CN100435632C - Localized surface volatilization - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for rapid flash-like volatilization of high and low vapor pressure components from liquid or solid emanators which is in contact with a point or localized heat source. Vaporization is promoted by a geometrically small electrically resistive heating element with variable activation for pulsed or cyclic heating of an emanating surface containing the volatile components. The apparatus is primarily directed towards the treatment of residential air for fragrancing, odor elimination, treatment of insects or pests, air sanitization, air and surface antibacterial or antimicrobial treatment, or other ambient air or surface modification by way of gas or vapor distribution.

Description

The local surfaces volatilization device

Cross reference to related application

The application is the temporary patent application number 60/386,998 on June 6th, 2002 based on the applying date, and requires the priority of this application.

Background of the present invention

The present invention relates to from liquid or solid emanometer that point or local heat source contact the apparatus and method of the high and low vapor pressure composition of quickflashing sample volatilization.Evaporation is to be undertaken by small-sized geometrically resistance heating material, and it can activate changeably, so that the divergence surface that contains described volatile ingredient is carried out pulse or circulation heating.

The field of the invention relates generally to the fragrance of dwelling house air and handles, deodorizing, and insect or insect are handled, air sterillization, air and surperficial antibacterium or antimicrobial treatment, or carry out other surrounding airs or finishing by gas or steam distribution.Application comprises pocket, for example can wear or be carried on the waistband of human body, is fixed for Local treatment, for example, covers less area, or is fixed for spatial manipulation, for example, covers the whole room of dwelling house or building.Other use fields can comprise commerce and other public environment that need carry out air or finishing by gas treatment.

In history, air is modified and handled is to live always, amusement, and work and other indoor and local outdoor environments beautify the part with functionalization.Intrinsic problem is to have beautifying or functionalization volatilization of enough vapor pressure always, so that by mode independently environment is carried out suitable processing, this way is being subjected to limitation aspect quantity and their treatment effect.Consequently utilize heating to help the evaporation higher molecular weight and have very long history than the way of low vapor pressure compound.

The use of heat has increased the aesthetics that can be used for air quality control and the scope of functional compounds.Some have used flame (candle system, furnace roof etc.) certain of last type.Although always effectively, and use constantly now, be difficult to utilize from the heat of flame, because be difficult to regulate and control the size of heat, and flame has bigger temperature fluctuation range usually.Other problems comprises the influence to big surface, and the non-temperature of having a mind to the position that promptly may raise may make the parts blackening from the coal smoke of flame, and flame may send niff, and the solution that volatilize may very fast degraded, and adjustable is very little.The result is that a lot of materials can not use when using flame system.

Except the flame type system, occurred chemical heat already and distributed reinforcing agent.A lot of well-known and simple compounds can obtain, as at United States Patent (USP) 6,248, and 257 and 6,289, disclosed in 889, and comprise calcium oxide, sulfuric acid aluminum bronze, potassium chlorate, calcium sulphate, iron oxide, bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry, and other compounds.There is following problem in chemical heat source, and it can not strictly control temperature, can not stop relevant reaction, and a lot of chemical heat source has reaction or afterreaction aggressivity composition in advance.

The carrying method in another generation comprises that it can advance little drop such as Compressed Gas or aerocolloidal device, and it is long-pending to produce big aggregation surface, so that fluid composition is evaporate in the air.This system proves effective with application scene for the short time very much.But, also be feasible for continuous air-treatment.Handle one group of simple technology at this interested position, it is gel with open or semi-enclosed support, fibrous, or have activity absorption or absorption and the distributor of the other materials of reinforcing agent, it can promote passive distributing by increasing surface area.Owing to need big surface area, caused this product huge, heaviness, and have ugly use characteristic, and to shrink as gel, structure exposes, surperficial dirt etc.

Other passive type metering systems that occurred already and used already comprise half penetrating film, wick, and capillary, porous material or other fluids are carried and divergence surface.Other goods such as deodorant and distillation piece also are used to by evaporating the air-treatment steam distribution in atmosphere.The performance of these systems has a great difference, and, although have the new material and the newly-designed combined system that can promote evaporation by passive method, may there be the defective identical with fiber system with gel listed above in they, and they lack the optimum performance quality usually.

Utilize electrified system to promote the way of the evaporation of enhancing increasing, this method is by using heating, air movement, dynamo-electric fog machine or additive method or combination always.Heating and/or air flow combined with the top multiple passive type air method of modifying of mentioning already.Air current system slightly is better than passive system, but needs the bigger effect of area to be improved of dispersing always.The system capacity that is increased makes active component have better effect, and depends on the complexity of these devices, better transportation performance.Although be successful on this overall system, they still have important performance characteristic still unresolved.

The present invention's general introduction

The invention provides and be used for family or commerce, indoor or outdoors, fixing or portable applications, the device and the heating means of the local heater that utilization can pulsed activates.Described device comprise contact or be connected on the divergence surface such as wire, film, or the ohmic heating parts of thick-film resistor heater, the heat by pulse electric power input is produced can make volatile compound volatilize from described divergence surface.Described heater preferably includes the Nicrome wire, and this wire contacts wick, and wick is heated, so that the lip-deep active component of described wick is evaporated in the surrounding air.Heating preferably utilizes alkaline battery or rechargeable battery to realize, and can adopt desk-top and portable, wearable device.Described local heater and pulse cycle work combination have produced Fast Heating and cooling.Restriction heat is conducted away from described heating region, by the intensity of power cycle, and the release of time and FREQUENCY CONTROL effluent, and to the less heat damage of described effluent generation.Described heater is to disperse Enhancement Method with other, as the air of motion, and the technology essential factor of vision or acoustic stimuli combination.

The invention solves a lot of unsatisfied performance that existing apparatus has.One of described performance is the requirement to portability.The passive type device is of portable form, but normally effect is relatively poor.Dynamic device is more effective, but is confined to provide the device of power to be confined to the enhancing technology of dispersing of using energy consumption lower using near power output end mouth place relatively by battery, can consume the available energy content of battery rapidly as fan, resistance heater.Owing to can not use heat energy, same significant limitation the active substance that can on this device, effectively use.All conventional device all also do not satisfy the parameter of function or aesthetic requirement and relevant product expection well to be selected, as complete spatial manipulation, and variable processing intensity, the change system is to adapt to different compound etc.The present invention solves important performance issue by using effective resistance heater, and by the size with heater narrow down to realize expection disperse the needed very little area of purpose, solved the problems referred to above.

Another advantage of the present invention has provided the volatilization humidification that can improve the air-treatment performance.Specifically, this method relates to the PULSE HEATING of using film heater low in calories, its heating and cooling rapidly.This feasible intensity that described heater can be used for by heating, the quantity of active material that time and frequency measurement are distributed.Change can be according to the size variation of processing environment, air-treatment requirement, individual preference, and the characteristic change above-mentioned parameter of different activities material and solution.No matter thermal source is a flame, ohmic heating, and chemical reactions etc. use the heated at constant temperature system all not obtain above-mentioned feature.Usually also air movement system is fixed in their air flow, even and described parameter adjusted, the use of air flow also may be confined to the components utilising than low vapor pressure.

The present invention also provides and has utilized part and PULSE HEATING so that reduce the advantage of dispersing the change of flowing out composition.Usually utilizing heating to promote to distribute, is that described solution is placed under stable and the higher temperature.Consequently, the direct area of being not only bigger heater and divergence surface is heated to higher temperature, and equally very fast with described device, and the temperature ground of matrix or container and its contents raises.This has not only caused total reinforcement of dispersing, and stable heating also accelerated change in concentration, and is faster because vapor pressure composition comparison low vapor pressure composition is dispersed.This can cause the continuous variation of described solution concentration, and the change that produces the contemplated composition of described effluent.

