CA2686810A1 - Multispeed power tool transmission - Google Patents

Multispeed power tool transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2686810A1
CA2686810A1 CA002686810A CA2686810A CA2686810A1 CA 2686810 A1 CA2686810 A1 CA 2686810A1 CA 002686810 A CA002686810 A CA 002686810A CA 2686810 A CA2686810 A CA 2686810A CA 2686810 A1 CA2686810 A1 CA 2686810A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
gear
ring gear
transmission
assembly
planet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002686810A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2686810C (en
Inventor
Christine Potter
Rodney Milbourne
Todd A. Hagan
Michael C. Bowers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Black and Decker Inc
Original Assignee
Black & Decker Inc.
Christine Potter
Rodney Milbourne
Todd A. Hagan
Michael C. Bowers
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Black & Decker Inc., Christine Potter, Rodney Milbourne, Todd A. Hagan, Michael C. Bowers filed Critical Black & Decker Inc.
Priority to CA2811256A priority Critical patent/CA2811256A1/en
Publication of CA2686810A1 publication Critical patent/CA2686810A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2686810C publication Critical patent/CA2686810C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B45/00—Hand-held or like portable drilling machines, e.g. drill guns; Equipment therefor
    • B23B45/008—Gear boxes, clutches, bearings, feeding mechanisms or like equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
    • B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
    • B23Q5/12—Mechanical drives with means for varying the speed ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B45/00—Hand-held or like portable drilling machines, e.g. drill guns; Equipment therefor
    • B23B45/02—Hand-held or like portable drilling machines, e.g. drill guns; Equipment therefor driven by electric power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/141—Mechanical overload release couplings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B25F5/001—Gearings, speed selectors, clutches or the like specially adapted for rotary tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B25F5/006—Vibration damping means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B25F5/02—Construction of casings, bodies or handles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H35/00—Gearings or mechanisms with other special functional features
    • F16H35/10—Arrangements or devices for absorbing overload or preventing damage by overload
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0039—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising three forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0043—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising four forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/201—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with three sets of orbital gears

Abstract

The actuator portion of a speed selector mechanism is operatively coupled to a transmission assembly (16). The actuator portion moves at least two of first, second and third reduction gear sets between active and inactive modes according to the movement of a switch portion among first, second and third positions. Independent claims are also included for the following: (a) a transmission assembly; (b) a power tool.

Claims (28)

1. A drive train for a power tool comprising:
a housing;
a transmission including a first reduction gear set, a second reduction gear set and a third reduction gear set, at least two of the first, second and third reduction gear sets being operable in an inactive mode and an active mode for performing a speed reduction and torque multiplication operation; and a speed selector mechanism having a switch portion and an actuator portion, the switch portion being coupled to the housing for movement between a first position, a second position and a third position, the actuator portion operatively coupled to the transmission and moving at least two of the first, second and third reduction gear sets between the active and inactive modes in response to movement of the switch portion between the first, second and third positions.
2. The drive train of Claim 1, wherein the transmission is operable at a first rotational speed when the switch portion is in the first position, a second speed when the switch portion is in the second position and a third speed when the switch portion is in the third position.
3. The drive train of Claim 2, wherein the speed selector mechanism moves two of the first, second and third reduction gear sets between the active and inactive modes and wherein the drive train further includes a clutch that maintains the other one of the first, second and third reduction gear sets in the active mode unless a torque exerted on the other one of the first, second and third reduction gear sets exceeds a predetermined clutch torque.
4. The drive train of Claim 3, wherein the second and third reduction gear sets are the two of said first, second and third reduction gear sets, wherein the second and third reduction gear sets are active when the switch portion is in the first position, wherein the one of said second and third reduction gear sets is active and the other one of said second and third reduction gear sets is inactive when said switch portion is in the second position, and wherein both of said second and third reduction gear sets are inactive when the switch portion is in the third position.
5. The drive train of Claim 1, wherein at least one of the first, second and third reduction gear sets includes a ring gear, the ring gear being movable between a first position fixed relative to the housing and a second position rotatable relative to the housing, the ring gear being positioned at the first position when the at least one of the first, second and third reduction gear sets is in the active mode, the ring gear being positioned at the second position when the at least one of the first, second and third reduction gear sets is in the inactive mode.
6. The drive train of Claim 5, wherein each of the first, second and third reduction gear sets includes an associated ring gear.
7. The drive train of Claim 1, wherein the switch portion is coupled to the housing for rotation between the first, second and third positions about a first axis.
8. The drive train of Claim 7, wherein the first axis is a longitudinal axis of the transmission.
9. A transmission assembly for transmitting torque to an output shaft in a power tool, the transmission assembly comprising:
a housing having a wall member that defines a transmission bore;
a first transmission portion having a first input member, a first output member and a first reduction element, the first input member configured to receive a first intermediate output torque, the first output member configured to output a second intermediate output torque, the first reduction element operable in a first condition wherein the first transmission portion multiplies the first intermediate output torque by a predetermined first amount, the first reduction element further operable in a second condition wherein the first transmission portion multiplies the first intermediate output torque by a predetermined second amount; and a second transmission portion having a second input member, a second output member and a second reduction element, the second input member configured to receive the second intermediate output torque, the second output member configured to output an output torque to the output shaft, the second reduction element operable in a first condition wherein the second transmission portion multiplies the second intermediate output torque by a predetermined third amount, the second reduction element further operable in a second condition wherein the second transmission portion multiplies the second intermediate output torque by a predetermined fourth amount;
wherein the first and second reduction elements are selectively positionable to provide the transmission assembly with at least three speed ratios.
10. The transmission assembly of Claim 9, wherein at least one of the first and second transmission portions is a planetary gear assembly.
11. The transmission assembly of Claim 9, wherein at least one of the first and second reduction elements is a ring gear.
12. The transmission assembly of Claim 11, wherein the ring gear is slidable in an axial direction that is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the transmission bore.
13. The transmission assembly of Claim 12, wherein the ring gear is slidable between a first position, wherein the ring gear is fixed relative to the housing, and a second position, wherein the ring gear is rotatable within the housing.
14. The transmission assembly of Claim 9, wherein the first and second reduction elements are independently movable between their first and second conditions.
15. The transmission assembly of Claim 9, wherein the first intermediate torque output is provided by another portion of the transmission assembly.
16. The transmission assembly of Claim 15, further comprising a third transmission portion having a third input member, a third output member and a third reduction element, the third input member configured to receive an input torque, the third output member configured to output the first intermediate output torque, the third reduction element operable in a first condition wherein the third reduction element is fixed relative to the housing to permit the third transmission portion to multiply the input torque by a fifth predetermined amount.
17. The transmission assembly of Claim 16, wherein the third reduction element is further operable in a second condition wherein the third reduction element is movable relative to the housing to inhibit the third transmission portion from multiplying the input torque by the fifth predetermined amount.
18. The transmission assembly of Claim 17, further comprising a clutch assembly having an annular flange and an engagement assembly, the annular flange coupled to one of the first, second and third reduction elements and having a predetermined clutch profile, the engagement assembly having a follower member, the follower member abutting the annular flange and cooperating with the clutch profile to inhibit relative rotation between the annular flange and the follower member when a torque is applied to the one the first, second and third reduction elements having a magnitude that is less than a predetermined maximum torque.
19. A power tool comprising:
a housing having a wall member that defines a transmission bore; and a transmission having a first planetary gear set and a second planetary gear set:

