CA2851539C - Slag compositions comprising latex and methods of use - Google Patents
Slag compositions comprising latex and methods of use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2851539C CA2851539C CA2851539A CA2851539A CA2851539C CA 2851539 C CA2851539 C CA 2851539C CA 2851539 A CA2851539 A CA 2851539A CA 2851539 A CA2851539 A CA 2851539A CA 2851539 C CA2851539 C CA 2851539C
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- Prior art keywords
- slag
- additive
- slag composition
- composition
- rubber
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 236
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 221
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 82
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 45
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002026 crystalline silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims 7
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims 7
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 7
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims 7
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 7
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 7
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims 7
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
- -1 natural pozzolan Substances 0.000 claims 4
- SOVIQRFXHWNNGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid;styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C SOVIQRFXHWNNGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 7
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IRLPACMLTUPBCL-KQYNXXCUSA-N 5'-adenylyl sulfate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O IRLPACMLTUPBCL-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N (S)-amphetamine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000536 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000307874 Cucumis melo var. momordica Species 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical class CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003211 cis-1,4-polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical group [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002326 snap melon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KMIOJWCYOHBUJS-HAKPAVFJSA-N vorolanib Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)N(C)C)CC[C@@H]1NC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(\C=C/2C3=CC(F)=CC=C3NC\2=O)=C1C KMIOJWCYOHBUJS-HAKPAVFJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
- C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
- C09K8/467—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/08—Slag cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
- C09K8/426—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells for plugging
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
- C09K8/428—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells for squeeze cementing, e.g. for repairing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
Methods and compositions are provided that relate to cementing operations. Methods and compositions that include a latex strength enhancer for enhancing the compressive strength of slag compositions.
Description
SLAG COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING LATEX AND METHODS OF USE
BACKGROUND
The present invention relates: to..WrIenting operations. and., MOM' particularly, in.
certain embodiments., to methods and compositions that utilize a latex 'strength enhancer for enhancing the Compressive strength of slag. eompositions,.
ln cementing operationS, Such as well ebristruction and remedial eeMenting, .settable compositions are commonly utilized. AS used herein, the term "settable composition" refers to. a composition) that hydraulically sets or otherwise develops compressive strength. Settable compositions may be used in primary 'cementing operations whereby pipe strings, such as easing and liners, are cemented in well bores. in a typical primary cementing operation:, .a sett-able composition may be pumped into an anniiiiilti between the -walls of the well bore and the exterior surface of the pipe string disposed therein. The settable composition may set in the annular space, thereby forming an annular sheath of hardened., substantially impermeable material (e.g., a cement sheath) that may support and position the pipe string in the well bore and may bond the. '..exterior surfite of the pipe string to the well bore walls. Among other things, the cement sheath surrounding the pipe string should function to prevent the migration of fluids in the annulus, as :well as protecting the pipe- String frOrn corrosion,. Settable compositions also m.ay be used in remedial cetnenting methods, such as in the placement of plugs,. arid in squeeze= cementing for sealing voids in a pipe string, cement sheath, gravel pack, subterranean formation, and the like.
A particular challenge in cementing operations is the development of satisfactory mechanical properties in a soluble composition Within a reasonabhe time period after placement in the subterranean formation. During the life a a well, the.
subterranean cement sheath undergoes numerous strains and stresses as a result of temperature effects,.
pressure effects, and impact effects. The ability =to withstand these: strains and stresses is directly related to the :Mechanical properties of the settable composition after setting. The m.echanicall properties are often characterized using parameters Such as compressive strength, tensile strength, Yotmg's Moduhts, Poisson's Ratio, elasticity, and.
the like.
These properties.maybe modified by the inclusion.of additives.
One type of .settable corn:position that has. been used heretofore comprises slag cement, which is typically a blend of Portland cement and slag, Because Portland cement develops compressive strength much more rapidly than slag, the .amount of slag is typically limited to no more than by weight of the slag. cement. Drawbacks to slag cement include the relatively high cost of the Portland cement as compared to the slag, which is a Waste material. Drawbacks to using higher concentrations of .slag .1-bay include .the inability for the gettable composition to .develop adequatt.t.txmnpres'sNe growth in a reaWnable time..and ensure the long-term structural integrity:of =the cement.
Thus, there. exists a. need for settable compositions that ct.:)mprise slag.
with enhanced mechanical features that develop adequate compressive strength. for :use. in.
.cementing operatiOn$:, SUMMARY
An embodiment discloses a method of cementing, the method comprising:
providing a slag composition comprising a hydraulic cement consisting essentially of slag, a hydroxyl source, a latex strength enhancer, and water; introducing the slag composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the slag composition to set.
Another embodiment discloses a method of cementing, the method comprising:
preparing a base fluid comprising a latex strength enhancer, a defoaming agent, and a dispersant; preparing a dry blend comprising slag and a hydroxyl source;
combining the base fluid and the dry blend to form a slag composition; introducing the slag composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the slag composition to set.
Yet another embodiment discloses a slag composition, the slag composition comprising: a hydraulic cement consisting essentially of slag; a hydroxyl source; a latex strength enhancer; and water.
The features and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. While numerous changes may be made by those skilled in the art, such changes are within the scope of the invention.
BACKGROUND
The present invention relates: to..WrIenting operations. and., MOM' particularly, in.
certain embodiments., to methods and compositions that utilize a latex 'strength enhancer for enhancing the Compressive strength of slag. eompositions,.
ln cementing operationS, Such as well ebristruction and remedial eeMenting, .settable compositions are commonly utilized. AS used herein, the term "settable composition" refers to. a composition) that hydraulically sets or otherwise develops compressive strength. Settable compositions may be used in primary 'cementing operations whereby pipe strings, such as easing and liners, are cemented in well bores. in a typical primary cementing operation:, .a sett-able composition may be pumped into an anniiiiilti between the -walls of the well bore and the exterior surface of the pipe string disposed therein. The settable composition may set in the annular space, thereby forming an annular sheath of hardened., substantially impermeable material (e.g., a cement sheath) that may support and position the pipe string in the well bore and may bond the. '..exterior surfite of the pipe string to the well bore walls. Among other things, the cement sheath surrounding the pipe string should function to prevent the migration of fluids in the annulus, as :well as protecting the pipe- String frOrn corrosion,. Settable compositions also m.ay be used in remedial cetnenting methods, such as in the placement of plugs,. arid in squeeze= cementing for sealing voids in a pipe string, cement sheath, gravel pack, subterranean formation, and the like.
A particular challenge in cementing operations is the development of satisfactory mechanical properties in a soluble composition Within a reasonabhe time period after placement in the subterranean formation. During the life a a well, the.
subterranean cement sheath undergoes numerous strains and stresses as a result of temperature effects,.
pressure effects, and impact effects. The ability =to withstand these: strains and stresses is directly related to the :Mechanical properties of the settable composition after setting. The m.echanicall properties are often characterized using parameters Such as compressive strength, tensile strength, Yotmg's Moduhts, Poisson's Ratio, elasticity, and.
the like.
These properties.maybe modified by the inclusion.of additives.
One type of .settable corn:position that has. been used heretofore comprises slag cement, which is typically a blend of Portland cement and slag, Because Portland cement develops compressive strength much more rapidly than slag, the .amount of slag is typically limited to no more than by weight of the slag. cement. Drawbacks to slag cement include the relatively high cost of the Portland cement as compared to the slag, which is a Waste material. Drawbacks to using higher concentrations of .slag .1-bay include .the inability for the gettable composition to .develop adequatt.t.txmnpres'sNe growth in a reaWnable time..and ensure the long-term structural integrity:of =the cement.
Thus, there. exists a. need for settable compositions that ct.:)mprise slag.
with enhanced mechanical features that develop adequate compressive strength. for :use. in.
.cementing operatiOn$:, SUMMARY
An embodiment discloses a method of cementing, the method comprising:
providing a slag composition comprising a hydraulic cement consisting essentially of slag, a hydroxyl source, a latex strength enhancer, and water; introducing the slag composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the slag composition to set.
Another embodiment discloses a method of cementing, the method comprising:
preparing a base fluid comprising a latex strength enhancer, a defoaming agent, and a dispersant; preparing a dry blend comprising slag and a hydroxyl source;
combining the base fluid and the dry blend to form a slag composition; introducing the slag composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the slag composition to set.