Stable heating also can make composition be in higher temperature and can accelerate under dynamic (dynamical) molecular energy of molecular degradation.With the carbon group compound is example, and that wherein modal and more weak is C-C, C-H, and C-N, and C-O, they all have the bond strength less than 100 kcal/mol.Average bonding strength is about 80 kcal/mol, and described key will be provided enough energy, so that degrade under high constant temperature.According to Joule's law, can obtain by the correlation of described electric current by the heat of conductor generation.Be H=KI ²Rt=KtP, wherein: H=heat (card), the K=proportionality constant, and its value is 0.2390 (cal/j), I=electric current (A), the resistance of R=conductor (Ω), and t=time (s), and P=power (watt=j/s).During start, (the pulsed on-time) of pulse representative value local and the pulse resistance heater can be in 0.25-3 scope second, 0.2-25 ohm and 0.2-1 ampere/cycle.For the short pulse cycle, under extreme case, its expression calorific value H＜＜80 kcal/mol.But, by stable heating, only several hrs just is equivalent to chemical bond degraded energy needed before energy is imported this system.This energy is dissipated in described solution, the container of solution, and described wick, and on other structure members.Stable heating has significantly caused the degradation kinetics that quickens.By the circulation and the compound action of local heat, obviously weaken or eliminated above-mentioned unfavorable result.

Local heat means uses less divergence surface.This is feasible, because can change the intensity of PULSE HEATING, time, and frequency are so that obtain the suitable divergence of needs from less area.Than the benefit of small size is that less area can be with the higher steam pressure composition of low temperature release products, has caused product more even in long-time.Also because the character of PULSE HEATING, described emanometer and near the effluent the heater usually not in thermal environment, and described effluent can not contact long and continuous higher energy environment.In addition because discontinuous heating, near or exist limited heat to shift away from the place of described heater.This condition has reduced possible effluent degraded, and has strengthened the effluent stability in long-time.

When by the heating of local circulation heater, can control it, and carry out best evaporation.Since under any temperature, all exist molecule in the solution intrinsic dynamics energy distributions, therefore can produce the steam pressure of liquid.Have be enough to escape from described liquid surface have a higher-energy those just be evaporated, and reach the balance of evaporation and condensation under given conditions.By to described liquid heating, have the distribution increase of the molecule of enough escape energy, improved evaporation rate and steam pressure.Owing to think that evaporation is a kind of surperficial incident, and it is the process of required liquid evaporation merely, therefore, the surface heating provides the effective method of transfer of heat to surface molecular, and has reduced transfer and the degradation process of heat in huge liquid.This evaporation mechanism can improve the energy efficiency of described system.Flood heater and caused the equilibrium energy transfer, but, the energy in the described liquid can dissipate subsequently.On described liquid surface, the high energy molecule can be escaped or short distance is diffused into described surface, and then escapes as steam.In described liquid, the high energy molecule causes the whole liquid heating by shifted their energy with other molecular collisions before escaping.Be lower than under the temperature of boiling, steam can not be gathered into bubble, and this bubble may be protected described steam, and rises to liquid surface rapidly, and a lot of high energy molecules can not arrive liquid surface so that escape, because reduced the evaporation efficiency of little energy input.Therefore, the degree of depth on surface can extend to more than the distance of a few molecules, and this distance is to be positioned to be transformed into the needed molecular characterization of packing of molecules characteristics of liquids on the liquid surface.The viscosity property of described solution, intermolecular interaction, and other features, its various constituents, and they because bulk of molecule, function, structure, and arrive the certain capabilities on described surface, the degree of intermolecular interaction, and other factors are determining described effective surface thickness, and this thickness allows described composition rapid evaporation, and don't can totally heat by significantly sacrificing.The actual consideration of efficient is that the molecule of most of evaporation is escaped described surface, be included in heater under or with the molecule of the ground evaporation side of described surface opposite, if there is such condition, will form the escape approach of growing.The actual definition of this surface thickness is considered to 300 microns, and more preferably 100 microns, it is interpreted as that the thermal line from heater is limited to distance diameter of described heater or thickness usually, and its expression is by the thermal treatment zone of minimum conducting process.The surface heating concentrates on the design of portable low energy thermal source.The circulation heating allows to use wider temperature range, has minimum effluent concentration and molecule and changes.

Can change intensity, heating with circulation of the part of time and frequency is parallel to the proportional relationship that higher temperature has more evaporation.As a result, optimal evaporation can both take place in chemistry and physical characteristic regardless of the material that is evaporated.This relation is followed following condensation phase-balance of steam: logP=-Δ H/RT+C, P=pressure wherein, Δ H=system interaction letter, R=gas constant, T=temperature (K), and C=constant.Log P maps to 1/T, and shows between condensation phase and vapor phase along with temperature increases and the steam pressure of raising.With the long low heat energy of input circulation timei, or import high heat energy with the short time, and the frequency of described circulation has obtained the evaporated liquid of similar quantity respectively.Local low quality heater can be heated to rapidly preferred near but be lower than the temperature of boiling point.This not necessarily because the multicomponent mixture of a lot of solution, or even the complex mixture of fragrant solution has the wide boiling spread of described composition.The more important thing is, heat the generation of cool cycles then rapidly, promoted all the components by even evaporation quick or that the evaporation of flash sample realizes.This mechanism provides can handle the space rapidly, keeps the concentration of described solution and the ability of stability of molecule simultaneously.Lower temperature and long available machine time circulation can be used for obtaining preliminary treatment or the maintenance of described steam in described space, and but, application subsequently becomes and more can make the people remember existing system, and there is the problem of long-time heating in these systems.Preferably, keep by rapid heating and cooling subsequently and realize, but adopt lower frequency.Therefore, continue to have kept solution concentration and stability of molecule.As a result, the intensity of heat cycles and time is metering rate for a long time, or the quantitative phase is weekly utilized the amount of local circulation heating evaporation.

Usually, in the local circulation heater, increase the Fast Heating that heat energy preferably can produce the evaporation of quickflashing sample.Restricted the heat stream or the flow of stow away from heat in the process of doing like this, it is by being determined q=-kA (MT/Mx) by Fourier's law, wherein, q=heat shifts the thermal conductivity of the described material of k=, the unit are that A=shifts, (MT/Mx)=thermograde.The thermal conductivity of representing the light hydrocarbon oil of typical organic liquid is 3.3 * 10 ^-4Cal/ (sec) (cm ²) (℃/cm), the aqueous solution is 4.3 * 10 ^-5Cal (gm)/(sec) (cm ²) (℃), and be 60.3 * 10 for air ^-6Cal/ (sec) (cm ²) (℃/cm).These values show that the thermal conductivity of air has formed heat shield, and it does not allow to shift from the available heat of heat source non-contact, and this phenomenon is common in a lot of purposes.The present invention limits circulation timei, and utilizes 10 of the common lighter hydrocarbons or the aqueous solution by contact heating fast ^-4-10 ^-5The intrinsic low thermal conductivity of thermal conductivity weakened hot transfer so that be provided for the optimal evaporation device of the effluent that air modifies, it uses limited energy, and has the product stability that has improved.

In addition, local and PULSE HEATING have been created the chance of the bigger portability of the product that adopts this technology.Local heat means heating is confined to privileged site.This purpose can be by the intensity of restriction heating, time, and the frequency of heating and realizing, and utilize the undesirable heat of advantage restriction of material behavior to shift.It has hinted that also the physical dimension of heater and shape have been limited to the influence of heat.The another kind of distant aspect of local heat provides the special composition of the heater that focuses on heating, performance, space orientation, size, and design.Correct selection to described factor provides local heat.Less size makes the design of product have higher flexibility, and wherein, volume becomes a kind of Consideration.The simplicity of described heater makes it have purposes widely, or even has multiple application in identical purposes.In conjunction with above-mentioned factor and effective energy service index, can stipulate a kind of like this heater, it can use the conventional energy or the energy content of battery with rational battery life, and has good heater performance feature.Pulse heater can realize the long-time use of the energy content of battery or effective use of wall power, and safety factor, because heater circuit does not need closed usually and pulls power supply.

