CA2701666A1 - Magnetic stent removal - Google Patents
Magnetic stent removal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2701666A1 CA2701666A1 CA2701666A CA2701666A CA2701666A1 CA 2701666 A1 CA2701666 A1 CA 2701666A1 CA 2701666 A CA2701666 A CA 2701666A CA 2701666 A CA2701666 A CA 2701666A CA 2701666 A1 CA2701666 A1 CA 2701666A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- retrieval device
- stent
- magnetic member
- tail
- magnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00831—Material properties
- A61B2017/00876—Material properties magnetic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2002/041—Bile ducts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
- A61F2002/9528—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts for retrieval of stents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/009—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof magnetic
Abstract
A medical device and method for its use in the digestive system of a mammalian patient is provided. The medical device includes a stent (22) and a retrieval device (24). The stent has a magnetic element (30) connected to an end of the stent.
The retrieval device includes a magnetic member (34), and the retrieval device is sized to be ingested by the patient. The magnetic member is capable of being magnetically coupled to the magnetic element of the stent for removal of the stent through the natural forces of the digestive system.
The retrieval device includes a magnetic member (34), and the retrieval device is sized to be ingested by the patient. The magnetic member is capable of being magnetically coupled to the magnetic element of the stent for removal of the stent through the natural forces of the digestive system.
Claims (17)
1. A retrieval device for retrieving a stent placed with a body lumen of the digestive system of a mammalian patient, the stent having a magnetic element connected to an end of the stent, the retrieval device comprising:
a magnetic member having a size suitable for being ingested by the mammalian patient;
the magnetic member capable of being magnetically coupled to the magnetic element of the stent and sized for removal of the stent from the body lumen through natural forces of the digestive system; and a tail connected to the magnetic member, the tail constructed of a flexible material, the magnetic member and tail sized to be wholly ingested together by the mammalian patient.
a magnetic member having a size suitable for being ingested by the mammalian patient;
the magnetic member capable of being magnetically coupled to the magnetic element of the stent and sized for removal of the stent from the body lumen through natural forces of the digestive system; and a tail connected to the magnetic member, the tail constructed of a flexible material, the magnetic member and tail sized to be wholly ingested together by the mammalian patient.
2. The retrieval device of claim 1, the stent being disposed within the pancreatic or biliary duct of the mammalian patient; and wherein the magnetic member and tail are configured to be advanced downstream by peristaltic contractions of the duodenum.
3. The retrieval device of claim 2, wherein the force of attraction between the magnetic element and magnetic member is between about 4 Newtons to about 10 Newtons.
4. The retrieval device of claim 1, further comprising the retrieval device having a length less than 7.62 cm.
5. The retrieval device of claim 1, wherein the tail is elongated and has a length greater than a length of the magnetic member.
6. The retrieval device of claim 1, wherein the tail is tubular.
7. The retrieval device of claim 6, wherein the tubular tail increases in diameter as the tubular tail projects away from the magnetic member.
8. The retrieval device of claim 1, wherein the tail is formed by a plurality of strips.
9. The retrieval device of claim 1, wherein the tail is a sheet connected to the magnetic member by one or more tethers.
10. The retrieval device of claim 9, wherein the sheet and tethers are structured to form a parachute.
11. A medical system employing the retrieval device of claim 1, the medical system further comprising:
a stent having a magnetic element connected to an end of the stent; and a retrieval device having a magnetic member, the retrieval device sized to be ingested in its entirety by the mammalian patient;
at least one of the magnetic element and magnetic member having a magnet, the magnetic member capable of being magnetically coupled to the magnetic element of the stent for removal of the stent.
a stent having a magnetic element connected to an end of the stent; and a retrieval device having a magnetic member, the retrieval device sized to be ingested in its entirety by the mammalian patient;
at least one of the magnetic element and magnetic member having a magnet, the magnetic member capable of being magnetically coupled to the magnetic element of the stent for removal of the stent.
12. The medical system of claim 11, wherein the stent is disposed within a body lumen of the digestive system of the mammalian patient, and wherein coupling of the magnetic element and the magnetic member permits removal of the stent from the body lumen through natural forces of the digestive system acting on the retrieval device.
13. The retrieval device of claim 1, wherein the magnetic member has a coating encapsulating the magnetic member, and wherein the tail is unitarily and integrally formed with the coating.
14. The retrieval device of claim 1, wherein the tail is elongated and has a length greater than a length of the magnetic member.
