CN100517271C - 利用虚拟地址栏的用户界面控件及显示系统和方法 - Google Patents

利用虚拟地址栏的用户界面控件及显示系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN100517271C
CN100517271C CNB031311644A CN03131164A CN100517271C CN 100517271 C CN100517271 C CN 100517271C CN B031311644 A CNB031311644 A CN B031311644A CN 03131164 A CN03131164 A CN 03131164A CN 100517271 C CN100517271 C CN 100517271C
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CN1538301A (zh
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J·克雷格·哈里
肯尼斯·A·科克
马克·R·里加梅尔
杰森·F·摩尔
肖恩·A·卡斯坦
理查德·M·班克斯
迈克尔·莎尔顿
戴维·G·D·沃切克
泽克·B·奥丁斯-路卡斯
帕特里克·L·敏纳
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • G06F3/04842—Selection of displayed objects or displayed text elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance

Abstract

提供了一个虚拟地址栏用户界面控件。该虚拟地址栏包括多个交互段，每个交互段对应一个用来选择计算机文件系统中内容的预定的筛选器。这些筛选器共同表示一个用来选择内容的虚拟地址。在虚拟地址栏中选择一个交互段将从虚拟地址栏中删除那些跟随在所选择的段后面的段。用户可以选择段的一个对等筛选器，以替换该段的当前的筛选器并将那些跟随在被更新的段后面的段删除。可以选择性地将虚拟地址栏配置为如同一个常规地址栏那样使用，以及重新配置为按一个虚拟地址栏使用。附加筛选器段被添加到现有筛选器段的末尾。那些与所添加的段冲突的现有筛选器段被从虚拟地址栏删除。

Description

利用虚拟地址栏的用户界面控件及显示系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及图形用户界面控件，具体而言，涉及用于在计算机文件系统中进行导航的图形用户界面。
背景技术
当用户在计算机上的文件系统上导航时，被称为地址栏的常规的图形界面控制指示用户他们在文件系统层次中的位置。常规的地址栏按照文件夹、子文件夹和文件这样的文件系统层次来显示当前位置。改变常规地址栏中所显示的用户的位置通常以两种方式其中之一执行。第一种是手动编辑地址栏中的地址。手动编辑地址栏中的地址允许用户重新定位文件系统层次中任何数量的位置，但要求用户具有关于计算机上文件系统的组织的特定信息，如，特定文件系统位置。第二种方法涉及使用外部导航工具，操作该外部工具可以更新地址栏以反映新的地址或位置。虽然绕过了对地址栏中的地址进行手动编辑，操作外部导航工具仍需要用户具有关于文件系统组织的特定信息，并遍历该层次结构。但是，由于地址栏中的地址和文件系统层次中特定位置之间一对一的关系，常规地址栏无法引用多个文件系统位置，如文件夹或驱动器之间存储的文件或数据。
现有技术中缺少这样一种地址栏，它允许用户指定显示在多个文件系统位置之间存储的文件的地址。现有技术还缺少这样一种地址栏，该地址栏允许用户轻松地修改地址栏的地址，而不用手动编辑该地址，也不需要掌握关于基础文件系统组织的特定知识。现有技术还缺少这样一种地址栏，它为用户提供了对文件的备选选择，从中用户可以选择导航到那些文件选定。这样的地址栏可以选择性地给用户呈现常规地址栏界面，使用户得以按照用户优选设置，根据以往的经验与地址栏进行交互。
发明内容
提供了一个虚拟地址栏，用于选择在计算机文件系统上存储的内容。虚拟地址栏包括多个段。每个段对应一个用于选择在计算机文件系统上存储的内容的筛选器。虚拟地址栏中每个段的对应的筛选器共同代表一个虚拟地址，以选择在计算机文件系统上存储的内容。
每个段都是一个交互式的段，可以响应用户交互来修改虚拟地址栏的虚拟地址。选择虚拟地址栏中的一个段导致被选择的段之后的那些段从虚拟地址栏中删除。作为选择，选择虚拟地址栏中的段导致向用户显示一个可选择的对等筛选器列表。对等筛选器与经备选选择的段的对应筛选器对等。选择对等筛选器之一导致备选选择的段用所选择的对等筛选器替换其对应的筛选器。此外，跟随在备选选择的筛选器段之后的那些段从虚拟地址栏删除。
根据外部用户操作，可以将段增加到虚拟地址栏。段被增加到虚拟地址栏中段的末尾。任何与所增加的段冲突的段都被删除。当虚拟地址栏中现有段与所增加的栏相互排斥时，该现有段与所增加的段冲突。当虚拟地址栏中现有段比所增加的段范围宽或窄时，该现有段也与所增加的段冲突。
附图简要说明
通过结合附图进行的下列详细说明，本发明的上述方面和许多优点将得到更充分的认识和理解。在附图中：
图1是一个适用于实现本发明的示例计算机系统的框图；
图2图示说明了适用于实现本发明的示例连网计算机环境；
图3图示说明了现有技术中一个具有常规地址栏的示例文件查看器，该地址栏与计算机文件系统中的显示文件相关联；
