CN100398905C - 用于模拟氖光照明的照明装置 - Google Patents
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0068—Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
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Abstract
一种照明装置(10),其用于模拟氖光照明,该装置包括邻近于大致为杆状的波导(12)的侧面光接收表面(15)的多个位置分开的点光源(24),该波导由一种材料制成,该材料优先散射进入光接收表面的散射光,以使得离开波导(12)的侧面光发射表面(13)的光强图形具有一个大致均匀的光强图形。
Description
技术领域
本申请要求申请号为60/265,522的临时申请的优先权,该临时申请于2001年1月31日提出,名称为《用于物体照明的模拟氖光照明装置》。
本发明涉及使用光学波导的照明装置,并特别涉及使用光学波导和高强度低压光源模拟氖光照明的照明装置并理想地适于标志和广告的使用。
背景技术
在充有低压氖气的玻璃管中由电子的电激励作用而产生的氖光照明,多年以来一直在广告业中占有主要的位置,并用于描绘空心字母(channel letter)和建筑物结构的轮廓。氖光照明的特性是在包围气体的灯管内在其全长上具有与视角无关的均匀发光。此特性使氖光照明适用于包括书写文字和设计在内的许多广告应用,因为玻璃管可以被制作成模拟书写文字和复杂设计的弯曲的和扭曲的结构。典型地没有热点区域的氖光照明的均匀发光可以用于广告而没有可见的和难看的干扰。因此,任何研发出来用于复现氖光照明效果的照明装置也必须在其长度上具有轴向均匀的光线分布并绕其周围基本均匀分布。同样重要的是,这种照明装置必须具有至少可以与氖光照明相比较的亮度。而且,由于氖光照明是一个成熟的产业,为打入氖光照明市场,一种有竞争力的照明装置必须是重量轻并且具有出众的可操作性。众所周知,氖光照明装置实际上易碎。由于其易碎性和主要来自其下部支撑结构的较重重量,使氖光照明装置在包装和运输方面是昂贵的。而且,开始操作、安装、和/或更换氖光照明结构是极其难处理的。任何在将其尺寸、重量和可操作性的缺点减到最小的同时可以提供上面列举的氖光照明优点的照明装置将为照明技术带来重大的进步。
1990年1月9日颁发给Boren并转让给Gulf Development公司的美国专利No.4,891,896是许多复现氖光照明的尝试的一个例子。类似于这样的尝试,大多数现有技术的氖光模拟得出了难于制造的结构而在重量和可操作性的改进方面进展甚微。Boren的专利通过提供一种具有必要的浅浮雕文字的塑料面板举例说明了这一点。组成文字的材料是透明的,并涂敷一种半透明材料。周围的材料是不透明的。当面板被从背后照亮时,文字会发出具有类似氖光强度的光。
更近的,以高强度发光二极管作为例子的较轻重量的抗破损点光源的引入,给那些对模拟氖光照明的照明装置感兴趣并在这个方向上做出了许多努力的人们以很大的希望。然而,氖光照明的这两项特性,均匀性和亮度,已被证明是难以逾越的障碍,因为在提高光线分布的均匀性和亮度之间的折衷很大程度地妨碍了模拟氖光照明的尝试。例如,1990年12月11日颁发给Bianchi的美国专利No.4,976,057描述了一种装置,其包括一种透明或半透明的中空塑料管,该塑料管毗邻一张板状材料安装,该板状材料具有与该塑料管一起延伸的透光区域。该板被例如发光二极管的光源从背后照亮。该发光二极管形成了塑料管的形状。塑料管可以被制成包括文字在内的任何形状。尽管塑料管可以被这样的设置照亮,此设置的光线传输效率很可能使“发光”管具有不足以与氖光照明相称的强度。点光源如发光二极管的使用可以提供与氖光照明抗衡或超过它的强光,但是在其排列成阵列时缺乏所需的均匀性并遗憾地在照明表面提供了交替的高低强度区域。使发光平滑的尝试导致了不可接受的低强度照明。
因此,本发明的一个主要目的在于提供一种节能的、牢不可破的氖光照明装置的替代装置。
本发明另一个重要的目标在于提供一种照明装置,该装置可以在提供包括均匀性和亮度在内的所有氖光照明的实用功效的同时能安全地运输和经济地运行。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种氖光照明的替换装置,该装置是环保的,不需要氖气,并且比其相应的氖光照明装置消耗显著少的电能。
另一个重要目的在于提供一种氖光灯的等同物,该灯易于安装而不需要复杂的高压电气安装。
又一个目的在于提供一种照明装置,该装置可以放置在例如冰箱等恶劣环境而不需要防止用户的意外接触的防护装置。
