CN100559309C - 用于配电系统的保护系统 - Google Patents
用于配电系统的保护系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100559309C CN100559309C CNB038046024A CN03804602A CN100559309C CN 100559309 C CN100559309 C CN 100559309C CN B038046024 A CNB038046024 A CN B038046024A CN 03804602 A CN03804602 A CN 03804602A CN 100559309 C CN100559309 C CN 100559309C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
- H02H7/262—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/04—Generating or distributing clock signals or signals derived directly therefrom
- G06F1/12—Synchronisation of different clock signals provided by a plurality of clock generators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/05—Digital input using the sampling of an analogue quantity at regular intervals of time, input from a/d converter or output to d/a converter
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- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
- H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
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- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/006—Calibration or setting of parameters
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- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
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- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
- H02H7/263—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of measured values
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- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/30—Staggered disconnection
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Abstract
提供一种用于配电系统的保护系统(图1)。该保护系统包括一台中央计算机(28)、多个数据模块(30)、及一个数据网络(32)。数据模块(30)每个与配电系统的不同断路器(14)通信。数据网络(32)在中央计算机(28)与多个数据模块(30)之间通信。中央计算机(28)在数据网络(32)上向多个数据模块(30)发送指令,以有助于同步地取样在多个数据模块(30)处的电力状态。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及配电系统。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种用于配电系统的保护系统。
背景技术