图4图示说明了一个示例文件查看器，用于根据虚拟地址栏中的虚拟地址显示计算机文件系统中的文件，该虚拟地址栏是根据本发明形成的；
图5A是图5的示例文件查看器，说明了选择虚拟地址栏中的一个虚拟地址的段以在文件系统中导航；
图5B是图6A的示例文件查看器，说明了选择虚拟地址栏中一个虚拟地址的段的结果；
图6A-6D图示选择与虚拟地址栏中的一个虚拟地址段相关联的对等筛选器；
图7A-7D图示说明了向虚拟地址栏中的虚拟地址添加附加筛选器；
图8A和8B图示说明了一个显示一个虚拟地址的示例虚拟地址栏，其中该虚拟地址超出了虚拟地址栏的显示能力；
图9A图示说明了具有一个虚拟地址的示例虚拟地址栏，由筛选器引用文件系统中的虚拟和实际位置。
图9B图示说明了被配置为显示常规地址栏的图9A的示例虚拟地址栏；
图10是一个流程图，说明了备选筛选器选择例程，用于选择虚拟地址栏中的备选筛选器；
图11是一个流程图，说明了一个添加筛选器例程示例，用于向虚拟地址栏中的虚拟地址添加筛选器。
具体实施方式
图1以及下文所述将对适用于实现本发明的各种功能的计算机系统进行简单和概括的描述。虽然讲到个人计算机时所描述的计算机系统用在分布计算环境中，通过一个通信网络将远程计算设备连接在一起，可以由这些远程计算设备执行一些附加任务，本领域普通技术人员应该认识到本发明可以用许多其它计算机系统配置实现，包括微处理器系统、微型计算机、大型计算机等。本发明还可以在局域网中，或者在使用逻辑而不是物理远程设备的单个计算机中实现。
虽然本发明的各个方面可以按照在个人计算机的操作系统中运行的应用程序来说明，但本领域普通技术人员将认识到这些方面也可以结合其它程序模块实现。一般而言，程序模块包括执行特定任务或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、组件和数据结构等。
看图1，一个实现本发明的示例系统包括一个常规个人计算机102，该计算机包括处理单元104，系统存储器106和将系统存储器连接到处理单元104的系统总线108。该系统存储器106包括只读存储器(ROM)110和随机访问存储器(RAM)112。基本输入/输出系统114(BIOS)包含，例如在启动时，帮助在个人计算机102中的各个单元之间传送信息的基本例程，该基本输入/输出系统114存储在ROM 110内。个人计算机102还包括一个硬盘驱动器116，一个磁盘驱动器118，用来，例如从一个可移动盘120读或写，以及一个光盘驱动器122，用来例如从光盘124读或从其它光学介质读或写。硬盘驱动器116，磁盘驱动器118和光盘驱动器122分别通过一个硬盘驱动器接口126、磁盘驱动器接口128和光盘驱动器接口130连接到系统总线108。各驱动器及其相关联的计算机可读介质为个人计算机102提供非易失存储。尽管上述关于计算机可读介质的描述引用了硬盘、可移动磁盘和光盘，本领域普通技术人员应该理解，在本示例操作环境中还可以使用其它类型的计算机可读介质，例如，磁带、闪存卡、数字录象盘、伯努力盒式磁盘、ZIP盘等。
在驱动器RAM112中可以存储各种程序模块，包括操作系统132、一个或多个应用程序134、其它程序模块136和程序数据138。用户通过键盘140或鼠标142这样的输入设备可以在个人计算机102中输入命令和信息。其它输入设备(图中未示出)可以包括：话筒、触摸板、操纵杆、游戏垫、盘式卫星天线、扫描仪等。所有这些和其它一些输入设备通常通过一个与系统总线相连的用户输入接口144连接到处理单元104，但也可以通过其它接口连接(图中未示出)，例如，游戏端口或通用串行总线(USB)。显示设备158也通过一个显示子系统连接到系统总线108以与图形显示接口交互，该显示子系统通常包括一个图形显示界面156和一个编码模块，有时被称为显示驱动程序。虽然在图中被画成独立设备，但显示设备158也可以被集成为个人计算机102的整机的一部分。此外，在其它使用于实现本发明的计算机系统，例如个人数字助理(PDA)中，显示器可以与触摸屏重复。除图1中所示的单元外，个人计算机通常还包括其它外围输出设备(图中未示出)，如扬声器或打印机。
使用到一个或多个远程计算机，例如远程计算机146的逻辑连接，个人计算机102可以在一个网络环境中使用。远程计算机146可以是一台服务器、一个路由器、一个对等设备或其它公用的网络节点，通常包括与个人计算机102相关的大部分或全部单元。图1中所示的逻辑连接包括局域网(LAN)148和广域网(WAN)150。这些网络环境普遍存在于办公室、企业范围计算机网络、内联网和因特网。
个人计算机102在LAN网络环境中使用时，通过一个网络接口152连接到LAN 148。个人计算机102在WAN网络环境中使用时，通常包括一个调制解调器154或其它用于在WAN 150，例如因特网上建立通信的装置。调制解调器154可以是外部的，也可以是内部的，通过用户接口144连接到系统总线108。在网络环境中，上述与个人计算机102相关的程序模块或者这些程序模块的某些部分可以远程存储器存储设备中。应该理解图中所示的网络连接是示范性的，还可以使用其它在计算机之间建立通信连接的装置。此外，LAN 148和WAN 150可以用做系统的非易失存储的源。