本发明的这些以及其它的目的将通过对下述讨论和附图的阅读而显而易见并得到强调。
发明内容
本发明使用一种材料的异型杆,该材料具有优先散射进入一侧表面(“光接收表面”)的光线的波导特性,以使得由杆的另一侧表面(“光发射表面”)所发射的合成光强图形沿杆的长度延长。光源沿光接收表面延伸并邻近光接收表面,并且与光发射表面隔开一段距离,该距离足以产生一个细长光强图形,该光强图形的主轴沿着杆的长度方向而副轴具有一个基本覆盖光发射表面全部圆周宽度的宽度。在一种优选的设置下,光源为一列间隔开一段距离的点光源,该距离足以允许由每个点光源发射进入该杆的光线的映射,以便沿光发射表面并沿圆周环绕该表面产生细长和重叠的光强图形,以使得合成的光强图形从通常的正面和侧面观察时感觉在整个光发射表面上是均匀的。
附图说明
图1为本发明的照明装置的一个正面透视图;
图2是类似于图1的透视图,具有一断裂部分以示出其内部;
图3为如图1所示照明装置的放大侧视图;
图3A为图3所示照明装置的放大的壁部分;
图3B为类似图3A所示的、其结构具有变化的放大壁部分;
图4、图5和图6分别为用于本发明的连接到电路板的二极管的前视图、侧视图和顶视图,而图5还示出了该装置中的发光二级管和电路板的结构;
图5A和图5B示出了如本发明中所设置的二极管和电路板的另一种可选结构的侧视图。
图7A和图7B分别地示出了说明单个点光源的光线分布特性的曲线图以及用于测量该光线分布特性的装置的示意图;
图7C和图7D分别地示出了说明单个点光源的光线分布特性的曲线图以及用于测量该光线分布特性的装置的示意图,该点光源安装在根据本发明构造的一种装置之中;
图7E和图7F分别地示出了具有重叠的单独的光线分布图形的波导的麦卡托(Mercator)式顶部投影以及被照明的横向表面的侧面示意图;
图8为使用椭圆形发光二极管辅助产生细长光强图形的光线分布规格化图形;
图9A、图9B和图9C示出了根据本发明的照明装置的灯壳中的发光二极管的若干个不同的内部位置;
图10A和图10B示出了根据本发明的不同灯壳结构的例子;
图11示出了具有多列发光二极管的本发明的照明装置;
图12示出了根据本发明制作的照明装置的一种支撑技术;
图13示出了根据本发明制作的单独发光装置的一种连接技术;
图14示出了一种优选实施例中的变化,其中二极管在灯壳中倾斜;
图15示出了另一种变化,其中二极管在灯壳中倒置;
图16示出了一个实施例,其中发光二极管位于波导体本身所形成的槽内;
图17示出了另一个实施例,其中光源为一种其本身细长并沿平行于波导轴线的方向延伸的光源;以及
图18示出了具有发光二极管的电子线路的示意图,用于提供可以与本发明的照明装置一起使用的照明序列。
具体实施方式
为提供所希望的结果,也就是说,作为一种有效的氖光照明模拟装置的照明装置,重要的是,为元件部分和那些适当地并几何地设置的部分选择合适的材料,以使得所组成的照明设备在整个表面上具有一种基本均匀的光强分布图形,并具有可获得的最大亮度。为此,必须使用一种高强度小尺寸光源,以及同时作为光学波导和光线散射元件但是允许光线从侧面离开其表面(一种“泄漏波导”)的元件。通过以一种特定的方式把光源设置为毗邻该泄漏波导,以使得波导在其侧表面均匀地发光并使离开该表面的光线数量最大,申请人能够获得与氖光管的均匀发光相抗衡或优于其的照明装置。有许多种具有所要求的必要光线强度输出的光源,但其中大多数对于使用来说尽寸太大、易碎、或者耗能太多。进一步地认识到,最好的光源可能是一种具有较小直径,在其全长上提供均匀的光线输出的光源。然而,此种光源还没有被研制到能提供所需强度的技术状态。因此,申请人认为,用于该目的的最为可用的光源为一串或多串相邻安装的实质性的点光源,例如位置间隔开的高强度发光二极管。
本发明的照明装置的最终目的在于模拟一种照明氖管,该氖管发出具有合适的强度并在其全长上均匀的光。因此,申请人认为,重要的是泄漏波导(用于模拟氖管)由一种具有足够扩散率的材料的异型杆构成,该材料与本发明的其它元件一起共同直观地消除任何由各发光二极管或其它光源产生的可分辨的单个的光分布光线图形。如上所述,异型波导将光线沿其长度方向优先散射却最终允许光线通过其侧表面离开。这样的波导为每个发光二极管提供一种可见的细长或椭圆形的光线图形,在其中心最为明亮而从其中心连续地沿该图形的主轴和副轴减弱。通过将发光二极管间隔分开一定的距离并使每个发光二级管离泄漏波导的暴露的和侧向远侧一段合适的距离,泄漏波导远侧表面上的光强分布图形被重叠到这样一种程度,以使得该图形的变化变平坦。这导致在侧表面上合成的光线图形对于观察者来说沿波导的长度方向具有均匀的强度。包括例如光源形状在内的本发明的照明装置的其它元件可以帮助构造所要求的亮度和均匀性。
