.n r~.\ty ~
~ti:=\<,; ~ f ~ k'.11,<i.a.. e.:,~ `i _ ~ ,t , ~i,a.,. ,.?: 3\ ~ ~ t z ~.

k i ~tf . ~ t, c > iE r ~=' t ,, ~t ~ ( .)ES .E, ) ..,k~ :r LE; t7, Efl 1t~. ?r) of the shape >2zzIYf`i"~`
~3~;, p?'l+. F is #..S:Ckng-o` Shil;?C.:
Mediods of ~~ aking i.i'. s,r.c?, ;~3~.F:.i4?#"\ ~ f3#~`1..3L-f'~'.`~.tii?~~'`ut-F~.`a t~L,~C=
F~?#:i~ herein ~:,.t, ~3~: }f ...3'te 3S' a a,,,~~vo 1? i.:f:=l.s,#.:li;~liuJ, F""i?r Sõ`:<1:T:E~~.C:, ~S:I~L= SMP sti-3,lctiirC.t can bG hoii..eif by tx: Nw, dFifJ d#ngg - ci? FtT~'lZ:I~ig t~3S.t'aa35S,.~~:?# õ:SiÃI~?, F f., i:l c #..ki ?xF .`~~}i , t..4a ti,ds] F . I't?TF3:F.d b' IcitiS.;`i ilbli1tzs3n s;F` b' ;t?Yi:::ng ti3t. <$ pc`>bu?C:;
#., .h~,, ttiii}> 3s .3.t:si:'I.`.fõtlbrL as t:lQ'St-nuotL1XC31s TFIE)lQ~:C.`d. WiwFzfl"#.d..'. 1taiF:(;t#.F#e =? <:':r~ r.o be of . 4i.#~.~xf:~t . ~ : i::' \ f?t:1~:2' f~Z.i ~ aZ7#::t= =~, the device ~:}3~. can c be ti: ?.~3~~ tl, ~i,.3 r ~ Zs ~ :3y ak?~, a~ t ~`::~ .`. :.~.. ~3., a t ~?<~, : . , = .:: 3i s, or c~:~~~'i'~.~j# a::i#.'9 ~3~: ~`#of.~ b~y attaching a si.:sip : A~~4-n3~ Ã Y

to a poõ#t; ; of a i;o. ic+,.. a,S _.# as a t:i:f.thf'.k+.r, d:.Q by idllvs?w or wel? :lg, such iAs b~rirt 3v2:.t.di:>:-.

:.3.:: :.\?ndi.Ei:=,# ri.- '3i:iy . \:;.i.l tiFi:so be`s.:pp3iL=d i.~?y c'Fv,.wiF.Ey i!f teS .i itipr4, :iio4h ~, e~ s~,'~:i # ,. ,:E. .ii>s t ;:il I~i3, ~:~'w'?i:'tF'i:~~3lc~t1i.~.~, f,.~t',~,#siutf:i; sA'~ ..~4 :F~.t ;::i ~.
2 .f ..i, .~.: , . .- ~-r\ ~ a,l.f:3? i :., tt..\ , r~iIs. * ~ 3 ~ ~~"%i ~7tt4~; ~ ui 1.i3~ ~t5 ~s~. .
; 4ii : .:~tv,# '~ ? # ty~ ?~` f_f?' ,~.F.: ~?'? 1$~iti> <. .i~:Li<o ~]:.?I-~ ~3al~~l:F ~4 ~x a.irm;` `d p;kF'.s .+. th4 :,lt:ei E^ c;>iL``aA3't' d7_I'(#i.Egh tht.
<]j:3pU<:i:tds:3i1 of m3+,.L3 b+:'-ild.*. The t i ..~ Et~ t ~i ~ ~ i~ F 4 fC3~ ;.3~A i~~ ~.`ri14.=F nt? ~~ ~.\~i l,~a~~vl 4'i,, ~f.`= : s +33 :4 ~E ~t? ~f ~~uf ~~'~- 'tF$ ~.ta.. t: ~ +

i.`>

`.A$F..~ :E.t v. .> il.,i...k'1'f~ ~.~I~.Sa.;'''::[~ ~#i.<~'#?= ,.vi~ shapes of the structure. I11 certain ~t.I2F~:?<2C~#`x?3i?f.it,'`'s.
f.>e a t? 3.),,,t:=t#` t. h~~rC:F has i'(Y?Z.d'"~;xF'C~zS :lr'~.3E;iw or ~.ft~a t,~' '. ''-~?ll[s 1E! i;tyt~)t ~ ~ 1Y 2\ . ~]4(A~.`V.'1.

.,;:I,. ." 7 2#?d.;? .I:i.y of the c(5F?lF.IC:1,ve lr:eyei'.

