CN1005055B - 将电能馈送给车轮上的各电路的系统 - Google Patents
将电能馈送给车轮上的各电路的系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一轮胎监测装置包括在车辆车轮上的用以把代表轮胎压力和/或温度测定值的电信号变换成脉冲信号的变换器单元和以电感耦合方式往车辆传送信号的信号传送单元。为减少电能消耗,在车轮上采用了若干电路元件,一种固态开关可响应从车辆至车轮的电能传输而切断电源与车轮上电路元件的联系。为进一步减少电能消耗,仅将代表各种检测的电信号脉冲的上升和下降沿的位置予以传输至车辆,且仅在脉冲信号具有上升和下降沿时才将传输线圈与电源相接。
Description
本发明涉及一种将电能馈送给车轮上的各电路的系统。更详细地说,本发明涉及一种用于将电能馈送给紧固于车轮上用以监测车辆轮胎工况的装置内的各电路的系统。
汽车轮胎的工作情况是复杂,其监测事项不能减少到仅检测其中一个或多个临界值。因此需要把转动轮胎上监测的一个或多个变量的检测传送到汽车架上,这一点非常重要;而这最好是测出轮胎的任何角位置。采用有源元件进行测量时,必须在汽车轮上装设电源。电源可以是电池或用任何适当装置进行充电,具有足够电容量的电容器。2,529,513号法国专利申请中提出的轮胎监测装置就是采用电池作电源的一个例子。欧洲45,401号专利则是采用电容器充电作为电源的一个例子;其中,电能从车架传送到车轮是用两个线圈以电感耦合的方式进行的:一个线圈装在车架上,另一个线圈装在车轮上。
轮胎监测装置采用有源元件时,在汽车轮上可能设有电能储存单元(电池或电容器连同其充电装置)、变换器单元和信号输送单元。变换器单元用以将测出的变量值变换成电信号。信号输送单元相对于变换器单元来说,是一个耗能单元,也就是说,是一个消耗大量电能把信号从车轮传输到车架的单元;信号传输通常是用电感耦合的方式进行的。
无论采用哪一种方式储存电能,重要的是,必须尽量减少在车轮上的耗电量。用电池作电源时,这一点很重要,这样可以避免过早地换新电池。用电容器作电源时,这一点更是关键问题。迄今通用的节能措施是采用互补金属氧化物半导体晶体管等低耗能元件。
本发明的目的是保证尽量合理地使用汽车轮胎上所需用的电能。
本发明的第一个目的是以电容器作为储能装置,用电感耦合的方式从汽车车架供电给车轮进行充电时,尽快地完成最佳的充电过程。
根据本发明,一种系统用于将电能馈送给紧固在车轮上一装置的各电路中,以监测汽车轮胎的工况,电能从汽车车架传输至车轮,是用两个线圈以电感耦合的方式进行的:一个线圈装在车架上,另一个线圈装在车轮上。电能的储存采用至少一个电容器。电容器由装在车轮上的线圈通过整流器充电,并给各电路供电。其特征是该系统包括能响应从车架至车轮的电能传输以切断所述各电路与该电容器的联系的装置。
本发明的第二个目的是不管采用什么电能储存方式,即使所传输的信号为脉冲形式始终以最小的能耗传输该信号。这里“脉冲信号”是指一种矩形波,其含有被观测变量测量值的“参数”为此信号处于高电平时的周期宽度和此信号处于低电平时的周期宽度,或者为此二周期宽度之一及该信号的周期比。
根据本发明,一种系统用于将电能馈送给紧固在车轮上一装置的线圈上以监测汽车轮胎的工况。所需的电能用储能装置积蓄。该监测装置具有转换器单元和脉冲信号输送单元。转换器单元的作用是用于检测并以脉冲信号的形式对至少一个被测变量的值进行编码。脉冲信号输送单元用两线圈以电感耦合的方式传输该脉冲信号:一个线圈装在汽车车轮上,另一个线圈装在车架上。其特征是该信号输送单元包括具有下列作用的装置:当该脉冲信号具有上升沿和下降沿时将储能装置与和装在车轮上的线圈连接,在其它情况下则切断储能装置。
通过附图可以更清楚地了解本发明的内容和理解本发明的全部优点。
图1是轮胎监测装置的配置示意图。
图2是本发明一个实施方案的示意图。
图2a至图2d是说明图2电路工作情况各主要信号的时间关系曲线。
图3是图2电路的另一种实施方案。
图4是本发明的脉冲信号传输单元的示意图。
图4a至图4e是说明图4电路工作情况各主要信号的时间关系曲线。
图5是图4电路的另一种实施方案。
图5a至图5d是说明图5电路工作情况的各主要信号的时间关系曲线。
图1表示轮胎监测装置各部分的配置图,但并非唯一的配置方式。线圈2设在车轮1上,与车轮1同心。轮胎壳3中有一个附件,它至少由一个电容器、一个变换器单元和一个信号输送单元组成。电容器用以积蓄以电感耦合方式从汽车车架传输的电能。变换器单元和信号输送单元则接到同一个线圈上。在非转动部件上配置有单个线圈或两个线圈。单个线圈既可以向车轮传输电能又可以从车轮接收编码信号。两个线圈则以线圈41传输电能,线圈42用以接收信号。线圈的配置位置容许有较大的偏差。但有一点必须严格遵守,即线圈2必须与车轮同心,这样,线圈的耦合情况才不受车轮1的角位置的影响。