工业配电系统通常把引入的电力划分到多个支路中。支路向在工业设施中的各种设备(即负载)供给电力。断路器一般被设置在每个支路中,以利于保护在支路内的设备。断路器被设计成通过非自动装置断开和闭合电路,并且被设计成当在其额定值范围内适当地应用时,对于预定的过电流自动断开电路而不损坏其本身。断路器通常包括封闭在断路器本体内的辅助保护器。一种普通类型的辅助保护器称作电子跳闸单元。断路器和其辅助保护器已经证明在管理电路负载的保护方面是有用的。
然而,可能希望把支路的负载管理相互集成。另外,可能希望将支路上负载的管理与给支路馈电的电力馈送器的管理相集成。更进一步,可能希望提供对系统的监视。
为了提供这种集成的保护和监视,现有的配电系统要实施解决方案成本高并且困难。当今,这些功能的每一种由分立硬件完成,该分立硬件常常带有测量系统参数所必需的分立传感器和在电力电路遮断器中切换电力电路的辅助装置。在这样的现有系统中,需要在系统中在所有电子跳闸单元之间的硬导线连接,以便协调在系统中每个独立的跳闸单元与其它跳闸单元的负载控制决定。而且,也需要硬导线连接,以将用于独立电子跳闸单元的信息提供给执行馈电管理决定的分立系统。通过执行馈电管理决定的分立系统进行的控制决定更复杂,因为来自各种独立电子跳闸单元的信息通常不同相。另外,需要另一种硬件装置,以便然后提供希望的监视功能性。
因而,存在对具有完全集成保护系统的配电系统的持续需要。况且,存在这样的持续需要:低成本、易于安装、和易于更新用于配电系统的完全集成保护系统。
发明内容
在一个示范实施例中,提供一种用于配电系统的保护系统。该保护系统包括一台中央计算机、多个数据模块、及一个数据网络。数据模块每个与配电系统的不同断路器通信。数据网络在中央计算机与多个数据模块之间通信。中央计算机在数据网络上向多个数据模块发送指令,以有助于同步地取样在多个数据模块处的电力状态。
在另一个示范实施例中,提供一种保护配电系统的方法。该方法包括:将同步指令发送到多个数据模块;部分根据同步指令从配电系统取样电力状态,多个数据模块的每一个与在配电系统中的一个不同组的可分离触头通信;将包含电力状态的第一消息从多个数据模块的每一个传输到中央计算机;中央计算机根据第一消息确定第二消息;及将第二消息传输到多个数据模块的每一个,从而多个数据模块的一个或多个响应第二消息操作该不同组的可分离触头。
在又一个示范实施例中,提供一种配电系统。该配电系统包括一个处理单元、一根第一电力母线、一个第一数据模块、一个第二数据模块、及一个数据网络。第一电力母线经第一断路器向第一支路供电,并且经第二断路器向第二支路供电。第一数据模块操作第一断路器,并且从第一支路取样第一参数。类似地,第二数据模块操作第二断路器,并且从第二支路取样第二参数。数据网络把第一和第二数据模块链接到处理单元上。处理单元根据第一和第二参数完成用于配电系统的所有主要配电功能。处理单元把同步信号传送到第一和第二数据模块,从而第一和第二数据模块在一个预定时间窗口内取样第一和第二参数。
由如下详细描述、附图、及所附权利要求书,本领域的技术人员将明白和理解本发明的上述和其它特征和优点。
附图说明
图1是一种具有集成的保护、监视、及控制系统的一个示范实施例的配电系统的示意图;
图2是图1的集成的保护、监视、及控制系统的一个数据采样和传输模块的一个示范实施例的示意图;
图3表明用于图1的集成的保护、监视、及控制系统的响应时间的示范实施例;以及
图4是一种具有集成的保护、监视、及控制系统的第二配电系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图和特别是图1,示出了整体由标号10指示的一种配电系统的示范实施例。系统10将电力从至少一根电力母线12经数个或多个断路器14分配到支路16。
电力母线12通过例子表明为具有第一相18、第二相20、及第三相22的三相电力系统。电力母线12也能包括一个中间相位(未示出)。为了清楚的目的,举例说明的系统10将电力从电力母线12通过四个断路器14分配到四个电路16。当然,由本发明能想到,电力母线12能具有任何希望数量的相,并且/或者系统10能具有任何希望数量的断路器14。
每个断路器14带有一组可分离的触头24(示意地表明)。触头24选择性地将电力母线12置成与在电路16上的至少一个负载(也示意地表明)联通。负载能包括,例如但不限于电动机、电焊机、计算机、加热器、照明设备、和/或其它电气设备的装置。
在图1中表明的配电系统10具有中央控制的和完全集成的保护、监视、及控制系统26(下文为“系统”)的示范实施例。系统26被配置成从一个中央控制处理单元28(下文为“CCPU”)控制和监视配电系统10。CCPU28与在一个数据网络32上的数个或多个数据取样和传输模块30(下文为“模块”)通信。网络32把来自所有模块30的所有信息基本上同时传送到CCPU28。
因而,系统26能包括保护和控制方案,这些保护和控制方案考虑到在一个或所有断路器14处的诸如电流值和相位之类的电信号的值。而且,系统26把配电系统10的各个断路器14的保护、控制、及监视功能集成在一个单一、中心化的控制处理器(例如,CCPU28)中。系统26向CCPU28提供通过在网络32上与模块30和断路器14数字通信得到的一个同步的信息组的全部,并且向CCPU提供根据这个完全数据组操作这些装置的能力。