~:?>a~Yt?t.~?3.'.?C.isr;?7..aFl L.'=$L=otF tead fiontact .J l59catC.di.:-F or Z1-...t=3o '~=t;:i?~i..~.={.a.'.~'x=
..
#;t ( to . (:i;) ,..r S ~' :iY 'i~F i3i3 s.F`i-..i::~~ '~C)l#.T~~Z:. ,~F7. 1~.~.I(F
~ F:~l <F.1~+ . s?v?zi.. the ~- ): . ti. 'L ~}~, i=`..~`.i' r i~ < c v<)at:iii( is r.s.3??~,..:3F:(i;F .:#~..t.e n'~, the rii~i~'Z:
C:.f?a~Ii.F~.3fY lis I#;E~~.I'vt?$1~11,~.~.~:=C~ to ~ ~. layer 0` t g , y {i~ :t~i s.`?rle so.4z fcZ ';.3.`mL41(i1.1t th~.' s:'okiduct;t= e 1111,aYr`.... 1"3'.~'. sdF rgl'i.` t';f'c`ic?.1c F:vz;F'.
''`' r<> õ=. '.L~It)~3.' ~ , õ Y"
<~3 ~` 1 ~` 1..i #'g.r?+. and i3C~.l x c.r.: F.:I~.tl.lg?~r.= st.s of t~]E.
'~~~'s..~?t: #1?C:=.i?WC}~' ~:r~)ly x ~.~i,;:?'. ~.:z If...#lE?lfle i.#.F?i.,.t?.,].IIeai..d iS4::Cie.Fctiix ls_:y4õ .I. can be uffl#z..t., r3n ck':J.: oSf4. tl. 4.:~.4.i. to si:pG?r:.Ft<:=lye'F10-rLFize l::.i..6,.la s2:=f-t.fii#.. T.?c v..ii??l.Euv. F v4' ~ .._ ..x.3. ,?.,.sE> be :?1S..dm?,.'E (t. ;`' , Wha Ilt}ll C?F#i~~i~~#'M`4 ~
t Y~ I2IC_I" t?# ~."#'<?oaFl~"Si$0:.=r) to <
it ai,n, e..c;x le;4w ti:? bL s...lwLtI~vly m7erk,'izm iI, L:C" t..d..A] a',mbE?l:3.vnu, t..ifwti:(11:1dtFC:d4'f.. layer can $t?caF;#dc .??f ,i:'#,t C=~St':t: !~:~ s Y 7 ,t 3 The .#r i:?~ i].. t,._ degrees of .'=(~SA#13F:#i;:~C~#?rFt~`. =.2i3?'.ik~~i.t a?aa.#:~:i3..s:~ f:~i:iii ~,v . . .. . .4.~ .w. 4. (dpp.i;-''.(.. ph?kda:;.iti t3iir:} .. s...iape rnomt?#''>' pt)iyl ieI' and be o#. , c,' Z 't cm`t F?(';>t .ollt one :F;<Jw 7;._ to d#_G t#.fti..F`n<#.rtf. FIesFwIlal. 1.F #.t F~t )z #tw `a2k2i<:

.<`: oxcd ;?.a'. ..1 w: {:#,.e..>#.i: s Z"~~"IcLs t?: 1+õ~rsi a-#?i..`., [F?-1.l t??.#.~i difl+.'<i'eFxt . u:e:L.'s of 1-.:w:3I.3x#:g i#. .. r t.F3:;. _ v;::ki.i be pL`L>v?.iki3 aFyF3:4i?'1gi3:.'.t.l6..Z.iF=F.3dC; Rir a poF:3;,Ft,..~ of tzme x-i~ti`t..C:nt 20 =',r .'.,. . ~c~ra 7`cs.lC~ s.?r` one ? .Z . g i. 1A.sf ,, i2~:.:;` ,s..
.~,sC.l'l~ .:~F~ ~fA...s .+.d .~L..;..F.~. t.'1~ ~~.(::s}S. #:F~?.F:?~ .\=' 2-.w?471^<:.`.F= Cl~'`~:~'1 t~~ Zx-~F. a..)..h .?.1:' fj s~..?-,3e w.Ui,1i;}~"4 py~; ,?.> ~vF..I=l#1i~; by ~ ~~L' t:i#F
Sf:~t:~l~?i.~.: ~.`~ C~I?d~.FE~t3~=``v Tb; =I3tv .#... _.;#k. Y.t., overlaid #".. .. ~:<) =J:fw44~1cG= :wi.~..i.}21?~~~.
rJ?1.y re\(td.:S\ moIetF.)lF4 .f'.L.+.Lcdn a sahidVlkl(?Val tr)iit.t! \ate the s's t y }~ 4 F
fi, ;'tv-c. 3~~:F.s. a .~~t . ~ ~?:i~~~'F. t.~~#:.#2?fsi+ #::i.{.I?. 3?~:
s~t#.~#F~#'I.:~~~:+.F2. ...?:~: i.F\f- .ja. `..I4 d i3f.'.e.i:t ,.m..t..;#(<;hs Lal.>I).EF"v =b1 ~~irt:z, fo#.tr, t'#vdw'' 01wC>ri stage 5h..pÃ: ~ ;<` 3~f.G=~.