Another advantage of this technology is its simplicity, it make since the size of heater and former unpractical a plurality of and independently heater become available.For example, the control of described heater can be simulation or digitized, perhaps described heater even can carry out straighforward operation.These are former all to be infeasible, because in cooling with add and pine for lacking thermal response, this might cause effluent to be dispersed simultaneously, unless need such etc.Electrically heated simplicity with the advantage of local and PULSE HEATING accompanies allows a plurality of emanometers of employing.Such embodiment has produced and multiple aromatic can be transported in the environment so that overcome the product of human adjustment, and this point has obtained confirmation by the existence that can not detect described aromatic for a long time.The emanometers different by pulse often change aromatic, and any adaptability all alleviates because the physiology relevant with environment change changes, so can detect.The extension of multiple emanometer can also comprise aromatic, deodorant, pest repellant, insecticide, fungicide, the combination of antibacterial agent etc.

What concentrate on the evaporation of local and pulse heater and energy service efficiency aspect is the space orientation of described emanometer.Described heater is the surface of close described emanometer preferably, or even contacts or be installed on this surface.Because only need geometrically little heater, it is large-scale that described emanometer there is no need equally, and preferably small-sized.Because the following fact, this combining closely is not preferred, and emanometer matrix can absorb heat energy, and makes these heat energy can not be used to evaporation, but, this closely location of the described release matrix of distance also makes described heater near described effluent.Because such as air, the insulative properties of the multiple medium of pottery etc. preferably makes described heater contact with effluent, shift and evaporation so that realize the most effective heat.Thus, described heater is subjected to more supporting or being fixed on the described matrix, becomes more reliable, and the more consistent spatial proximity of maintenance and effluent.

Another advantage of the present invention is to use and is fixed on effluent and recharges heater on the device.Therefore, the described assembly that recharges not only can comprise and hold the container with volatility composition of active components to have the wick of active component divergence surface, but also comprise heater block itself.The employing of these parts provides the above-mentioned uniformity and the reliability that are shown by described heater.With recharge the heater that device is connected the most effective spatial relationship for the evaporation of surface liquid be provided.It also provides and has been used for the heater that each recharges the renewal of device purchase, thereby has reduced the danger of the lower efficient that shifts in matrix pollution and the heat from the heater to the exhalation near heater block.It also provides at the special interface that recharges between device and the back-up system, so that guarantee safety, performance, custom-designed effluent and by using suitable other factors that device keeps that recharge.

Brief description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the local circulation heater with a plurality of emanometers of use NiCr resistance metal silk of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the perspective view of heater shown in Figure 1, has removed its lid, has exposed specific features and the user interface in the circuit;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the circuit of heater shown in Fig. 1 and 2, so that the circulation local heat of a plurality of emanometers is provided;

Fig. 4 a-4e schematically shows various resistance metal silk heater design, so that change the hot feature of described heater;

Fig. 5 a-5e schematically shows various thin resistive heater designs, so that change the hot feature of described heater;

Fig. 6 is the curve map that measures the ability of the heater with aromatic;

Fig. 7 is the curve map that the ability of the heater with insecticide is measured in expression;

Fig. 8 be expression with contrast and use NiCr resistance metal silk and the market of wall power device on existing product compare, described heater shoots down the curve map of the effectiveness of (killing) Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes;

The curve map of Fig. 9 grain graininess that to be expression produce by described heater, it helps evaporating fast again, and floating continuously and not sedimentation;

Figure 10 is the figure that is illustrated in energising 0.5-2 temperature-responsive of thin resistive heater after second;

Figure 11 schematically shows the end-view of the wire heater block that contacts with the wick top by the helical spring maintenance;

Figure 12 is the vertical view of embodiment shown in Figure 11, and described spring for the sake of clarity is not shown;

Figure 13 is the floor map that is used for the wire installation of embodiment shown in Figure 11;

Figure 14 schematically shows a pair of spring detent that is used for the wire heater block is applied elastic force;

Figure 15 schematically shows the elastic force that a pair of winding part by described wire heater block itself applies;

Figure 16 is shown schematically in the elastic force that the originally integrally formed ripple of described wire heater block applies on one's body;

Figure 17 schematically shows the elastic force that applies by the stretched wire heater block;

Figure 18 schematically shows side of the present invention embodiment is installed;

Figure 19 a and 19b represent to utilize the groove that forms on wick to admit the wire heater block;

Figure 20 represents another embodiment, and it has adopted pair of metal silk heater block;

Figure 21 a and 21b represent to be used for the multi-part wick to wire heater block conveying active;

Figure 22 represents to be used for the integrated device that recharges of the present invention;

Figure 23 represents the application in the present invention of fan and baffle plate;

Figure 24 represents to use fan and is used to hold the application of the separate chamber of wire heater block;

Figure 25 represents to use fan and changes the cross-sectional area of the shell that is used to hold the wire heater block so that the air movement of control by described wire heater block;

Figure 26 represents to cover the application of the lid on wire heater block top; With

Figure 27 represents the ventilation shell as another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed description of the present invention

As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, part and pulse heater 1 are with electric power, and the integrated system form of machinery and liquid system is worked.The disclosed embodiment of this paper is at portable and half portable aromatic agent and insecticide conveying plant and custom-designed.Although main purpose of the present invention provides portable aromatic or expelling parasite steam-distributor, should be understood that other transpirable fluids also belong to scope of the present invention, as air freshener, aromatic, deodorant and medicine etc.

Referring to Fig. 1 and 2, show a kind of embodiment of the portable circulation local heater of making according to principle of the present invention 1.More particularly, heater 1 comprises shell, and this shell comprises the base 2 of the internal part that is used to support heater 1, and the lid 3 that seals these parts.Base 2 is shallow pallet shapes, and comprises the antelabium of the peripheral part that is positioned at it, and it can be combined in the corresponding antelabium 5 that forms on the lid 3, so that lid 3 can combine with base 2 with the snap fit connected mode.Therefore, lid 3 can remove, so that if necessary, can enter the inside of heater 1.Base 2 and lid 3 can be made with any suitable light material, and as the multiple plastics that can obtain by the commercial channel, these plastics are produced by common process, and are conventionally known to one of skill in the art.But, selected any plastic casing must with the given activity volatile fluid compatibility that will evaporate.Usually, base 2 and lid 3 can with obtain by commercial sources, make with the makrolon material of known injection molding method production.Therefore, base 2 and lid 3 can have any suitable dimensions, so that can carry easily in needs.

Preferably referring to Fig. 1, heater 1 comprises that the shutdown that is positioned on the lid 3 selects knob 6, and this knob is connected with shutdown potentiometer 25 on being installed in circuit board 8, and described circuit board is supported on the base 2.Knob 6 can rotate, so that change the interval of vaporization cycle.In addition, also show emanometer and select knob 9 in Fig. 1, it is connected with selector switch 10 on the circuit board 8.Select knob 9 to slide along a direction, so that select corresponding emanometer 11, or along opposite direction slip, so that select emanometer 12.For example, emanometer 11 can evaporate pest repellant, and emanometer 12 can evaporate aromatic, so that the user selects specific active substance to evaporate as required.Fig. 1 also shows the hole 13,14 at a pair of interval, and described hole is arranged on the lid 3, respectively with emanometer 11 and 12 relative positions.Therefore, hole 13,14 makes the active component of evaporation to be discharged in the atmosphere from heater 1.At last; instant play button 15 extends through lid 3, and when pushing, can remove by shutting down the time delay that knob 6 is set; and allow the user from one or two emanometer 11,12 at once or obtain the eruption of active component at once according to the position of selecting knob 9.