Yet another embodiment discloses a slag composition, the slag composition comprising: a hydraulic cement consisting essentially of slag; a hydroxyl source; a latex strength enhancer; and water.
The features and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. While numerous changes may be made by those skilled in the art, such changes are within the scope of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Embodiments:of the prest invention diselose.slag compositions comprising sin,.
a hydroxyl .souree, a latex strength enhancer, and water. One of the m.any potential advantages of embodiments of the slag compositions .is that .use of the latex strength .5 enhancer nay provide the slag compositions. with adequate. compressive strengths for use in subterranean applications despite the increased slag content. By way of example, the -compresSive strength of the slag compositions containing the latex-Strength enhancer may be increased hy at least about 25'% in One embodiment, at least about 5(M in another embodiment, and at least about 75% in yet: another embodiment, as compared; tO-the same 1.0 slag composition that does not eontain the latex :strength enhancer, .Accordingly, embodiments. of the slag compositions ma.y be used in a.. variety 4 subterranean appli'eations vhere settable compositions may be uSed, including, but not limited to, -primary and re-medial cementing.
In some enibodiments, -the slag compositions may col:uprise slag. Slag is generally 1.5 a by-product in the production of various metals from their conesponding ores. 13,y way of example:, the production of cast. iron can produce sl.ag as .a granulated., blast furnace by-product -with the slag generally comprising the oxidized -impurities found in -iron ore. The slag may be included in embodiments of the slag compositions in an amount .suitable for a particular application. In S01110 embodiments, the- Slag may be present in an amount of 20 about 40% tb about 100% by weight of cementitious ComponentslThwoc"), for example, about 40%, about 50%, aboitt 60%, about 'AM, about 80%, about90q4. or about 100%, Cementitions components include those components or combinations of components of the slag. compositions that hydraulically set, o.r otherwise harden, to develop compressive strength, including, for ex.ample, sta.g, fly ash., 'hydraulic cement, and the like. In certain 25 embodiments, the slag may be present. in an amount greater than about 40% bwoc, greater than -about 50% bwoe, greater than about 60% bwoc, greater than about 70%
.bwoc, greater than about:8Q%) bwoc, or greater than about 90% trwoc., In some embodiments, hydraulic .eetnent included in the slag compositionsmay consist essentially of the slag.
hi some embodiments., the slag compositions may comprise a hydroxyl source.
30 The hydroxyl source is included in the slag CoMpOsitions for proViding hydroxyl groups for activation of the slag to -provide a..settable composition that react with the water to form a hardened mass in accordance with embodiments of the present invention., A.n' variety of suitable hydroxyl. _sources may be used that are capable of generating. hydroxyl groups (OH) when dissolved in the water. Examples of suitable hydroxyl sources include basic materials, such as sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, lime, and any combination thereof In some embodiments, the hydroxyl source may be present in the slag compositions in an amount in the range of from about 0.1% to about 25%
bwoc. In further embodiments, the hydroxyl source may be included in an amount in the range of from about 1% to about 10% bwoc.
In some embodiments, the slag compositions may comprise a latex strength enhancer. Surprisingly, inclusion of the latex strength enhancer in embodiments of the slag compositions of the present invention provides enhanced compressive strength as compared to slag compositions that do not contain the latex strength enhancer.
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the latex strength enhancer may comprise any of a variety of rubber materials that are commercially available in latex form. Non-limiting examples of suitable rubber materials are available from Halliburton Energy Services, Duncan, Okla., under the names Latex 2000TM cement additive and Latex 3000TM
cement additive. Suitable rubber materials include natural rubber (e.g., cis-1,4-polyisoprene), modified natural rubber, synthetic rubber, and combinations thereof Synthetic rubber of various types may be utilized, including ethylene-propylene rubbers, styrene-butadiene rubbers, nitrile rubbers, nitrile butadiene rubbers, butyl rubber, neoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubbers, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber, and any combination thereof As used herein, the term "AMPS" refers to 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or salts thereof.
In certain embodiments, the synthetic rubber may comprise AMPS in an amount ranging from about 5% to about 10% by weight, styrene in an amount ranging from about 30% to about 70%
by weight, and butadiene in an amount ranging from about 30% to about 70% by weight.
Examples of suitable AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubbers are described in more detail in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,488,764 and 6,184,287. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other types of synthetic rubbers are also encompassed within the present invention.
In certain embodiments, the latex strength enhancer comprises a water-in-oil emulsion that comprises styrene-butadiene rubber. As will be appreciated, the aqueous phase of the emulsion comprises an aqueous colloidal dispersion of the styrene-butadiene copolymer. Moreover, in addition to the dispersed styrene-butadiene copolymer, the emulsion may comprise water in the range of from about 40% to about 70% by weight of the emulsion and small quantities of an emulsifier, polymerization catalysts, chain modifying agents, and the like. As will. be appreciated, st-trene-butadienellateX. is often ,produced as a torpolymer emulsion that may include a third monomer to assist in.
.stabilizing the emulsion. Non-ionie :groups -which exhibit stearic etrecN and which contain long ethoxylate or hydrocarbon tails also may- be present.
In accordance with embodiments .of the present invention, the -weight ratio .of the styrene .to the butadiene in .the e-maision may range fi=om about W:90 to about. 90:10. in.
some etnbodiments, the weight ratio of the styrene to the butadiene in the emulsion may range from about 20:80 to about; 8):20õ An example of suitable styrene-butadiene latex bas'a styrene-to4nnadiene veight -ratio of about. 25;75 and comprises water in an. atnount 1.0 of about 506,/ii by weight of the emulsion. Another example of suitable styrene-butadiene latex has .a styrene-to-butadiene weigh( ratio of about 30:79.
The latex strength enhancer may generally be provided in einhodiments of the slag compositiona in an amount tleficient for the desired application. In sine embodiments, the latex strength enhancer May be included in the slag compositions in .an atnount in the range of from about 1% to about 45% bwoc, :in further embodiments, the latex strength enhancer may be included. in the slag .compositions in an amount in the range of from.
.about 5% to about 20% 'woe. It should be understood that the concentrations of the latex strength enhancer are pro-vided baSed on the amount of aqueous latex that may be used.
.1n some embodiments; the Slag compositions may further Comprise hydraulic ceinent.. A variety of hydraulic. .cements may be utilized in accordance with the present ..inv-ention, including, but not: limited to, those com-prising calcium, aluminum; silicon, oxygen, iron, and/or .sulfur which set and harden by reaction with water.
Suitable .hydraulic eementS include, bin .are not limited to, Portland cements, pbuolana cements, gypsum cements., high .alumina content cements; .silica cements, and any combination thereof In certain embodiments, the hydraulic cement may compriSe a Portland cement.
hi some embodiments, the Portland cements that are suited for Ilse in the present invention are classified as Classes A,. C. I-I, and CI .cernentti according, to Atterican Petroleum Institute,. AN Spec:Oration:far Matt-lials and Testing/6r Well Cements,. API
SpetifiCation Fifth .F,d,õ 1.990.
addition, in some embodiments, cements .suitable -for use in 3.0 the present inventionniay includ.o cements classified as ASTITM Type I, II, or M.
Where present, the hydraulic cement generally may be included in the slag compositions in an amount Sufficient to provi.de the desired compressive strength, density, and/or cost. In. some embodiments, the hydraulic cement may be present in the slag compositions .of the pre-sent invention in an amount in the range of 0.M to about 60%
Embodiments:of the prest invention diselose.slag compositions comprising sin,.
a hydroxyl .souree, a latex strength enhancer, and water. One of the m.any potential advantages of embodiments of the slag compositions .is that .use of the latex strength .5 enhancer nay provide the slag compositions. with adequate. compressive strengths for use in subterranean applications despite the increased slag content. By way of example, the -compresSive strength of the slag compositions containing the latex-Strength enhancer may be increased hy at least about 25'% in One embodiment, at least about 5(M in another embodiment, and at least about 75% in yet: another embodiment, as compared; tO-the same 1.0 slag composition that does not eontain the latex :strength enhancer, .Accordingly, embodiments. of the slag compositions ma.y be used in a.. variety 4 subterranean appli'eations vhere settable compositions may be uSed, including, but not limited to, -primary and re-medial cementing.