从图2中可以看到接在A、B两点之间的线圈2,D1、D2、D3和D4组成的第一整流器电桥,齐纳二极管D2和大电容量(例如100微法)电容器C1,这些元件的作用是储存电能。整流器电桥D1、D2、D5和D6供电给时间常数比电容器C1的充电时间常数低得多的RC支路。RC支路中的电容器C即通过有电阻器r的支路放电。比较器61用以检测电容器C的充放电情况。比较器61使场效应晶体管62一类的开关装置动作,从而接通或断开车轮1上的电路。在本实例中,该电路包括用以产生脉冲信号并以转换器单元的形式存在的编码电路,就象85/10515号法国专利申请书(对应有美国专利申请号,是与本申请共同提交,代理人的档案编号为26762 338/4721)所介绍的那一种。脉冲信号传输单元大致如图4中的示意图所示。
图2a是线圈2端子上的信号VAB。这可以是,例如,来自汽车车架感应在线圈2上的20千赫正弦波信号。图2b是电容器C1的端子上经齐纳二极管DZ整流和削波之后的电压波Vc1。图2c是从比较器61上监测的电压波Vc。该RC回路的特点是时间常数小,波形的波动程度大。当电压VC超过比较器61中给定的参考限定值时,比较器促使场效应晶体管62在电容器C1充电期间不导通。比较器61可用双极晶体管代替。有了这种供电装置就可以避免车轮电路在输能阶段消耗电能。实际上,在不输送电能时所接收的脉冲信号更易于处理,因为这种情况避免了电信号的叠加。若在电能传输过程中不对含测量值的脉冲进行处理,编码电路和信号传输单元所消耗的电能就白白损失掉,从而不必要地延长电容器C1达到最大充电量所需要的时间。图2d是比较器61输出端的电压。
图3是上述电路的另一个实施方案,其中,电能储存在两个电容器中:电容器C11(电容较大,例如为几十微法)用以供电给装于车轮1上电路的模拟元件;另一个电容器C12(电容值为毫微法级因而充电快)用以供电给有效控制电气线路的一个或多个逻辑电路。有了二极管D1和齐纳二极管DZ1,对电容器C11的充电就可以单个交替整流器的方式进行。同样,二极管D2和齐纳二极管DZ2保证了电容器C12充电过程的进行。给其它电容器充电的整流器中的齐纳二极管DZ1和DZ2分别保证了电容C11和C12上电压的削波。电能传输阶段的检测过程与上面谈到的差不多,在此不再赘述。
图4所示信号传输单元的供电系统是应用“抑制不必要电能消耗”原则的又一实例。变换器单元不仅接到倒相器71上而且也与R2 C2支路相连,倒相器71又与R3 C3支路相连。“与非”门72接收C点(图4b)和D点(图4c)上的信号。这些信号分别为变换器传送的脉冲信号VO的微分信号(见图4)和反极性脉冲信号的微分信号,两者都沿供电电压值的纵坐标轴偏移,波峰具有超越供电电压的倾向,但被齐纳二极管削掉(见图2)。图4b和4c中的虚线表示“与非”门72的检波电平。“与非”门72传送的信号用以驱动开关装置以连接和断开线圈2与电能储存装置(即电池或本例中的电容器)之间的联系。开关装置可由场效应晶体管组成,其中一个晶体管81由“与非”门72的输出信号控制(见图4d),另一个晶体管82由经反相器73倒相的同一个信号控制(见图4e)。晶体管81和82也可用双极晶体管代替。在图2实施的线路中,整流二极管D1、D2、D3、D4也和电容器C1、齐纳二极管DZ一起(见图2)形成消除线圈2电流中断时出现的过电压的装置。
脉冲信号VO含有轮胎中测出的以编码形式出现的一个或多个变量值。根据上述85/10515号法国专利申请书,若变换器单元是一个编码电路,则温度用脉冲宽度表示(T=K1T0),压力用周期比表示
为此需要测定各时间间隔。所以从车轮至车架只要传输下降波前沿位置和上升波前沿位置即可。只要采取适当措施,保证周期Tp始终大于周期To,则即使各波前沿位置是以同样方式传输也可使汽车上的解码器同步。因此,本发明的馈电系统将电容器接到线圈仅需的时间为传送信号Vo各波前沿的位置。此信号传输单元应能促使在线圈2的端子上出现大功率的电波,从而使编码信号可以在一定电平下在与汽车车架相连的线圈42上感应出来,同时以最低的能耗实现这个目的,而且不是在整个周期To过程中,而仅仅是在每次出现波前沿时才消耗电能。鉴于所传输的脉冲都是同极性的,它们在汽车上解码器的检测是由电子元件本身进行的。这样可以避免制造时分散布置元件所产生的干扰影响,这也是本发明系统的另一个优点。
作为本发明的一个方案,转换器产生的脉冲信号Vo的波前沿(上升和下降)可按图5、5a、5b、5c和5d所示的方式进行传输。信号Vo(图5a)加到R5C5支路上。比较器710在倒相输入端接收参考电压Vref,在非倒相输入端接收电压V+,其时间关系曲线如图5b所示。比较器710产生的信号Wo,如图5c所示,与Vo呈同一波形,但有相移。信号Wo相对信号Vo的滞后是选择元件R5和C5函数。其选择必须使此滞后远小于Vo一个脉冲的宽度To。“异”门720一方面接收Vo,另一方面接收Wo,而且仅当信号Vo或Wo(不是两者在同一时间)处于高电平时产生高电平的信号X′。此信号X′适于控制晶体管81和82(图4)之类的开关装置。
上述具体实例仅为说明本发明而提出的,而本发明是可以包括根据下述权利要求范围提出的一切形式和细节上的修改。
Claims (11)