,_ e>?3.>31?dil:3`IS :t`,: i.hi.. shape F7i4$'?-toi''y polymers >3.ri:', i?14..o t`.3s3n,.t..=d. into 0 inC.d?i ?. t.ev%t t L'.=.g, ..F#i, z-nk;de uIF.1i.I?"y with j)Tt.b,xItit.Fng medical ds i 3.-.+.;4. .`ISI' E tc..F'x?Pi:':=a a i L.Fz..-:fi .~.r 4::.i:#. I:;. s . I3at~z?.i~7k`1F3ii.~L'=~.9 1F?to f.llc i.'.c3:}tt'ti:Ã'il#c.i.Flw`. ft'~ OfiF

..ca#.is.;:.#`...ld 1#-õ-.; sh.IpQ .'li:m=ti.Iy pE?ly#11C:1"hk?ill:3,,'~.;=4:t'E3:1dfzcfive ic?cor c:'`(3 #eig less t.>.F#i 10011 of d.<z shape roeI 3oz'y PoiZ`i3'I`v,7` :i.#:3Ea th-u\ capable t?: aS:M:#v..tz.;{y r.`~~ th:3:t?
30 10011 #;,,cF.`(?:~ "x;ft'.i7Fer. IIl sL?li?e eYl`#iL3<)dll:?:t;:Izts. .,hw h.#apo õ : +
,C~t~:l, .~a ..?..a: = :~ t-i;.~i ' .t.., ').lt.,?: `u~~c.-.~..:Ff. a.t:,Y :E.L. `.a.?:~~. ..`s #l~:l;tka`~tk.3#'~.~.E,Z~. 3.i-#~~:i? C.Lri~:t,i, \Y ~ P,~ F:<?~~Fi.,L=#` E1ds. ' ~'( ( ~' . =#i.:tfC.Ã` and an outer a t;i')I ~ G#?i3 f o an ~ f . F. ~:
.:(: .... i:i.:
hi:1~~:F?'=.

z~

.laZ%e been de:i3:#bi:C3t. :;1.q t.lsf.` ÃnR'i`n t'}i.t#.s not N~?

~. ~Wr.`d.

#..-l s<.#`n.s 2"?#.n1`: n#S havfi2g mt>d'i:.~ li0.#; one discrete S~~4a1 'pii: ?m?
b. .~.: <i: ,=lt.it Y#t..>4'~. li#Vw' iht=d'e+.)n :hE% t:o?'1dE3.a1vG= I 14`r . S G:tF-i c.?f:h h.c,i c= f:3 3q ?e3:di:iw, w#`_C's c.lhi3Ghod to $l1cIii to p? o-,.'`#de the energy fE?z 4Ei iic= c!Ã:in~
~
- '~YV =~' , ~ .. t Z. y: = .. ;n. ,i,.a. i7.i 31s =:. 4 : #s 9~ , .a`.r`:~as over s3 ~,R~,<:~l the Ãt)i1C~taS ~.'~..'c{ w,titi L~ . a:al~~ : ,:~ i~C ~ : Z
~ ; ~: ~, .~..#~.#y~~.. conductive lc] )'t?~i L:ilil ~'?i'. 11itS:t't=C)22?'xLdt,d by d1#.n s:I?i?s of ....`t.d ut.h võ ::?t 4r s#."tr.... that a A:1We ;Hd i:3l- wires can ons.r gizL .T:E.#.bp.e ',:::;`I3dt#t::d:i= o Iayi>x:l's;

;` y of sw kst . .:.~` ;;.::}litra3;~t~'is described above ~:. iI'#.ÃiE.i~,~
.31;?~.5, {:~
tt d~?' ~, ~~hi'.:t# the 3z:lei:;lhmkSm is .i">? a 3F;'s:kcd {=E~ 3~t x ~: ~.?; i's.
permit onC. `c.d:: of B{:. `.ilfi:Lvta to the other. Alte:ni3c.#.fiv#,'iy or add.i#:.}n<F.:l4:tbe \I4GV4~s ~i+`~ I~~Z. L.~ i ~~ ?'::~3~~t1;I~i?+:~ to expand ~ ) #p~~%~?.fY-~
v`V..':I'~.`+..;'r5t~;x. i`t`:..;..
:x 1~ i ... ~~ i''l ie.cof,. .C.t}v# `~.~ l..ie"a .l i...::'_+'L~~.- other lt}6.:wH..'dns for i.ili#.Lk ba J}a.3ss.

: ~? : ,tt~.~'.r.`. +~~.ci:,]~~?i+.. ~+:~:i~~: #ti. 4i.~t~i7G~
{:%Tl~)L?Ã~z~2::~:i~~4 ~~1~. S~~~i~w= `. . ;`t?I ti ~3?J 4'T~.t:??' .".3' 7"l'JG:1';iL crCl.:.o ~ '' sL<%t;l>`$? ~''+.~t 31' Ã _ ~I . #.`i 4;.
:~. =
e e,.. ~~: c... >.
..'ti,l3sErsi. i.aEyis we{'.=ti..3n. is IeoYl c1rt:'.{#.lar. Fi3. e.k~~~ ~?.
:.: tho SN:112 afi a :}t, a,..h~ ~`?.cs?i ` ~ g ~ +,.~' A~ 1l;.gS.ti.#.ln E.,~. t) . squi:rt.
t`E1.TSZ1`il, ~' G ~ <3?~`E?I?..a or E.s.:,~ ~, ~L~t~ti . ~::

~

caa~NlT-~at Y..r ~.,.35 a~ ~ k.{,:ti t tIw >4=sC. a; r ~;.L.Z4:~ tÃ.t:~; ''~
t.i'#. t=.~. ..~s:: r ils..~#Z=~i_#~:~:=C.
k _: ?~2= _l~. s: #1.a..~. ~' ~3~L`'.~~. <1#Ti:'.~=.