In some enibodiments, -the slag compositions may col:uprise slag. Slag is generally 1.5 a by-product in the production of various metals from their conesponding ores. 13,y way of example:, the production of cast. iron can produce sl.ag as .a granulated., blast furnace by-product -with the slag generally comprising the oxidized -impurities found in -iron ore. The slag may be included in embodiments of the slag compositions in an amount .suitable for a particular application. In S01110 embodiments, the- Slag may be present in an amount of 20 about 40% tb about 100% by weight of cementitious ComponentslThwoc"), for example, about 40%, about 50%, aboitt 60%, about 'AM, about 80%, about90q4. or about 100%, Cementitions components include those components or combinations of components of the slag. compositions that hydraulically set, o.r otherwise harden, to develop compressive strength, including, for ex.ample, sta.g, fly ash., 'hydraulic cement, and the like. In certain 25 embodiments, the slag may be present. in an amount greater than about 40% bwoc, greater than -about 50% bwoe, greater than about 60% bwoc, greater than about 70%
.bwoc, greater than about:8Q%) bwoc, or greater than about 90% trwoc., In some embodiments, hydraulic .eetnent included in the slag compositionsmay consist essentially of the slag.
hi some embodiments., the slag compositions may comprise a hydroxyl source.
30 The hydroxyl source is included in the slag CoMpOsitions for proViding hydroxyl groups for activation of the slag to -provide a..settable composition that react with the water to form a hardened mass in accordance with embodiments of the present invention., A.n' variety of suitable hydroxyl. _sources may be used that are capable of generating. hydroxyl groups (OH) when dissolved in the water. Examples of suitable hydroxyl sources include basic materials, such as sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, lime, and any combination thereof In some embodiments, the hydroxyl source may be present in the slag compositions in an amount in the range of from about 0.1% to about 25%
bwoc. In further embodiments, the hydroxyl source may be included in an amount in the range of from about 1% to about 10% bwoc.
In some embodiments, the slag compositions may comprise a latex strength enhancer. Surprisingly, inclusion of the latex strength enhancer in embodiments of the slag compositions of the present invention provides enhanced compressive strength as compared to slag compositions that do not contain the latex strength enhancer.
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the latex strength enhancer may comprise any of a variety of rubber materials that are commercially available in latex form. Non-limiting examples of suitable rubber materials are available from Halliburton Energy Services, Duncan, Okla., under the names Latex 2000TM cement additive and Latex 3000TM
cement additive. Suitable rubber materials include natural rubber (e.g., cis-1,4-polyisoprene), modified natural rubber, synthetic rubber, and combinations thereof Synthetic rubber of various types may be utilized, including ethylene-propylene rubbers, styrene-butadiene rubbers, nitrile rubbers, nitrile butadiene rubbers, butyl rubber, neoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubbers, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber, and any combination thereof As used herein, the term "AMPS" refers to 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or salts thereof.
In certain embodiments, the synthetic rubber may comprise AMPS in an amount ranging from about 5% to about 10% by weight, styrene in an amount ranging from about 30% to about 70%
by weight, and butadiene in an amount ranging from about 30% to about 70% by weight.
Examples of suitable AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubbers are described in more detail in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,488,764 and 6,184,287. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other types of synthetic rubbers are also encompassed within the present invention.
In certain embodiments, the latex strength enhancer comprises a water-in-oil emulsion that comprises styrene-butadiene rubber. As will be appreciated, the aqueous phase of the emulsion comprises an aqueous colloidal dispersion of the styrene-butadiene copolymer. Moreover, in addition to the dispersed styrene-butadiene copolymer, the emulsion may comprise water in the range of from about 40% to about 70% by weight of the emulsion and small quantities of an emulsifier, polymerization catalysts, chain modifying agents, and the like. As will. be appreciated, st-trene-butadienellateX. is often ,produced as a torpolymer emulsion that may include a third monomer to assist in.
.stabilizing the emulsion. Non-ionie :groups -which exhibit stearic etrecN and which contain long ethoxylate or hydrocarbon tails also may- be present.
In accordance with embodiments .of the present invention, the -weight ratio .of the styrene .to the butadiene in .the e-maision may range fi=om about W:90 to about. 90:10. in.
some etnbodiments, the weight ratio of the styrene to the butadiene in the emulsion may range from about 20:80 to about; 8):20õ An example of suitable styrene-butadiene latex bas'a styrene-to4nnadiene veight -ratio of about. 25;75 and comprises water in an. atnount 1.0 of about 506,/ii by weight of the emulsion. Another example of suitable styrene-butadiene latex has .a styrene-to-butadiene weigh( ratio of about 30:79.
The latex strength enhancer may generally be provided in einhodiments of the slag compositiona in an amount tleficient for the desired application. In sine embodiments, the latex strength enhancer May be included in the slag compositions in .an atnount in the range of from about 1% to about 45% bwoc, :in further embodiments, the latex strength enhancer may be included. in the slag .compositions in an amount in the range of from.
.about 5% to about 20% 'woe. It should be understood that the concentrations of the latex strength enhancer are pro-vided baSed on the amount of aqueous latex that may be used.
.1n some embodiments; the Slag compositions may further Comprise hydraulic ceinent.. A variety of hydraulic. .cements may be utilized in accordance with the present ..inv-ention, including, but not: limited to, those com-prising calcium, aluminum; silicon, oxygen, iron, and/or .sulfur which set and harden by reaction with water.
Suitable .hydraulic eementS include, bin .are not limited to, Portland cements, pbuolana cements, gypsum cements., high .alumina content cements; .silica cements, and any combination thereof In certain embodiments, the hydraulic cement may compriSe a Portland cement.
hi some embodiments, the Portland cements that are suited for Ilse in the present invention are classified as Classes A,. C. I-I, and CI .cernentti according, to Atterican Petroleum Institute,. AN Spec:Oration:far Matt-lials and Testing/6r Well Cements,. API
SpetifiCation Fifth .F,d,õ 1.990.
addition, in some embodiments, cements .suitable -for use in 3.0 the present inventionniay includ.o cements classified as ASTITM Type I, II, or M.
Where present, the hydraulic cement generally may be included in the slag compositions in an amount Sufficient to provi.de the desired compressive strength, density, and/or cost. In. some embodiments, the hydraulic cement may be present in the slag compositions .of the pre-sent invention in an amount in the range of 0.M to about 60%
bwoc, for eXample, about 1", about 20%; :about 30,4ii. about 40%.i4. about 504; .or about 60'%. In some: embodiments, the hydraulic cement may be included in an amount.
that does not exceed about 60% bwoc, does not exceed about 50% bwoc, does not exceed .about. 40% hwoe, does THo. exceed about 30% bwoc dors not exceed 'about 20%
bwoci does not exceed about 20% .bwoc, or does not: eXceed about 1.0% bwoc:
.some embodiments, the slag conipositions may -fttrther comprise a defoaming .agent. Where pmsent, the defoaming agent should act, among other things, to prevent foaming during mixing of the slagi.composition, ecause the :latex strength enhancer can include emulsifiers arid latex stabilizers which can also finietion as.
foaming agents, an unstable., foana can be formed when the slag is mixed with the latex strength enhancer and water. Inseneral, the defoaming.agent should prevent the fbrination of the tmstable foam, The delbaMing ag.ent can compriSe .any of a number of different compounds suitable for such capabilities such as polyols, silicon.
pOlyacrylatt.,* ethylene Oxide/propylene Oxide Compounds, acetylenic diols, arid any combination thereof,. Non-limiting example8 of suitable defoaming, ti.gents include those available from. Halliburton Energy Services under the names D-A1R 300Orm. foamer, D-AIR 4000L. foamer, and D-AM
foamer. The defoaming agent may generallv be provided in embodiments of the slag compositions in an amount sufficient for the .deSired application. In some embodiments, the defoaming agent May be present in the slag compositionS.in an arnount in the range of from about OA% to about 5 tvoc. irt furthq .:embodiments, the delonming additive may Iv included in an amount in the range of ....frOrn aboutØ1% to about 2% .bwoc.
In Some embodiments, the Slag compositions may further compriSe a. dispersant.