图2是一个框图，图示说明了适于实现本发明的示例连网计算环境200。示例连网计算环境200包括一台计算设备，如结合图1所描述的个人计算机102，用来与用户交互，并且用户可以在该计算设备上查看在该计算设备本地或远程计算设备中存储的文件。虽然下文是针对个人计算机来描述本发明的，应该理解计算设备102包括各种类型的物理设备，包括但不限于微型机、大型机、PDA、图形输入板计算机和其它能够与用户交互并显示计算设备以及其它地方所存储的文件和内容。
示例连网计算环境200还可以包括一个或多个远程服务器，如服务器204，其中存储可通过计算设备102访问的文件，并通过一个通信网络，例如图2中所示的因特网连接到计算设备。此外，计算设备102还可以连接到其它存储文件或其它内容的信息源，如远程数据库208。本领域普通技术人员应该知道，存储在远程服务器204和远程数据库208上，以及存储在诸如硬盘驱动器166(图1)等本地存储设备上的文件和信息，可以作为计算设备上集成的文件系统的一部分，通过该计算设备102访问并在其上显示。此外，虽然图2中出现的是远程服务器204和远程数据库208的特定配置，本领域普通技术人员应该清楚该特定配置只起到说明的作用，不应该将其看成是对本发明的限定。
图3说明了现有技术中的一个示例文件查看器300，其带有一个与所显示的计算机文件系统中的文件相关联的常规的地址栏302。为便于描述，文件查看器是显示设备，例如显示设备158(图1)上的一个视图或窗口，用来向用户显示文件或其它内容。文件查看器可以是一个窗口，对应于专门向用户显示文件的一个可执行程序。作为另外一种情况，文件查看器可以是可执行程序上的一个打开或关闭对话框内的一个视图，该可执行程序必须从本地或远程连接到计算机系统的存储设备保存或检索数据。请注意上述文件查看器的示例是说明性的，不应该将其看成是对本发明的限定。
常规地址栏302中的地址对应于文件系统中的一个特定位置。如上所述，为了编辑常规地址栏302中所显示的地址，用户必须根据对该文件系统的特定了解修改该地址。另外一种做法是，用户可以选择树视图304中的一个项以导航到另一个位置。本领域普通技术人员将认识到未在示例文件视图300中示出的地址栏302外部的其它控件也可以使用。当常规地址栏302中显示的地址对应于文件系统中的一个特定位置时，常规地址栏302中不能同时显示在该文件系统中的多个文件夹中分布的相关的文件。
图4所示为一个示例文件查看器400，具有一个与所显示的计算机文件系统中的文件相关联的虚拟地址栏402。具有一个虚拟地址404的虚拟地址栏402经配置后所显示的信息与图3的现有技术中的文件查看器300的常规地址304所显示的信息相似。虚拟地址，也称为虚拟路径，根据选择标准引用计算机文件系统中存储的文件。
与常规地址类似，如图3中的地址304，虚拟地址的选择标准可以引用在文件系统层次中的特定位置存储的文件。但是，与常规地址相比，虚拟地址的选择标准还可以引用与特定的文件系统位置无关的文件。因此，虚拟地址可以引用在计算机文件系统中的多个位置中所存储的文件。如图4所示，文件查看器400根据虚拟地址栏402中的虚拟地址404，能够显示附加文件，如文件406和408，而这两个文件在图3的文件查看器300中则是没有的。另外，还可以利用虚拟地址栏402来显示计算机文件系统中的文件以外的内容。例如，可以用虚拟地址栏402引用包括系统设备、系统服务或因特网位置的内容。
图5A所示为操作虚拟地址栏402中的一个虚拟地址404的段，以在计算机文件系统中进行导航。每个虚拟地址栏，如虚拟地址栏402，都由一个或多个交互段，例如段502、504、506和508组成。虚拟地址栏中的每个段对应于可通过计算机文件系统访问的所有可用的内容或文件上的一个预定的筛选器，或者选择标准。  虚拟地址栏402中所有段的筛选器共同表示虚拟地址栏的虚拟地址。
虚拟地址栏中的第一个段，如段502，被称为根段或根筛选器。根段表示可供虚拟地址栏402选择的内容的范围最大的类别。例如，段502“文件”可以表示一个引用所有可通过计算机文件系统访问的文件的筛选器。作为选择，根段可以表示一个引用所有供计算机系统上的用户使用的系统服务的筛选器，或一个引用安装在计算机系统中的所有硬件设备的筛选器。本领域普通技术人员将认识到本发明可以利用各种其它备选的根筛选器。因此，给出上述示例是为了说明的目的，不应该将其看成是对本发明的限定。此外，为显示每个段所用的标识，例如，用“文件”标识根段502是为了说明的目的，不应该将其看成是对本发明的限定。根据一个实施例，在一个段上显示的标识是用户可以配置的。
虚拟地址栏402中的每个附加段，如段504，、506和508表示要在选择和显示文件查看器400时使用的附加筛选器。例如，根筛选器502“文件”引用计算机系统中所有可用的文件。段504“文档库”筛选通过选择用户利用字处理程序、电子表格或其它文档生成应用程序所生成的那些文件，来筛选由根段502所选择的文件。段506“Word文档”根据那些使用字处理程序，例如微软公司的Word应用程序所生成的文档，来筛选段504所选择的文件。最后，段508“作者A”根据文档的作者是否为“作者A”来筛选段506所选择的字处理文档。因此，根据虚拟地址栏402中所表示的虚拟地址所选择的内容必须符合与虚拟地址栏中所有段对应的筛选器。
虚拟地址栏402中的段通常是按照从包括内容最多的筛选器到包括内容最少的筛选器的顺序排列的。例如，如上所述，段502“文件”的范围最宽且包括内容最多。段506“Word文档”和段508“作者A”包括的内容较少。虚拟地址栏402按照从左到右的顺序来显示段的顺序，为便于描述，段504、506和508跟随在根段502之后。但是，应该理解还可能存在其它并不脱离本发明范围的排序方向，例如，自上而下的安排。因此，应当把从左到右的方向看成是说明性的，不应该将其看成是对本发明的限定。