Referring to Fig. 2, circuit board 8 is installed on the bracing or strutting arrangement 16, so that make it be higher than base 2, and provides enough spaces to be used to form to be used for holding a plurality of containers 17 (schematically illustrated in Fig. 3) that the battery 7 of power is provided for heater 1.Perhaps, heater 1 can also provide energy by electric wire 18 and the plug that is used to insert in the electric power outlet that is installed on the wall.

Fig. 2 shows emanometer 11,12 equally.Each emanometer 11,12 comprises wick 19,20 respectively, and wire heater block 21,22.Each wick 19,20 all has the lower end that is contained in respectively in the container 23,24, described container is to be used for dress such as insecticide, the active ingredient solution of insecticide or aromatic, and have the upper end on flat relatively top, wire heater block 21,22 extends by it respectively.Therefore, when the capillarity by wick 19,20 makes progress sucking-off with active component, made described solution evaporation at 21,22 o'clock by wire, caused the heating of described solution and the evaporation of active component at electric current.

Each container 23,24 is designed to hold volatile solvent soln or fluid, preferred biological active ingredients, as transpirable liquid insecticide or transpirable liquid pest repellant, or aromatic etc. Container 23,24 can form integral body with base 2, and can be used as its integral part.Perhaps, each container 23,24 can be produced respectively, is connected then on the base 2, can dismantle with Bedpan 23,24, thereby can change each container after the fluid that is contained in its inside evaporates ideally.So just can change the multiple container that multiple transpirable liquid substance is housed mutually with similar size.Therefore, container 23,24 can be made disposable, and can change with the new container that new supplementary active ingredients is housed.In addition, if necessary, container 23,24 can be transparent, so that it is remaining that the user can be determined in the heater 1 by naked eyes, and the amount of transpirable active component or liquid.In addition, although preferred compositions is to contain composition of active components in liquid solution, described composition can also be solid, semisolid or gel preparation at ambient temperature.Under each situation, described composition all comprises the carrier of active component and described active component.Described carrier can comprise one or more blowing agents, solvent, stabilizing agent, synergist, dyestuff and spices. blowing agent comprises Celogen Az, dinitrosopentamethylene tetramine, azodiisobutyronitrile, and combination.Suitable blowing agent is disclosed in U.S. Patent number 4,228, and in 124, this patent is received the reference paper of making to disclose blowing agent in this article.

Solvent comprises alcohols, as cetanol, and stearyl alcohol, and composition thereof.

Stabilizing agent (for example, be used to provide to heating, the stability of illumination and oxidation) comprise antioxidant, as 2,6-two-tert-butyl group-4-cresols (" BHT "), 3-tertiary butyl-4-hydroxy anisole (" BHA "), 2,2 '-methylene-two (4-ethyl-6-tert-butyl phenol), 2,2 '-methylene-two-(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4 '-butylidene-two (5-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4 '-methylene-two (2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4 '-sulfo--two (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4 '-methylene-two (2,6-two-tert-butyl phenol), stearoyl-β (3,5-two-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyl phenol)-and propionic ester, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4-6-three (3,5-two-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl benzene), 1,1,3-three (2-methyl-4-hydroxyl-5-tert-butyl)-butane, four [methylene (3,5-2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyl cortex cinnamomi acid ester (cinnimate))] methane, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate comes from the UV absorbent of benzophenone, triazole, and salicylate compound, and combination.Suitable stabilizers is disclosed in U.S. Patent number 4,874,787 and U.S. Patent number 4,515,768 in.

Synergist comprises α-[2-(2-butoxy ethyoxyl) ethyoxyl]-4,5-methylene-dioxy-2-propyltoluene, and Octachlorodipropyl Ether, and N-(2-ethylhexyl)-two ring-[2,3,2]-heptan-5-alkene-2,3-dicarboxyl acid imide.Suitable synergist is disclosed in U.S. Patent number 4,874,787 and U.S. Patent number 4,515,768 in.

Can in described composition, use dyestuff to show when pest repellant runs out.For example suitable dyestuff comprises the 3-second stearate and the electron donor dyestuff of the adjacent carboxyl phenyl of 9--6-diethylamine-different xanthene of 3-ethylamino-3-.Dyestuff is disclosed in the following document: Japanese patent application publication No. 09-175906A and JP 07-324003A, International Patent Publication No. WO 96/33605 Al and U.S. Patent number 5,891,811.

Also spices can be used for described composition.For example, spices can be used to show that when pest repellant runs out or is used to beautify purpose.Spices must have and the similar volatility of pest repellant, and must be able to not temptation be arranged to insect.The example of suitable spices comprises lemongrass, and here it is to use as spices, rather than uses as pest repellant.

The Pulse Electric circulation of heater 1 realizes by solid-state circuit, preferably referring to Fig. 3, but is not limited to shown physical circuit again.The major function of described circuit is the Kai Heguan that switches heater 1 with preset time at interval.Compare with device that must continuous operation, described ON/OFF working cycles has reduced energy, and has prolonged battery life.Described heater control timing setting can be become predetermined concrete time of work, for example 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours etc.Or set out and close heater 1 for preset time.For example, opened 5 seconds, closed then 5 seconds, as long as low voltage detector demonstrates good battery.Described working cycles can be regulated by the resistor 28 that changes on the printed circuit board (PCB).

Second kind of function of described circuit is by the monitoring cell voltage, and disconnects described circuit when voltage is reduced to setting value, protects battery 7 to avoid destroying.When cell voltage was lower than predetermined voltage, described circuit can enter the battery Low Power Mode.Under this pattern, be that described heater cuts out to the control of described heater.A-battery detects and can only carry out between the heater down period, with the flase drop survey of avoiding being caused owing to descending leakage of current in working order.Described circuit carried out 3 sub-samplings to cell voltage before the heater working cycles, and determined that next state is low-voltage or normal (heater leaves).In addition, built-in hysteresis in low-voltage detection circuit is so that eliminate the fluctuation that low voltage level is judged.

Fig. 3 represents to be used for the potential circuit of heater 1.It is a kind of simple, circuit cheaply, and allow described heater to open and close preset time (working cycles).As known in the art, ASIC, microcontroller or independently logic element 29 adopted traditional A-battery testing circuit.

Circuit shown in Figure 3 can make described heater open or close.According to the structure of the heater of final selection, it may be not enough opening and close this two states.For instance, when heater leaves, have too high voltage, cause temperature too high by heater.In this case, described ASIC, microcontroller or discrete logic element 29 will be regulated output, reduce the voltage of heater.Pulse width modulation (PWM) method of control will be the effective ways that are used to keep by the suitable voltage of heater block 21 or 22, and this state is lower than standard-sized sheet.

Following formula is used for the PWM waveform:

$V_{\mathrm{RMS}}=V_{\mathrm{pk}}\sqrt{t_{\mathrm{ON}}/T}$

Wherein: V _Pk=V _Batt

t _ON=heater the available machine time (second)

T=PWM output time (second)

As from this formula as can be seen, if people monitor cell voltage (V _Pk), adjust t then _ON, so just can keep V _RMSStable.

Use a favourable consequence of circuit to be, in described circuit, adopted timing means, so that the generation blocking-up time when not needing this device by day, and can preserve the energy content of battery.The result is, in case energising, heater 1 does not just need to comprise on/off button, and the button 30 that goes out as shown in Figure 3 is so that disconnect the power supply of described circuit board.The concrete control of heater pulse provides by three circuit.Can adjust potentiometer 25, so that the stall cycles time of heater was controlled at 5 seconds-30 seconds.Potentiometer 26 can be regulated battery energy management with various pulse widths, and it used by opening and close metacyclic regulating cell in the cycle period of starting shooting, so that the control electricity needs.If necessary, can use other electric power store methods.Adopt potentiometer 27 and start shooting circulation timei between 0.25 second-2 seconds so that regulate.Can adopt other circuit to be used to move, luminous, or other sensors switchings, making this device can be opening when needs of dormancy.