Where present, the dispersant should act, among other things., to control the theology of the slag composition. \While a variety. of dispersants known to those .skilled in the art may be used in accordance with the pre.sent invention, examples Of suitable dispersantS include naphthalene sultbnic acid condensate With formaldehyde.; acetone, fonnaldehyde, and :sulfite = condensate; melamine sultbriate .conderised with formaldehyde; any combination thereof Where osed, the dispersant should be present in embodiments of the slag compositionss of the present invention in an amount sufficient to prevent gelation of the slag composition andfor improve theological properties. In some embodiments, the dispersant May .he present in the sl.ag compositions in an amount in the range of from about 0.1% to about 5% :bwoc., The water uscd. in embodiments of the slag col.npositions of tile present invention may include, for .example, freshwater, saltwater .water containing one or moresalts dissolved therein), brine (c'.g., saturated. saltx.vater produced from subterranean tbrmations), seawater, or any. combination thereof. Generally, the water may be from any source, provided,. .1br example,. that it does not :Contain. an 'excess. 'of compound.s that may .undesimbly affeet other compon.ents in the :slag.
n 80MC embodiments, the water may be included in an. .amount .sufficient. to form a pumpable slurry.
hi.some embodiments, the war =may be included in the sla,g compositions of the nre.sent invention in an 'amount of .about 40% to about 200%.. by dry weight of .cementitions components ("bwocl, hi some e.mbodiments, the water may be included in an amount of about 40%
lo .about 150% bwoc, Other additivcs..suitable for use in subterraneau .Cetnentinl.:?; op.erations may also he added. to embodiments' of the slag com.poSitions, in. accordance with embodiments of the present invention, Examples .01. .such additives include,. but are not limited to, strength-retrogression additives, set. aceelerators, set retarders, weighting agents, lightweight additives, gas-generating additives, mechanical property erth.ancing additives, lost-circulation Materials, filtration-control additives, fluid loss control additives, foaming additives, thixotropic additives,. and any conibination thereof. Specific examples of these, and other, addit.ives include cryStalline silica, .atnorphous siìica., lumed silica, salts, fibers, hydratable clays, calcined shale, vitrified shale, microspheresõ .fly ash, diatOttlaCeOus earth,.
inetakaolin, ground perlite, rice husk aSti, natural po4olan., CeMent kiln dust., resins, .any combination thereof; tind the li.ke. ..A. person having. ordinary skill in the art, 'With the benefit of this diselOsure,, will readily be able to determine the type and amount of additive useful for .a particular application and desired result.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that emb.odiments of the slag compositions gencially should havc. a density suitable for a particular application. By way of eXample, embodiments of .the slag compositions may have a density of about 12 :pounds per gallon (ibigar) to about 20 lb/gal. In certain embodiments, the slag compositions .may have. ti den.sity of about .14 Iblgal to about .17 Ibigal. In certain embodiments, the slag composition may be a heavyweight composition having a density of at least about 14 Ibigal. Those of ordinaryskill in the art, with tile benefit of this disclosure, will recognize the appropriate density .for a particular .application.
In some embodiments, the slag compositions may 'be prepared by. combinin.g the slag with. water. The latex .strength enh.ancer and. other additives may be corn:billed with the cvater beibre it is add.ed to the slag.. For example,. a base =fluid tnay be prepared that comprises the latex Strength enhancer,. the detbaming additive, the dispersant,. and the water, wherein the base fluid is then combined with the slag. In 'Wipe embodithents. the slag may be dry blended with other additives, .such as the hydroxyl. source andfor the hydraulic cement, to form a dry blend,. wherein the dry blend May then be combined -with the .water or base fluid. Other suitable techniques may be used for preparation Of the Slag compositions as Mill be appreciated by .those of .ordinary skill in the art in accordance with embodiments. of thr present inventions As will be a.ppreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, embodiments of the slap;
1.0 :compositions may be. used in a.variety.of subterranean applications, including primary and.
remedial cementing. .Ernbodi,m.ents may include providing a slag composition and alloWing .the. slag composition to. set Embodiments of the slag compositions may eomptise, for ekample, slag, a hydrOxyl. Source, a latex strength enhancer., and water.
Embodiments of the slag compositions may further comprise one or more of a hydraulic cement, a &foaming additive, or a dispersant, as. 'well as a variety ..of other additives suitable for use in subterranean cementing applications. as will be. apparent to those of ordinary Skill in the art.
In primary Cementing embodiments; for .example, a Slag Composition may be introduced into a .subterranean formation between a. conduit (e.g., pipe.
string, liner: .etc.) and a welì bore wall. The slag composition .may be allowed to. set to form an .annular sheath of hardened cement in the space between the Weil bore wall anci the conduit.
Among other thingsõ -the sheath formed by the slag composition :may .tbrin a barrier, preventing the migration Of .fluidS in the well bore: The Sheath fOrined by the slag composition also may,. for example, support the conduit in the. well bore.
7.).5 In remedial cementing embodim.entSõ a .slag composition may be used, for example, in .squeeze,cementing operations or in the placement of plugs... By way 'of ex.ample the slag composition may be placed in a 'well bore to phut a void or era& in the formation, hl a gravel -pack,. in the conduit, in the cement sheath, andfor a microannulus between the cement sheath and the conduit in another-embodiment, the slag composition 3.Q. may be placed into a well bore to forrn a. plug in the well bore with the plug, f'or example, Waling the 'WWI h(Ire.
To facilitate a better understanding Of the present invention, the following .examples of some of the preferred embodiments are given. In no way :should such.
examples be read to limit, .or to define, the scope of the invention.
that does not exceed about 60% bwoc, does not exceed about 50% bwoc, does not exceed .about. 40% hwoe, does THo. exceed about 30% bwoc dors not exceed 'about 20%
bwoci does not exceed about 20% .bwoc, or does not: eXceed about 1.0% bwoc:
.some embodiments, the slag conipositions may -fttrther comprise a defoaming .agent. Where pmsent, the defoaming agent should act, among other things, to prevent foaming during mixing of the slagi.composition, ecause the :latex strength enhancer can include emulsifiers arid latex stabilizers which can also finietion as.
foaming agents, an unstable., foana can be formed when the slag is mixed with the latex strength enhancer and water. Inseneral, the defoaming.agent should prevent the fbrination of the tmstable foam, The delbaMing ag.ent can compriSe .any of a number of different compounds suitable for such capabilities such as polyols, silicon.
pOlyacrylatt.,* ethylene Oxide/propylene Oxide Compounds, acetylenic diols, arid any combination thereof,. Non-limiting example8 of suitable defoaming, ti.gents include those available from. Halliburton Energy Services under the names D-A1R 300Orm. foamer, D-AIR 4000L. foamer, and D-AM
foamer. The defoaming agent may generallv be provided in embodiments of the slag compositions in an amount sufficient for the .deSired application. In some embodiments, the defoaming agent May be present in the slag compositionS.in an arnount in the range of from about OA% to about 5 tvoc. irt furthq .:embodiments, the delonming additive may Iv included in an amount in the range of ....frOrn aboutØ1% to about 2% .bwoc.
In Some embodiments, the Slag compositions may further compriSe a. dispersant.
Where present, the dispersant should act, among other things., to control the theology of the slag composition. \While a variety. of dispersants known to those .skilled in the art may be used in accordance with the pre.sent invention, examples Of suitable dispersantS include naphthalene sultbnic acid condensate With formaldehyde.; acetone, fonnaldehyde, and :sulfite = condensate; melamine sultbriate .conderised with formaldehyde; any combination thereof Where osed, the dispersant should be present in embodiments of the slag compositionss of the present invention in an amount sufficient to prevent gelation of the slag composition andfor improve theological properties. In some embodiments, the dispersant May .he present in the sl.ag compositions in an amount in the range of from about 0.1% to about 5% :bwoc., The water uscd. in embodiments of the slag col.npositions of tile present invention may include, for .example, freshwater, saltwater .water containing one or moresalts dissolved therein), brine (c'.g., saturated. saltx.vater produced from subterranean tbrmations), seawater, or any. combination thereof. Generally, the water may be from any source, provided,. .1br example,. that it does not :Contain. an 'excess. 'of compound.s that may .undesimbly affeet other compon.ents in the :slag.
n 80MC embodiments, the water may be included in an. .amount .sufficient. to form a pumpable slurry.