在结构上,在图1到图6中描绘了本发明的优选实施例并总体地将其表示为附图标号10。装置10可以被认为具有两个主要元件。第一元件为一个波导12,该波导具有一个作为光发射表面的暴露的弯曲侧表面13以及一个作为光接收表面的隐藏的侧表面15(见图3)。波导12是前面提及的泄漏波导而表面13作为氖管的对应物。换句话说,从侧面进入波导的来自毗邻表面15的光源的光线被优先散射,以使其以一种宽细长光强分布图形离开表面13。直观地,当不被从其内部照明时,波导12由于进入波导并最终离开其侧表面的环境光线的均匀散射而具有乳白色外观。申请人业已发现经适当处理的丙烯酸材料适于散射光线,并具有较高的抗冲击性,是用于构成本发明的波导元件的优选材料。当成型为异型杆时,该杆具有所希望的泄漏波导的特性。而且,这样的材料易于被模制或压制成具有所希望的形状的杆,用于任何所希望的照明应用,该材料的重量非常轻,并能够经受颠簸的运输和粗暴的操作。由于具有所希望特性的丙烯酸材料容易得到,例如可以根据定货号DR66080从宾夕法尼亚州费城的AtoHass公司获得,并具有附加的闷光特性。当成型为杆时,该丙烯酸材料可以观测到具有所希望的泄漏波导特性。其它的材料例如颗粒成型的(beaded blasted)丙烯酸或聚碳酸酯,或具有所希望的优先光线散射特性的喷涂的丙烯酸或聚碳酸酯也可以用于其它应用。
本发明的第二元件为一个邻近波导12的表面15设置的灯壳14。灯壳14包括一对邻接的侧壁20、22,所述两侧壁紧靠表面14并从表面14向下延伸并形成一个大致沿波导12的长度方向延伸的端部开口槽18。灯壳14通常用于放置光源和电器附件并汇集不直接发射到表面15上的光线而将其重新引向到波导。换句话说,灯壳通过把入射到灯壳内表面上的光线反射到波导12并帮助光线的散射,进一步用于增加光线的汇集效率。从观察者的角度来看,希望灯壳14的视觉效果相对于波导12的发光表面13不是过分突出;因此,优选地,灯壳外表面为吸收光线的,这样观察者看起来是暗的。此外,优选地灯壳由一种抗冲击的丙烯酸材料制成,具有外部区域的外壁20和22由一种暗色丙烯酸形成,因而是吸收光线的,而内部区域由一种白色丙烯酸形成,因而是反射光线的。此两区域在图3A可清楚地看到,其示出了壁20的一个放大片断,在该壁中,外部区域20a为暗色丙烯酸而内部区域20b为白色丙烯酸。这种丙烯酸材料优选地与波导使用的材料相同。尽管波导12和灯壳14可以分别地形成再适当地连接,优选使这些元件模制或挤压成一个元件,为沿长度部分具有已形成的槽18。
图3B示出了一种可选的壁结构,其中壁20’具有三个元件,一个外侧暗色区域20c,一个中间光线反射区域20d,以及一个透明壁20e,该壁可以由一种与波导一样的散射丙烯酸组成。外部和中间区域20c和20d可以为涂敷在壁20’上的暗色和白色涂层,该壁本身可以由一种透明的丙烯酸材料或散射丙烯酸组成。如果需要,光反射涂层可以为一种与发光二极管相匹配的颜色。
尽管上述讨论提出了灯壳的一种优选的结构,应当理解,在一些应用中,反射和吸收特性可以通过光反射和光吸收涂层或带来提供。此外,在与灯壳的可见性不太相关的地方,可以不必向侧壁外表面提供光反射和/或光吸收特性。
本发明的一种最有益的特性在于照明装置10可以容易地被弯曲以形成结构或文字。槽18使装置10可以容易地变形并弯曲成所希望的形状。一旦装置10被成型,发光二极管24和电气连接板26就插入槽18中,而后槽18为一种填充化合物所填充。此后,填充物或灌注化合物硬化,这样就保持了发光二极管和电路板26的位置。有各种可以位于槽18内的发光二极管24和板26的结构。图5A和图5B示出了这些结构的例子。根据该布置的紧凑特性,图5示出了一种优选的结构。然而,在此布置下,重要的是观察电路板26在槽18中的定向,以使得板26沿槽的长度方向延伸以便于弯曲。具有连接发光二极管24的电路板26的柔性使该杆状结构可以插入槽18而发光二极管24的顶点基本上邻接波导12的下表面(如图3所示)。同样重要的是,用于填充槽18的灌注化合物30具有所希望的透光特性并有效地保持发光二极管和电路板的位置。灌注化合物还用于消除发光二极管与波导之间的气隙。优选地,灌注化合物硬化成为一种抗冲击的材料,该材料具有基本上与发光二极管24的灯壳24a相匹配的折射率,以将其之间界面的菲涅尔(Fresnel)损失减到最小。灌注化合物进一步通过填充槽18增加了结构强度并帮助减少在侧表面13形成热点。这些灌注化合物可以从一般地可用的透明的种类中选择,例如可从康涅狄格州的Rocky Hill的Loctite公司获得的其商标名为DurabondE00CL的材料。同样如图3所见的,该装置10的底表面可以被光反射表面32覆盖,该表面可以是例如一种白色灌注化合物或涂层,并且选择性地用一种光吸收材料34覆盖。在那些所选择的发光二极管24具有某种颜色的实例中,光反射表面也可以被选择为具有一种相匹配的或大致相同的颜色。为利用环境光线,某种染料可以被添加到丙烯酸材料中,以使得装置10显示出一些观察时易于辨识的颜色。