明确地说,CCPU28完成用于配电系统10的所有主要配电功能。即,CCPU28完成系统26的所有的瞬时过流保护(IOC)、分类时间过流、长时间过流、继电器保护、及逻辑控制以及数字信号处理功能。因而,系统26能够使设置变化,并且使数据记录在单个、中央位置,即CCPU28。CCPU28这里通过例子描述为中央处理单元。当然,通过本发明能想到,CCPU28包括任何可编程电路,例如但不限于计算机、处理器、微控制器、微型计算机、可编程逻辑控制器、专用集成电路、及其它可编程电路。
如图1中所示,每个模块30与断路器14之一通信。每个模块30也与检测母线12和/或电路16的每相(例如,第一相18、第二相20、第三相22、及零线)中的电力状态的至少一个传感器34通信。传感器34能包括电流互感器(CT)、电压互感器(PT)、及其任意组合。传感器34监视在电路16中的引入电力的状态,并且把代表电力状态的第一信号36提供给模块30。例如,传感器34能是电流互感器,这些电流互感器产生一个与在电路16中的电流成比例的二次电流,从而第一信号36是二次电流。
模块30向断路器14发送一个或多个第二信号38,并且/或者从其接收该第二信号38。第二信号38能代表断路器14的一个或多个状态,例如但不限于可分离触头24的位置、弹簧加载开关状态、及其它。另外,模块30被配置成通过向断路器发送一个或多个第三信号40而操作断路器14,以便如希望的那样断开/闭合可分离触头24。在一个第一实施例中,断路器14不能打开可分离触头24,除非由系统26指令它这样做。
系统26利用数据网络32,用于从模块30获得数据和向模块发送数据。因而,网络32被配置成在CCPU28与模块30之间提供希望级的通信容量和业务管理。在一个示范实施例中,网络32能被配置成不在模块30之间实现通信(即,没有模块对模块通信)。
另外,系统26能被配置成,提供一种一致的故障响应时间。如这里使用的那样,系统26的故障响应时间被定义为在当故障状态发生时与模块30向其有关断路器14发出断开命令时之间的时间。在一个示范实施例中,系统26具有小于60Hz(赫兹)波形的单个周期的故障响应时间。例如,系统26能具有约三毫秒的最大故障响应时间。
网络32的配置和操作协议能被配置成提供上述的通信容量和响应时间。例如,网络32能是具有在图1中表明的星形布局的以太网。在这个实施例中,网络32是一种具有一般由删除和/或故障的以太网采用的碰撞检测多路存取(CSMA/CD)协议的全双工网络。更正确地说,网络32是用来管理碰撞域的被切换的以太网。
在这种配置中,网络32提供至少约100Mbps(兆位每秒)的数据传输速率。例如,数据传输速率能是约1Gbps(吉位每秒)。另外,跨过网络32在CCPU28与模块30之间的通信能被管理,以优化网络32的使用。例如,通过调节信息量、消息频率、消息内容、和/或网络速度的一个或多个能优化网络32。
因而,网络32提供响应时间,该响应时间包括预定通信、固定消息长度、全双工操作模式、及防止碰撞的交换机,从而在下组消息计划到达之前,所有消息都被移动到在CCPU28中的存储器。这样,系统26能在中央位置和以集中方式完成希望的控制、监视、及保护功能。
应该认识到,以上通过例子把数据网络32仅描述为具有特定配置、布局、及数据传输协议的以太网络。当然,本发明想到任何数据传输网络的使用,这种网络保证希望的数据容量和完成希望的功能范围所必需的一致故障响应时间。示范实施例实现在CCPU28与模块30之间的子周期传输时间和完全样本数据,以便对于多个模块以与传统装置有关的精度和速度完成所有配电功能。
CCPU28能相互依赖地完成支路保护、区域保护、及继电器保护,因为系统信息的全部都在一个中央位置,即在CCPU处。另外,CCPU28基于中央布置的系统信息能完成一种或多种监视功能。因而,系统26提供现有系统没有考虑到的相干和集成的保护、控制、及监视方法学。例如,系统26以低成本和使安装系统容易的方式集成和协调负载管理、馈电管理、系统监视、及其它系统保护功能。
为了清楚的目的,参照图1和2描述系统26的负载管理能力,同时参照图3描述系统26的馈电管理能力。
模块30的一个示范实施例表明在图2中。模块30具有一个微处理器42、一根数据总线44、一个网络接口46、一个电源48、及一个或多个存储器装置50。
电源48被配置成从一个第一电源52和/或一个第二电源54接收电力。第一电源52能是不间断电源(未表示)、多个电池(未表示)、电力母线(未表示)、及其它电源的一个或多个。在表明的实施例中,第二电源54是从传感器34得到的二次电流。