hi.some embodiments, the war =may be included in the sla,g compositions of the nre.sent invention in an 'amount of .about 40% to about 200%.. by dry weight of .cementitions components ("bwocl, hi some e.mbodiments, the water may be included in an amount of about 40%
lo .about 150% bwoc, Other additivcs..suitable for use in subterraneau .Cetnentinl.:?; op.erations may also he added. to embodiments' of the slag com.poSitions, in. accordance with embodiments of the present invention, Examples .01. .such additives include,. but are not limited to, strength-retrogression additives, set. aceelerators, set retarders, weighting agents, lightweight additives, gas-generating additives, mechanical property erth.ancing additives, lost-circulation Materials, filtration-control additives, fluid loss control additives, foaming additives, thixotropic additives,. and any conibination thereof. Specific examples of these, and other, addit.ives include cryStalline silica, .atnorphous siìica., lumed silica, salts, fibers, hydratable clays, calcined shale, vitrified shale, microspheresõ .fly ash, diatOttlaCeOus earth,.
inetakaolin, ground perlite, rice husk aSti, natural po4olan., CeMent kiln dust., resins, .any combination thereof; tind the li.ke. ..A. person having. ordinary skill in the art, 'With the benefit of this diselOsure,, will readily be able to determine the type and amount of additive useful for .a particular application and desired result.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that emb.odiments of the slag compositions gencially should havc. a density suitable for a particular application. By way of eXample, embodiments of .the slag compositions may have a density of about 12 :pounds per gallon (ibigar) to about 20 lb/gal. In certain embodiments, the slag compositions .may have. ti den.sity of about .14 Iblgal to about .17 Ibigal. In certain embodiments, the slag composition may be a heavyweight composition having a density of at least about 14 Ibigal. Those of ordinaryskill in the art, with tile benefit of this disclosure, will recognize the appropriate density .for a particular .application.
In some embodiments, the slag compositions may 'be prepared by. combinin.g the slag with. water. The latex .strength enh.ancer and. other additives may be corn:billed with the cvater beibre it is add.ed to the slag.. For example,. a base =fluid tnay be prepared that comprises the latex Strength enhancer,. the detbaming additive, the dispersant,. and the water, wherein the base fluid is then combined with the slag. In 'Wipe embodithents. the slag may be dry blended with other additives, .such as the hydroxyl. source andfor the hydraulic cement, to form a dry blend,. wherein the dry blend May then be combined -with the .water or base fluid. Other suitable techniques may be used for preparation Of the Slag compositions as Mill be appreciated by .those of .ordinary skill in the art in accordance with embodiments. of thr present inventions As will be a.ppreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, embodiments of the slap;
1.0 :compositions may be. used in a.variety.of subterranean applications, including primary and.
remedial cementing. .Ernbodi,m.ents may include providing a slag composition and alloWing .the. slag composition to. set Embodiments of the slag compositions may eomptise, for ekample, slag, a hydrOxyl. Source, a latex strength enhancer., and water.
Embodiments of the slag compositions may further comprise one or more of a hydraulic cement, a &foaming additive, or a dispersant, as. 'well as a variety ..of other additives suitable for use in subterranean cementing applications. as will be. apparent to those of ordinary Skill in the art.
In primary Cementing embodiments; for .example, a Slag Composition may be introduced into a .subterranean formation between a. conduit (e.g., pipe.
string, liner: .etc.) and a welì bore wall. The slag composition .may be allowed to. set to form an .annular sheath of hardened cement in the space between the Weil bore wall anci the conduit.
Among other thingsõ -the sheath formed by the slag composition :may .tbrin a barrier, preventing the migration Of .fluidS in the well bore: The Sheath fOrined by the slag composition also may,. for example, support the conduit in the. well bore.
7.).5 In remedial cementing embodim.entSõ a .slag composition may be used, for example, in .squeeze,cementing operations or in the placement of plugs... By way 'of ex.ample the slag composition may be placed in a 'well bore to phut a void or era& in the formation, hl a gravel -pack,. in the conduit, in the cement sheath, andfor a microannulus between the cement sheath and the conduit in another-embodiment, the slag composition 3.Q. may be placed into a well bore to forrn a. plug in the well bore with the plug, f'or example, Waling the 'WWI h(Ire.
To facilitate a better understanding Of the present invention, the following .examples of some of the preferred embodiments are given. In no way :should such.
examples be read to limit, .or to define, the scope of the invention.
EX.AMPLE1 The forloWing series of tests Were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of slag compositions. Five different slag compositions, designated Samples 1-5, Were prepared using the indicated amounts of water, Slag, lime, a latex suength enhancer, a.
latex stabilizer; and a cement dispersant. 'The ainounts of these components are indicated in the table below with percent by weight of cement ("'N: bwoc") indieating the percent the cornponent by weight of Slag and gallon per sack ("gal/sk") indicating the :gallons of the respective et.M1p0fleili. per 94-pound sack of slag. The slag compositions had a density of 14.5 lbfgal. The latex strength enhancer used 'was either LateXlsm 2000 cement additive or Latex."' 3000 cement additive as indicated in Table 1 below. Sample 1 was a comparative composition that did not include the latex strength enhancer. The latex stabilizer as Stabilizer. 43417)114 surfactant, from Ralliburton :Energy =Services, Inc., Duncan, Oklahoma, The dispersant used was CIFR-31:131: cement friction reducer,: from lialliburton :Energy Services, Inc., Duncan,. Oklahoma. The slag compositions were subjected to 24-hour compressive strength tots at I40"F in 'accordance with API
Specification 10, :Ingredients Latex TM Latex ,24 I-1r Water Slag Lime 2000 3000 Latex Cement Comp.
(YD (% additive additive Stabilizer Dispersant Strength Sam pie bwoe) b woo) bwoe) galfsk) (gallsk) (gallsk) (gal lsk) (psi) 57.58 100 10 862 (comp.) 37,16 100 10 2 0,2 ì 0.15 1,328 3 37.16 100 10 2 I 0.2 0,15 1,683 4 39,81 100 10 1,346 5 38.07 100 5 -- 2 1 ______ 1,401 Based on the results of these tests, inclusion of a 1.44r4 strength enhancer in the slog compositions had a significant impact on compressive strength developtnent.
For exaniple, increaseS in compressive strength of least about 50% (Sample 2) and up to about 95% (Sample 3) were obtained by including 2 galisk of the latex strength enhancer in the slag compositions, The following series of tests were performed to evaluate the effect of including a latex strength enhancer on the thickening times of slag compositions. Three different slag compositions, designated Samples 6-8, were prepared using the indicated amounts of water, slag, lime, a latex strength enhancer, and a cement set retarder. The amounts of these components are indicated in the table below with % bwoc indicating the percent of the component by weight of slag and gal/sk indicating the gallons of the respective component per 94-pound sack of slag. The slag compositions had a density of 14.5 lb/gal.
The latex strength enhancer used was LatexTM 3000 cement additive. The cement set retarder used was HR 5 retarder, from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., Duncan, Oklahoma. The slag compositions were tested to determine their thickening times at 140 F, which is the time required for the compositions to reach 70 Bearden units of consistency.
Ingredients LatexTM
Thick Slag Lime 3000 Cement Set Time Water (% (% additive Retarder hr:min Sample (% bwoc) _ bwoc) , bwoc) (gal/sk) (% bwoc) (70 bc) 6 37.83 100 5 2 0.75 45+
7 37.47 100 5 2 0.3 1:51 8 37.41 100 5 2 0.5 7:23 Therefore, the present invention is well adapted to attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those that are inherent therein. The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the present invention may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Although individual embodiments are discussed, the invention covers all combinations of all those embodiments. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular illustrative embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope of the present invention. While compositions and methods are described in terms of "comprising," "containing," or "including" various components or steps, the compositions and methods can also "consist essentially of" or "consist of' the various components and steps. 'Whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an .upper limit is .diselosed, any number and any included range falling within the range is .specifically disclosed. In particular, every range a values (of the form, "about a to about r. equivalently, "from approXimately a to bt," or, equivalently:, "from approximately b") disclosed hereii . is to be und.erstood to set forth every number and range encompaSsed within the broader range. olvalues., Alw, the .terms in the olaitus have their plain, ordinary .meaning unless otherwise explicitly and clearly defined by the patentee.
latex stabilizer; and a cement dispersant. 'The ainounts of these components are indicated in the table below with percent by weight of cement ("'N: bwoc") indieating the percent the cornponent by weight of Slag and gallon per sack ("gal/sk") indicating the :gallons of the respective et.M1p0fleili. per 94-pound sack of slag. The slag compositions had a density of 14.5 lbfgal. The latex strength enhancer used 'was either LateXlsm 2000 cement additive or Latex."' 3000 cement additive as indicated in Table 1 below. Sample 1 was a comparative composition that did not include the latex strength enhancer. The latex stabilizer as Stabilizer. 43417)114 surfactant, from Ralliburton :Energy =Services, Inc., Duncan, Oklahoma, The dispersant used was CIFR-31:131: cement friction reducer,: from lialliburton :Energy Services, Inc., Duncan,. Oklahoma. The slag compositions were subjected to 24-hour compressive strength tots at I40"F in 'accordance with API
Specification 10, :Ingredients Latex TM Latex ,24 I-1r Water Slag Lime 2000 3000 Latex Cement Comp.