如上所述，虚拟地址栏402中的段，如段502、504、506和508不一定与计算机文件系统中的特定位置，例如文件夹、驱动器和目录相对应。因此，段504“文档库”可以引用分布在多个服务器、驱动器或文件夹/目录上的文件或内容。然而，虚拟地址栏402中的某些段可以引用计算机文件系统层次的特定位置。在图9A和图9B中将就引用特定文件系统的虚拟地址段进行进一步讨论。
与常规地址栏不同，虚拟地址栏402中的每个段都表示一个可操作的交互式用户界面元素。例如，虚拟地址栏402中的一个段响应用户选择，监视光标是否已在该段上定位了一个特定的时间段，并可以通过拖动用户交互从该虚拟地址栏移开。因此，如图5A所示，用户可以在虚拟地址栏402的一个段，例如段504“文档库”上放一个光标510，以在该段上选择或单击，从而导航到这一层，即如结合图5B的描述，将虚拟地址截取到该段。
图5B说明了在虚拟地址栏402中选择一个段504的结果。通过单击虚拟地址栏402中的段504，用户表示想要导航到虚拟地址中的该层次。实际上，用户截断了跟随在所选择的段之后的那些筛选器。例如，通过单击段504“文档库”(图5A)，所得到的虚拟地址404中不再包含段506“Word文档”和段508“作者A”(图5A)。另外，由于用户已经导航到一个受限制较少的筛选器集合，所得到的虚拟地址栏402中的虚拟地址包含的内容更多。这可由图5B的文件查看器400中增加了图5A的文件查看器400中所没有的内容看出，增加的内容包括：文档512、文档514和文档516，而且，由于出现了滚动按钮518，说明还可以查看由于空间所限而无法在文件查看器400(图5B)中显示的其它文件。
除了在虚拟地址栏中选择段以导航到一个受限制较少的段之外，用户可能还希望导航到，或者选择虚拟地址中当前段的对等筛选器。对等筛选器是一个可以被选择并应用到虚拟地址栏中给定的段的备选筛选器。例如，参看图5A，段506“Word文档”的对等筛选器可以包括诸如“Excel文档”、“日志”等类似的筛选器。也可以将包括特定文件系统位置、硬件设备或计算机服务在内的其它类型的筛选器应用到虚拟地址栏中给定的段。选择虚拟地址栏中段的对等筛选器有时称为横向导航。下面将结合图6A-6D，以及图10来说明选择虚拟地址栏中段的对等筛选器。
图6A-6D图示说明了选择一个与虚拟地址栏600中的一个虚拟地址的段相关联的对等筛选器。如图6A所示，虚拟地址栏600具有一个包括多个段的虚拟地址。为了给虚拟地址栏600中一个给定的交互段选择一个对等筛选器，用户必须进行该交互段的备选选择或备选操作。进行备选选择的一种方法是在一个给定的段上执行右单击。本领域技术人员都知道右单击是指使用鼠标或其它输入设备上的第二个按键，第二个按键通常位于鼠标的右侧。作为选择，由于交互段可以监视光标何时放在其上，通过将光标放在交互段上并令其在该交互段上停留一段预定的时间(有时称此为悬停)来进行备选选择。然而本文所描述的备选选择的做法是为了使对等筛选器得以显示，这是为了说明的目的，不应当将其看成是对本发明的限制。本领域普通技术人员将认识到有许多替换做法来生成一个备选选择。
为了说明备选选择一个段，参看图6A，用户首先将光标在段604“文档库”上停留一段预定的时间，即悬停在该段上，以便选择该段。图6B表明了备选选择虚拟地址栏600中段604“文档库”的结果。如图6B所示，在备选选择段604“文档库”后，将显示一个对等筛选器视图612，其中包括对应于所选择的段的对等筛选器。应该理解，对等筛选器视图612中出现的对等筛选器只起说明的作用，不应当将其看成对本发明的限定。
为了选择一个备选的对等筛选器，如图6C所示，用户将光标610定位在对等筛选器视图612中出现的筛选器之一上，例如，对等筛选器614，然后选择该对等筛选器。如图6D所示，在选择备选对等筛选器614之后，以前选择的段604(图6A)将用一个表示所选择的备选对等筛选器614的新的段616取代。另外，跟随在图6A的虚拟地址栏600中备选选择的段604之后的那些段，具体而言，就是段606“日志”，段608“所有2002年文档”都从图6D中的虚拟地址栏600删除。尽管没有在图中示出，在对应的文件查看程序中，将不再显示以前根据段604“文档库”、段606“日志”和段608“所有2002年文档”选择的任何文件或内容，而只显示根据段602“文件”和段616“图片库”选择的那些文件或内容。
通过各种用户交互，可以在现有段的末尾向虚拟地址栏中的虚拟地址添加段。要向虚拟地址栏中的虚拟地址添加一个筛选器，用户可以操纵一个可操作的控件，该控件与带有虚拟地址栏的一个窗口或文件查看器中的一个特定的筛选器相关联。例如，看图4的文件查看器400，用户可以在可操作控件412“2003”上单击以将一个对应的筛选器添加到虚拟地址栏402中的虚拟地址404中。作为选择(图中未示出)，用户可以通过键入筛选器的名称而在虚拟地址的末尾手动输入一个已知筛选器。向虚拟地址中添加筛选器有多种其它方式，所有这些方式都被看成落入本发明的范围。因此，应该理解上述示例只起说明作用，不应将其看成是对本发明的限定。