优选地用于本发明的点光源的强度通常足以提供必需的亮度。然而,本发明的精髓是值得重述的,其在于点光源的单个光线图形细致的传播或分布,以使得光线图形优先地沿光发射表面扩展并形成一种椭圆形或类似椭圆形的光强图形。同样重要的是,椭圆形光强图形的副轴大致地延伸到弯曲光发射表面的整个圆周宽度。每个光强图形沿波导的优先扩散也使各光线图形可以重叠。这反过来使本发明能够提供一种看起来均匀的合成光线图形,该图形沿着并覆盖整个光发射表面。
有各种对于由波导12的表面13发射的光强图形的亮度和均匀性具有影响的参数。其中最重要的是波导材料的散射特性,如图2所示的发光二极管24之间的间隙“l”,发光二极管灯壳和发光二极管光线发射部分所在的内部光学装置的透镜化效果,灯壳的形状和结构,以及从发光二极管24a的顶点到侧表面13上的顶点12a的距离“d”(如图3所示)。为增进在波导表面上光强分布图形的均匀性,发光二极管24必须设置为距波导的顶点12a一个预定的距离“d”。把发光二极管设置得过于靠近表面将使“热点”产生,也就是说,一个较高的光线强度的区域局部地出现在波导的表面12a上,并破坏了均匀的发光的质量。把它过分远离表面12a将明显地并不希望地减少由波导12发射出的总光线强度,并也可能防止椭圆形或类似椭圆形的副轴在光发射表面的圆周宽度上延伸。仅作为一个例子,其被认为是,当弯曲表面具有一个约为3/16英寸(约4.76mm)的曲率半径时,装置10(如图3所示)具有一个约为31mm的高度“h”和一个约为9.5mm的宽度“w”,而发光二极管具有一个约为280mcd的烛光并间隔开约12mm,距离“d”应该为约17.75mm到17.80mm。然而,应当理解,尽管上面描述了一种在尺寸上类似氖管的优选的波导结构,可以使用其它的和不同的同样能够提供所希望的均匀发光的波导形状。
为更好地理解本发明的工作原理,现参考图7A到图7F,作为示例,其说明了典型的二极管的光线强度和光图形传播与根据本发明构造的照明装置的光线强度和光图形传播相比光线强度和光图形传播的变化的例子。单个的发光二极管或点光源提供一种如图7A以曲线图方式示出的窄光强图形54。这种图形可以通过使用一种如图7B所示的光电池型装置50并从与中心线51成不同角度逐渐测量光线强度而产生。这种光线图形54应该与图7C中所示的相反,其中图形56相当宽,在强度上沿中心线51具有一个相伴的缩减量。图7C表示由根据本发明构造的波导12的侧面13所发射的较宽图形。如上所述,重要的是距离“d”和发光二极管间隔开的距离“l”使得各发光二极管的椭圆形强度图形如图7E的示意图中所描绘的那样重叠,而图7C中所描绘的投影示意性地表示多个在波导12的侧面13上提供的加宽的重叠椭圆形光强图形31的发光二极管。图7E为在侧表面13上的光线图形区域24使用麦卡托(Mercator)型投影的顶视图。光强图形31的副轴以虚线33表示。如上所述,对于任何波导的给定尺寸和点光源的间隔,重要的是距离“d”被合适地设置,以使得光强分布图形的副轴基本延伸到沿弯曲侧面光发射表面13的整个圆周宽度。为了本公开的目的,光强分布图形可以被定义为从观察者明显地可见的区域的中心部分延伸出的光线图形的可见区域。
为进一步帮助光强图形的优先扩散和散射,申请人进一步确定,如图6所示的椭圆形发光二极管的使用是有帮助的。当椭圆型发光二极管设置为从顶视图所见的椭圆形光线图形主轴沿波导12的纵轴时,获得最好的效果。椭圆形发光二极管的特征光线图形如图8所示,以曲线图形方式描述了沿主轴和副轴的规格化光线强度。正如所见到的,椭圆形发光二极管往往沿由曲线36所示的其主轴导引光线。
本发明的照明装置10较轻的重量和强度使其适于通过各种安装技术安装到几乎任何表面。例如,如图12所示,装置10的延伸长度通过使用支架钩40和紧固件42被以窗帘杆形式安装于壁板44。而且,装置10的连续长度可以容易地并列,例如,如图13所示,其中与波导12、12’的材料折射率相匹配的暗销46插入各端的互补的孔中。可以使用包括将各个不同长度在其末端粘接的其它紧固技术。在一些实例中,当长度被适当地支撑时,长度的末端可能仅仅放置在并排接触的位置。这样,可以容易地理解,具有不确定长度的照明装置10可以容易地被安装并支撑。