(YD (% additive additive Stabilizer Dispersant Strength Sam pie bwoe) b woo) bwoe) galfsk) (gallsk) (gallsk) (gal lsk) (psi) 57.58 100 10 862 (comp.) 37,16 100 10 2 0,2 ì 0.15 1,328 3 37.16 100 10 2 I 0.2 0,15 1,683 4 39,81 100 10 1,346 5 38.07 100 5 -- 2 1 ______ 1,401 Based on the results of these tests, inclusion of a 1.44r4 strength enhancer in the slog compositions had a significant impact on compressive strength developtnent.
For exaniple, increaseS in compressive strength of least about 50% (Sample 2) and up to about 95% (Sample 3) were obtained by including 2 galisk of the latex strength enhancer in the slag compositions, The following series of tests were performed to evaluate the effect of including a latex strength enhancer on the thickening times of slag compositions. Three different slag compositions, designated Samples 6-8, were prepared using the indicated amounts of water, slag, lime, a latex strength enhancer, and a cement set retarder. The amounts of these components are indicated in the table below with % bwoc indicating the percent of the component by weight of slag and gal/sk indicating the gallons of the respective component per 94-pound sack of slag. The slag compositions had a density of 14.5 lb/gal.
The latex strength enhancer used was LatexTM 3000 cement additive. The cement set retarder used was HR 5 retarder, from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., Duncan, Oklahoma. The slag compositions were tested to determine their thickening times at 140 F, which is the time required for the compositions to reach 70 Bearden units of consistency.
Ingredients LatexTM
Thick Slag Lime 3000 Cement Set Time Water (% (% additive Retarder hr:min Sample (% bwoc) _ bwoc) , bwoc) (gal/sk) (% bwoc) (70 bc) 6 37.83 100 5 2 0.75 45+
7 37.47 100 5 2 0.3 1:51 8 37.41 100 5 2 0.5 7:23 Therefore, the present invention is well adapted to attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those that are inherent therein. The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the present invention may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Although individual embodiments are discussed, the invention covers all combinations of all those embodiments. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular illustrative embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope of the present invention. While compositions and methods are described in terms of "comprising," "containing," or "including" various components or steps, the compositions and methods can also "consist essentially of" or "consist of' the various components and steps. 'Whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an .upper limit is .diselosed, any number and any included range falling within the range is .specifically disclosed. In particular, every range a values (of the form, "about a to about r. equivalently, "from approXimately a to bt," or, equivalently:, "from approximately b") disclosed hereii . is to be und.erstood to set forth every number and range encompaSsed within the broader range. olvalues., Alw, the .terms in the olaitus have their plain, ordinary .meaning unless otherwise explicitly and clearly defined by the patentee.
Claims (71)
1. A method of cementing comprising:
preparing a base fluid comprising a latex strength enhancer, a defoaming agent, and a dispersant;
preparing a dry blend comprising slag and a hydroxyl source;
combining the base fluid and the dry blend to form a slag composition;
introducing the slag composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the slag composition to set.
preparing a base fluid comprising a latex strength enhancer, a defoaming agent, and a dispersant;
preparing a dry blend comprising slag and a hydroxyl source;
combining the base fluid and the dry blend to form a slag composition;
introducing the slag composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the slag composition to set.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydroxyl source comprises a basic material selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, lime, and any combination thereof.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in the slag composition in an amount of about 0.1% to about 25% by weight of cementitious components in the slag composition.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises a rubber material selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, neoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber, and any combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the latex strength enhancer is present in the slag composition in an amount of about 1% to about 45% by weight of cementitious components in the slag composition.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the slag composition comprises cementitious components comprising the slag, and wherein the slag is present in the slag composition in an amount of at least about 40% by weight of the cementitious components.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the slag composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of a strength-retrogression additive, a set accelerator, a set retarder, a weighting agent, a lightweight additive, a gas-generating additive, a mechanical property enhancing additive, a lost-circulation material, a filtration-control additive, a fluid loss control additive, a foaming additive, a thixotropic additive, and any combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the slag composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of crystalline silica, amorphous silica, fumed silica, a salt, a fiber, a hydratable clay, calcined shale, vitrified shale, a microsphere, fly ash, diatomaceous earth, metakaolin, ground perlite, rice husk ash, natural pozzolan, zeolite, cement kiln dust, a resin, and any combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the slag composition comprises cementitious components comprising the slag, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in the slag composition in an amount of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the cementitious components and comprises lime, wherein the latex strength enhancer is present in the slag composition in an amount of about 5% to about 20% by weight of the cementitious components and comprises AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber, wherein the slag is present in the slag composition in an amount of at least about 40% by weight of the cementitious components, and wherein the slag composition has a density of about 14 pounds per gallon to about 17 pounds per gallon.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the dry blend further comprises a hydraulic cement.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein introducing the slag composition into a subterranean formation comprises introducing the slag composition into a space between a conduit and a well bore wall.
12. A method of cementing comprising:
preparing a base fluid comprising a latex strength enhancer, a defoaming agent, and a dispersant;
preparing a dry blend comprising slag and a hydroxyl source, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 25% by weight of cementitious components in the dry blend, and wherein the hydroxyl source comprises a basic material selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, lime, and any combination thereof;
combining the base fluid and the dry blend to form a slag composition;
introducing the slag composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the slag composition to set.
preparing a base fluid comprising a latex strength enhancer, a defoaming agent, and a dispersant;
preparing a dry blend comprising slag and a hydroxyl source, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 25% by weight of cementitious components in the dry blend, and wherein the hydroxyl source comprises a basic material selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, lime, and any combination thereof;
combining the base fluid and the dry blend to form a slag composition;
introducing the slag composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the slag composition to set.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises a rubber material selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, neoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber, and any combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the latex strength enhancer is present in the slag composition in an amount of about 1% to about 45% by weight of cementitious components in the slag composition.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the slag composition comprises cementitious components comprising the slag, and wherein the slag is present in the slag composition in an amount of at least about 40% by weight of the cementitious components.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein the slag composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of a strength-retrogression additive, a set accelerator, a set retarder, a weighting agent, a lightweight additive, a gas-generating additive, a mechanical property enhancing additive, a lost-circulation material, a filtration-control additive, a fluid loss control additive, a foaming additive, a thixotropic additive, and any combination thereof.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein the slag composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of crystalline silica, amorphous silica, fumed silica, a salt, a fiber, a hydratable clay, calcined shale, vitrified shale, a microsphere, fly ash, diatomaceous earth, metakaolin, ground perlite, rice husk ash, natural pozzolan, zeolite, cement kiln dust, a resin, and any combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein the slag composition further comprises cementitious components comprising the slag, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in the slag composition in an amount of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the cementitious components and comprises lime, wherein the latex strength enhancer is present in the slag composition in an amount of about 5% to about 20% by weight of the cementitious components and comprises AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber, wherein the slag is present in the slag composition in an amount of at least about 40% by weight of the cementitious components, and wherein the slag composition has a density of about 14 pounds per gallon to about 17 pounds per gallon.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein the dry blend further comprises a hydraulic cement.
20. The method of claim 12, wherein introducing the slag composition into a subterranean formation comprises introducing the slag composition into a space between a conduit and a well bore wall.
21. A method of cementing comprising:
preparing a base fluid comprising AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber, a defoaming agent, and a dispersant;
preparing a dry blend comprising slag and a hydroxyl source;
combining the base fluid and the dry blend to form a slag composition;
introducing the slag composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the slag composition to set.
preparing a base fluid comprising AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber, a defoaming agent, and a dispersant;
preparing a dry blend comprising slag and a hydroxyl source;
combining the base fluid and the dry blend to form a slag composition;
introducing the slag composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the slag composition to set.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the hydroxyl source comprises a basic material selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, lime, and any combination thereof.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in the slag composition in an amount of about 0.1% to about 25% by weight of cementitious components in the slag composition.