30 z,+ad3.JiY ?ft',:c sa.ti?i.`4 .7n.:~z#.oiy :?fr"xI1-me#`,,Af,.ti:t.:ffGÃ:#3#:1 be nw? L#`.c1.1?c2t'e~~:;~~t?GA.`=> or .S. tl-l+: wall of the 5h:1pe'r#?enl?}-rZ }rtE.ily;.?LF

a3 some canbodl.lfnG.IIt.`.+: x,.#.e wall fl.+..il:d4ds ..i?O'.$. :h:#'#I t!I-w >oa a a#t. f#ii,:31'2~~.
;si yei ?' .4 i`.=e .#,ti;

i~ .'?l?õ somi` =i.?,.itsk:f os have been O1owil 11-lf-it ti,.i3nc,..an:.
, ~
< n ;~-e:~a...~~,~i ~y, a~; s; tE.~, ei'?#:~tji.I1ts: t~3+~. wall t~~.iCk#1i.Ss:iS
I?. ., wC. 1r;: i, f_mp1'fri4?U.a. lateral flexibility :~ i31 t :~.i`'.=
. .., .
.
tiii'[#a#. #., ti;:to be cas.aivio-S3" dlrC?{7.;õF~~i l1.i1tAG::I]w 'u.?#3d4u.~ifics, 4iih h"~Om < i .<i:~~~. a : +i ~ Sr t#"~ ?ci:'z f:;a'.:r ;' {1`'I. ~ i :i~ :.3:. :~~?:.:'t~ '~..~.+õt~aa4-~ xs shown 43~%ii ~.~ Ci~ , ~~~ ` .a,:'..~
a '~;b#l .iicka}est, in t}1L wall ?liti.kne:?s is ira.z~;~Verse'Ay nm''.-Qc<iIs';Ya:'t#..
kv..3..is_ the ih,zp{ ft s.nE? `o' po:y-2naa.r Umt are d:.sE'I'{bE:d c3;?ovG.
...;"L', it,..ivaoil by ilennal i.i 4,T :; 4+..i.t?z#i G;#;,?(?{~iI`biCl{L~5 i?i}.1c-r forms of iaf::t' y; 3= g ho?Ã !`_`nati'+, ~Gli#

i?;) ,'L ; the :3 , l,~`?s `:3.`l?~~~Z' ~`?fll~~i~:L~'. ~'~k 3`i'"1~5;: 4..#.y3F is .~.i, ~:i:ls<., ~.~~:

l<3Z,. `3'::~I ctind4..crt ti-xi, aI.+:.rnY1tr,'. k}"rIi-i of o1,Lt.Ã;`~ (?r w.I z L..zrF.\&.;T: wu~w y p_>7 i 1<I a x.3 :.~.~. t'i1i?ii at tt vv ?yQ3` 13'ECl the i}i.tematf' fi3}'131 o;'e #qgZ' 'A _?:{o d>i:= Al_.Pe nie3iÃ?rti' po, yint:r-coi1ti3.1n1n'w? dlS.:F:I3i,Ã,ts il;:v. ?cL="I) described zs s.t.+,voS, `.}fC sf? } t?:: `~?~?. s?`~;.,`_ ~
polymer ?E' 1?i tt2'G ~:E 3 ` a3t ?A :~:, i l4~:L and .~i " need not 7t_ 2~; '~a +.. t3z, k`' , r~

4a .~ l t`:~?F: e~? }r t?: i3 Sy i ;e%C, 3i s3-:q?L` :F'i'I1 z7. i' p I' ::7?i'7 structure can .E~i;-Juds: one or ill.ol# pon`io.1s is:33 1i;t:<
C ' .V.^,{ .< ,Z, sides c" )m. ~ie ~ ~ Y Yw'~ :~~.e,:st : t .~<iv~Ãa,; a C.~_.;>>.Ãv~li~fa layer. For +:'ilIir~:C:, ..~:~ ~?:~~.~ ..a,Ef`=#t.0(A. as .4. ._ iouQ K fffl?Z.f~s .,..ii Y : . Ã.`;4= ~ icteT:i d`a'scdbe~.'1 above) can t:%Ive a ``:n: , 1a;3.. 4ibi3i.`-v`d Y
0 1r ..?.. , . r s. o>.d..Ã..I; t li3yf ,, <.:;ld a sei:t?F?d. E3,pt sislg side coated with a w4.c,.`#-..d i. ~ .~ .~"'.a~.h`,. .L ~~' T~,~{+.. .i..~;~ ?t'r. sLci~$~.~~4:
c(?J?tE:iLSG.~~Z~;" l::b~1~f-~rs i;~i2..~ ~1r:~ :+~..lLk:t.i~~~i.:`a i~4~t.4 x..~.~s.i:
~: C ~.. ~.... .a. .. , to >_j#:l:[`g..t,?v SM: wtlt_.i,u:`4. .I':iEll a first RhiS:pc to a second shape, ,l.#.., b{3<.k i`.'fs,m tk, . ~ con'i \hc.}ie to the k:>t shape.