电源48被配置成把电力56从第一和第二电源52、54提供到模块30。例如,电源48能向微处理器42、数据总线42、网络接口44及存储器装置50提供电力。电源48也被配置成把一个第四信号58提供给微处理器42。第四信号58指示什么电源向电源48供电。例如,第四信号58能指示电源48是否正在从第一电源52、第二电源54、或第一和第二电源两者接收电力。
网络接口46和存储器装置50在数据总线44上与微处理器42通信。网络接口46能连接到网络32,从而微处理器42与CCPU28通信。
微处理器42接收第一信号36和第二信号38的数字表示。第一信号36是由传感器34收集的连续模拟数据,而第二信号38是来自断路器14的离散模拟数据。这样,从模块30发送到CCPU28的数据是实际电压、电流、及装置状态的数字表示。例如,第一信号36能是指示在电路16中的电流和/或电压的模拟信号。
因而,系统26通过网络32把实际原始参数或离散的电气数据(即,第一信号36)和装置物理状态(即,第二信号38)提供给CCPU28,而不是由诸如跳闸单元、仪表、或继电器取样、产生、及存储的处理过的综合信息。结果,CCPU28具有借助于其进行决定的完整、原始系统范围的数据,并因此能根据从与驻留在CCPU28中的控制和保护算法需要的一样多的模块30导出的信息,在网络32上操作任意或全部断路器14。
模块30具有一个信号调节器60和一个模-数转换器62。第一信号36由信号调节器60调节,并由A/D转换器62转换成数字信号。这样,模块30收集第一信号36,并且把代表在第一信号中的原始数据的数字信号64呈现给微处理器42。例如,信号调节器60能包括一个提高第一信号36的信噪比的滤波电路(未表示)、一个放大第一信号的增益电路(未表示)、一个将第一信号移动到预定范围的电平调整电路(未表示)、一个便于第一信号到A/D转换器62的传输的阻抗匹配电路(未表示)、及其任意组合。而且,A/D转换器62能是一个取样和保持转换器,借助于来自微处理器42或一个由微处理器42控制的时钟电路68的外部转换启动信号66使数字信号64同步。
希望基本上同时收集来自在系统26中的所有模块30的数字信号64。明确地说,希望来自在系统26中的所有模块30的数字信号64代表在配电系统10中的电力的基本相同时刻的瞬态。
模块30至少部分基于同步信号或指令70取样数字信号64,如在图1中表明的那样。同步指令70能产生于在CCPU28内部或外部的一个同步时钟72。同步指令70同时在网络32上从CCPU28传送到模块30。同步时钟72以正则区间把同步指令70发送到CCPU28,CCPU28在网络32上把指令输送到所有模块30。
模块30使用同步指令70修改驻留取样协议。例如,每个模块30能具有一种驻留在微处理器42上的同步算法。驻留在微处理器42上的同步算法能是软件锁相环算法。软件锁相环算法部分基于来自CCPU28的同步指令70调整模块30的取样时段。这样,CCPU28和模块30在系统26中一起工作,以保证使来自系统中所有模块的取样(即,数字信号64)同步。
因而,系统26被配置成部分基于同步指令70从模块30收集数字信号64,从而数字信号代表相同时刻的瞬态,如彼此处于一个预定时间窗口内。这样,CCPU28能具有一组代表在配电系统10内的每个被监视位置(例如模块30)的状态的精确数据。预定时间窗口能小于约10微秒。例如,预定时间窗口能是约五微秒。
系统26的预定时间窗口可能受网络32的端口对端口可变性的影响。在一个示范实施例中,网络32具有在约24纳秒至约720纳秒范围内的端口对端口可变性。在一个可选择示范实施例中,网络32具有约2微秒的最大端口对端口可变性。
已经确定,通过系统26对于这种预定时间窗口的所有模块30的控制,在跨过模块的测量和向量函数、借助于坐标数据的系统波形捕获、准确事件记录、及其它特征方面能够实现希望级的准确度。在一个示范实施例中,希望级的准确度等于传统装置的准确度和速度。例如,约十微秒的预定时间窗口在测量和向量函数方面提供约99%的准确度。
从每个断路器14到每个模块30的第二信号38指示断路器的一种或多种状态。第二信号38被提供给模块30的分立I/O电路74。电路74与断路器14和微处理器42通信。电路74被配置成保证来自断路器14的第二信号38在希望电压下和没有跳动地被提供给微处理器42。例如,电路74可以包括去跳动电路和多个比较器。
微处理器42取样由CCPU28同步的第一和第二信号36、38。然后,转换器62把第一和第二信号36、38转换成数字信号64,数字信号64由微处理器42包入具有希望配置的第一消息76。第一消息76能包括一个指示符,该指示符指示第一消息响应哪个同步信号。这样,第一消息76响应哪个同步信号的指示符返回到CCPU28用于取样时间标识。