24. The method of claim 21, wherein the AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber is present in the slag composition in an amount of about 1% to about 45% by weight of cementitious components in the slag composition.
25. The method of claim 21, wherein the slag composition comprises cementitious components comprising the slag, and wherein the slag is present in the slag composition in an amount of at least about 40% by weight of the cementitious components in the slag composition.
26. The method of claim 21, wherein the slag composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of a strength-retrogression additive, a set accelerator, a set retarder, a weighting agent, a lightweight additive, a gas-generating additive, a mechanical property enhancing additive, a lost-circulation material, a filtration-control additive, a fluid loss control additive, a foaming additive, a thixotropic additive, and any combination thereof
27. The method of claim 21, wherein the slag composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of crystalline silica, amorphous silica, fumed silica, a salt, a fiber, a hydratable clay, calcined shale, vitrified shale, a microsphere, fly ash, diatomaceous earth, metakaolin, ground perlite, rice husk ash, natural pozzolan, zeolite, cement kiln dust, a resin, and any combination thereof
28. The method of claim 21, wherein the slag composition comprises cementitious components comprising the slag, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in the slag composition in an amount of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the cementitious components and comprises lime, wherein the AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber is present in the slag composition in an amount of about 5% to about 20% by weight of the cementitious components, wherein the slag is present in the slag composition in an amount of at least about 40% by weight of the cementitious components, and wherein the slag composition has a density of about 14 pounds per gallon to about 17 pounds per gallon.
29. The method of claim 21, wherein the dry blend further comprises a hydraulic cement.
30. The method of claim 21, wherein introducing the slag composition into a subterranean formation comprises introducing the slag composition into a space between a conduit and a well bore wall.
31. A slag composition comprising:
a hydraulic cement consisting essentially of slag, wherein the slag composition is essentially free of any other hydraulic cement;
a hydroxyl source, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in an amount in the range of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the hydraulic cement;
a latex strength enhancer, wherein the latex strength enhancer is present in an amount in the range of about 5% to about 20% by weight of the hydraulic cement; and water, wherein the water is present in an amount in the range of about 4%
to about 150% by weight of the hydraulic cement; and wherein the latex strength enhancer increases the compressive strength of the slag composition by about 25% to 100%, and wherein the slag composition has a density of 14 pounds per gallon to about 20 pounds per gallon.
a hydraulic cement consisting essentially of slag, wherein the slag composition is essentially free of any other hydraulic cement;
a hydroxyl source, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in an amount in the range of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the hydraulic cement;
a latex strength enhancer, wherein the latex strength enhancer is present in an amount in the range of about 5% to about 20% by weight of the hydraulic cement; and water, wherein the water is present in an amount in the range of about 4%
to about 150% by weight of the hydraulic cement; and wherein the latex strength enhancer increases the compressive strength of the slag composition by about 25% to 100%, and wherein the slag composition has a density of 14 pounds per gallon to about 20 pounds per gallon.
32. The composition of claim 31, wherein the hydroxyl source comprises a basic material selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, lime, and any combination thereof
33. The composition of claim 31, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises a rubber material selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, neoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber, and any combination thereof
34. The composition of claim 31, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises styrene-butadiene rubber.
35. The composition of claim 31, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber.
36. The composition of claim 31, wherein the slag composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a defoaming agent, a strength-retrogression additive, a set accelerator, a set retarder, a weighting agent, a lightweight additive, a gas-generating additive, a mechanical property enhancing additive, a lost-circulation material, a filtration-control additive, a fluid loss control additive, a foaming additive, a thixotropic additive, and any combination thereof.
37. The composition of claim 31, wherein the slag composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of crystalline silica, amorphous silica, fumed silica, a salt, a fiber, a hydratable clay, calcined shale, vitrified shale, a microsphere, diatomaceous earth, metakaolin, ground perlite, rice husk ash, zeolite, a resin, and any combination thereof.
38. The composition of claim 31, wherein the slag composition further comprises a defoaming agent and a dispersant, wherein the hydroxyl source comprises lime, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber, and wherein the slag composition has a density of about 14 pounds per gallon to about 17 pounds per gallon.
39. The composition of claim 31, wherein the latex strength enhancer increases the 24-hour compressive strength of the slag composition at 140°F. in an amount of at least about 25%.
40. A slag composition consisting essentially of:
slag;
a hydroxyl source, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in an amount in the range of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the slag;
a latex strength enhancer, wherein the latex strength enhancer is present in an amount in the range of about 5% to about 20% by weight of the slag;
a defoaming agent, wherein the defoaming agent is present in an amount in the range of about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of the slag;
a dispersant, wherein the dispersant is present in an amount in the range of about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the slag;
an additive, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of a strength-retrogression additive, a set accelerator, a set retarder, a weighting agent, a lightweight additive, a mechanical property enhancing additive, a lost-circulation material, a filtration-control additive, a fluid loss control additive, a thixotropic additive, and any combination thereof; and water, wherein the water is present in an amount in the range of about 4%
to about 150% by weight of the slag, and wherein the slag composition has a density of 12 pounds per gallon to about 20 pounds per gallon.
slag;
a hydroxyl source, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in an amount in the range of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the slag;
a latex strength enhancer, wherein the latex strength enhancer is present in an amount in the range of about 5% to about 20% by weight of the slag;
a defoaming agent, wherein the defoaming agent is present in an amount in the range of about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of the slag;
a dispersant, wherein the dispersant is present in an amount in the range of about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the slag;
an additive, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of a strength-retrogression additive, a set accelerator, a set retarder, a weighting agent, a lightweight additive, a mechanical property enhancing additive, a lost-circulation material, a filtration-control additive, a fluid loss control additive, a thixotropic additive, and any combination thereof; and water, wherein the water is present in an amount in the range of about 4%
to about 150% by weight of the slag, and wherein the slag composition has a density of 12 pounds per gallon to about 20 pounds per gallon.
41. The composition of claim 40, wherein the slag composition has a density of about 14 pounds per gallon to about 20 pounds per gallon.
42. The composition of claim 40, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises a rubber material selected from group consisting of ethylene-propylene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, neoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber, and any combination thereof.
43. The composition of claim 40, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises styrene-butadiene rubber.
44. The composition of claim 40, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber.
45. The composition of claim 40, wherein the latex strength enhancer increases the 24-hour compressive strength of the slag composition at 140° F. in an amount of at least about 25%.
46. A slag composition consisting essentially of:
slag;
a hydroxyl source, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in an amount in the range of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the slag;
a latex strength enhancer, wherein the latex strength enhancer is present in an amount in the range of about 5% to about 20% by weight of the slag;
a defoaming agent, wherein the defoaming agent is present in an amount in the range of about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of the slag;
a dispersant, wherein the dispersant is present in an amount in the range of about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the slag;
an additive, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of a salt, a fiber, calcined shale, vitrified shale, a microsphere, diatomaceous earth, metakaolin, ground perlite, rice husk ash, zeolite, a resin, and any combination thereof;
and water, wherein the water is present in an amount in the range of about 4%
to about 150% by weight of the slag, and wherein the slag composition has a density of 14 pounds per gallon to about 20 pounds per gallon.
slag;
a hydroxyl source, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in an amount in the range of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the slag;
a latex strength enhancer, wherein the latex strength enhancer is present in an amount in the range of about 5% to about 20% by weight of the slag;
a defoaming agent, wherein the defoaming agent is present in an amount in the range of about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of the slag;
a dispersant, wherein the dispersant is present in an amount in the range of about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the slag;
an additive, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of a salt, a fiber, calcined shale, vitrified shale, a microsphere, diatomaceous earth, metakaolin, ground perlite, rice husk ash, zeolite, a resin, and any combination thereof;
and water, wherein the water is present in an amount in the range of about 4%
to about 150% by weight of the slag, and wherein the slag composition has a density of 14 pounds per gallon to about 20 pounds per gallon.
47. The composition of claim 46, wherein the hydroxyl source comprises a basic material selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, lime, and any combination thereof.