c tr t C".,.i: f.:~~.;k,.: C':~ix?.~f .~.E;.~"i.~...x:? <~.~ti+ ~'~='.pi:4~i~~i~
L~nf:: :1~%7,~~)t<~ ~?~ Lw~.i; a;i3?i7w ng:ifa.i![`.
2i)

Claims (29)

1. A medical device comprising:
a shape memory polymer; and a conductive material on at least portion of the shape memory polymer wherein the conductive material is not a shape memory material.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the conductive material is configured to activate less than 100% of the shape memory polymer.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the conductive material is configured to activate less than 50% of the shape memory polymer.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the conductive material extends along an entire length of the shape memory polymer.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the conductive material extends around a perimeter of a structure comprising the shape memory polymer.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein conductive material is selected from the group consisting of metals, alloys, ceramics, and praphite.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein the conductive material is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, tungsten, stainless steel, an alloy of gold, an alloy of silver, an alloy of platinum, an alloy of tungsten, and combinations thereof.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the shape memory polymer comprises a polymer that is selected from the group consisting of natural polymers, zein, casein gelatin, gluten, serum albumin, collagen, polysaccharides, polyhyaluronic acid, poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, alginate, dextran, cellulose, collagen, synthetic polymers, chemical derivatives of collagen, chemical derivatives of cellulose, polyphosphazenes, poly(vinyl alcohols), polyamides, polyacrylates, polyalkylenes, polyacrylamides, polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene oxides, polyalkylene terphthalates, polyvinyl ethers, polyvinyl esters, polyvinyl halides, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyesters, degradable polymers, polyester amides, polyanhydrides, polycarbonates, polyorthoesters, polylactides, polyglycolides, polysiloxanes, polyurethanes, cellulose derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
9. The device of claim 1, wherein the shape memory polymer comprises a polymer that is selected from the group consisting of polynorbornene, polycaprolactone, polyenes, nylons, polycyclooctene (PCO), blends of PCO and styrene-butadiene rubber, polyvinyl acetate/polyvinylidinefluoride (PVAc/PVDF), blends of PVAc/PVDF/polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA), polyurethanes, styrene-butadiene copolymers, polyethylene, trans-isoprene, blends of polycaprolactone and n-butylacrylate, and blends thereof.
10. The device of claim 1, wherein the shape memory polymer comprises polycyclooctene.
11.The device of claim 1, wherein the shape memory polymer has a first glass transition temperature of less than 100°C.
12. The device of claim 11, wherein the shape memory polymer has a second glass transition temperature that is lower than the first glass transition temperature.
13. The device of claim 12, wherein the second glass transition temperature is at least about 10°C less than the first glass transition temperature.
14. The device of claim 11 wherein the second glass transition temperature is between about 37°C and about 55°c and the second glass transition temperature is between about 15°C to about 25°C.
15. The device of claim 1, wherein the shape memory polymer comprises a first portion, a second portion longitudinally adjacent the first portion, and a third portion longitudinally adjacent the second portion, wherein the conductive material is on the second portion only.
16. The device of claim 1, wherein the shape memory polymer comprises a first portion, a second portion longitudinally adjacent the first portion, and a third portion longitudinally adjacent the second portion, wherein the conductive material is on the first portion, the third portion, and a strip between the first and third portions.
17. The device of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the shape memory polymer is substantially circular in transverse cross-section at a first temperature and non-circular in transverse cross-section at a second temperature.
18. The device of claim 1, further comprising a conductor connected to the conductive material.
19. The device of claim 1, wherein the shape memory polymer has a first surface and a second surface, and the conductive material is on the first and second surfaces.
20. A catheter having a distal portion comprising a shape memory polymer and a conductive material on at least a portion of a surface of the shape memory polymer.
21. The catheter of claim 20, wherein the shape memory polymer is configured to change the distal portion of the catheter to a first shape at a first predetermined temperature.
22.The catheter of claim 21, wherein the shape memory polymer is configured to change the distal portion of the catheter to a second shape different than the first shape at a second predetermined temperature.
23. The catheter of claim 20, wherein the conductive material overlays a segment of the shape memory polymer that extends longitudinally along the catheter and extends circumferentially around only a portion of the catheter.
24. The catheter of claim 23, wherein the conductive material extends circumferentially around no more than 50% of the catheter.
25. The catheter of claim 20, wherein the shape memory polymer is coated onto a surface of the distal portion of the catheter.
26. The catheter of claim 23, wherein the shape memory polymer is configured to be substantially straight longitudinally at a first temperature and fold into corrugations at a second temperature.
27. A catheter comprising:
an outer member;
an inner member; and a structure located between the outer and inner members, the structure comprising a shape memory polymer and a conductive material on the shape memory polymer.
28. The catheter of claim 27, wherein the structure is configured to be spaced from one of the outer member or the inner member at a first temperature, and to contact both the inner and outer members at a second temperature.
29. The catheter of claim 27, wherein the conductive member is connected to a conductor.
CA002659888A 2006-04-13 2007-04-09 Medical devices including shape memory materials Abandoned CA2659888A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/403,615 2006-04-13
US11/403,615 US8034046B2 (en) 2006-04-13 2006-04-13 Medical devices including shape memory materials
PCT/US2007/066215 WO2007121131A2 (en) 2006-04-13 2007-04-09 Medical devices including shape memory materials

