CN100388563C - Linear type intelligent antenna array utilized in mobile communication - Google Patents
Linear type intelligent antenna array utilized in mobile communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN100388563C CN100388563C CNB031153100A CN03115310A CN100388563C CN 100388563 C CN100388563 C CN 100388563C CN B031153100 A CNB031153100 A CN B031153100A CN 03115310 A CN03115310 A CN 03115310A CN 100388563 C CN100388563 C CN 100388563C
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- antenna array
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- linear pattern
- radiator
- smart antenna
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a linear type intelligent antenna array for mobile communication, which is formed by that more than two identical array elements are arranged on a supporting plane in an equal interval or unequal interval way along a linear way. The arrangement spacing of the array elements can be the half wave length of the working frequency in a free space, and the maximum arrangement spacing does not exceed one wave length. Each array element comprises a radiator, a feeding network and a coaxial connector, wherein the radiator is a vibrator radiator or a microstrip radiator. The present invention has the advantages that high signal-noise ratio of signal channels, low transmitting power of terminals, flexibly adjustment of coverage areas of cells, large system capacity and convenient erection. Besides, the present invention is suitable for the networking of disperse cells.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for antenna array in a kind of communication technology and antenna array elevation radiation patytern figuration thereof design, particularly a kind of tracking exchage linear pattern smart antenna array and based on the method for the elevation radiation patytern figuration design of this antenna array.Belong to moving communicating field.
Background technology
Fast development along with mobile communication, customer volume increases rapidly, but because radio spectrum resources is limited, the wireless transmission circumstance complication, the restriction of radio conditions such as near-far interference, present mobile communication technology all is difficult to satisfy growing consumption demand at the aspects such as kind of power system capacity, communication quality and the business that provides, therefore, becomes an important topic at moving communicating field research intelligent antenna technology.
The implementation of smart antenna is to use the transceiver of a plurality of antenna elements and respective numbers.A plurality of antenna elements are formed aerial array, carry out phase place and amplitude weighting by the signal that each antenna element is received and launch, direction and shape that can the control antenna wave beam, and can form a plurality of independently wave beams simultaneously, a plurality of portable terminals are realized directional receptions and emission.By intelligentized degree, smart antenna can be divided into the smart antenna of wave beam switching and the smart antenna that adaptive digital is handled; By group battle array mode, smart antenna can be divided into line array, ring array etc.
Now, in mobile communication, existing ring array smart antenna or the diversity antenna of adopting also do not have the linear pattern antenna array.The linear pattern antenna array is applied to smart antenna can be in the performance of the following aspects elevator system: improve the signal to noise ratio of channel, reduce multiple access and disturb, expand the coverage area, increase power system capacity, reduce the transmitting power of terminal, adjust the coverage of sub-district flexibly.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the method that a kind of tracking exchage linear pattern smart antenna array and elevation radiation patytern figuration thereof are optimized, it can overcome the deficiency of prior art, has the good channel signal to noise ratio, terminal transmit power is low, be suitable for the networking of branch sector, can adjust the coverage of sub-district flexibly, increase power system capacity, and set up conveniently.
For this reason, the invention provides following technical scheme and realize above-mentioned purpose:
A kind of tracking exchage linear pattern smart antenna array, its linear pattern smart antenna array by identical array element more than two along a straight line uniformly-spaced or unequal interval be arranged on the supporting plane and constitute, array element comprises radiator, feeding network and coaxial connector.The array element arrangement pitch can be the half-wavelength of operating frequency in the free space, and maximum is no more than a wavelength.
Particularly, array element by identical radiator more than two along vertical plane equidistantly or unequal-interval rearrange.The radiator of array element is a radiator in vibrator, can be doublet or umbellate form a period of time or Air Coupling a period of time, constitutes linear pattern a period of time antenna array; Radiator is an associated microstrip radiating element, constitutes the linear pattern microstrip antenna array.Associated microstrip radiating element and feeding network integrated setting are in one plane.
Supporting plane is a metal flat; Feeding network is the little band of medium or air microstrip or coaxial cable.
