CN100537098C - 用于制造带有锥形齿轮齿的齿轮构件的拉削装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于制造带有锥形齿轮齿的齿轮构件的拉削装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN100537098C
CN100537098C CNB2007101273241A CN200710127324A CN100537098C CN 100537098 C CN100537098 C CN 100537098C CN B2007101273241 A CNB2007101273241 A CN B2007101273241A CN 200710127324 A CN200710127324 A CN 200710127324A CN 100537098 C CN100537098 C CN 100537098C
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CN101096060A (zh
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L·施洛特
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F1/00—Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface
    • B23F1/08—Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface by broaching; by broach-milling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/16—Rectilinear broach
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T407/16—Rectilinear broach
    • Y10T407/1671—Plural tooth groups
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    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/16—Rectilinear broach
    • Y10T407/1685—Rectilinear broach including sequentially acting teeth of stepped cutting width
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/10159—Hobbing
    • Y10T409/101749—Process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/10159—Hobbing
    • Y10T409/101749—Process
    • Y10T409/101908—Generating tooth for bevel gear
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/109063—Using reciprocating or oscillating cutter
    • Y10T409/109222—Broach
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/40—Broaching
    • Y10T409/400175—Process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/40—Broaching
    • Y10T409/4028—Means for cutting groove
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/40—Broaching
    • Y10T409/4028—Means for cutting groove
    • Y10T409/402975—Arcuate groove in cylindrical surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/40—Broaching
    • Y10T409/4028—Means for cutting groove
    • Y10T409/402975—Arcuate groove in cylindrical surface
    • Y10T409/40315—Rifling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/40—Broaching
    • Y10T409/40455—Broaching with means to advance, infeed, or manipulate work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T409/40—Broaching
    • Y10T409/406475—Cutter infeed means
    • Y10T409/40665—Imparting rectilinear motion to cutter
    • Y10T409/406825—Imparting rectilinear motion to cutter and rotary motion to cutter

Abstract

本发明的装置提供构造为制造内齿轮构件的拉床。拉床包括限定中心轴线的拉刀。拉刀包括构造为切削若干齿轮齿的第一侧面部和第二侧面部的第一组拉削齿。拉刀还包括构造为仅切削若干齿轮齿的第二侧面部的第二组拉削齿。成形若干齿轮齿，以致每个齿轮齿的第一侧面部和第二侧面部在第一端部和第二端部之间变成锥形。拉床还包括电机，电机构造为使拉刀围绕中心轴线以可选速度和可选方法旋转。还提供了用于制造内齿轮构件的相应方法。