Electric power can provide by No. 7 batteries, and can be AA, C, D battery, or other 3 volts of battery wall power power transformation devices.Battery 7 can also be a rechargeable battery.Electric power can also be in fixing or on-fixed mode with by signal or side by side be connected with permanent power source.

Wick 19,20 can be used natural material, fiber, and nonwoven, the polymer of clinkering, pottery, metal foam, the open capillaries of pottery, glass, or other materials is made.The key factor of selecting above-mentioned any material is to make the surface be heated to the effluent needed temperature of volatilizing.Preferred wicking is a pottery, and part is its heat-resisting quantity.It also has other features of some other wick, and the size with change hole is so that change capillary speed and dirt, and it has insulative properties, so that further reduce the heat transfer, and is a kind of material of easy acquisition.If described wick matrix is electric conductivity, just must be that the dielectric materials layer of some thousandths of inch is placed between described resistance heater and the matrix with thickness.The material that does not need dielectric is preferred, because they have lower cost, has kept the pore that absorbs, heat endurance etc.Ceramic wicks is preferred equally, because they can bear heater deposition processes temperature, if necessary.Other wickings comprise the wick made from sawdust and silicon/sand mixture, and it can bear and make the described active component needed temperature of volatilizing.

The key that the present invention achieves success is the selection or the production of suitable ohmic heating parts.Can obtain with multiple heating material at the heat endurance material that can bring into play the heater effect from the electric current of battery during by it.To little physical dimension and energy-conservation requirement importantly, the heater block from traditional material and resource is confined to wire, thick film, and film.The wire heater block is relevant with alloy usually, and the trade name of these alloys is a nichrome, Ohmax, Radiohm, Nirex, (Omega Engineering, Inc., Handbook andEncyclopedia such as Nilvar, Electric Heaters, 200, pg.z-38).Can adopt simple metal, but it has lower resistance, these metals comprise platinum, iron, and zinc, molybdenum and tungsten etc. (OmegaEngineering, Inc., Handbook and Encyclopedia, Electric Heaters, 200, pg.z-38).Film can be from metallic film, sull, and from nitride, boride, the material of carbide and stannide etc.Tin oxide (SnO ₂) can 2 μ m or thinner form of film deposition.Other metal oxides are produced with thicker or medium form of film, but still are considered to film.Thick film is the possible resource of ohmic heating parts equally, and they can comprise the thermal finalization of electric conductivity stickiness or thermoplastic polymerization resin's paste, with silver or copper powder as conductor.To have simple metal already or such as Al ₂O ₃, BeO, Pd/Ag, SiO ₂, PbO, CaO, B ₂O ₃, Na ₂O, K ₂O, the glass of the metal oxide of MgO and other adulterants and ceramic non-resin matrix are as thick film.Most of heater block can obtain with different shape and size, and has kept physical property, as resistance, and density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat.These characteristics are by building block, processing method, and back process technology decision.

Most preferably No. 49 nichrome wires or SnO 2 thin film in the above-mentioned ohmic heating parts.For the selection of described ohmic heating parts, importantly their effects aspect evaporating solution and their energy efficiency.The wire of selecting above model is because it has higher resistance, and the wire temperature that generation needs need absorb less energy.Similar with other resistance materials, as to exist less wire diameter to rupture and therefore lost efficacy easily problem.The large size wire of nichrome is relatively more fragile, and can produce, transportation, and the consumer handles, and mechanical breaking took place between the operating period.The more important thing is that the stress and the fatigue of heater block has been induced in thermal cycle, this might cause heater to damage.Undesirable oxidation of heater material also may take place, and causes weakening and possible damage.Fig. 4 a-4f represents various resistance metal silk heater design, shows that wire heater block 123a-123f contact lays respectively at the divergence surface 124a-124f on ceramic wicks 125a-125f top.More particularly, Fig. 4 a represents single straight line wire heater block 123a, and its contact is positioned at the flat divergence surface 124a on the top, the outside of wick 125a.Fig. 4 b represents to contact the wire heater block 123b of simple or single bending of flat divergence surface 124b on the top of ceramic wicks 125b.Fig. 4 c represents many curved design of wire heater block 123c, and its contact is positioned at the flat divergence surface 124c on wick 125c top.Fig. 4 d represents wire heater block 123d, and it is wound on around the wick 125d top, so that described divergence surface 124d comprises the outer surface of wick 125d.Fig. 4 e represents the wire heater block 123e of pair of separated, and its contact is positioned at the flat divergence surface 124e on the top of wick 125e.Although should be pointed out that to show two wire 123e, can also adopt a plurality of wires, promptly can be 2,3 or more a plurality of if necessary.Fig. 4 f represents the embodiment that install the side, and wherein, the side, top of wire heater block 123f contact wick 125f is so that the arch section of the outer surface of wick 125f comprises described divergence surface 124f.

Tin oxide (the SnO that the preferred ohmic heating parts of another kind of type are vapor depositions ₂) film or other resistance deposition films.A key factor is that oxide directly is deposited on the ceramic substrate, and it can produce mechanically firm heater, and it is not easy to take place mechanical damage.The inconsistent problem in position of relative wick when it can not exist in production equally and change in use as the wire resistor.Use SnO ₂A major reason be that its thermal expansivity and pottery do not have tangible difference.As a result, can be because of not loosening or other damages that the thermal stress that is produced by pulse or circulation heating causes.In addition, SnO ₂There is not the problem that produces harmful extra oxidation in use yet.

Consider the use that reduces energy, described heater block material must have enough low resistance, so that can Fast Heating and cooling.Therefore, be necessary to make the energy density of the resistance of described heater and the described energy corresponding, so that reduce energy consumption.Such as SnO ₂Low-quality suitable heater material, can be with low-down density production.In order to realize this purpose, the important composition of being not only described resistance material, but also comprise thickness and other geometrical factors, have following relational expression R=p (L/ (WT)).Wherein, R is the resistance of heater, and p is the resistance of heater material, and L is a length, and W is a width, and T is a thickness.By atmosphere, vacuum, electrojet, the depositing of thin film that heat or other vapor depositions carry out can be coated in described resistive oxide on the contour surface, and it also comprises some bore area.

Another advantage of film heater block is to increase surface area.This can increase contacting of liquid and described heater block, and more effective heat shifts and the volatilization of described solution so that produce.Because described vapor deposition process, this surface coverage can also extend to the hole of described wick, in capillary or other structures.Also because of the thickness of described sull, it can not seal (close) described loose structure, and can not suppress loading performance and volatilization position.The film of described 2 micron thickness has the potentiality of stack film in needs, so that the resistance of the heater material that acquisition needs, while and composition and Heater Design variable make up.The possible defective of thin film resistor comprises: in fact (1) some design may need more energy to obtain the temperature identical with the nichrome wire; (2) some design may become very fragile, and is particularly all the more so when the same thin so that minimized heat of the matrix of the described film of deposition shifts; (3) the random temperature variation may take place in the thickness according to described film on described film.Fig. 5 a-5e represents various resistance film heater design, shows the film heater block 126a-126e on the top that lays respectively at ceramic wicks 127a-127e.More particularly, Fig. 5 a represents to be deposited on the film heater block 126a on the flat top of wick 127a.Fig. 5 b represent to be deposited on the flat top of wick 127b and be deposited near described flat top and comprise film heater block 126b on the outer surface of outer ledge of wick 127b.Fig. 5 c only represents along described marginal deposit on described outer surface and near the film heater block 126c on the flat top of wick 127c.Fig. 5 d represents to be deposited on the grill-shaped film heater block 126d on the flat top of wick 127b.Should be pointed out that can various other designs of deposition on the flat top of wick 127d or periphery, for example netted, helical form, polygonal grid or have some other network of interval line.Fig. 5 e represents to be deposited on the film heater block 126e of the thin strips on the flat top of wick 127e.