1、一种用于把电能馈送给紧固于车轮上用以监测车辆轮胎工况的装置内的各电路的系统,其电能从汽车车架传输至车轮是采用两线圈以电感耦合的方式进行,一个线圈固定在车架上,另一个线圈固定在车轮上;电能的储存采用至少一个电容器,它是由固定在车轮上的线圈通过整流器供电的,该电容器给各电路供电,其特征在于该系统包括能响应从车架至车轮的电能传输以切断所述各电路与所述电容器的联系的装置。
2、根据权利要求1提出的馈电系统,其特征在于:该装置包括一个RC支路,该支路由固定在车轮上的线圈经整流器供电,RC支路的电容器经电阻支路放电,一比较器用于检测该RC支路的充电电平;所述比较器响应RC支路电容器的充电电平,驱动开关装置从而接通或断开所述电容器与所述各电路的联系。
3、根据权利要求1或2提出的馈电系统,其特征在于:电能的储存采用两个电容器,一个电容器供电给各电路中的逻辑单元,另一个电容器供电给所述各电路的模拟元件。
4、根据权利要求3提出的馈电系统,其特征在于:设有齐纳二极管装置用以对所述两电容器的电压进行削波,所述齐纳二极管装置也作为整流器元件给所述两电容器中的至少一个供电。
5、一种用于把电能馈送给紧固于车轮上用以监测车辆轮胎工况的装置内的线圈的系统,其所需电能用储存装置积蓄,监测装置有一个转换器单元和一个脉冲信号传输单元,转换器单元用于检测并以脉冲信号的形式对至少一个被测变量的值进行编码;脉冲信号输送单元用两线圈电感耦合的方式传输脉冲信号,其一个线圈固定在车轮上,另一个线圈固定在汽车车架上,其特征在于信号输送单元包括的开关装置可响应所述脉冲信号当脉冲信号具有波前上升沿或下降沿时用以将储能装置与固定在车轮上的线圈相连接,在其它情况下则切断储能装置。
6、根据权利要求5提出的馈电系统,其特征在于连接装置包括“与非”门,该“与非”门对脉冲信号的微分和反极性脉冲信号的微分均能响应,并配置在其输出端提供控制信号以驱动开关装置从而接通或断开储能装置和线圈的联系。
7、根据权利要求5提出的馈电系统,其特征在于连接装置包括延迟电路和“异”门装置,延迟电路产生所述脉冲信号但异相的信号;“异”门装置对该脉冲信号和体现所述脉冲信号但异相的信号均能响应,并作为输出提供了用于控制开关装置以接通和断开储能装置的信号。
8、根据权利要求5至7中的任一提出的馈电系统,其特征在于开关装置包括若干场效应晶体管。
9、根据权利要求5至7中任一提出的馈电系统,其特征在于其开关装置有若干双极晶体管。
10、根据权利要求5至7中任一提出的馈电系统,其特征在于其储能装置包括一个电池。
11、根据权利要求5至7中任一提出的馈电系统,其特征在于其储能装置包括一个电容器装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR85/10516 | 1985-07-03 | ||
FR8510516A FR2584345B1 (fr) | 1985-07-03 | 1985-07-03 | Alimentation en energie electrique de circuits sur la roue pour un dispositif de surveillance des pneumatiques |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN86104427A CN86104427A (zh) | 1986-12-31 |
CN1005055B true CN1005055B (zh) | 1989-08-30 |
Family
ID=9321128
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN86104427.4A Expired CN1005055B (zh) | 1985-07-03 | 1986-07-03 | 将电能馈送给车轮上的各电路的系统 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4737761A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0261118B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPS63501065A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR870700522A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1005055B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU580681B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8607137A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1252174A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3677015D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2000259A6 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2584345B1 (zh) |