当一个筛选器添加到虚拟地址栏中的一个虚拟地址时，将执行一个进程以确保新添加的筛选器与任何一个作为虚拟地址一部分的现有筛选器不冲突。如果新添加的筛选器与现有筛选器冲突，则将现有筛选器删除。如果新添加的筛选器的范围与现有筛选器不同，或者比现有筛选器宽，或者比现有筛选器窄，则新添加的筛选器与虚拟地址中的现有筛选器冲突。此外，如果新添加的筛选器与现有筛选器互相排斥，则新添加的筛选器与现有筛选器相冲突。但是，与现有筛选器相当的新添加的筛选器无法添加上去，因为它没有实际效果。应该理解上述关于冲突的描述是为了说明目的，不应将其看成对本发明的限制。本领域普通技术人员将认识到在筛选器之间还存在其它的冲突，这些冲突应当被看成在本发明的范围内。
图7A-7D图示说明了在虚拟地址栏700中的虚拟地址702中添加筛选器，并删除与之冲突的现有筛选器。图7A说明了在虚拟地址栏700中显示的一个示例虚拟地址702。如图7B所示，由段706“2002”表示的一个新的筛选器被添加到虚拟地址702。如上所述，新的筛选器被添加到虚拟地址的末尾，图7B中所示为将段706“2002”放在图中的虚拟地址栏700中段的末尾。之后，为添加段706“2002”而执行的进程断定所添加的筛选器与虚拟地址702中的任何当前的筛选器不冲突。因此，不从虚拟地址702删除任何现有筛选器。
如图7C中所示，在虚拟地址702中添加了另一个由段708“作者A”表示的筛选器。为添加此新筛选器而执行的进程断定新的筛选器“作者A”将与由段704“作者A-F”表示的筛选器相冲突，因为新的筛选器“作者A”比现有的筛选器窄。因此，段704“作者A-F”从虚拟地址栏700删除，而段708“作者A”将添加到虚拟地址栏中段的末尾。
图7D说明了将段710“2003”添加到图7C的虚拟地址栏700的结果。虚拟地址702中的各筛选器是限制性的，而不是累积的。每个筛选器都对所选择的内容做进一步限制。因此，相互排斥的筛选器将阻碍虚拟地址702选择任何文件或内容，以免产生冲突。如图7D所示，段706“2002”(图7C)由于与新添加的段710“2003”之间存在互相排斥的冲突而从虚拟地址栏700删除。
当一个虚拟地址栏，如虚拟地址栏800(图8A)由于虚拟地址栏尺寸的限制无法完全显示虚拟地址时，则根据该虚拟地址栏的尺寸显示该虚拟地址的一部分。但是，对于该虚拟地址的未显示的部分，仍可由用户访问。更具体而言，虚拟地址栏显示一个可操作的可视指示器以滚动虚拟地址栏中的虚拟路径。图8A和8B说明了一个示例虚拟地址栏800，其中显示的虚拟地址超过了虚拟地址栏的显示能力。如图8A和8B所示，滚动图标802和804为了显示虚拟地址的先前未显示的部分而可以滚动虚拟地址栏800的方向。当然，虽然该示意图表示了滚动图标的使用，但它只是说明的作用，不应将其看成是对本发明的限制。本领域的普通技术人员将认识到滚动虚拟地址栏中的虚拟地址有多种其它方式，所有这些方式都应看成落在本发明的范围内。
图9A是一个框图，图示说明了一个虚拟地址栏900，其中的段既引用了文件系统中的虚拟位置也引用了文件系统中的实际位置。如上所述，虚拟地址栏900中的一个虚拟地址可以包含引用计算机文件系统层次内特定位置的段，还包含引用计算机文件系统内虚拟或逻辑位置的段。由一个虚拟段引用的文件或内容可以分布在许多物理位置之间。虚拟地址栏900可以包含引用物理位置的段和引用虚拟位置的段。例如，虚拟地址栏900包括引用计算机文件系统特定区域，即驱动器“C”中所包含的文件或内容的段902“本地磁盘(C:)”。作为选择，段904“Case文件”本身则指在计算机文件系统层次中的多个文件夹中存储的与case文件相关联的文件或内容。当然，与段902“本地磁盘(C:)”相结合，段904“Case文件”只引用那些本地驱动器“C”上的case文件。此外，段906“包含Fax”根据文件中是否包含字“Fax”进一步筛选位于本地磁盘C:并与case文件相关联的文件。
如图9B中所示，虚拟地址栏900可以被配置为如同常规地址栏那样使用。例如，参看图9A，通过在虚拟地址栏900的空白处放一个光标908并在该处单击，虚拟地址栏900从显示表示一个虚拟地址的段切换到如同常规地址栏那样使用，其中如图9B所示显示一个常规地址910。图9B的虚拟地址栏900中的常规地址910近似于图9A的虚拟地址栏900中所显示的虚拟地址。但是图9A的虚拟地址栏900中的那些与计算机文件系统中的物理位置不相对应的筛选器无法显示，而从常规地址910中删除。具体而言，段904“Case文件”和段906“包含‘Fax’”不是常规地址910(图9B)的一部分。
为了重新配置如同常规地址栏那样使用的虚拟地址栏900，使其能像正常的虚拟地址栏那样使用，用户必须以某种方式表明而不是在地址栏的某空白区域上单击。当虚拟地址栏被配置为如同常规地址栏那样使用时，该虚拟地址栏必须允许用户以编辑地址为目的在空白处单击。单击常规地址栏的空白区域在地址/路径的末尾放一个编辑光标供编辑时使用。因此，为了重新配置该虚拟地址以便再次以如上所述的其本身的正常方式工作，用户必须按一个预定义的键或键序列，如Esc键或Tab键，或通过在一个窗口或视图的另一个区域上单击在该窗口或视图上放焦点。本领域普通技术人员将认识到，为了重新配置虚拟地址栏900使其再次以上文所述的其本身的正常模式工作，还可以利用其它用户操作，所有这些操作都被看成落入本发明的范围。
图10是一个流程图，图示说明了用于选择虚拟地址栏中的一个标识的段的对等筛选器的对等筛选器选择例程1000。从框1002开始，例程1000检测到一个对等筛选器选择启动操作。上文中已经结合图6A-6D说明了启动对等筛选器选择进程。在框1004，标识已经为其请求选择对等筛选器的段。在框1006，从一个对等筛选器的预定列表确定所标识段的对等筛选器。在框1008，将对等筛选器显示给用户。在框1010，得到了用户从所显示的对等筛选器做出的对等筛选器选择。在框1012，将所标识的段以及任何跟随在该标识的段之后的附加段从虚拟地址栏删除，从而截断该虚拟地址。在框1014，表示所选择的对等筛选器的段被附加到虚拟地址栏中其余的段后面。