图9A、图9B和图9C以示意性的形式表示,但在一些可选的结构中,发光二极管24位置适当地离波导顶点一段距离。图9A描述了在波导12和发光二极管24之间的一种光散射分隔件48。此种分隔件48可以由与波导相同的材料制成,也即一种高抗冲击阻力丙烯酸材料。图9B表示一种具有槽18的结构,槽的大小以使得发光二极管邻接于槽的内表面并在发光二极管灯壳顶点和波导12之间形成一个间隙50。图3示出了填充了发光二极管24和波导12之间间隙的透明灌注化合物的使用。在发光二极管24和电路板36设置在其中后,化合物可以容易地引入槽18中。
图10A和图10B示出了照明装置10的结构,该装置包括可以根据照明装置的应用而改变的波导和/或灯壳。图10A描述了急剧地并入波导12分叉侧壁23、25的平行侧壁20、22。图10B示出的结构中,侧壁20、22逐渐地分叉并与波导12分叉的侧壁23、25相重合。图11描述的照明装置10进一步地变化,在该装置中,在上述讨论中的单串可能为多串发光二极管所代替。包括反射和吸收层在内的各种其它元件未在图中示出,以保持图的清晰。
尽管优选地,发光二极管24如图3所示定向于竖直方向,以沿光线图形提供最有效的光线强度,也可以使用其它的位置设置。图14示出了一个例子,其中发光二极管的位置设置为倾斜,以使得发光二极管的中心轴线50’与垂直于纵轴52的发光二极管中心轴线的法线方向50成一个预定的角度X。图15示出其顶点相对应于波导轴线长度方向向下设置(垂直或倾斜地设置)的发光二极管24。各种反射表面的光汇集把发光二极管24的光引导到波导,以与上述相同的方式散射。
图16描述了另一种结构,其中发光二极管120或点光源的灯壳110直接与波导100的主体结合,该波导主体具有反射和吸收层,为滑晰起见而未视出。
随着技术的发展,光源可以制成为细长的或绳状形式,例如与泄漏波导旁并列替代发光二极管串具有足够光线强度的场致发光材料片。图17示出了照明装置140的这样一种结构,一种细长光源170在灯壳160中沿平行于波导150的纵向轴线延伸。
薄而有弹性的电路板26可以由多种来源获得,例如,明尼苏达州圣保罗市的柔性电路技术公司(Flexible Circuit Technologies)。电路板26上的电路与电气连接特性取决于所希望的照明序列。尽管电路不是本发明的一部分,应该注意到,本发明的结构特性允许了相当多的序列变化。换句话说,照明装置的较轻重量,能经受包装、操作、运输、安装的苛刻条件,以及照明装置的最小发热等方面提供了基本上无限的照明和颜色序列的可能性。例如电路板可以具有各种电气元件,这些电气元件可以使光源可以按时控序列闪烁和减弱而产生运动效果。各种光源颜色可以被使用并在几乎任何组合中闪烁/减弱。如果发光二极管的不同颜色交错,那么就可以获得条纹效果。图18示意性地示出了可以用于本发明的电路。示出了大量发光二极管230顺次连接于远距离电源232、NPN晶体管234,而晶体管234又连接于可编程控制器236。类似地连接到电源232、NPN晶体管242、以及控制器236的第二套发光二极管240和另外一组发光二极管可以分开编组或按照希望与发光二极管230相互交替。使用用上面的分组,控制器236可以被编程,以使晶体管开或关,从而使第一组以及后续的发光二极管组脉动或闪烁,模拟运动。如果安装在一个装置上的各组形成一个例如“喝可乐”的单词序列,该单词可以依次闪烁。如果各组的发光二极管在位置上交替,那么得到的组可以形成多种颜色的条纹图形。
根据上述讨论,应当理解,本发明的照明装置是牢固的并且在相应的氖光照明装置的运输和操作时能够抗破裂。照明光源,优选地,固体照明装置例如发光二极管,使用非常少的电能并保持触摸起来相对凉爽。这使得本发明的照明装置可用于氖光照明产生的热量限制了其使用的场合。而且,该照明装置较轻的重量便于安装在不能支撑氖光照明装置相对较重的重量的支撑结构上,而其所需的附件包括高压基础设施。最后,照明装置在使用中具有灵活性,允许大量在氖光照明中非常难于获得的各种照明技术而基本上不需花费。对于本领域的技术人员,本发明其它的优点和用途将通过阅读这里的公开而显而易见,并应当为下面提出的权利要求所覆盖。
Claims (31)
1.一种用于模拟氖光照明的照明装置,其包括:
大致地为杆状的元件,其具有一个预定长度,并具有侧面的光接收表面和一个有预定圆周宽度的侧面的弯曲的光发射表面,所述元件由具有光学波导和光线散射属性的材料构成,该材料将进入所述光接收表面的光线散射成为所述光发射表面上的细长光强图形,该光强图形具有沿所述预定长度延伸的主轴;
大量间隔开的点光源,其沿所述光接收表面延伸并邻近该表面,并且,与所述光发射表面隔开一段足够的距离,以使所述发射表面上的所述光强图形具有大致延伸到所述光发射表面整个圆周宽度的副轴;
灯壳,其中设置有所述点光源,所述灯壳沿所述光接收表面延伸并具有一对侧壁,每个侧壁具有一个内部光反射表面和一个外部光吸收表面;以及