CCPU28在网络32上从模块30的每一个接收第一消息76,并且对全部第一消息中发送的数据执行一种或多种保护和/或监视算法。根据来自一个或多个模块30的第一消息76,CCPU28能控制一个或多个断路器14的操作。例如,当CCPU28从第一消息76的一个或多个探测到故障时,CCPU通过网络32把一个第二消息78发送到一个或多个模块30。
响应第二消息78,微处理器42使第三信号40操作(例如,打开触头24)断路器14。断路器14能包括多于一个操作机构。例如,断路器14能具有一个并联跳闸装置80和一个磁性保持螺线管82。微处理器42被配置成发送一个第一输出84以操作并联跳闸装置80和/或一个第二输出86以操作螺线管82。第一输出84指令一个电力控制模块88把第三信号40(即,电力)提供到并联跳闸装置80,该并联跳闸装置80能分离触头24。第二输出86指令一个门电路90把第三信号40提供给螺线管82(即,磁通移动器)以分离触头24。应该注意,并联跳闸装置80要求第一电源52存在,而螺线管82仅当第二电源54存在时才能操作。以这种方式,微处理器42能响应第二消息78而操作断路器14,而与第一和第二电源52、54的状态无关。
除操作断路器14之外,模块30能与一个或多个局部输入和/或输出装置94通信。例如,局部输出装置94能是一个模块状态指示器,如可视或可听指示器。在一个实施例中,装置94是一个被配置成传送模块30的状态的发光二极管(LED)。在另一个实施例中,局部输入装置94能是用来手动操作模块30的一个或多个部分的状态修改按钮。在又一个实施例中,局部输入装置94是一个用于与模块30局部通信的模块接口。
因而,模块30适于从传感器34取样第一信号36,如由CCPU同步的那样。模块30然后将所需要的第一和第二信号36、38的数字表示(即,数字信号64)、以及其它信息包入第一消息76。来自所有模块30的第一消息76通过网络32被发送到CCPU28。CCPU28处理第一消息76,并且在第二消息78中产生和存储控制每个断路器14的操作的指令。CCPU28将第二消息78发送到所有模块30。在一个示范实施例中,CCPU28响应同步指令70将第二消息78发送到所有模块30。
因而,系统26能根据来自单独断路器的信息,或与来自在系统26中的其它断路器的一个或多个的信息相结合,控制每个断路器14。在正常的操作条件下,系统26在CCPU28处完成所有监视、保护、及控制决定。
由于系统26的保护和监视算法驻留在CCPU28中,所以这些算法能实施,而在断路器14或模块30中不需要硬件或软件变化。例如,系统26能包括一个与CCPU28通信的数据输入装置92,如人机接口(HMI)。在这个实施例中,从数据输入装置92能容易地修改驻留在CCPU28上的保护和监视算法的一种或多种属性和功能。这样,断路器14和模块30能比现有系统的断路器/跳闸单元更加标准化。例如,需要超过一百个分立断路器/跳闸单元,以提供对于配电系统的保护通常需要的全值范围。然而,由系统26实现的断路器14和模块30的属性能将该数量减少百分之六十以上。这样,系统26能解决现有配电系统的存货问题、改装性问题、设计滞后问题、安装滞后问题、以及成本问题。
应该认识到,系统26以上被描述成具有一个与模块30经由单个网络32通信的CCPU28。然而,由本发明想到,系统26能具有在图1中用虚线表明的冗余CCPU26和网络32。例如,在图2中表明的模块30具有两个网络接口46。每个接口46被配置成可操作地将模块30通过分立的数据网络32连接到一个分立的CCPU28上。以这种方式,系统26即使在冗余系统之一故障的情况下也保持可操作。
模块30能进一步包括一个或多个独立于CCPU28的、用来控制断路器14的备用系统。例如,系统26在第一电源52中电力中断的情况下、在CCPU28的初始启动期间、在网络32故障的情况下、及由于其它原因可能不能保护电路16。在这些故障的条件下,每个模块30包括一个或多个备用系统,以保证至少某种保护被提供给断路器14。备用系统能包括由第二电源54驱动的模拟电路、由第二电源54驱动的分立微处理器、及其它的一个或多个。
现在参照图3,用于系统26的响应时间95的示范实施例表明具有系统操作稳定性(例如,在启动模式下不起作用)。响应时间95表示为在T0处开始而在T1处结束。响应时间95是取样时间96、接收/生效时间97、过程时间98、传输时间99、及译码/执行时间100之和。
在这个例子中,系统26包括每个都连接到一个不同断路器14上的二十四个模块30。每个模块30由锁相环算法和同步指令70计划,以便以每个周期128个样本的规定速率下取样其第一信号36。取样时间96包括每个约0.13毫秒(ms)的四个取样时段101。这样,取样时间96是约0.52ms,用于数据取样和包入第一消息76。