图11是一个流程图，图示说明了一个示例添加筛选器例程1100，用于将一个筛选器添加到虚拟地址栏中的虚拟地址。从框1102开始，示例例程1100获得要添加到虚拟地址的筛选器。例如，如上文结合图4进行的描述，可以根据虚拟地址栏外部的用户操作将筛选器添加到虚拟地址，或者作为选择，通过键入预定筛选器的名称直接将其添加到虚拟地址栏。
在框1104，确定新的筛选器是否与虚拟地址中现有的筛选器冲突。如上文结合图7A-7D进行的说明，新的筛选器可以因为范围比现有筛选器宽或窄而与现有筛选器冲突。作为选择，新的筛选器可以因为与现有筛选器互相排斥而与现有筛选器相冲突。如果在决策框1104，新的筛选器与现有筛选器相冲突，则在框1106，现有的筛选器将从虚拟地址中删除。作为选择，在框1104，如果新的筛选器不与现有筛选器相冲突，或在框1106中删除了现有的冲突的筛选器之后，则在框1108，将新的筛选器添加到虚拟地址的末尾，此后，示例例程1100终止。
虽然图示并描述了本发明的优选实施例，应该理解可以对本发明进行各种改变而不违背被发明的实质和范围。

Claims (70)

1.用于根据虚拟地址栏选择内容以在显示设备上显示的系统，该系统包括：
具有一个处理器和一个存储器的计算设备；
至少一个存储设备，以可以与之通信的方式连接到该计算设备，用于存储内容；以及
一个显示设备，以可以与之通信的方式连接到该计算设备，用于显示虚拟地址栏；
其特征在于，该虚拟地址栏包括多个地址段，每个地址段对应于一个预定的筛选器，用于从存储设备上所存储的内容中选择内容；以及
其中多个地址段的对应的预定筛选器包括一个虚拟地址，用于选择显示设备上显示的内容。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，多个地址段中的每一个地址段都是一个交互地址段，可用来响应用户交互并修改该多个地址段。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，可使用交互地址段来响应用户交互并修改多个地址段，从而一旦操作一个交互地址段，跟随在被操作的交互地址段后面的多个地址段中的任何一个都从虚拟地址栏中删除。
4.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，可使用一个交互地址段来响应用户交互并修改多个地址段，从而一旦操作一个交互地址段，则向用户呈现一个可选择对等筛选器的列表。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于，一旦从可选择对等筛选器列表中选择了一个对等筛选器，被操作的交互地址段的预定筛选器就替换为所选择的对等筛选器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，一旦从可选择对等筛选器列表中选择了一个对等筛选器，跟随在被操作的交互地址段后面的多个地址段中的任何一个都将从虚拟地址栏删除。
7.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于，操作虚拟地址栏中的交互筛选器段包括在交互地址段上放一个光标元素，并使该光标元素在交互地址段上停留一段预定的时间。
8.根据权利要求1的系统，其特征在于，根据虚拟地址栏外部的用户交互，可以在该虚拟地址栏上添加一个附加的地址段。
9.根据权利要求8的系统，其特征在于，在虚拟地址栏中的多个地址段的末尾添加附加地址段。
10.根据权利要求9的系统，其特征在于，一旦在虚拟地址栏中添加了一个附加地址段，则从该虚拟地址栏删除与该附加地址段相冲突的多个地址段中的任何一个。
11.根据权利要求10的系统，其特征在于，当多个地址段中的任何一个的对应预定筛选器与附加地址段的对应预定筛选器相互排斥时，多个地址段中的任何一个与该附加筛选器段相冲突。
12.根据权利要求10的系统，其特征在于，当多个地址段之一的对应的预定筛选器比附加地址段的对应预定筛选器范围宽时，多个地址段中任何一个与附加地址段相冲突。
13.根据权利要求10的系统，其特征在于，当多个地址段之一的对应的预定筛选器比附加地址段的对应预定筛选器范围窄时，多个地址段中任何一个与附加地址段相冲突。
14.根据权利要求1的系统，其特征在于，响应用户的交互，可以选择性地将虚拟地址栏配置为如同常规地址栏那样使用。
15.根据权利要求14的系统，其特征在于响应用户的交互，可以选择性地将被选择性地配置为如同常规地址栏那样使用的虚拟地址栏重新配置为如同虚拟地址栏那样使用。
16.根据权利要求1的系统，其特征在于，虚拟地址栏嵌入在文件查看器中，并在显示设备上显示。
17.根据权利要求1的系统，其特征在于，虚拟地址栏嵌入在一个打开文件对话框视图中，并在显示设备上显示。
18.根据权利要求1的系统，其特征在于，一个地址段的对应的预定筛选器包括选择标准，用于选择在存储设备上的特定位置中存储的内容。
19.根据权利要求1的系统，其特征在于，一个地址段的对应的预定筛选器包括选择标准，用于选择与存储设备上内容的特定存储位置无关的内容。
20.一个虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，用于选择可通过计算机系统访问的内容以便显示，该虚拟地址栏用户界面控件包括：