A kind of Optimization Design of tracking exchage linear pattern smart antenna array elevation radiation patytern, described antenna array is the antenna array of aforesaid right requirement, at feeding network, antenna pattern to the vertical plane of antenna array carries out figuration optimization, adjustment has a down dip, wherein figuration is used to adjust the lobe of elevation radiation patytern, has a down dip to adjust to be used to set the downward-sloping angle of main beam.
Based on this technical scheme, the utilization of linear pattern smart antenna array of the present invention has a lot of advantages with respect to ring array, and especially aspect system group network, a line array can cover a sector, and three line arraies are used in the sub-district of three sectors; Also can adopt smart antenna, and diversity antenna is adopted in other sectors in some sector of sub-district.Setting up of antenna is very flexible, and each sector considers that independently antenna downtilt is easy to realize, both can adopt mechanical tilt, also can adopt electrical down-tilting, but also both combinations.
Description of drawings
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The perspective view of Fig. 1 linear pattern microstrip antenna array of the present invention.
The planar structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2 linear pattern microstrip antenna array of the present invention array element.
The structural representation of Fig. 3 linear pattern a period of time of the present invention antenna array one embodiment.
Fig. 4 linear pattern a period of time of the present invention antenna array is at the antenna pattern of vertical plane.
Antenna pattern when Fig. 5 linear pattern antenna array of the present invention is used for smart antenna in a sector.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of linear pattern microstrip antenna array, the individual array element of k (k 〉=2) 51 is arranged along a straight line with certain spacing, the spacing d of array element 51 is not more than a wavelength, the angle that d covers according to required beamwidth, sector etc. is determined, array element is fixed on and supports on the base plate 52, base plate is a metal flat, does earthy.
In the ordinary course of things, when the radiator of array element was little band, its feeding network also adopted little band forms, so radiator and feeding network be made of one, and array element is a plane on version.Multi-form according to associated microstrip radiating element, the maximum direction difference of directional diagram, when radiator was paster antenna, the maximum direction of radiation was on the normal direction of array element face, so array element group battle array is smooth in supporting on the base plate with its ground plane when arranging; When radiator is dipole antenna, the maximum direction of radiation is at a side of array element, when array element group battle array is arranged, to be attached to greatest irradiation direction opposed side edges and support on the base plate, also need some structural connections to fix array element on base plate this moment, and Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of this form.
The structure of microstrip array array element as shown in Figure 2, array element further comprises associated microstrip radiating element 53, microstrip feed network 54, radio frequency (RF) coaxial connector 55.The integrated processing of radiator and feeding network is on medium substrate 56.
Embodiment is little band line array of one four array element, array element is equidistantly arranged with half-wavelength along a straight line, work in 1920MHz～2170MHz, the gain of array element is 14dB, array gain can reach 20dB when maximum power is synthetic, mutual coupling between the array element is less than-20dB, vertical line polarization mode, input impedance 50 Ω.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of an embodiment of linear pattern a period of time antenna array, and the individual array element 61 of k (k 〉=2) is arranged in a straight line at certain intervals, and same, the spacing of array element is not more than a wavelength, and array element is fixed on the metal base plate 62 of support.The radiator 63 of different with the microstrip array unit is a period of time array element and feeding network 64 be not in a plane, feeding network various informative, can adopt the little band of medium, air microstrip or coaxial cable etc., radiator in vibrator has doublet, umbellate form a period of time, Air Coupling a period of time etc., and bandwidth is wide, matching properties good.In the present embodiment, radiator 63 is doublets, and feeding network 64 adopts microstrip circuit to realize.
No matter the optimization method of directional diagram of the present invention is for microstrip array or a period of time battle array, all can do figuration to the antenna pattern of vertical plane, the design that has a down dip (certainly, also can not do figuration, design has a down dip).Figuration is designed to make the lobe distribution of directional diagram to meet specific requirement, have a down dip and be designed to make the downward-sloping certain angle of vertical plane main beam, and no longer point to horizontal direction, these designs all be for satisfy mobile communication to the service area as far as possible evenly covers, dead zone-eliminating, adjacent cell is reduced the requirement of interference.Antenna array is the directional diagram of array element at vertical plane at the directional diagram of vertical plane, and the wave beam of vertical plane is narrow more, and the longitudinal size of array element is big more, and the gain of antenna is high more.Fig. 4 is the elevation radiation patytern of embodiment, carried out last secondary lobe and suppressed, and following secondary lobe figuration, this figuration design result is very desirable for the application of mobile communication system.Figuration, the design that has a down dip all realize by feeding network.