电气连接元件,其位于所述灯壳之中,并适于把所述点光源连接到远距离电源。
2.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述的点光源是发光二极管。
3.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述的发光二极管具有椭圆形,其主轴沿所述一条线的方向延伸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述灯壳包括一种柔性材料,而所述电气连接元件具有足够的柔性,以使其被弯曲到符合任何由所述灯壳形成的非直线形状。
5.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置,包括填充所述灯壳的内部空间的透光材料,以保持所述点光源和电气连接元件在所述灯壳中的位置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述透光材料是透明的。
7.根据权利要求5所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述透光材料具有光散射特性。
8.根据权利要求5所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述点光源包括多个发光二极管,而所述透光材料具有与所述发光二极管的灯壳的折射率基本相匹配的折射率,以将其之间界面的菲涅尔损失减到最小。
9.根据权利要求5所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述透光材料形成了沿所述灯壳延伸的底壁,所述底壁具有光反射面,用于将入射到其上的光反射到所述杆状元件中。
10.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置,包括一个透光分隔件,该分隔件位于所述点光源和所述光接收表面之间并大致地与所述点光源相邻接。
11.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述杆状元件和所述灯壳为一体的并由抗冲击的丙烯酸组成。
12.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置,其特征在于发光二极管具有位于相对于所述光接收表面基本竖直位置的灯壳,各灯壳的顶点毗邻于所述杆状元件的所述光接收表面。
13.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置,其特征在于发光二极管具有相对于杆状元件的长度倾斜的灯壳。
14.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置,其特征在于发光二极管具有相对于所述光接收表面设置成颠倒位置的灯壳,所述发光二极管向远离所述光接收表面的方向发光。
15.一种用于模拟氖光照明的照明装置,包括:
透光元件,其具有一个预定长度,并具有大致弯曲的光发射表面和光接收表面,所述元件由一种材料组成,该材料具有光学波导和光散射属性,该材料将进入所述光接收表面的光线散射成所述光发射表面上的细长光强图形,该图形具有沿所述预定长度延伸的主轴;
灯壳,其具有间隔开的侧壁,该侧壁邻接于所述光接收面并形成一个沿所述透光元件的所述预定长度延伸的空间,所述侧壁具有光反射内表面和光吸收外表面;以及
大量间隔开的点光源,其位于所述空间之中并沿所述预定长度延伸,所述间隔开的点光源与所述光发射表面隔开一段距离,该距离足以使来自各点光源的光强图形与相邻的光强图形相重叠,以使得从所述光发射表面合成地发射的光强图形看起来是均匀的。
16.根据权利要求15所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述侧壁的内表面用光反射材料覆盖而其外表面用光吸收材料覆盖。
17.根据权利要求15所述的照明装置,其特征在于包括由透明材料制成的分隔元件,该元件位于并填充所述点光源和所述元件之间的空间部分。
18.根据权利要求15所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述点光源是发光二极管。
19.根据权利要求18所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述电气元件连接于已编程的处理器,以使所述发光二极管独立地闪烁。
20.根据权利要求19所述的照明装置,其特征在于发光二极管以一个时间序列闪烁。