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2659888A1 true CA2659888A1 (en) 2007-10-25

Family

ID=38535373

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002659888A Abandoned CA2659888A1 (en) 2006-04-13 2007-04-09 Medical devices including shape memory materials

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US8034046B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2012860B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009533174A (en)
CA (1) CA2659888A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007121131A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (64)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080003255A1 (en) 2006-05-10 2008-01-03 Synthes (Usa) Method for augmenting, reducing, and repairing bone with thermoplastic materials
US8758268B2 (en) * 2007-02-08 2014-06-24 C. R. Bard, Inc. Shape memory medical device and methods of use
US7655004B2 (en) 2007-02-15 2010-02-02 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Electroporation ablation apparatus, system, and method
WO2009018248A1 (en) 2007-07-30 2009-02-05 Audubon Technologies, Llc Device for maintaining patent paranasal sinus ostia
US8579897B2 (en) 2007-11-21 2013-11-12 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Bipolar forceps
US20090112059A1 (en) 2007-10-31 2009-04-30 Nobis Rudolph H Apparatus and methods for closing a gastrotomy
US8771260B2 (en) 2008-05-30 2014-07-08 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Actuating and articulating surgical device
US8906035B2 (en) 2008-06-04 2014-12-09 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Endoscopic drop off bag
US8403926B2 (en) 2008-06-05 2013-03-26 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Manually articulating devices
US8888792B2 (en) 2008-07-14 2014-11-18 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Tissue apposition clip application devices and methods
WO2010048052A1 (en) 2008-10-22 2010-04-29 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Shape memory tubular stent with grooves
US8157834B2 (en) 2008-11-25 2012-04-17 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Rotational coupling device for surgical instrument with flexible actuators
US8361066B2 (en) 2009-01-12 2013-01-29 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Electrical ablation devices
WO2010114800A1 (en) * 2009-03-30 2010-10-07 C.R. Bard, Inc. Tip-shapeable guidewire
GB0912852D0 (en) 2009-07-23 2009-08-26 Angiomed Ag Method of joining tubing for use in medical catheters
EP2279774B1 (en) * 2009-07-29 2016-07-27 Abbott Laboratories Vascular Enterprises Limited Catheter with enhanced pushability
US9023446B2 (en) 2009-09-22 2015-05-05 Graham Packaging Lc, L.P. PET containers with enhanced thermal properties and process for making same
US8507063B2 (en) * 2009-09-22 2013-08-13 Graham Packaging Lc, L.P. Pet containers with enhanced thermal properties
US9282994B2 (en) * 2009-09-25 2016-03-15 St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico Llc Vascular access to closure sheath and methods
US20110098704A1 (en) 2009-10-28 2011-04-28 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Electrical ablation devices
US8608652B2 (en) 2009-11-05 2013-12-17 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Vaginal entry surgical devices, kit, system, and method
EP2332717A1 (en) * 2009-12-04 2011-06-15 Bayer MaterialScience AG Electromechanical actuator system comprising a dielectric elastomer with shape memory characteristics
US8496574B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2013-07-30 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Selectively positionable camera for surgical guide tube assembly
US8506564B2 (en) 2009-12-18 2013-08-13 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Surgical instrument comprising an electrode
US9028483B2 (en) 2009-12-18 2015-05-12 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Surgical instrument comprising an electrode
US9005198B2 (en) 2010-01-29 2015-04-14 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Surgical instrument comprising an electrode
US20120123328A1 (en) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-17 Micrus Endovascular Llc Guide catheter composed of shape memory polymer
US20120143007A1 (en) * 2010-12-01 2012-06-07 Fiona Middlemiss Haig Thoracic port with changing elasticity
US9211395B2 (en) * 2010-12-20 2015-12-15 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Expandable sheath
US10092291B2 (en) * 2011-01-25 2018-10-09 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Surgical instrument with selectively rigidizable features
JP6066931B2 (en) * 2011-02-25 2017-01-25 マイクロベンション インコーポレイテッド Reinforced balloon catheter
US9314620B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2016-04-19 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Electrical ablation devices and methods
US9233241B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2016-01-12 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Electrical ablation devices and methods
US9254169B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2016-02-09 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Electrical ablation devices and methods
WO2012125785A1 (en) 2011-03-17 2012-09-20 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Hand held surgical device for manipulating an internal magnet assembly within a patient
WO2012139214A1 (en) 2011-04-12 2012-10-18 University Of British Columbia Shape memory materials by surface modification
US9156943B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2015-10-13 Taiwan Textile Research Institute Modified polyesters and processes for manufacturing the same
EP3260491B1 (en) 2011-05-31 2019-07-10 PolyOne Corporation Thermoplastic elastomer compounds exhibiting shape memory via thermo-mechanical action
US9427255B2 (en) 2012-05-14 2016-08-30 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Apparatus for introducing a steerable camera assembly into a patient
JP5930534B2 (en) * 2012-06-08 2016-06-08 アルプス電気株式会社 Polymer actuator device system
US9078662B2 (en) 2012-07-03 2015-07-14 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Endoscopic cap electrode and method for using the same
US9545290B2 (en) 2012-07-30 2017-01-17 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Needle probe guide
US10314649B2 (en) 2012-08-02 2019-06-11 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Flexible expandable electrode and method of intraluminal delivery of pulsed power
US9572623B2 (en) 2012-08-02 2017-02-21 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Reusable electrode and disposable sheath
US9277957B2 (en) 2012-08-15 2016-03-08 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Electrosurgical devices and methods
CN104684594B (en) * 2012-09-28 2018-03-27 皇家飞利浦有限公司 Manage and manipulate introducing element including the pipe
US9943298B2 (en) 2012-10-19 2018-04-17 Cook Medical Technologies Llc Vascular closure with shape memory characteristic
US10098527B2 (en) 2013-02-27 2018-10-16 Ethidcon Endo-Surgery, Inc. System for performing a minimally invasive surgical procedure
EP3052805B1 (en) * 2013-10-02 2019-05-01 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Peristaltic submersible pump
US9480807B2 (en) * 2013-10-02 2016-11-01 Elwha Llc Device and method for detection and treatment of ventilator associated pneumonia in a mammalian subject
US20150119479A1 (en) * 2013-10-29 2015-04-30 Raytheon Company Shape-memory polymer with integral resistive heating element
JP2017504390A (en) * 2013-12-24 2017-02-09 セント・ジュード・メディカル，カーディオロジー・ディヴィジョン，インコーポレイテッド A deflectable catheter body having a corrugated structure
US9937325B2 (en) * 2014-01-08 2018-04-10 Covidien Lp Catheter system
EP2910272B1 (en) 2014-02-19 2020-11-04 Willy Rüsch GmbH Foldable urinary catheter
US9725802B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2017-08-08 Graham Packaging Company, L.P. Method for making pet containers with enhanced silicon dioxide barrier coating
US20160334865A1 (en) * 2015-05-15 2016-11-17 Logitech Europe S.A. Applications of shape memory polymers on an input device
CN104984458A (en) * 2015-07-21 2015-10-21 中国人民解放军第三军医大学第二附属医院 Medical operation sheath and use method of same
BR112018008915A2 (en) * 2015-11-02 2018-11-27 3M Innovative Properties Co continuous format memory orthodontic appliance
CN109310284B (en) * 2016-04-19 2021-09-14 波士顿科学国际有限公司 Liquid seepage balloon device
FR3050642A1 (en) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-03 Clement Lherbier IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE, PARTICULARLY OF A CATHETER TYPE
EP3461526A1 (en) 2017-09-28 2019-04-03 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Invasive medical device and manufacturing method
WO2019241414A1 (en) * 2018-06-12 2019-12-19 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Tubular propulsion devices and methods of use thereof
US20220305242A1 (en) * 2019-06-11 2022-09-29 Dalent, LLC Balloon dilation device
KR20220048999A (en) 2019-07-16 2022-04-20 마이크로벤션, 인코포레이티드 Medical devices with improved shape properties