Description

用于制造带有锥形齿轮齿的齿轮构件的拉削装置和方法
技术领域
[0001]本发明大体涉及用于制造带有锥形齿轮齿的齿轮构件的拉削装置和方法。
背景技术
[0002]当行星齿轮组承受载荷时，在通常经历的齿轮噪音情况下即使承受轻载荷，行星架也会偏斜，不是完全刚性的行星齿轮会发生轻微位移。因此，行星齿轮组的齿轮在载荷下不能保持完全平行。换句话说，理论上完全啮合的齿轮在实际工作条件下在某点处彼此接触，该点并不位于齿面中间的中心。
[0003]已知公知为了改善材料特性例如强度或刚度而对齿轮构件进行热处理工艺。在某些情况下，热处理工艺可以改变或变化齿面几何形状，这也能导致接合齿轮构件的齿之间的不对准。由行星架偏斜或者热处理工艺导致的这种不对准能改变齿轮齿上的载荷分布，因而增加齿轮噪音并降低耐用性。
发明内容
[0004]本发明提供一种构造为制造内齿轮构件的拉床。拉床包括限定中心轴线的拉刀。拉刀包括构造为切削若干齿轮齿的第一侧面部和第二侧面部的第一组拉削齿；和构造为仅切削若干齿轮齿的第二侧面部的第二组拉削齿。成形若干齿轮齿，以致每个齿轮齿的第一侧面部和第二侧面部在第一端部和第二端部之间变成锥形。拉床还包括电机，电机构造为使拉刀围绕中心轴线以可选速度和可选方法旋转。
[0005]本发明还提供一种用于成形具有若干齿轮齿的内齿轮构件的方法。该方法包括提供具有第一组拉削齿和第二组拉削齿的拉刀，和提供限定内孔的齿轮坯。拉刀通过齿轮坯的内孔，以便成形齿轮齿。当拉刀通过齿轮坯的内孔时，拉刀以第一预定速度旋转，以致第一组拉削齿切削每个齿的第一侧面部和第二侧面部。当拉刀通过齿轮坯的内孔时，接着拉刀以第二预定速度旋转，以致第二组拉削齿仅切削每个齿的第二侧面部。
[0006]结合附图，根据下面对实施本发明的最佳方式的详细说明，本发明的上述特征和优势以及其它特征和优势将变得显而易见。
附图说明
[0007]图1是根据本发明的拉床的示意图；
[0008]图2是根据本发明方法制造的内齿轮构件的透视图；
[0009]图3a是在拉削成形的第一阶段中与图1所示拉削齿接合的图2齿轮构件的示意剖面图；和
[0010]图3b是在拉削成形的第二阶段中与图1所示拉削齿接合的图2齿轮构件的示意剖面图。
具体实施方式
[0011]参考附图，其中相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，图1显示根据本发明的拉床6。拉床6包括电机8，电机8构造为有选择地使拉刀10围绕轴线18旋转，下文将更加详细地描述。拉刀10包括柄部12、若干拉削齿14和端部16。若干拉削齿14在图1中没有清楚地显示，而是由所示的连续环形肋或凸缘示意性表示。熟悉本技术领域的人员应意识到每个环形肋包括一序列的切口(未显示)，以形成单独的拉削齿14。若干拉削齿14包括第一部分齿20和第二部分齿22。
[0012]参考图2，显示了根据本发明方法制造的齿轮构件26。齿轮构件26优选由车床加工环形齿轮坯(未显示)得到，该环形齿轮坯限定位于中央的孔28。正如下文更加详细描述的，拉刀10拉过孔28，从而形成若干内齿轮齿30。每个齿轮齿30限定第一端部32、第二端部34、第一侧面36和第二侧面38。齿轮齿30是锥形的，这意味着第一侧面和第二侧面36、38不平行。根据优选实施例，第一端部32优选平行于第二端部34，第二端部34宽于第一端部32。第一侧面和第二侧面36、38的锥形结构结合平行的第一端部和第二端部32、34，通常构造为限定图2所示齿轮齿30的梯形横截面。
[0013]当拉刀10拉过孔28切削示齿轮齿30时，齿轮构件26优选被支撑。根据优选实施例，齿轮构件26优选被刚性支撑，当拉刀拉过孔28时，拉刀10有选择地围绕其轴线18旋转。根据可选实施例，当拉刀10以非旋转方式拉过孔28时，齿轮构件26可以旋转。根据另一个可选实施例，当拉刀10拉过孔28时，齿轮构件26和拉刀10都可以旋转。
[0014]图3a-3b阐述齿轮构件26形成过程中的一序列步骤或阶段。更精确地，图3a显示由拉削齿20形成齿轮构件26a的第一阶段，图3b显示由拉削齿22形成齿轮构件26b的第二阶段。图3a-3b中使用的相同附图标记表示与图1和2相同的部件。例如，后缀“a”加到附图标记后表示第一阶段成形过程中的相似部件。类似地，后缀“b”加到附图标记后表示第二阶段成形过程中的相似部件。