Just as noted above, one of main application of heater 1 is to be used to provide expelling parasite and to kill the insect function.The described desinsection or the transpirable fluid of expelling parasite that can be used for heater 1 only are confined to the transpirable degree of described fluid, and have the composition that can evaporate, and are registered and are used for the mankind.Described composition comprises one or more active pest repellants and one or more selectable carrier components.Selectable carrier components comprises blowing agent well-known to those skilled in the art, solvent, stabilizing agent, synergist, dyestuff, and aromatic.The example of suitable pest repellant has DEET, pyrethrins, chrysanthemumic acid derivative, and pyrethroid.The example of the pyrethroid that some is suitable is an allethrin, d-allethrin, biological allethrin, the biological allethrin of S-, Prallethrin, prallethrin, and transfluthrin (Transfluthrin).It is 3-pi-allyl-2-methylcyclopentyl-2-alkene-4-ketone that preferred volatile is killed the insect flowing material, and it is the Sumitomo Chemical Co. by Japan, and Ltd. is that brand name is sold with Pynamin-Forte.Preferred volatile expelling parasite flowing material is N, N-n,N-diethyl meta-toluamide (being commonly called DEET).

Except pest repellant, outside insecticide and the insecticide, mancarried device of the present invention also can be used for evaporating other transpirable flowing materials, as transpirable fluid preservative, transpirable fluid agricultural fungicides, transpirable fluid plant growth regulator, fertilizer etc. for example, transpirable fluid weed killer herbicide, air freshener, aromatic, deodorant and medicine etc.

The nichrome wire be heated to 160 ℃ and the cooling processing procedure in, can expand and shrink about 0.001 inch.Be used to keep each nichrome wire that its corresponding wick is applied constant tension force spring assembly.But, the too big power that acts on the described wire can cause described permanent deformation wiry (stretching) or or even fracture.Yield strength is the needed amount that acts on the stress on the described wire of permanent elongation wire.Tensile strength is to make the rupture amount of needed stress of described wire.Described heater assembly must be made like this: so that act on half that stress on the described wire can not surpass described yield strength.35AWG nichrome yield strength wiry and tensile strength are respectively 550MPa (MPa) and 880Mpa usually.Therefore,＜stress of 300Mpa may be the target of described spring assembly.

Figure 11-13 schematically shows and keeps the resistance metal silk heater block contact with the flat top 33 of wick 34 or a kind of embodiment of long filament 32.The opposite end of wick 34 is communicated with the composition of active components of being held in container or bottle 35 that contains.The cup 36 that will have the medium pore (not shown) is used to support wick 34 and is in erectility, and the sealing between this hole and wick 34 stoped the composition in the bottle 35 excessive vaporization and overflow.

Preferably referring to Figure 13, wire heater block 32 is installed on the bow tie flat board 37, this flat board comprises central annular parts 38, and the wing parts 39 of triangle and 40 that extend relatively.Have the hole above the central unit 38, its diameter diameter with wick 34 substantially is identical.Wire 32 is passed hole 41 install, and opposite two ends are fixed on dull and stereotyped 37 by rivet 41 and 42, described rivet forms with battery 7 by electric wire 43 and 44 respectively again and is electrically connected.

With flat board 37 with in wire heater block 32 is fixed on tubular elastic housing 45 as follows: making dull and stereotyped 37 can be in its freely vertical slips in the inside, promptly freely unsteady in shell 45.Shell 45 comprises inwardly outstanding annular lip 46, provides annular lower surface 47 in its upper end.One end of helical spring 48 withstands on the surface 47, and the other end of spring 48 withstands on dull and stereotyped 37, thereby provides downward power to be attached to described divergence surface to keep wire heater block 32, and is promptly on the flat top 33 of wick 34, as shown in arrow 4.

Although shown in Figure 11 is helical spring 48, also the spring of other types can be used for this assembly.Figure 14 schematically shows the unsteady wire heater block of installing by a pair of spring detent 51,52 50, so that move along direction shown in the arrow 53.Figure 15 schematically shows by as integrally formed a pair of spiral part 54 of the part of wire heater block 56 and 55 elastic force that apply.Figure 16 schematically shows the elastic force that applies by as the integrally formed ripple 57 of the part of wire heater block 58.Figure 17 schematically shows the elastic force that applies by stretched wire heater block 59.In the present embodiment, wick 60 withstands on dull and stereotyped 61 downside, so that stretch out by the medium pore on the flat board on its flat top, upwards stretched wire parts 59 provide the downward power that acts on the wick 60.

Figure 18 schematically shows the embodiment that install side of the present invention.Wherein, wire heater block 62 is installed in the side of wick 63, is positioned at below its flat distal end 64, and is positioned at above the lid 65 of bottle or container 66.Wire 62 is fixed on the horseshoe clamp plate 67, and extends through the hole that becomes by described U-shaped, so as in conjunction with or be close to the described side of wick 63.Provide and being electrically connected by a pair of separated conductor 68 and 69 by 70 circuit that schematically show and battery 71. Conductor 68 and 69 preferably is made of the elasticity iron and steel, so that bring into play the effect of spring inherently, provides to keep described wire heater block 62 and described divergence surface, the i.e. power of the contacts side surfaces of wick 63.

Figure 18 also shows and is used for container 66, and lid 65 and wick 63 (comprising a kind of embodiment that recharges assembly) are removably mounted on the fixator on the described device.Described fixator comprises sole plate parts 72, is used for the bottom of support vessels 66, and a pair of relative elastic claw parts 73 and 74, catches the two opposite sides of container 66 by them.Therefore, tine 73 and 74 provides and has been used for removably installing container 66, the snap fit assembly of lid 65 and wick 63.

Figure 19 a represents that wick 75 has the groove 76 that forms on its flat top 77, be used to hold wire heater block 78.Groove 76 keeps described wire heater block 78 to go up in place, and can also increase the humidification to described wire heater block 78.Figure 19 b represents to be arranged on the groove 79 of wick 80 sides, is used to hold wire heater block 81, with performance and the described identical effect of Figure 19 a.

Figure 20 shows another embodiment, wherein, is contacted the flat top 84 of wick 85 with 83 by two separated wire heater blocks 82.If necessary, can use a plurality of wire heater blocks, so that more effectively volatilization, with higher speed evaporation, or as back-up system.

Figure 21 a represents the multi-part induction system, and wherein, described device comprises two-piece type (or more) wick, and it comprises permanent wick parts 86 and recharges wick parts 87.Permanent wick part 86 and wire heater block 88 can be fixed or be connected on the described device, and recharging wick part 87 with box lunch is that it cannot be dismantled when recharging assembly a part of, and the described assembly that recharges can and be changed by user's dismounting.Under the occasion that recharges, user and described device play a role, therefore, the interaction of isolating heater block 88 and user will be favourable, therefore avoided damage to heater, the relation that keeps heater and wick, prevention contacts with hot surface, and allows to use more cheap low temperature to recharge wick (permanent wick part 86 should be megathermal).

Figure 21 b is illustrated in when using two-piece type or multi-piece type wick, may need binding medium 89 along placing between interface and part 86 and 87, shifts so that strengthen the fluid that recharges between wick part 87 and the permanent wick part 86.The example of binding medium 89 comprises the material of carpet type, cotton, absorption paper (for example, filter paper) and yarn fabric.Binding medium 89 can be fixed on recharge on the wick part 87 or permanent wick part 86 on.

Figure 22 represents that " integrated " recharges assembly or by wire heater block 90, the device that the container 92 of wick 91 and living solution is formed.Container 92 can be used as whole formation of a part of laminated plastic film packing 93.The outer rim of lamination 93 can comprise hole 94, or any other that need and common device, the integrated device that recharges of the described device that is used for aliging.

Contact 95 and 96 provides wire heater block 90 being electrically connected by circuit (not shown) and battery or other power supplys.The integrated advantage that recharges device is, wherein, simply changes assembly new heater is provided, and new induction system (wick) and the described living solution that recharges, these parts can be changed at once.This method has reduced the necessary mean lifetime of described parts, and has eliminated the needs to the reliable hardware of costliness.