Family Cites Families (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986003980A1 (en) 1985-01-04 1986-07-17 Thoratec Laboratories Corporation Compositions that soften at predetermined temperatures and the method of making same
WO1990011793A1 (en) 1989-04-13 1990-10-18 Mitsubishi Cable Industries, Ltd. Catheter
US5147302A (en) 1989-04-21 1992-09-15 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Method of shaping a balloon of a balloon catheter
JPH042362A (en) * 1990-04-19 1992-01-07 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Multi-lumen catheter
US6090072A (en) 1992-10-15 2000-07-18 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Expandable introducer sheath
US5405337A (en) 1993-02-24 1995-04-11 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Spatially distributed SMA actuator film providing unrestricted movement in three dimensional space
US5738901A (en) 1993-09-20 1998-04-14 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Catheter balloon with retraction coating
WO1996014895A1 (en) 1994-11-14 1996-05-23 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Catheter balloon with retraction coating
US5350361A (en) 1993-11-10 1994-09-27 Medtronic, Inc. Tri-fold balloon for dilatation catheter and related method
US5456666A (en) 1994-04-26 1995-10-10 Boston Scientific Corp Medical balloon folding into predetermined shapes and method
US5458572A (en) 1994-07-01 1995-10-17 Boston Scientific Corp. Catheter with balloon folding into predetermined configurations and method of manufacture
US5662621A (en) 1995-07-06 1997-09-02 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Guide catheter with shape memory retention
US6072154A (en) 1996-09-05 2000-06-06 Medtronic, Inc. Selectively activated shape memory device
US6013055A (en) 1997-11-13 2000-01-11 Boston Scientific Corporation Catheter balloon having selected folding characteristics
ES2265186T3 (en) 1998-02-23 2007-02-01 Mnemoscience Gmbh POLYMERS WITH FORM MEMORY.
US6249076B1 (en) 1998-04-14 2001-06-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Conducting polymer actuator
US6123718A (en) 1998-11-02 2000-09-26 Polymerex Medical Corp. Balloon catheter
US7815590B2 (en) * 1999-08-05 2010-10-19 Broncus Technologies, Inc. Devices for maintaining patency of surgically created channels in tissue
US6514237B1 (en) 2000-11-06 2003-02-04 Cordis Corporation Controllable intralumen medical device
US6872433B2 (en) 2001-03-27 2005-03-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Shape memory alloy/shape memory polymer tools
US6749556B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2004-06-15 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Electroactive polymer based artificial sphincters and artificial muscle patches
US6679836B2 (en) 2002-06-21 2004-01-20 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Universal programmable guide catheter
US6969395B2 (en) 2002-08-07 2005-11-29 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Electroactive polymer actuated medical devices
US7371223B2 (en) * 2002-10-02 2008-05-13 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Electroactive polymer actuated heart-lung bypass pumps
US20040230090A1 (en) 2002-10-07 2004-11-18 Hegde Anant V. Vascular assist device and methods
DE10357743A1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2005-01-05 Mnemoscience Gmbh Stent of shape-memory polymer is used as vascular e.g. iliac, renal, carotid, femoral-poplietal or coronary stent or design non-vascular stent for gastrointestinal tract, trachea, esophagus, bile duct, ureter, urethra or Fallopian tube
US20050075625A1 (en) * 2003-07-18 2005-04-07 Kinh-Luan Dao Medical devices
US7338509B2 (en) 2003-11-06 2008-03-04 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Electroactive polymer actuated sheath for implantable or insertable medical device
US8398693B2 (en) 2004-01-23 2013-03-19 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Electrically actuated medical devices
US7828790B2 (en) * 2004-12-03 2010-11-09 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Selectively flexible catheter and method of use
US8043361B2 (en) 2004-12-10 2011-10-25 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Implantable medical devices, and methods of delivering the same
US20060206140A1 (en) * 2005-02-24 2006-09-14 Samuel Shaolian Adjustable embolic aneurysm coil
US7353747B2 (en) 2005-07-28 2008-04-08 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Electroactive polymer-based pump
US8876772B2 (en) * 2005-11-16 2014-11-04 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Variable stiffness shaft