the first planetary gear set including a first ring gear, a first sun gear and a first planet gear assembly, the first planet gear assembly having a first planet carrier and a plurality of first planet gears, the first planet carrier having an output sun gear and a plurality of pinions for rotatably supporting the plurality of first planet gears, the first sun gear configured to receive a first intermediate output torque, the output sun gear configured to output a second intermediate output torque, the plurality of first planet gears meshingly engaged with the first sun gear and the first ring gear, the first ring gear axially positionable in a first condition wherein the first ring gear is fixed relative to the housing to prevent relative rotation therebetween, the first ring gear also axially positionable in a second condition wherein the first ring gear is rotatable within the transmission bore; and the second planetary gear set including a second ring gear and a second planet gear assembly, the second planet gear assembly having a second planet carrier and a plurality of second planet gears, the second planet carrier having an output member and a plurality of pinions for rotatably supporting the plurality of second planet gears, the plurality of second planet gears meshingly engaged with the second ring gear and the output sun gear and configured to receive the second intermediate output torque, the output member configured to output an output torque, the second ring gear axially positionable in a first condition wherein the second ring gear is fixed relative to the housing to prevent relative rotation therebetween, the second ring gear also axially positionable in a second condition wherein the second ring gear is rotatable within the transmission bore;
wherein each of the first and second ring gears is selectively positionable in the first and second conditions to provide the power tool with at least three operating speeds.
20. The power tool of Claim 19, wherein the first and second ring gears are independently movable between their first and second conditions.
21. The power tool of Claim 19, wherein the transmission further comprises a third planetary gear set having a third ring gear, a third sun gear and a third planet gear assembly, the third planet gear assembly having a third planet carrier and a plurality of third planet gears, the third planet carrier rotatably coupled to the first sun gear, the third planet carrier having a plurality of pinions for rotatably supporting the plurality of third planet gears, the third sun gear adapted to receive an input torque, the third planet carrier adapted to transmit the first intermediate output torque to the first sun gear, the plurality of third planet gears meshingly engaged with the third sun gear and the third ring gear, the third ring gear axially positionable in a first condition wherein the third ring gear is fixed relative to the housing.
22. The power tool of Claim 21, wherein the third planet gear reduction element is further operable in a second condition wherein the third ring gear is rotatable within the housing.
23. The power tool of Claim 22, further comprising a clutch assembly having an annular flange and an engagement structure, the annular flange coupled to one of the first, second and third ring gears and having a predetermined clutch profile, the engagement structure having a follower member, the follower member abutting the annular flange and cooperating with the clutch profile to inhibit relative rotation between the annular flange and the follower member when a torque is applied to the one the first, second and third ring gears having a magnitude that is less than a predetermined maximum torque.
24. The power tool of Claim 23, further comprising a switching assembly for coordinating the axial sliding movement of the first and second ring gears.
25. A power tool comprising:
a motor having an output shaft, the motor producing an input torque;
a transmission assembly having a housing and a transmission, the housing having a wall member that defines a transmission bore, the transmission having a first planetary gear set, a second planetary gear set and a third planetary gearset, the first planetary gear set having a first ring gear, a first sun gear and a first planet gear assembly, the first planet gear assembly having a first planet carrier and a plurality of first planet gears, the first planet carrier rotatably coupled to the first sun gear, the first planet carrier having a plurality of pinions for rotatably supporting the plurality of first planet gears, the first sun gear configured to receive the input torque, the first planet carrier including a second sun gear and being configured to transmit the first intermediate output torque to the second planetary gear set, the plurality of first planet gears meshingly engaged with the second sun gear and the first ring gear, the first ring gear axially positionable in a first condition wherein the first ring gear is fixed relative to the housing, the second planetary gear set including a second ring gear and a second planet gear assembly, the second planet gear assembly having a second planet carrier and a plurality of second planet gears, the second planet carrier having an output sun gear a plurality of pinions for rotatably supporting the plurality of second planet gears, the second sun gear meshingly engaged with the plurality of second plane gears and transmitting the first intermediate output torque thereto, the output sun gear adapted to output a second intermediate output torque, the plurality of second planet gears also being meshingly engaged with the second ring gear, the second ring gear axially positionable in a first condition wherein the second ring gear is fixed relative to the housing to prevent relative rotation therebetween, the second ring gear also axially positionable in a second condition wherein the second ring gear is rotatable within the transmission bore, the third planetary gear set including a third ring gear and a third planet gear assembly, the third planet gear assembly having a third planet carrier and a plurality of third planet gears, the third planet carrier having an output member and a plurality of pinions for rotatably supporting the plurality of third planet gears, the plurality of third planet gears meshingly engaged with the third ring gear and the output sun gear and configured to receive the second intermediate output torque, the output member adapted to output an output torque, the third ring gear axially positionable in a first condition wherein the third ring gear is fixed relative to the housing to prevent relative rotation therebetween, the third ring gear also being axially positionable in a second condition wherein the third ring gear is rotatable within the transmission bore, wherein each of the second and third ring gears is selectively positionable in the first and second conditions to provide the power tool with at least three operating speeds.
26. The power tool of Claim 25, wherein the first ring gear is further operable in a second condition wherein the first ring gear is rotatable relative to the housing.
27. The power tool of Claim 25, wherein the transmission assembly further comprises a clutch assembly having an annular flange and an engagement assembly, the annular flange coupled to one of the first, second and third ring gears and having a predetermined clutch profile, the engagement assembly having a follower member, the follower member abutting the annular flange and cooperating with the clutch profile to inhibit relative rotation between the annular flange and the follower member when a torque is applied to the one the first, second and third ring gears having a magnitude that is less than a predetermined maximum torque.
28. The power tool of Claim 27, further comprising a switching assembly for coordinating the axial sliding movement of the second and third ring gears.
CA2686810A 2001-01-23 2002-01-10 Multispeed power tool transmission Expired - Fee Related CA2686810C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2811256A CA2811256A1 (en) 2001-01-23 2002-01-10 Multispeed power tool transmission