Describe the step of antenna array elevation radiation patytern figuration design below in detail:
At first, design a Low Sidelobe symmetrical antenna array, its beamwidth and needed vertical beamwidth are basic identical, and the amplitude distribution that realizes the radiator of this array is A
i, 1≤i≤n, n are the number of line array array element radiator.This step mainly is to realize the last secondary lobe that elevation radiation patytern is lower and satisfy the vertical beamwidth requirement.
Secondly, at figuration angular regions θ
1～θ
2Form several Low Sidelobe wave beams and be added on the wave beam that previous step forms, then radiator i (it is as follows that 1≤i≤n) goes up the mathematical expression that the electric current width of cloth distributes mutually:
In the formula, N is the number of the Low Sidelobe wave beam that forms in this step, and k=2 π/λ, λ are operation wavelengths.Its physical significance is to form several Low Sidelobe wave beams to realize required waveform in the zone of figuration, and other regional field distribution suffered influence minimum, thereby when realizing specific (special) requirements, the lower requirement of secondary lobe in the maintenance.
Then, the employing optimized Algorithm is optimized the α in the following formula
jAnd β
j
Adopted genetic algorithm to remove to design the low sidelobe antenna of given power ratio in an embodiment, optimized α with direct search method (Direct search complex Algorithm)
jAnd β
j
In the present invention, the directional diagram of array element is changeless, so the directional diagram of antenna array vertical plane also is changeless.
When above-mentioned two kinds of antenna arrays are used for mobile communication intelligent antenna system, the directional diagram of horizontal plane is controlled, can carry out figuration in real time, by amplitude and the phase place that changes each antenna array element, realize the change of directional diagram main beam pointing and pattern shapes, also can form the different zone of a plurality of beam positions simultaneously.Wave beam forms to handle by high-speed digital signal in base band and realizes, also can realize at radio frequency.
Fig. 5 is a line array when being applied to antenna system, the horizontal plane radiation pattern of a plurality of wave beams that form in a sector.
The present invention is applied to mobile communication system and has following characteristics:
The first, the working frequency range that the present invention uses is lower than 4GHz.
The second, the present invention is fit to be applied to the networking mode of branch sector.
The 3rd, the polarization mode of antenna array can be horizontal polarization or perpendicular polarization or ± 45 ° of two-wires polarization.
The 4th, the polarization mode of antenna array is identical with the polarization mode of radiator in the array element.
The 5th, antenna array is the antenna pattern of array element at vertical plane at the antenna pattern of vertical plane.
The 6th, array element can be done the figuration design or not do the figuration design at the antenna pattern of vertical plane.
The 7th, array element can be done the electrical down-tilting design or not do the electrical down-tilting design at the antenna pattern of vertical plane.
The 8th, the mutual coupling effect in the antenna array between the array element is enough little, can not cause the tangible mismatch of array element.
The 9th, input impedance is 50 Ω.
The tenth, antenna array can be realized at radio frequency in the control of horizontal plane radiation pattern, also can realize in base band.
The 11, antenna array can form a plurality of wave beams simultaneously at horizontal plane and point to different zone in institute's coverage sector respectively.
The 12, antenna array is reciprocal, both can be used for the emission of radiofrequency signal, also can be used for receiving.
The 13, the gain of antenna array can reach when maximum power is synthetic
G
max(dB)＝G
0(dB)+10logN
G in the following formula
MaxBe maximum possible gain, G
0Be the gain of array element, N is the array element number.
In a word, the linear pattern smart antenna array function admirable that the present invention proposes, simple in structure, set up conveniently, be applicable to the various networking modes flexibly of mobile communication system.