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2012860B1 (en) 2018-12-12
US20070244550A1 (en) 2007-10-18
JP2009533174A (en) 2009-09-17
US8377038B2 (en) 2013-02-19
WO2007121131A2 (en) 2007-10-25
US8034046B2 (en) 2011-10-11
EP2012860A2 (en) 2009-01-14
WO2007121131A3 (en) 2007-12-06
US20120035592A1 (en) 2012-02-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2659888A1 (en) Medical devices including shape memory materials
Wang et al. In vitro evaluation of the feasibility of commercial Zn alloys as biodegradable metals
García-Mintegui et al. Zn-Mg and Zn-Cu alloys for stenting applications: From nanoscale mechanical characterization to in vitro degradation and biocompatibility
CN106102785B (en) Implantable medical device
EP3003413B1 (en) Immobilization of an active agent on a substrate using compounds including trihydroxyphenyl groups
ZA200500693B (en) Oral pharmaceutical formualtion in the form of a plurality of microcapsules for prolonged release of active principle(s) with low solubility
CA2659586A1 (en) System for image-guided endovascular prosthesis and method for using same
WO2006076447A3 (en) Medical devices and comprising alloys
WO2005074947A3 (en) Anti-viral pharmaceutical compositions
DE50213462D1 (en) COATING OF STENTS TO PREVENT RESTENOSIS
WO2008027720A3 (en) Stent with antimicrobial drainage lumen surface
JP2005518249A (en) Artificial vein
JP2007505704A (en) Drug-loaded stent with multi-layer polymer coating
CA2996107A1 (en) Drug composition and coating comprising paclitaxel
HUP0402036A2 (en) Vascular stent or graft coated or impregnated with protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors and method of using same
WO2005072893A8 (en) Functionalized colloidal metal compositions and methods
WO2007102164A3 (en) Use of lipid conjugates for the coating of stents and catheters
WO2010009120A8 (en) Novel salts and polymorphs of desazadesferrithiocin polyether analogues as metal chelation agents
WO2007009395A8 (en) Schisandrin b preparation
WO2004004598A3 (en) Polymerized and modified rapamycins and their use in coating medical prostheses
AU2013300035A1 (en) Directional eluting implantable medical device
US20190316054A1 (en) Slipperiness-imparting agent and slipperiness-imparting method
CN102481198A (en) Medical device fixation anchor suited for balloon expandable stents
KR102370117B1 (en) Endovascular treatment aid
Walker et al. An in vitro model for preclinical testing of thrombogenicity of resorbable metallic stents

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FZDE Discontinued

Effective date: 20130409