15. The retrieval device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of strips have free ends projecting away from the magnetic member.
16. Use of a retrieval device according to any one of claims 1 to 10 for retrieving a disposed stent.
17. Use of a retrieval device according to any one of claims 13 to 15 for retrieving a disposed stent.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/866,824 | 2007-10-03 | ||
US11/866,824 US8066715B2 (en) | 2007-10-03 | 2007-10-03 | Magnetic stent removal |
PCT/US2008/073081 WO2009045644A1 (en) | 2007-10-03 | 2008-08-13 | Magnetic stent removal |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2701666A1 true CA2701666A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
CA2701666C CA2701666C (en) | 2013-01-15 |
Family
ID=39823853
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2701666A Active CA2701666C (en) | 2007-10-03 | 2008-08-13 | Magnetic stent removal |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8066715B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2217182B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5175936B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008307388B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2701666C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009045644A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8425549B2 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2013-04-23 | Reverse Medical Corporation | Systems and methods for removing obstructive matter from body lumens and treating vascular defects |
US9220522B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2015-12-29 | Covidien Lp | Embolus removal systems with baskets |
US8926680B2 (en) | 2007-11-12 | 2015-01-06 | Covidien Lp | Aneurysm neck bridging processes with revascularization systems methods and products thereby |
US9198687B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2015-12-01 | Covidien Lp | Acute stroke revascularization/recanalization systems processes and products thereby |
US8585713B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2013-11-19 | Covidien Lp | Expandable tip assembly for thrombus management |
US8088140B2 (en) | 2008-05-19 | 2012-01-03 | Mindframe, Inc. | Blood flow restorative and embolus removal methods |
US20100022951A1 (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2010-01-28 | Luce, Forward, Hamilton 7 Scripps, Llp | Detachable hub/luer device and processes |
US8066757B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2011-11-29 | Mindframe, Inc. | Blood flow restoration and thrombus management methods |
US11337714B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2022-05-24 | Covidien Lp | Restoring blood flow and clot removal during acute ischemic stroke |
US10123803B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2018-11-13 | Covidien Lp | Methods of managing neurovascular obstructions |
AU2008329676B2 (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2015-03-05 | Attractive Surgical, Llc | Magnaretractor system and method |
KR101819554B1 (en) | 2008-02-22 | 2018-01-17 | 마이크로 테라퓨틱스 인코포레이티드 | Methods and apparatus for flow restoration |
CN101977650A (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2011-02-16 | 曼德弗雷姆公司 | Monorail neuro-microcatheter for delivery of medical devices to treat stroke, processes and products thereby |
CL2009000279A1 (en) | 2009-02-06 | 2009-08-14 | Biotech Innovations Ltda | Remote guidance and traction system for mini-invasive surgery, comprising: at least one surgical and removable endopinza with hooking means and a portion of ferro-magnaetic material, a cylindrical introduction guide, a detachment mechanism, and at least a means of remote traction with magnet. |
AU2010232612A1 (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2011-09-08 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | System and method for maintaining patency of a stent using a magnet |
EP2451409A2 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2012-05-16 | Beacon Endoscopic Corporation | Magnetic stent and method of use |
US20110087252A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 | 2011-04-14 | Wilson-Cook Medical Inc. | Biliary decompression and anastomosis stent |
US8632582B2 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2014-01-21 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Removable and/or retrievable stents and kits |
US20120109148A1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | Medtronic, Inc. | System and method for retrieval of an implantable medical device |
US9504820B2 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2016-11-29 | Medtronic, Inc. | System and method for implantation of an implantable medical device |
US8764769B1 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2014-07-01 | Levita Magnetics International Corp. | Grasper with magnetically-controlled positioning |
US10010370B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-07-03 | Levita Magnetics International Corp. | Magnetic control assemblies and systems therefor |
EP3096673A4 (en) | 2014-01-21 | 2017-10-25 | Levita Magnetics International Corp. | Laparoscopic graspers and systems therefor |