In order to preserve energy, need the air velocity of reduction and heater block contact portion.This is because the air of motion can make the heater block cooling, and heat is taken away, and consequently, must provide more energy to described heater block, so that the temperature that maintenance needs.But, people can also benefit by the air of the described housings of rapid evaporation, so that reduce the activity component concentration around the pinpoint heater, because lower concentration can be evaporated more easily.Therefore, air is moved in described shell, but will adopt conditioner, so that reduce its speed by heater block.Figure 23-26 shows some kinds of distinct methods realizing this purpose, use with combination of fans at this moment, and Figure 27 shows the another kind of structure that does not have fan.

Figure 23 shows and uses baffle plate 97 as conditioner.Baffle plate 97 in the energy circuit of the air-flow 100 that electric fan 98 produces, directly contacts with wire heater block 99 to prevent air-flow 100 between electric fan 98 and wire heater block 99.

Figure 24 represents to provide chamber 101, is used for wire heater block 102 is contained in following (or top) of path 10 3, as conditioner.In Figure 24, path 10 3 comprises air intake 104 and the air outlet slit 105 that forms near chamber 101, can be by described passage motion from the air flow 106 of fan 107.Path 10 3 is communicated with chamber 101 by hole 108, so that when air flow 106 flows through hole 108, can be with active component suction passage 103 by heater block 102 evaporations, and flow further downstream, and by the described device of air outlet slit 105 discharges.

Figure 25 represents to change the cross-sectional area of the shell that accommodates wire heater block 109 as the air conditioning means.Figure 25 is illustrated in the passage 110 that fan 111 downstreams form, and air flow 112 can be by this passage motion.Passage 110 has specific cross-sectional area, and leads to bigger chamber 113, and this chamber has the cross-sectional area bigger than the passage 110 that wherein accommodates wire heater block 109.As a result, compare, by chamber 113, so that the speed of the air flow 112 by wire heater block 109 has reduced with the air flow speed in the passage 110.

Figure 26 represents a kind of embodiment, and wherein, conditioner comprises the lid 114 that covers wire heater block 115, and described heater block is in flat top 116 state of contact with wick 117.Lid 114 plays a role in the mode that is similar to baffle plate 97 shown in Figure 23, prevents from the direct contacting metal silk of the air of fan (not shown) heater block 115.In the present embodiment, lid 114 also is included in a plurality of grooves 118 that it forms above, can discharge from its inside by the active component of wire heater block 115 volatilizations so that make.Can lid 114 be fixed on the wick 117 by one or more Flexible clamps 119, clip provides the snap fit fixator of lid 114.

Figure 27 represents another embodiment, wherein, with the shell 120 of a ventilation as the air regulation device.In Figure 27, shell 120 comprises a plurality of holes 121 that are formed on separation wherein, so that surrounding air can be discharged the active component of volatilization by its motion from the inside of shell 120.In addition, shell 120 can be fixed on one's body the user by muffetee 122, and with convenient user's swing or when moving his or her arm, air is discharged the active component of volatilization by hole 121 motions.

Should be pointed out that shown in the presently to go out to be connected with all embodiments that disclose and to dress, so that described device is of portable form and is wearable by the user.Except top pointed muffetee 122, other jockeys can comprise various clips, safety pin, and adhesive, the shackle fixture, magnet, necktie, necklace, belt, cravat, and clasp are as known in the field.

It should also be noted that and various types of fans can also be installed in the described device, so that the active component by the described volatilization that distributes and make it move away described wick to improve effectiveness.For example, except the conventional fan that utilizes the motor driven rotating vane, can also use piezoelectricity to bounce device.Described piezoelectricity bounces device and comprises the piezo-electric device that can vibrate, and it can cause the material vibrating that is connected with it and mobile air (low CFM).Perhaps, can utilize conventional fan that higher air velocity is provided, weigh (CFM) as the air capacity of the cubic feet by per minute.Piezoelectricity bounces device and adopts piezoelectric ceramic piece or the thin-film material that " bounces device " and be connected with rectangle.When exciting with suitable voltage, described piezo-electric device can be with low frequency (100hz usually) vibration.Described vibrating machine is transferred to the described device that bounces, and formation can make the fan of air movement.The significant advantage that piezoelectricity bounces device is to need few energy activated described device.The reliability of little size and height.This fan is by such as Piezo Systems, Physik InstrumenteGmbH ﹠amp; Co. and East electronics, inc. with Piezoelectric Bender, Piezoelectric Flapper, or Piezoelectric Chopper is that brand name is sold.Fig. 3 has represented to adopt the circuit of a circuit, and it comprises the potentiometer 128 that is used to control piezoelectric fan 129.

Embodiment

Fig. 6 is that expression is used for the local heat of heater 1 and circulation heating efficiency so that the curve map of the ability that metering aromatic discharges.This distribution method provides stronger control and flexibility.The system of current flow heats provides temperature, surface area, and the balance between the effluent physical characteristic discharges.By the temperature of controlling heat or more directly being reached by control, available machine time, and the frequency of circulation, these heating means can provide the effluent of wide region as shown in the figure to discharge.This experiment is according to carrying out with 15G NiCr wire ohmic heating parts shown in the table 1.

Table 1

Allow from the electric current of wall by described wire 1 minute, close then.The control electric current is so that obtain shown maximum temperature.Strengthen described electric current, improved temperature, and therefore improved the loss in weight of each circulation.Carry out 1O-13 circulation, lose so that obtain described average weight impairment.Crushed element in the described curve represents to exist such temperature: the speed of its volatilization aromatic is faster than the speed of carrying aromatic in the cycle period of once volatilizing to the thermal treatment zone.As a result, along with higher temperature, each loss in weight of distributing begins to reduce, up to platform area occurring.During stall cycles, there is the time that emanometer is recharged, so that carry out heat cycles next time.

Fig. 7 be by with the example of similar experimental program control insecticide shown in Figure 6.This experiment has been adopted 15G NiCr wire ohmic heating parts equally according to scheme implementation shown in the table 2.

Table 2

Described insecticide shows and uses the similar speed ways to restrain of the aromatic of high temperature.

Fig. 8 represents biopotency embodiment, wherein, has used local heat identical with Fig. 7 and cycler.Fig. 8 represents the part of product sold on experiment contrast and the market and hydronic regulatable performance.Data are by preparation 6.12m ²The chamber of sealing obtain by Ventilation Control.With soap and water any insecticide that left behind from the experiment of front in the described chamber is washed, and stop ventilating.100 female Aedes aegyptis are discharged in the described chamber, and observe the quantity of responseless mosquito that As time goes on becomes.Fig. 8 is illustrated in during the control experiment, does not have mosquito to reduce.The performance standard of killing or shooting down mosquito is the standard of the mosquito-repellent incense of precombustion.It is to obtain by the standard mosquito-repellent incense that burning is crossed with the insecticide solution-treated.When burning, described insecticide is released, and is full of described chamber.In this treatment chamber, discharge the sample of 100 mosquitoes, and observe as time passes and fallen mosquito.Observe to find that with can killing 90% insect about 3 minutes time of contact, and remaining is killed in a few minutes subsequently." 45-Night " design is a kind of sell goods in the market of common form, and it can provide 45 minutes guard time at night.In this experiment and every other experiment of present embodiment, described chamber is prepared to reference standard, discharges mosquito, discharges by various devices or method then and kills insect products.These experiments need described device to handle the room, and begin to cause insect to shoot down.Described 45 night product show 12 minutes the delay of rendeing a service relatively first.The delay that comes self cooling mosquito-repellent incense to begin to show 7 minutes has more unexpected effect to mosquito.PPH represents part and recirculation heater, and confirms that it can pass through adjustable temperature amplitude, available machine time, and frequency work, so that have startup in 2 minutes very fast, and very steep biopotency slope, this is the reason owing to preliminary spatial manipulation, can adjust to startup more slowly with 7 fens clock times then, and milder slope, it may represent to safeguard processing, to the adjustment in less space, or for individual preference.