Should be noted that at last: above embodiment is the unrestricted technical scheme involved in the present invention in order to explanation only, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to above preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that technical scheme of the present invention can make amendment, is out of shape or is equal to replacement; And do not break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, all should be encompassed among the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. tracking exchage linear pattern smart antenna array, it is characterized in that: described linear pattern smart antenna array by identical array element more than two along a straight line uniformly-spaced or unequal interval be arranged on the supporting plane and constitute, the arrangement pitch of array element is no more than a wavelength of operating frequency in the free space, and array element comprises radiator, feeding network and coaxial connector.
2. tracking exchage linear pattern smart antenna array according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the arrangement pitch of array element is the half wavelength of operating frequency in the free space.
3. tracking exchage linear pattern smart antenna array according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described array element by identical radiator more than two along vertical plane equidistantly or unequal-interval rearrange.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described tracking exchage linear pattern smart antenna arrays, it is characterized in that: the radiator of described array element is a radiator in vibrator, constitutes linear pattern a period of time antenna array.
5. tracking exchage linear pattern smart antenna array according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described radiator in vibrator is doublet or umbellate form a period of time or Air Coupling a period of time.
6. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described tracking exchage linear pattern smart antenna arrays, it is characterized in that: the radiator of described array element is an associated microstrip radiating element, constitutes the linear pattern microstrip antenna array.
7. tracking exchage linear pattern smart antenna array according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described associated microstrip radiating element and feeding network integrated setting are in one plane.
8. tracking exchage linear pattern smart antenna array according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described supporting plane is a metal flat.
9. tracking exchage linear pattern smart antenna array according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described feeding network is the little band of medium or air microstrip or coaxial cable.
10. the Optimization Design of a tracking exchage linear pattern smart antenna array vertical plane radiation patterns, described antenna array is the antenna array of aforesaid right requirement 1,2,3,5,7 or 8, it is characterized in that: at the array element feeding network, antenna pattern to the vertical plane of antenna array carries out figuration optimization, adjustment has a down dip, wherein figuration is used to optimize the lobe of directional diagram, has a down dip to be used to set the downward-sloping angle of main beam.
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| CNB031153100A CN100388563C (en) | 2003-01-26 | 2003-01-26 | Linear type intelligent antenna array utilized in mobile communication |
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| CNB031153100A CN100388563C (en) | 2003-01-26 | 2003-01-26 | Linear type intelligent antenna array utilized in mobile communication |
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| CN1519989A CN1519989A (en) | 2004-08-11 |
| CN100388563C true CN100388563C (en) | 2008-05-14 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101335910B (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2012-02-29 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | Multiplexing antenna system and method of intelligent antenna and MIMO antenna |
| CN101192707B (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2011-11-30 | 中国移动通信集团广东有限公司 | Electricity adjusting directional intelligent antenna |
| CN102882574B (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2014-12-31 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna system and signal transmitting equipment |
| CN103052084B (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2015-05-20 | 中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司 | Intelligent antenna and wave beam adjustment method thereof |
| CN108767498B (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2024-01-30 | 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 | Multisystem base station antenna capable of controlling wave beam width |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3995277A (en) * | 1975-10-20 | 1976-11-30 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Microstrip antenna |
| CN2427894Y (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2001-04-25 | 东南大学 | Broadband printed array antenna |
| KR20020037003A (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2002-05-17 | 안지호 | Leaky-wave dual polarized slot type antenna |
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2003
- 2003-01-26 CN CNB031153100A patent/CN100388563C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3995277A (en) * | 1975-10-20 | 1976-11-30 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Microstrip antenna |
| CN2427894Y (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2001-04-25 | 东南大学 | Broadband printed array antenna |
| KR20020037003A (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2002-05-17 | 안지호 | Leaky-wave dual polarized slot type antenna |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 一种新型单极化基站天线的分析与优化设计. 侯晓华，熊兵，焦永昌.西安电子科技大学学报，第28卷第6期. 2001 |
| 一种新型单极化基站天线的分析与优化设计. 侯晓华，熊兵，焦永昌.西安电子科技大学学报，第28卷第6期. 2001 * |
| 世纪之交的天线技术. 章文勋.电波科学学报，第15卷第1期. 2000 |
| 世纪之交的天线技术. 章文勋.电波科学学报，第15卷第1期. 2000 * |
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