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26337901P 2001-01-23 2001-01-23
US60/263,379 2001-01-23
US09/964,226 US6431289B1 (en) 2001-01-23 2001-09-26 Multi-speed power tool transmission
US09/964,226 2001-09-26
CA002435212A CA2435212C (en) 2001-01-23 2002-01-10 Multispeed power tool transmission

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002435212A Division CA2435212C (en) 2001-01-23 2002-01-10 Multispeed power tool transmission

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2811256A Division CA2811256A1 (en) 2001-01-23 2002-01-10 Multispeed power tool transmission

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2686810A1 true CA2686810A1 (en) 2002-08-01
CA2686810C CA2686810C (en) 2013-06-18

Family

ID=26949812

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002435212A Expired - Fee Related CA2435212C (en) 2001-01-23 2002-01-10 Multispeed power tool transmission
CA2811256A Abandoned CA2811256A1 (en) 2001-01-23 2002-01-10 Multispeed power tool transmission
CA2686810A Expired - Fee Related CA2686810C (en) 2001-01-23 2002-01-10 Multispeed power tool transmission

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002435212A Expired - Fee Related CA2435212C (en) 2001-01-23 2002-01-10 Multispeed power tool transmission
CA2811256A Abandoned CA2811256A1 (en) 2001-01-23 2002-01-10 Multispeed power tool transmission

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US6431289B1 (en)
EP (4) EP1364138B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4373090B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20030081392A (en)
CN (1) CN1247917C (en)
AT (4) ATE514017T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002237814B2 (en)
BR (1) BR0206667A (en)
CA (3) CA2435212C (en)
DE (7) DE60228347D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2274001T3 (en)
GB (2) GB2401812B (en)
IL (1) IL157056A0 (en)
MX (1) MXPA03006553A (en)
PL (1) PL364567A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2271272C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2002059500A1 (en)

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