Table 3 expression is found not destroy the described insect active composition that kills by the local heat of concentrating from other important conclusions of present embodiment.The amount that has also confirmed the active component of release is to shoot down the needed theoretical quantity of insect.Described theoretical value is confirmation by experiment already, and relevant with the performance of this technology.This shows that by the local circulation heating described compound entity is had limited destruction.

Table 3

The active component of carrying

Use weight (g) the theoretical air concentration of prescription

Test 1 test 2 tests 1 test 2

10.3947 10.3938 volumes 420 6120 before

10.3937 10.3917 (L) afterwards

The total amount 0.0009 0.0021 μ g Al 27 63 that use

The Al μ g weight 27 63 μ g/L 0.0643 0.0103 that use

Experiment 1:

Experiment: 0.42 M3 chamber.

Insect: Aedes aegypti

Prescription: Raid Electric 45 night

3％?EBT，1％?BHT，96％?Isopar?V

Heater circulation timei: 1:03 minute.

Similarly, by using aromatic and, having confirmed qualitatively already that the quality of aromatic was not subjected to the destruction of local circulation heating yet in trained human expert's group aspect the aromatic appreciation.The outburst of high temperature heating preferentially promotes volatilization rather than weakens volatilization.

The favourable granularity that part and the circulation heating work of Fig. 9 and table 4 expression by heater 1 produced.

Table 4

10 20 30 40 50

0.3 μ m curve 69269.38 26,828 17878.5 15459.63 14119

0.5 μ m curve 57631.25 18322.38 10794.13 8980.25 7921

0.7 μ m curve 47058.5 10181.75 5176.75 4096.875 3425.875

1 μ m curve 39,238 6952.125 3285.375 2535.125 2073.75

5 μ m curves 730.625 21.5 12.375 10.625 9.75

10 μ m curves 5 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

The mechanism of molecule volatilization and particle detection has caused described steam to be condensate near the formation of described emanometer.The size of described particle and energy (heat of preservation) are being important aspect their the back condensation behavior.Too big particle can lack the flotation time and lack surface area.The large-scale particle, particularly diameter of 2-3 micron surpasses 10 microns or bigger particle and is subjected to the influence of gravity, and dropping from suspension near in the air of emanometer.Owing to lack to suspend, described particle can not move to the zone of the low concentration that they may evaporate once more.What caused being difficult to realizing volatilizing once more is the less surface area of the per unit volume of larger particles, and it has limited the amount on the surface that can be used for volatilizing.Just the opposite is the effect that can obtain from local circulation heating means of the present invention.Described particle has the less diameter less than 1 micron, and these particles are too little, to such an extent as to can not settle down by action of gravity, and it is too little, to such an extent as to can not be deposited among the human respiratory system, and have big surface area and volume ratio, so that can promote fast to volatilize again.Particle from the local circulation thermal source of heater 1 can effectively disperse and keep being dispersed in the air.

Figure 10 and table 5 expression adopt various electric currents to import obtainable transformable temperature with single film oxidation thing heater.

Table 5

This embodiment shows that a kind of surface temperature of composition can in very large range fluctuate.It shows that also final temperature is to obtain to a great extent in applying preceding half second of electric current.Rare temperature change between 1/2 second and 2 seconds.Present embodiment has confirmed the Fast Heating feature of film heater block in OK range, for use in the disclosed field of the application.

Claims (28)

1. one kind is used for the volatility active component is distributed to airborne mancarried device, comprising:

Base;

Hold container with volatility composition of active components;

Be used for described container is installed in fixator on the described base;

Wick has divergence surface, and is communicated with described composition, so that described delivery of composition is arrived described divergence surface;

The heater block that contacts with described divergence surface; With

The power supply that is connected with described heater block so that described heater block is heated, and evaporates described volatility active component;

The spring of the maintenance power that described heater block contacts with described divergence surface is provided.

2. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described volatility active component is selected from following one group: pest repellant, insecticide, insecticide, preservative, fungicide, plant growth regulator, weed killer herbicide, air freshener, aromatic, deodorant, medicine, and composition thereof.

3. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described volatility active component is a pest repellant.

4. device as claimed in claim 3, wherein, described pest repellant is selected from following one group: pyrethrins, the chrysanthemumic acid derivative, pyrethroid, and composition thereof.

5. device as claimed in claim 4, wherein, described pest repellant is a pyrethroid, and is selected from following one group: allethrin, the d-allethrin, biological allethrin, the biological allethrin of S-, Prallethrin, prallethrin, and transfluthrin, and combination.

6. device as claimed in claim 3, wherein, described pest repellant is 3-pi-allyl-2-methylcyclopentyl-2-alkene-4-ketone.

7. device as claimed in claim 3, wherein, described pest repellant is N, the N-n,N-diethyl meta-toluamide.

8. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described fixator provides the detachable installation of described container.

9. device as claimed in claim 8, wherein, described container and wick are integrated each other, so that detachable and the removable assembly that recharges are provided.

10. device as claimed in claim 9, wherein, the described assembly that recharges also comprises described heater block.

11. device as claimed in claim 8, wherein, described fixator provides the described snap fit that recharges assembly to install.

12. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described wick constitutes by being selected from following one group material: natural material, fiber, nonwoven, the polymer of clinkering, pottery, metal foam and glass.

13. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described heater block is the ohmic heating parts.

14. as the device of claim 13, wherein, described ohmic heating parts are selected from following one group: wire, film and thick film.

15. as the device of claim 13, wherein, described ohmic heating parts are the wires that are made of nichrome.

16. as the device of claim 13, wherein, the film that described ohmic heating parts are made up of tin oxide.

17. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described composition is liquid, solid, semisolid or gel form.

18. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described wick comprises the flat relatively top that limits described divergence surface, and described heater block contacts with described flat top.

19. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described wick comprises opposing ends, and at least one side between the described opposing ends defines described divergence surface, and described heater block contacts described side.

20., also comprise to be connected with described base, and comprise at least one air intake and an air outlet slit so that pack the described lid that recharges assembly, fixator and spring into as the device of claim 10; With

Mounted fan is used to make air flow to move through described divergence surface from described inlet, so that cause described volatility active component to be discharged from described air outlet slit.

21. as the device of claim 20, also comprise the battery case that is installed on the described base, and wherein, described power supply comprises that at least one can be contained in the battery in the described battery case, is used to described heater block and fan that energy is provided.

22. as the device of claim 20, also comprise conditioner, be used to reduce speed by the air flow of described heater block.

23. as the device of claim 22, wherein, described conditioner comprises the baffle plate between described fan and described heater block, so that stop the directly described heater block of contact of described air flow.

24. device as claim 22, wherein, described conditioner comprises the passage that forms near described heater block, and be communicated with described air intake and described air outlet slit, described air flow is by this passage motion, described passage is communicated with described heater block, so that will suck described passage by the active component of described heater block evaporation when described air moves downstream in this passage.

25. device as claim 22, wherein, described conditioner comprises the passage that is formed at described fan downstream, described air flow is by this passage motion, and this passage has first cross-sectional area, and the chamber that is positioned at described passage downstream, described air flow is by this chamber motion, and this chamber has second cross-sectional area, described second cross-sectional area is greater than described first cross-sectional area, so that reduce speed, and described heater block is positioned at described chamber by the air flow of described chamber.

26., also comprise the non-removable permanent wick part that can engage with the described wick that recharges assembly as the device of claim 10.

27., also comprise the fluid binding medium between described permanent wick part and the described wick that recharges assembly as the device of claim 26.

28. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described power supply comprises the circuit that PULSE HEATING is provided to described heater block.

Images