接收/生效时间97在接收到同步指令70时开始。在一个示范实施例中,接收/生效时间97是一个固定时间,例如,由数据网络32的延迟时间所确定的接收所有第一消息76需要的时间。例如,接收/生效时间97能是约0.25ms,其中每个第一消息76具有约1000位的大小,系统26包括二十四个模块30(即,24,000位),并且网络32在约100Mbps下工作。因而,CCPU28在接收/生效时间97期间管理第一消息76到该CCPU的通信和移动。
保护过程(即,过程时间98)在固定的接收/生效时间97结束时开始,而与第一消息的接收无关。如果任何模块30不是正在发送第一消息76,则CCPU28标记这种错误,并且完成具有有效数据的所有功能。由于系统26负责多个模块30的保护和控制,所以CCPU28被配置成不会由于来自单个模块30的数据(即,第一消息76)损失而停止整个系统。在一个示范实施例中,过程时间98是约0.27ms。
CCPU28在过程时间98期间产生第二消息78。第二消息78可能是二十四条第二消息(即,每个模块30一条),每条具有每模块约64位的大小。可选择地,由本发明想到,第二消息78是单播、群播或广播消息。在这个实施例中,第二消息78包括用于每个模块30的指令,并且具有约1600位的大小。
传输时间99是跨过网络32传输第二消息78必需的时间。在其中网络32正在以100Mbps操作并且第二消息78是约1600位例子中,传输时间99是约0.016ms。
也可想到,第二消息78包括同步指令70的一部分。例如,CCPU28能被配置成,在从时钟72接收到下个同步指令70时发送第二消息78。在这个例子中,在连续第二消息76之间的间隔能由模块30测量,并且在第二消息中的同步信息,如果有的话,能由驻留在微处理器42上的同步算法使用。
一旦模块30接收到第二消息78,每个模块就在译码/执行时间100内译码该消息,并且执行其指令(即,发送第三信号40),如果有的话。例如,译码/执行时间100能是约0.05ms。
在这个例子中,响应时间95是约1.11ms。当然,应该认识到,系统响应时间95能根据系统26的需要加速或减速。例如,系统响应时间95能通过改变取样时段、每次传输的样本数量、模块30的数量、消息大小、消息频率、消息内容、及/或网络速度的一个多个而被调整。
由本发明可想到,系统26具有高达约3毫秒的响应时间95。这样,系统26被配置成,在从传感器34检测到设置参数外的条件时起在约3毫秒内能断开其断路器的任意一个。
因而,系统26由CCPU28集中控制,以在对负载(即,电路16)的配电期间保护配电系统10。除这种负载管理能力之外,系统26也能如图4中所示向配电系统110提供集成的馈电管理能力,其中完成类似和/或相似功能的元件部分以一百的倍数标识。
配电系统110具有一根第一馈电线102和一根第二馈电线104。电力从电源(未表示),如由原动机本地驱动的发电机、或电气设施的电力网,供给到第一和第二馈电线102和104。原动机可以从例如但不限于汽轮机或内燃机获取动力。在一个示范实施例中,电力从在电网上的第一点供给到第一馈电线102,同时电力从在电网上的第二点供给到第二馈电线104。
来自第一馈电线102的电力通过一个第一主断路器114可连接到一根第一母线112上。第一母线112由子断路器14分到多个电路116中。这样,电路116能通过闭合在第一母线112上的第一主断路器114和子断路器14供有来自第一馈电线102的电力。
类似地,来自第二馈电线104的电力通过一个第二主断路器214可连接到一根第二母线212上。第二母线212由子断路器14分到多个电路216中。这样,电路216能通过闭合在第二母线212上的第二主断路器214和子断路器14供有来自第二馈电线102的电力。第一和第二母线112、212也可由一个联络断路器314彼此连接。
配电系统110装有系统26。明确地说,在配电系统110中的每个断路器14、114、214、及314包括通过网络32与CCPU28通信的模块30。有利地是,系统26使用与对于负载管理所使用的相同数据组来管理来自馈电线102、104的电力的分配。而且,系统26与负载管理控制决定同步地管理来自馈电线102、104的电力的分配。以这种方式,系统26能将负载管理决定与馈电管理决定集成,并因而能比以前更可能提供配电系统110的更精确控制。
在第一或第二馈电线102、104中有电力损失的情况下,第一和第二母线112、212能通过联络断路器314的闭合由其它母线供电。例如,如果从第一馈电线102得不到电力,则CCPU28可以断开第一主断路器114并且闭合联络断路器314,以把电力从第二母线212提供到第一母线112(例如,切换)。而且,一旦电力变得可从第一馈电线102得到,CCPU28就可以闭合第一主断路器114并且断开联络断路器314,以把电力从第一电源提供到第一母线112(例如,切换回)。
相反,如果从第二馈电线104得不到电力,则CCPU28可以断开第二主断路器214并且闭合联络断路器314,以把电力从第一母线112提供到第二母线212。同样,一旦电力变得可从第二馈电线104得到,CCPU28就可以闭合第二主断路器114并且断开联络断路器314,以把电力从第二电源提供到第二母线212。