包括多个可选择交互段的虚拟地址栏，其中每个交互段对应一个筛选器，并被配置为在选择所述交互段时使对应于所述筛选器的内容被显示。
21.根据权利要求20的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，交互段的对应筛选器进一步限制任何之前的筛选器段对应的筛选器所选择的内容。
22.根据权利要求20的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，选择虚拟地址栏中的交互段使得跟随在所选择交互段后面的任何交互段从虚拟地址栏删除。
23.根据权利要求20的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，备选选择虚拟地址栏中的交互段使得一个可选择的对等筛选器列表显示给用户。
24.根据权利要求23的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，可选择对等筛选器是与备选选择的交互段对应的筛选器。
25.根据权利要求23的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，从可选择的对等筛选器列表选择一个对等筛选器使得备选选择的交互段的对应筛选器被替换为所选择的对等筛选器。
26.根据权利要求25的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，从可选择的对等筛选器列表选择一个对等筛选器进一步使得跟随在备选选择交互段后面的那些交互段从虚拟地址栏删除。
27.根据权利要求23的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，备选选择虚拟地址栏中的一个交互段包括在一个交互段上放一个光标元素，并使该光标元素在交互段上停留一段预定时间。
28.根据权利要求20的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，根据虚拟地址栏外部的用户交互，可以将一个附加交互段添加到虚拟地址栏。
29.根据权利要求28的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，附加交互段被添加到虚拟地址栏的多个交互段的末尾。
30.根据权利要求29的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，一旦向虚拟地址栏添加了一个附加交互段，与该附加交互段相冲突的多个交互段的任何一个都从虚拟地址栏删除。
31.根据权利要求30的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，当对应于多个交互段中的任何一个的筛选器与对应于附加交互段的筛选器相互排斥时，多个交互段中的任何一个与附加交互段相冲突。
32.根据权利要求30的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，当对应于多个交互段中的任何一个的筛选器比对应于附加交互段的筛选器的范围宽时，多个交互段中的任何一个与附加交互段相冲突。
33.根据权利要求30的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，当对应于多个交互段中的任何一个的筛选器比对应于附加交互段的筛选器的范围窄时，多个交互段中的任何一个与附加交互段相冲突。
34.根据权利要求20的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，可以根据用户交互选择性地将虚拟地址栏配置为如同常规地址栏那样使用。
35.根据权利要求20的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，被选择性地配置为如同常规地址栏那样使用的虚拟地址栏，可以根据用户交互被选择性地重新配置为如同虚拟地址栏那样使用。
36.根据权利要求20的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，虚拟地址栏在一个文件查看器中嵌入并显示。
37.根据权利要求20的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，虚拟地址栏在一个打开文件对话框视图中嵌入并显示。
38.根据权利要求20的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，交互段的对应筛选器包括用于选择计算机系统上特定位置中存储的内容的选择标准。
39.根据权利要求20的虚拟地址栏用户界面控件，其特征在于，交互段的对应筛选器包括用于选择计算机系统上内容的存储位置无关的内容的选择标准。
40.一种使用虚拟地址栏提供到计算机文件系统中存储的内容的虚拟路径的方法，该方法包括：
显示一个虚拟地址栏，可对其进行操作使其包括一个第一交互段，其中该第一交互段根据选择内容的对应筛选器引用计算机文件系统上的内容；以及
向该虚拟地址栏添加一个或多个附加交互段，其中每个附加交互段进一步限制之前的交互段所引用的内容；
其中该第一交互段和一个或多个附加交互段组成一个虚拟路径。
41.根据权利要求40的方法，进一步包括：
监视并检测在虚拟地址栏上的用户操作；以及