EP3282954B1 (en) | 2015-04-13 | 2021-07-28 | Levita Magnetics International Corp. | Grasper with magnetically-controlled positioning |
WO2016168377A1 (en) | 2015-04-13 | 2016-10-20 | Levita Magnetics International Corp. | Retractor systems, devices, and methods for use |
US9943314B2 (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2018-04-17 | Teleflex Innovations S.À.R.L. | Magnetically-driven delivery assembly and method |
US11020137B2 (en) | 2017-03-20 | 2021-06-01 | Levita Magnetics International Corp. | Directable traction systems and methods |
KR101806081B1 (en) | 2017-07-25 | 2017-12-07 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | Stent delivery apparatus |
CN108403268B (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2024-02-20 | 镇江市第三人民医院 | Magnetic collapsible tracheal stent |
Family Cites Families (47)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3005458A (en) * | 1958-12-29 | 1961-10-24 | Fargo Corp | Therapeutic magnet |
GB1035205A (en) * | 1962-11-30 | 1966-07-06 | Yeda Res & Dev | Improvements in the remote controlled propulsion of a body |
US3683890A (en) * | 1970-10-02 | 1972-08-15 | Charles B Beal | Carrier system for delivery of an end of an elongated member to the upper gastrointestinal tract |
US3908646A (en) | 1972-07-20 | 1975-09-30 | Amir H Ansari | Concentric loop intrauterine device |
JPS5310216B2 (en) * | 1972-12-18 | 1978-04-12 | ||
US4315509A (en) * | 1977-01-10 | 1982-02-16 | Smit Julie A | Insertion and removal catheters and intestinal tubes for restricting absorption |
US4657020A (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1987-04-14 | Jayco Pharmaceuticals | Method of using a foreign object protector hood |
US4790809A (en) * | 1985-08-29 | 1988-12-13 | Medical Engineering Corporation | Ureteral stent |
US4865030A (en) * | 1987-01-21 | 1989-09-12 | American Medical Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for removal of objects from body passages |
US4925446A (en) * | 1988-07-06 | 1990-05-15 | Transpharm Group Inc. | Removable inflatable intragastrointestinal device for delivering beneficial agents |
US4957479A (en) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-09-18 | Vance Products Incorporated | Indwelling ureteral stent placement apparatus |
JPH02134408A (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1990-05-23 | Taamo:Kk | Magnetic attracter |
JP2500701Y2 (en) * | 1990-02-07 | 1996-06-12 | 日立金属株式会社 | Foreign body attraction magnet |
US4992768A (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1991-02-12 | Power Magnets, U.S.A. | Cow magnet |
DE69108465T2 (en) * | 1990-07-09 | 1995-08-10 | Wilson Cook Medical Inc | Device for pulling out recanalization pipes. |
US5176626A (en) * | 1992-01-15 | 1993-01-05 | Wilson-Cook Medical, Inc. | Indwelling stent |
US5353807A (en) * | 1992-12-07 | 1994-10-11 | Demarco Thomas J | Magnetically guidable intubation device |
EP0666065A1 (en) * | 1994-02-02 | 1995-08-09 | Katsushi Mori | Stent for biliary, urinary or vascular system |
US5514176A (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-05-07 | Vance Products Inc. | Pull apart coil stent |
US5647843A (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1997-07-15 | Vance Products Incorporated | Anti-reflux ureteral stent |
BR9702352A (en) * | 1996-07-09 | 1999-12-28 | Europ Economic Community | Rumination cylinders for electronic identification of a ruminant |
US5663701A (en) * | 1996-08-15 | 1997-09-02 | Kaura; Kamaljit S. | Stomach debris collecting magnet |
US5800517A (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 1998-09-01 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Stent delivery system with storage sleeve |
US5906618A (en) * | 1997-03-20 | 1999-05-25 | Vanderbilt University | Microcatheter with auxiliary parachute guide structure |
US5876450A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1999-03-02 | Johlin, Jr.; Frederick C. | Stent for draining the pancreatic and biliary ducts and instrumentation for the placement thereof |
US6258098B1 (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 2001-07-10 | William N. Taylor | Stent placement and removal system |
US6652569B1 (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 2003-11-25 | Biu Biomedical Innovations (Urology) Inc. | Stent placement and removal |
US7118600B2 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2006-10-10 | Wilson-Cook Medical, Inc. | Prosthesis having a sleeve valve |
US7011094B2 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2006-03-14 | Emphasys Medical, Inc. | Bronchial flow control devices and methods of use |
US7097665B2 (en) * | 2003-01-16 | 2006-08-29 | Synecor, Llc | Positioning tools and methods for implanting medical devices |
JP4643089B2 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2011-03-02 | オリンパス株式会社 | Capsule medical device |
US20030216622A1 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2003-11-20 | Gavriel Meron | Device and method for orienting a device in vivo |