IN (2) | IN167811B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1987000129A1 (zh) |
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-
1985
- 1985-07-03 FR FR8510516A patent/FR2584345B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-06-13 IN IN461/MAS/86A patent/IN167811B/en unknown
- 1986-06-13 IN IN460/MAS/86A patent/IN167254B/en unknown
- 1986-06-20 AU AU59954/86A patent/AU580681B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-06-20 EP EP86903440A patent/EP0261118B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-06-20 DE DE8686903440T patent/DE3677015D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-06-20 JP JP61503490A patent/JPS63501065A/ja active Granted
- 1986-06-20 WO PCT/FR1986/000218 patent/WO1987000129A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1986-06-20 BR BR8607137A patent/BR8607137A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-06-24 US US06/878,060 patent/US4737761A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-07-02 ES ES8600082A patent/ES2000259A6/es not_active Expired
- 1986-07-03 CA CA000513038A patent/CA1252174A/fr not_active Expired
- 1986-07-03 CN CN86104427.4A patent/CN1005055B/zh not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-03-03 KR KR870700185A patent/KR870700522A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR870700522A (ko) | 1987-12-29 |
AU580681B2 (en) | 1989-01-27 |
IN167254B (zh) | 1990-09-29 |
CN86104427A (zh) | 1986-12-31 |
JPH0338125B2 (zh) | 1991-06-07 |
EP0261118A1 (fr) | 1988-03-30 |
AU5995486A (en) | 1987-01-30 |
DE3677015D1 (de) | 1991-02-21 |
WO1987000129A1 (fr) | 1987-01-15 |
CA1252174A (fr) | 1989-04-04 |
US4737761A (en) | 1988-04-12 |
EP0261118B1 (fr) | 1991-01-16 |
IN167811B (zh) | 1990-12-22 |
BR8607137A (pt) | 1988-04-19 |
ES2000259A6 (es) | 1988-02-01 |
JPS63501065A (ja) | 1988-04-21 |
FR2584345B1 (fr) | 1987-09-25 |
FR2584345A1 (fr) | 1987-01-09 |
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