48. The composition of claim 46, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises a rubber material selected from group consisting of ethylene-propylene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, neoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber, and any combination thereof
49. The composition of claim 46, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises styrene-butadiene rubber.
50. The composition of claim 46, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises AMPS-styrene-butadiene rubber.
51. The composition of claim 46, wherein the latex strength enhancer increases the 24-hour compressive strength of the slag composition at 140° F. in an amount of at least about 25%.
52. A method of preparing a slag composition, comprising:
preparing a base fluid comprising a latex strength enhancer, a defoaming agent, a dispersant, and water;
preparing a dry blend comprising slag and a hydroxyl source; and combining the base fluid and the dry blend to form the slag composition, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in an amount of about 1% to about 10%
by weight of cementitious components present in the slag composition, wherein the latex strength enhancer is present in an amount of about 5% to about 20% by weight of the cementitious components present in the slag composition, wherein the water is present in an amount of about 40% to about 150% by weight of the cementitious components present in the slag composition, wherein the slag composition has a density of about 14 pounds per gallon to about 20 pounds per gallon, and wherein the latex strength enhancer increases the 24-hour compressive strength of the slag composition at 140° F. in an amount of about 25% or more.
preparing a base fluid comprising a latex strength enhancer, a defoaming agent, a dispersant, and water;
preparing a dry blend comprising slag and a hydroxyl source; and combining the base fluid and the dry blend to form the slag composition, wherein the hydroxyl source is present in an amount of about 1% to about 10%
by weight of cementitious components present in the slag composition, wherein the latex strength enhancer is present in an amount of about 5% to about 20% by weight of the cementitious components present in the slag composition, wherein the water is present in an amount of about 40% to about 150% by weight of the cementitious components present in the slag composition, wherein the slag composition has a density of about 14 pounds per gallon to about 20 pounds per gallon, and wherein the latex strength enhancer increases the 24-hour compressive strength of the slag composition at 140° F. in an amount of about 25% or more.
53. The method of claim 52, wherein the hydroxyl source comprises a basic material selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, lime, and any combination thereof.
54. The method of claim 52, wherein the slag composition has a density of about 14 pounds per gallon to about 17 pounds per gallon.
55. The method of claim 52, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises a rubber material selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, neoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-styrene-butadiene rubber, and any combination thereof
56. The method of claim 52, wherein the slag composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a defoaming agent, a strength-retrogression additive, a set accelerator, a set retarder, a weighting agent, a lightweight additive, a gas-generating additive, a mechanical property enhancing additive, a lost-circulation material, a filtration-control additive, a fluid loss control additive, a foaming additive, a thixotropic additive, and any combination thereof.
57. The method of claim 52, wherein the slag composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of crystalline silica, amorphous silica, fumed silica, a salt, a fiber, a hydratable clay, calcined shale, vitrified shale, a microsphere, diatomaceous earth, metakaolin, ground perlite, rice husk ash, zeolite, a resin, and any combination thereof.
58. The method of claim 52, wherein the hydroxyl source comprises lime, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-styrene-butadiene rubber, wherein the slag is present in the slag composition in an amount of at least about 40% by weight of the cementitious components in the slag composition, and wherein the slag composition has a density of about 14 pounds per gallon to about 17 pounds per gallon.
59. The method of claim 52, wherein the dry blend further comprises a hydraulic cement.
60. The method of claim 52, wherein the latex strength enhancer increases the 24-hour compressive strength of the slag composition at 140° F. in an amount of about 50% or more.
61. The method of claim 52, wherein the dispersant is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the cementitious components present in the slag composition, and wherein the dispersant comprises at least on dispersant selected from the group consisting of: a naphthalene sulfonic acid condensate with formaldehyde;
an acetone, formaldehyde, and sulfite condensate; a melamine sulfonate condensed with formaldehyde; any combination thereof.
an acetone, formaldehyde, and sulfite condensate; a melamine sulfonate condensed with formaldehyde; any combination thereof.
62. The method of claim 52 wherein the hydroxyl source comprises lime.
63. The method of claim 52 wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises a water-in-oil emulsion comprising a styrene-butadiene rubber.
64. A method of preparing a slag composition, comprising:
preparing a base fluid comprising a latex strength enhancer, a defoaming agent, a dispersant, and water;
preparing a dry blend comprising cementitious components and lime, wherein the cementitious components consist essentially of slag; and combining the base fluid and the dry blend to form the slag composition, the slag composition being essentially free of any additional cementitious components other than the slag, wherein the lime is present in an amount of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the slag, wherein the latex strength enhancer is present in an amount of about 5% to about 20% by weight of the slag, wherein the water is present in an amount of about 40% to about 150% by weight of the slag, wherein the slag composition has a density of about 14 pounds per gallon to about 20 pounds per gallon, and wherein the latex strength enhancer increases the 24-hour compressive strength of the slag composition at 140° F. in an amount of about 25% or more.
preparing a base fluid comprising a latex strength enhancer, a defoaming agent, a dispersant, and water;
preparing a dry blend comprising cementitious components and lime, wherein the cementitious components consist essentially of slag; and combining the base fluid and the dry blend to form the slag composition, the slag composition being essentially free of any additional cementitious components other than the slag, wherein the lime is present in an amount of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the slag, wherein the latex strength enhancer is present in an amount of about 5% to about 20% by weight of the slag, wherein the water is present in an amount of about 40% to about 150% by weight of the slag, wherein the slag composition has a density of about 14 pounds per gallon to about 20 pounds per gallon, and wherein the latex strength enhancer increases the 24-hour compressive strength of the slag composition at 140° F. in an amount of about 25% or more.
65. The method of claim 64, wherein the slag composition has a density of about 14 pounds per gallon to about 17 pounds per gallon.
66. The method of claim 64, wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises a rubber material selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, neoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-styrene-butadiene rubber, and any combination thereof.
67. The method of claim 64, wherein the slag composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a defoaming agent, a strength-retrogression additive, a set accelerator, a set retarder, a weighting agent, a lightweight additive, a gas-generating additive, a mechanical property enhancing additive, a lost-circulation material, a filtration-control additive, a fluid loss control additive, a foaming additive, a thixotropic additive, and any combination thereof.
68. The method of claim 64, wherein the slag composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of crystalline silica, amorphous silica, fumed silica, a salt, a fiber, a hydratable clay, calcined shale, vitrified shale, a microsphere, diatomaceous earth, metakaolin, ground perlite, rice husk ash, zeolite, a resin, and any combination thereof.
69. The method of claim 64, wherein the slag composition further comprises a defoaming agent and a dispersant wherein the latex strength enhancer comprises acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-styrene-butadiene rubber, and wherein the slag composition has a density of about 14 pounds per gallon to about 17 pounds per gallon.
70. The method of claim 64, wherein the latex strength enhancer increases the 24-hour compressive strength of the slag composition at 140° F. in an amount of at about 50% or more.
71. The method of claim 64, wherein the dispersant is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the slag, and wherein the dispersant comprises at least one dispersant selected from the group consisting of: a naphthalene sulfonic acid condensate with formaldehyde; an acetone, formaldehyde, and sulfite condensate; a melamine sulfonate condensed with formaldehyde; any combination thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/283,321 US8162058B1 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2011-10-27 | Slag compositions and methods of use |
| US13/283,321 | 2011-10-27 | ||
| PCT/US2012/062149 WO2013063411A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2012-10-26 | Slag compositions comprising latex and methods of use |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CA2851539A1 CA2851539A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
| CA2851539C true CA2851539C (en) | 2015-03-31 |
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| CA2851539A Expired - Fee Related CA2851539C (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2012-10-26 | Slag compositions comprising latex and methods of use |
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| AU (2) | AU2012328603B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112014008471A2 (en) |
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| MX (1) | MX356091B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO347450B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013063411A1 (en) |
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2011
- 2011-10-27 US US13/283,321 patent/US8162058B1/en active Active
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2012
- 2012-03-15 US US13/421,034 patent/US8492317B2/en active Active
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| NO20140449A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
| US8162058B1 (en) | 2012-04-24 |
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| US20130109783A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
| AU2012328603A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
| WO2013063411A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
| NO347450B1 (en) | 2023-11-06 |
| AU2015227458A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
| US8623794B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 |
| MX356091B (en) | 2018-05-14 |
| CA2851539A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
| AU2012328603B2 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
| US20130231416A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
| US8492317B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 |
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