21.根据权利要求19所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述发光二极管沿第一串的长度在连续的组中闪烁,从而模拟运动。
22.根据权利要求21所述的照明装置包括大量的发光二极管,其安装在第二串,该串位于所述空间之中,并沿所述灯壳的延伸方向延伸,所述的第二串与所述的电气元件相连接以使其被独立地供给能量。
23.根据权利要求21所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述第一串的所述发光二极管沿所述灯壳的长度与所述第二串的所述发光二极管交替地设置。
24.根据权利要求22所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述第一串的所述发光二极管发射与第二串的发光二极管不同颜色的光线。
25.一种用于模拟氖光照明的照明装置,包括:
基本上固体的泄漏波导杆,其具有一个预定的长度,并具有侧面的光接收表面和侧面的光发射表面;
大量间隔开的点光源,其大致地沿所述光接收表面的所述预定长度延伸,并设置成邻近于所述光接收表面,用于将一部分由所述点光源发射的光线直接发射到所述光接收表面中;以及
灯壳,其位于所述波导杆外面并邻近该杆,并形成一个环绕所述点光源的空间,从而所述灯壳包括具有光反射内表面的侧壁,并用于汇集并导引由所述点光源发射到所述侧面的光接收表面的光,以使得光线地沿泄漏波导杆的预定长度被导引,以一种细长光强图形离开所述光发射表面,该图形具有一个沿所述波导杆的长度延伸的主轴。
26.根据权利要求25所述的照明装置,进一步包括填充至少部分所述空间并邻接所述光接收表面和所述点光源的透明材料,所述透明材料具有一个降低所述点光源和所述波导之间的菲涅尔(Fresnel)损失的折射率。
27.根据权利要求25所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述点光源是发光二极管。
28.根据权利要求27所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述透明材料的折射率基本上与所述波导杆和所述发光二极管的灯壳的折射率相同。
29.根据权利要求27所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述发光二极管离所述光发射表面一段足够的距离,以使来自各点光源的光强图形能够与相邻的光强图形相重叠,使得从所述光发射表面合成地发射的光强图形看起来是均匀的。
30.根据权利要求25所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述波导杆由具有光散射特性的丙烯酸构成。
31.根据权利要求25所述的照明装置,其特征在于所述侧壁具有外部的光吸收表面。
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US09/982,705 US6592238B2 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2001-10-18 | Illumination device for simulation of neon lighting |
US09/982,705 | 2001-10-18 |
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- 2001-10-18 US US09/982,705 patent/US6592238B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-11 CA CA002434955A patent/CA2434955C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-11 MX MXPA03006750A patent/MXPA03006750A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-12-11 RU RU2003126587/28A patent/RU2265156C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-11 NZ NZ527903A patent/NZ527903A/en unknown