因而,系统26也在配电系统110中在馈电线102、104中的管理方面提供无缝集成(例如,切换和切换回)。有利的是,系统26能管理在馈电线102、104中的切换和/或切换回,而无需中断对电路116和216的电力。
例如,当来自第二馈电线104的电力正在馈给第二母线212和第一母线112时,第二主断路器214和联络断路器314都处于闭合状态,而第一主断路器114处于断开状态。一旦到主馈电线102的电力恢复,系统26就在CCPU28处通过来自在主断路器114、214处的模块30的数据保证电力馈电线102、104在幅值、频率、及相位方面分别等同。一旦系统26探测到电力馈电线102、104相同,CCPU28就在断开联络断路器314之前或者基本上同时地闭合第一主断路器114。由本发明想到,系统26能在闭合第一主断路器114时的100毫秒内断开联络断路器314。
在这种配置中,系统26能在任何断路器14处提供过流保护,即使在该断路器处的传感器34有故障的情况下也是如此。把其中来自第一馈电线102的电力仅供给到第一母线112(即,联络断路器314是断开的)的情况作为例子。在这种情形下,即使在第一主断路器处的该传感器34有故障的情况下,系统26也能向第一主断路器114提供过流保护。这里,第一主断路器114的过流功能指向具有在第一母线112上的所有断路器14的电流信号之和的功能。
系统26也允许第一主断路器114被配置成处理第一母线112可能携带的最大电流。另外,第一主断路器114能包括与在第一母线112上的断路器14的每一个的电流设置等同的电流设置、和允许第一主断路器向在这种断路器设置下向每单个断路器提供备用保护的时间特性。在这个例子中,CCPU28同时监视在第一母线112和支路116的每一个处的电流,对于在任何点处的不希望电流起作用。这样,系统26能为每个支路116提供二次备用保护,这种二次备用保护优化地设置成补充初次保护,而没有实现选择性或允许母线电流无阻碍流动所需要的牺牲。
因而,系统26将支路的负载管理相互集成。而且,系统26将在支路上的负载管理与向支路馈电的电力馈电线的管理集成。更进一步,系统26在单个中央处理器中提供这种集成的功能性。这允许系统26根据由第一和第二信号38、40取样的该断路器的状态、以及根据在系统中任何和/或所有其它断路器的状态,调整在系统中每个断路器14、114、214、314的保护功能。
也应该注意,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“上部”、“下部”等可以在这里用来修饰各种元件。这些修饰语并不意味着对于所修饰的元件的空间、时序、或层级顺序,除非专门指出。
尽管参照一个或多个示范实施例已经描述了本发明,但本领域的技术人员要理解,可以进行各种变更并且等同部分可以代替本发明的元件,而不脱离本发明的范围。另外,对于本发明的教导可以进行多种修改,以适应具体情形或材料而不脱离本发明的范围。因此,本发明不限于作为实施本发明的最佳方式的具体实施例,而是本发明将包括落在所附权利要求书的范围内的所有实施例。
Claims (29)
1.一种用于配电系统的保护系统,包括:
中央计算机;
多个数据模块,每个与配电系统的不同断路器通信;及
数据网络,在所述中央计算机与所述多个数据模块之间通信,其中所述中央计算机在所述数据网络上向所述多个数据模块发送指令,所述多个数据模块中的每一个根据所述指令调节取样周期,以有助于同步地取样在所述多个数据模块处的电力状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保护系统,其中,所述指令保证所有的所述多个数据模块在预定时间窗口内取样所述状态。
3.根据权利要求2所述的保护系统,其中,所述预定时间窗口小于约十微秒。
4.根据权利要求2所述的保护系统,其中,所述预定时间窗口约五微秒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的保护系统,其中,保护系统具有一致的故障响应时间,所述故障响应时间是在当故障状态发生时与模块向其有关断路器发出断开命令时之间的时间。
6.根据权利要求5所述的保护系统,其中,所述一致故障响应时间小于在配电系统中电力的单个周期。
7.根据权利要求1所述的保护系统,其中,所述多个数据模块的每一个被配置成将所述状态封装在第一消息中,该第一消息在所述数据网络上传送到所述中央计算机。
8.根据权利要求7所述的保护系统,其中,所述中央计算机根据所述第一消息向所述多个数据模块提供第二消息。
9.根据权利要求8所述的保护系统,其中,所述中央计算机响应所述指令发送所述第二消息。
10.根据权利要求8所述的保护系统,其中,所述第二消息包括所述指令的至少一部分。