[0015]参考图3a，显示了第一阶段成形过程中齿轮构件26a的剖面图。正如所示，切削齿20接合第一侧面和第二侧面36a、38a，从而制造若干大体平行的齿轮齿30a。在该阶段中，拉刀10(如图1所示)沿着逆时针方向围绕其中心轴线18(如图1所示)旋转，以致在该阶段中形成的齿轮齿30a限定平行四边形，而不是矩形。换句话说，侧面36a、38a不垂直于端部32a、34a。通过控制拉刀10旋转的速度可选择在侧面36a、38a和端部32a、34a之间形成的角度。对本发明来说，当每个齿轮齿30a的第一侧面和第二侧面36a、38a大体彼此平行时，齿轮齿30a是“平行的”。另外，第一端部和第二端部32a、34a优选大体彼此平面，大致具有相同的长度。
[0016]参考图3b，显示了第二阶段成形过程中齿轮构件26b的剖面图。在该阶段中，拉刀10(如图1所示)沿着顺时针方向围绕其中心轴线18(如图1所示)旋转，以致切削齿22开始与每个齿30b的第一侧面36b接合。正如所示，当第一侧面36b被切削齿22切削时，每个齿30b的第一侧面36b变成“锥形”，或者变得不平行于第二侧面38b。可选择拉刀10旋转的速度，从而控制第一侧面36b的锥度。第一端部和第二端部32b、34b优选大体平行，一个端部(例如，第一端部32b)窄于另一个端部(例如，第二端部34b)。
[0017]除了制造如图2所示具有方形齿轮齿的齿轮构件之外，本发明的方法还能实现制造螺旋齿轮构件(未显示)，例如用于行星齿轮组的螺旋齿轮构件。为了制造螺旋齿轮构件，螺旋拉刀(未显示)通常仅沿着一个方向旋转，但是旋转速度可以变化。
[0018]有利地，根据本发明制造的具有锥形几何形状的齿轮构件适合于调节承受载荷的行星齿轮组(未显示)的架偏斜。因而，通过结合锥形齿轮齿，可改善行星齿轮组内齿轮构件的对准，以致降低齿轮噪音和增加耐用性。类似地，已经观察到锥形齿轮齿的几何形状适合于调节由热处理工艺导致的齿面变形。换句话说，齿轮齿可以变细某个数值，该数值是补偿热处理导致的齿面变形所必需的，因而改善接合齿轮构件的齿对准。
[0019]尽管已经详细描述了实施本发明的最佳方式，但是熟悉本发明所涉及技术领域的人员会意识到在后附权利要求书的范围内用于实施本发明的各种可选设计和实施例。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于形成具有若干齿轮齿的内齿轮构件的方法，包括：
提供拉刀，所述拉刀具有第一组拉削齿和第二组拉削齿；
提供限定内孔的齿轮坯；
使拉刀通过齿轮坯的内孔；
当拉刀通过齿轮坯的内孔时，以第一预定速度旋转拉刀，以致第一组拉削齿切削若干齿轮齿的第一侧面部和第二侧面部；和
当拉刀通过齿轮坯的内孔时，以第二预定速度旋转拉刀，以致第二组拉削齿仅切削若干齿轮齿的第二侧面部；
其中拉刀充分旋转，以致每个齿轮齿的第一侧面部和第二侧面部在第一端部和第二端部之间变成锥形，因此所述端部中的一个窄于所述端部中的另一个。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括，当第一组拉削齿切削若干齿轮齿的第一侧面部和第二侧面部时，沿着一个方向旋转拉刀，当第二组拉削齿仅切削若干齿轮齿的第二侧面部时，沿着相反的方向旋转拉刀。
3.一种拉刀，其构造为形成内齿轮构件，包括：
第一组拉削齿，其构造为切削若干齿轮齿的第一侧面部和第二侧面部；和
第二组拉削齿，其构造为仅切削若干齿轮齿的第二侧面部；
其中，拉刀成形若干齿轮齿，以致每个齿轮齿的第一侧面部和第二侧面部在第一端部和第二端部之间变成锥形，因此所述端部中的一个窄于所述端部中的另一个。
4.如权利要求3所述的拉刀，还包括柄部。
5.如权利要求3所述的拉刀，还包括端部。
6.一种拉床，其构造为制造内齿轮构件，包括：
限定中心轴线的拉刀，包括：
第一组拉削齿，其构造为切削若干齿轮齿的第一侧面部和第二侧面部；和
第二组拉削齿，其构造为仅切削若干齿轮齿的第二侧面部；
其中，拉刀成形若干齿轮齿，以致每个齿轮齿的第一侧面部和第二侧面部在第一端部和第二端部之间变成锥形，因此所述端部中的一个窄于所述端部中的另一个；和
电机，其构造为使拉刀围绕中心轴线以可选速度和可选方向旋转，从而成形所述锥形侧面部。
7.如权利要求6所述的拉床，其特征在于拉刀包括柄部。
8.如权利要求7所述的拉床，其特征在于拉刀包括端部。
CNB2007101273241A 2006-06-30 2007-07-02 用于制造带有锥形齿轮齿的齿轮构件的拉削装置和方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100537098C (zh)

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