- 2001-12-11 KR KR10-2003-7010034A patent/KR20030085525A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-11 AU AU2002228952A patent/AU2002228952B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-12-11 BR BRPI0116848-7A patent/BR0116848B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-11 WO PCT/US2001/047629 patent/WO2002061328A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-12-11 CN CNB018224237A patent/CN100398905C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-11 EP EP01990080A patent/EP1364155A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-12-11 JP JP2002561238A patent/JP2004526185A/ja active Pending
- 2001-12-11 IL IL15706401A patent/IL157064A0/xx unknown
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2003
- 2003-04-14 US US10/413,005 patent/US6953262B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-23 IL IL157064A patent/IL157064A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2004
- 2004-11-11 HK HK04108901A patent/HK1066045A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL157064A (en) | 2008-12-29 |
MXPA03006750A (es) | 2003-11-13 |
AU2002228952B2 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
NZ527903A (en) | 2004-03-26 |
US6592238B2 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
US20030198046A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
US20020191386A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
US6953262B2 (en) | 2005-10-11 |
CN1526058A (zh) | 2004-09-01 |
KR20030085525A (ko) | 2003-11-05 |
HK1066045A1 (en) | 2005-03-11 |
IL157064A0 (en) | 2004-02-08 |
JP2004526185A (ja) | 2004-08-26 |
EP1364155A4 (en) | 2006-12-06 |
BR0116848B1 (pt) | 2013-02-05 |
BR0116848A (pt) | 2004-02-10 |
CA2434955C (en) | 2006-10-17 |
CA2434955A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
US7188970B2 (en) | 2007-03-13 |
WO2002061328A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
RU2003126587A (ru) | 2005-02-27 |
US20050231950A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
RU2265156C2 (ru) | 2005-11-27 |
EP1364155A1 (en) | 2003-11-26 |
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