11.根据权利要求8所述的保护系统,其中,所述第二消息指令所述多个数据模块的至少一个,以操作所述不同的断路器。
12.根据权利要求1所述的保护系统,其中,所述中央计算机完成配电系统的所有保护功能、控制功能、及监视功能。
13.根据权利要求1所述的保护系统,其中,所述中央计算机将配电系统中对于一个或多个负载的电力管理与来自配电系统中一根或多根馈电线的电力管理相集成。
14.一种保护配电系统的方法,包括:
将同步指令发送到多个数据模块;
在所述多个数据模块中的每一个上运行锁相环算法;
根据由所述同步指令调节的所述锁相环算法从配电系统中取样电力状态,所述多个数据模块中的每一个与在配电系统中的不同组的可分离触头通信;
将包含所述电力状态的第一消息从所述多个数据模块的每一个传输到中央计算机;
在所述中央计算机中根据所述第一消息确定第二消息;及
将所述第二消息传输到所述多个数据模块的每一个,从而所述多个数据模块的一个或多个响应所述第二消息操作所述不同组的可分离触头。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述同步指令从在所述计算机内部或外部的装置发送。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述同步指令保证在预定时间窗口内取样所述电力状态。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述预定时间窗口小于约十微秒。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,所述预定时间窗口约五微秒。
19.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述第二消息包括所述同步指令的至少一部分。
20.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述中央计算机完成配电系统的所有保护功能、控制功能、及监视功能。
21.根据权利要求14所述的方法,进一步包括将配电系统中对于一个或多个负载的电力管理与来自配电系统中一根或多根馈电线的电力管理相集成。
22.一种配电系统,包括:
处理单元;
第一电力母线,用来经第一断路器向第一支路供电,并且经第二断路器向第二支路供电;
第一数据模块,被配置成,操作所述第一断路器并且从所述第一支路取样第一参数;
第二数据模块,被配置成,操作所述第二断路器,并且从所述第二支路取样第二参数;及
数据网络,把所述第一和第二数据模块链接到所述处理单元上,所述处理单元根据所述第一和第二参数完成用于配电系统的所有主要配电功能,其中所述处理单元把同步信号传送到所述第一和第二数据模块,从而所述第一和第二数据模块在预定时间窗口内分别取样所述第一和第二参数。
23.根据权利要求22所述的配电系统,其中,所述第一和第二参数从由如下组成的组中选择:负载电流、电压电位、断路器辅助开关的位置、及断路器操作弹簧加载的状态。
24.根据权利要求22所述的配电系统,其中,所述主要配电功能包括从由如下组成的组中选择的功能:瞬时过流功能、短时间过流功能、长时间过流功能。继电器保护功能、逻辑控制功能、数字信号处理功能、及上述的任意组合。
25.根据权利要求22所述的配电系统,其中,所述数据网络是具有星型布局的以太网。
26.根据权利要求22所述的配电系统,其中,所述预定时间窗口小于约十微秒。
27.根据权利要求26所述的配电系统,其中,所述预定时间窗口约五微秒。
28.根据权利要求22所述的配电系统,还包括:
第一主断路器,用来从第一电力馈电线向所述第一电力母线提供电力;和
第一主数据模块,被配置成,操作所述第一主断路器并且从所述第一电力馈电线取样第一主参数,其中所述处理单元将所述同步信号传送到所述主数据模块,所述主数据模块部分地根据所述同步信号取样所述第一主参数,并且所述主数据模块将所述第一主参数发送到所述处理单元。
29.根据权利要求28所述的配电系统,还包括:
第二主断路器,用来从第二电力馈电线向第二电力母线提供电力;
第二主数据模块,被配置成,操作所述第二主断路器并且从所述第二电力馈电线取样第二主参数;
联络断路器,用于在所述第一和第二电力母线之间提供电力;和
联络断路器数据模块,被配置成,操作所述联络断路器并且从所述第一和/或第二电力母线取样联络参数,其中所述第一主数据模块、第二主数据模块、及联络数据模块分别取样所述第一主参数、所述第二主参数、及所述联络参数,并且把所述第一主参数、所述第二主参数、及所述联络参数分别发送到所述处理单元,从而所述中央控制处理单元能完成对于配电系统的所有主要配电功能。
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