US6676694B1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-01-13 | Mitchell Weiss | Method for installing a stent graft |
US7289839B2 (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2007-10-30 | Calypso Medical Technologies, Inc. | Implantable marker with a leadless signal transmitter compatible for use in magnetic resonance devices |
US7618435B2 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2009-11-17 | Nmt Medical, Inc. | Magnetic attachment systems |
ATE367132T1 (en) | 2004-05-25 | 2007-08-15 | Cook William Europ | STENT AND STENT REMOVING DEVICE |
US20050288555A1 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2005-12-29 | Binmoeller Kenneth E | Methods and devices for illuminating, vievwing and monitoring a body cavity |
US8220466B2 (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2012-07-17 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | System and method for percutaneous palate remodeling |
US7850708B2 (en) * | 2005-06-20 | 2010-12-14 | Cook Incorporated | Embolic protection device having a reticulated body with staggered struts |
US20070016131A1 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-01-18 | Munger Gareth T | Flexible magnets for navigable medical devices |
WO2007035798A2 (en) * | 2005-09-19 | 2007-03-29 | Calypso Medical Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for implanting objects, such as bronchoscopically implanting markers in the lung of patients |
US8932348B2 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2015-01-13 | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | Device and method for improving heart valve function |
US7934506B2 (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2011-05-03 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | System and method for temporary tongue suspension |
US7819836B2 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2010-10-26 | Gi Dynamics, Inc. | Resistive anti-obesity devices |
US8109895B2 (en) * | 2006-09-02 | 2012-02-07 | Barosense, Inc. | Intestinal sleeves and associated deployment systems and methods |
US20080236500A1 (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-10-02 | Hodges Terry E | Apparatus, system, and method for animal monitor |
CN104260726B (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2018-08-10 | 泰克尼恩研究和发展基金有限公司 | Vibrating robotic crawler |
-
2007
- 2007-10-03 US US11/866,824 patent/US8066715B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-08-13 AU AU2008307388A patent/AU2008307388B2/en active Active
- 2008-08-13 WO PCT/US2008/073081 patent/WO2009045644A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-08-13 EP EP08835913.8A patent/EP2217182B1/en active Active
- 2008-08-13 CA CA2701666A patent/CA2701666C/en active Active
- 2008-08-13 JP JP2010528015A patent/JP5175936B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2008307388B2 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
EP2217182B1 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
WO2009045644A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
AU2008307388A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
CA2701666C (en) | 2013-01-15 |
JP2010540170A (en) | 2010-12-24 |
US20090093822A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
JP5175936B2 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
EP2217182A1 (en) | 2010-08-18 |
US8066715B2 (en) | 2011-11-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2701666A1 (en) | Magnetic stent removal | |
WO2008132745A3 (en) | Non-endoscopic insertion and removal of a device | |
WO2009005573A3 (en) | Insertion system for nasogastric tubes | |
EP2458230A3 (en) | Clip | |
EP1591139A3 (en) | magnetic nasal tube bridle system | |
EP2158836A3 (en) | Medical manipulator and treatment system | |
JP2010104853A5 (en) | ||
EP2644129A3 (en) | Embolic coil detachment mechanism with flexible distal member and coupling union | |
US20160081691A1 (en) | Implanted magnets retrieval system and method | |
RU2014148165A (en) | IMPLANTED UROLOGICAL DEVICE WITH IMPROVED EXTRACTION CHARACTERISTICS | |
WO2011047160A3 (en) | Transcutaneous magnetic energy transfer device | |
EP2497898A3 (en) | Systems and methods of harvesting energy in a wellbore | |
NO20063919L (en) | Gastrostomy infection prevention equipment for gastrostomy | |
EP2986235A1 (en) | Positioning tool for anastomosis | |
EP2968866B1 (en) | Bridle catheter with illuminating end | |
CN203154338U (en) | Finished nasal feeding tube fixing sticker not to be clipped | |
US20150246201A1 (en) | Bridle system for placing and securing a nasal tube in a patient | |
CN205054384U (en) | Alimentary canal metallics remove device for pediatric surgery | |
CN201821771U (en) | Bite-proof protection device for artificial insemination on giant salamanders | |
CN219022868U (en) | Nose bile duct sleeving device | |
CN201147365Y (en) | Puncture extension apparatus for celioscope | |
CN216798452U (en) | PICC pipe | |
CN207545611U (en) | A kind of nose catheter fixator | |
CN214679120U (en) | Magnet structure for magnetic anastomosis ring formation and magnet string thereof | |
CN205548608U (en) | Clamp |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request |