一旦检测到一个虚拟地址栏上的用户操作，则根据所检测到的用户操作更新该虚拟地址栏。
42.根据权利要求41的方法，其特征在于，所检测到的用户操作是对一个交互段的选择操作，并且其中根据所检测到的用户操作更新该虚拟地址栏包括从该虚拟地址栏删除那些跟随在所选择的交互段后面的交互段。
43.根据权利要求41的方法，其特征在于，所检测到的用户操作是对一个交互段的备选选择操作，并且其中根据所检测到的用户操作更新虚拟地址栏包括向用户显示一个可选择的对等筛选器列表。
44.根据权利要求43的方法，其特征在于，根据所检测到的用户操作更新虚拟地址栏进一步包括检测用户从可选择的对等筛选器列表所进行的对等筛选器选择，并用所选择的对等筛选器替换备选选择的交互段的筛选器。
45.根据权利要求44的方法，其特征在于，根据所检测到的用户操作更新虚拟地址栏进一步包括从该虚拟地址栏删除那些跟随在备选选择的交互段后面的交互段。
46.根据权利要求43的方法，其特征在于，备选选择虚拟地址栏中的一个交互段包括在该交互段上放一个光标，并使该光标元素在该交互段上停留一段预定的时间。
47.根据权利要求41的方法，进一步包括根据外部用户操作向虚拟地址栏添加一个附加交互段。
48.根据权利要求47的方法，进一步包括在虚拟地址栏中交互段的末尾添加附加交互段。
49.根据权利要求48的方法，进一步包括，一旦在虚拟地址栏中交互段的末尾添加附加交互段，就从该虚拟地址栏删除那些与该附加交互段相冲突的交互段。
50.根据权利要求45的方法，其特征在于，当一个交互段的对应筛选器与附加交互段的对应筛选器相互排斥时，该交互段与附加交互段相冲突。
51.根据权利要求49的方法，其特征在于，当一个交互段的对应筛选器比附加交互段的对应筛选器范围宽时，该交互段与附加交互段相冲突。
52.根据权利要求49的方法，其特征在于，当一个交互段的对应筛选器比附加交互段的对应筛选器范围窄时，该交互段与附加交互段相冲突。
53.根据权利要求41的方法，其特征在于，所检测到的用户操作是一个配置选择，并且其中当虚拟地址栏没有如同常规地址栏那样使用时，根据所检测到的用户操作更新虚拟地址栏包括配置该虚拟地址栏使其如同一个常规地址栏那样使用。
54.根据权利要求53的方法，其特征在于，所检测到的用户操作是一个配置选择，并且其中当虚拟地址栏如同常规地址栏那样使用时，根据所检测到的用户操作更新虚拟地址栏进一步包括重新配置该虚拟地址栏使其停止如同一个常规地址栏那样使用。
55.根据权利要求40的方法，进一步包括，当由于尺寸限制虚拟地址栏无法显示第一个交互段和一个或多个附加段时，显示一个用户可操作的滚动指示器。
56.根据权利要求55的方法，其特征在于，用户可操作的滚动指示器指示未显示交互段的方向。
57.根据权利要求56的方法，进一步包括：
检测在用户可操作滚动指示器上的用户操作；以及
一旦在用户可操作滚动指示器上检测到一个用户操作，则按照用户可操作滚动指示器所指示的方向滚动交互段的显示，以致虚拟地址栏至少显示一个以前未显示的交互段。
58.根据权利要求40的方法，其特征在于，第一交互段和一个或多个附加交互段中的任何一个都引用计算机文件系统中的特定位置中存储的内容。
59.根据权利要求40的方法，其特征在于，第一交互段和一个或多个附加交互段中的任何一个都引用与计算机文件系统中内容的特定位置无关的内容。
60.一种用于更新虚拟地址栏的系统，所述系统包括：
用于显示一个包括多个交互段的虚拟地址栏的模块，每个交互段对应一个用于选择显示设备上所显示内容的筛选器，其中该虚拟地址栏根据多个交互段中的每一个所对应的筛选器选择在显示设备上显示的内容；
用于在虚拟地址栏上检测用户操作的模块；以及
用于一旦在虚拟地址栏上检测到用户操作，则根据所检测到的用户操作更新虚拟地址栏的模块。
61.根据权利要求60的系统，其特征在于所检测到的用户操作是对一个交互段的选定操作，并且其中根据所检测的用户操作更新虚拟地址栏包括从虚拟地址栏删除那些跟随在所选择的交互段后面的交互段。
62.根据权利要求60的系统，其特征在于所检测到的用户操作是对一个交互段的备选选择操作，并且其中根据所检测的用户操作更新虚拟地址栏包括给用户显示一个可选择的对等筛选器列表。
63.根据权利要求62的系统，其特征在于根据所检测的用户操作更新虚拟地址栏还包括检测从可选择的对等筛选器列表进行的对等筛选器选定，并用所选择的对等筛选器替换备选选择的交互段。
64.根据权利要求63的系统，其特征在于根据所检测的用户操作更新虚拟地址栏还包括从虚拟地址栏删除那些跟随在备选选择的交互段后面的交互段。
65.根据权利要求60的系统，还包括用于根据外部用户操作向虚拟地址栏的末尾添加交互段的模块。
66.根据权利要求65的系统，还包括用于向虚拟地址栏中虚拟地址段的末尾添加附加交互段的模块。
67.根据权利要求66的系统，还包括，用于一旦向虚拟地址栏中交互段的末尾添加附加交互段，则从虚拟地址栏删除与附加交互段相冲突的那些交互段的模块。
68.根据权利要求67的系统，其特征在于，当交互段的对应筛选器与附加交互段的筛选器互相排斥时，交互段与附加交互段相冲突。
69.根据权利要求67的系统，其特征在于，当交互段的对应筛选器比附加交互段的筛选器范围宽时，交互段与附加交互段相冲突。
70.根据权利要求67的系统，其特征在于，当交互段的对应筛选器比附加交互段的筛选器范围窄时，交互段与附加交互段相冲突。
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