CN100563900C - Heater wire and control thereof - Google Patents
Heater wire and control thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100563900C CN100563900C CNB2005800169288A CN200580016928A CN100563900C CN 100563900 C CN100563900 C CN 100563900C CN B2005800169288 A CNB2005800169288 A CN B2005800169288A CN 200580016928 A CN200580016928 A CN 200580016928A CN 100563900 C CN100563900 C CN 100563900C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of improved control device and method, it can be used for soft heater wire, and described heater wire comprises the conductive core of (NTC) layer that has negative temperature coefficient and is spirally wound on heater within the insulating coating.Described conductive core and control circuit are coupled, and indicate the temperature of heater wire with respect to the phase shift of AC power supplies.The nonlinear characteristic of described NTC layer has strengthened along the detection of the local hot spot Anywhere of heater wire length.By the time difference realization exact temperature measurement of measurement between two zero passages, and the improper use (such as harness) of arriving the power back-off heater wire of heater.This heater wire control is specially adapted to the electrical equipment such as heating plate and electric blanket.
Description
Cross-reference to related applications
The name of submitting in present patent application and on May 26th, 2004 is called the U.S. Provisional Patent Application NO.60/574 of " Heater Wire Control ", and 650 is relevant, is incorporated herein it with as a reference.The application requires the priority of aforementioned relevant provisional application according to the regulation of 35U.S.C.119.
Copyright notice
The part of the disclosure of this patent documentation contains material protected by copyright.In the time of in this patent appears at the patent document of United States Patent (USP) trademark office or writes down, the copyright holder does not oppose that other people duplicate this patent disclosure, but will keep all copyrights.
Background of invention
Invention field
Modern heating plate and electric blanket all have the heater wire that does not need independent self-operated thermostatic controller.They are divided into two kinds of fundamental types: a class heater wire has the PTC zone of heating, and it is set between two conductors, and the resistance of PTC zone of heating increases when temperature raises, so electric wire meeting self limit, can not produce heat spot; Another kind of heater wire provides feedback signal to the controller that is used for monitor temperature and detection local hot spot.The present invention is relevant with the latter, and it has feedback signal, and this signal response is in the electric wire temperature and have the sensitivity of increase when the temperature of part electric wire is higher than mean temperature.
Description of the Prior Art
First successful invention is by the present inventor's creation and in U.S. Patent No. 5,861, describe in 610, its use is used for temperature controlled feedback signal and uses the voltage of the appearance of indication heat spot simultaneously, and described heat spot makes the degradation of insulation between heater and the pickup wire.The back-roll of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) nickel alloy pickup wire around heater wire, had built-in electrical insulation between the two.Electric leakage by this insulation provides electric coupling between pickup wire and heater wire.The resistance of pickup wire is measured and be used to temperature control.There is puncture in the AC voltage indication that is present on the pickup wire in described isolated insulation.When polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is used as separation layer, in the time of about 160 ℃ very little electric leakage will take place.When using polyethylene, separation layer melts in the time of 130 ℃, and heater wire and pickup wire come in contact.All send signal to control module in each case so that heater is cut off the power supply.
A kind of similar techniques has been applied for patent by Gerrard, and in U.S. Patent No. 6,310, and open in 322, it uses second conductor as heater, and insulation therebetween has NTC (negative temperature coefficient) characteristic of enhancing.These two heaters connect by diode, therefore introduce negative half-cycle by the electric leakage of NTC layer, and its existence causes outage.In a second embodiment, second conductor is the PTC pickup wire, and is for example disclosed the sort of in above-mentioned U.S. Patent No. 5,861,610.
The U.S. Patent No. 6,222,162 of Barry Keane has been instructed a kind of littler more soft heater wire design, and it uses the plain conductor of PTC alloy and also was used for TEMP so that both be used for heating.In the device of Keane, do not detect because harness or the folding local hot spot that is produced.It uses mean temperature to control the electric wire temperature.
Above-mentioned all documents all are to measure resistance in the electric wire by voltage comparison technology.In process of production, the change of resistance is very little when these technology of application, and the emphasis of concern is a tolerance.
Goal of the invention and summary
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of more soft heater wire, it adopts from reset mode aspect control, thereby prevents that any part of heater wire is overheated and owing to improper use or misuse cause permanent lesion.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of control appliance, and it can allow that the length of control TEMP calibration changes and manufacturing changes.
Another object of the present invention is to control heater wire according to the hottest part on the electric wire, and to control heater wire opposite with the mean temperature of utilizing electric wire traditionally for this.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of control system, and it is very sensitive for the overheat condition along any part of wire length.
Another object of the present invention is to utilize a kind of mechanism to control the temperature and the security of heater wire, and is that this mechanism is based on the time and do not rely on the voltage comparative approach.
Another object of the present invention is that the temperature survey for electric wire provides high-resolution.
According to a kind of form of the present invention, the heater wire with wire core has polyethylene insulation, and it is used for the heater of this wire core and spiral winding is isolated.Heater wire is connected with the rail voltage of opposite polarity by solid-state switch (for example TRIAC), so that control is input to the power of heater.The one or both ends of described conductive core are electrically connected with the node of capacitor and resistor divider circuit.The other end of capacitor is connected with neutral side, and the other end of resistor is connected with the high pressure input side of 120VAC.Like this, the node of described resistor, capacitor and conductive core and phase shift relation that main power source has about 45 ° of phase angles.
With certain dutycycle power is applied to heater, it has the switching time that the different heating represented is provided with.For example, the high setting has connection in 24 seconds and shutoff in 6 seconds, and the centre is provided with to have and connected and shutoff in 16 seconds in 14 seconds.If generation overheat condition, polyethylene insulation be short circuit between fusing and heater and the conductive core, thereby effectively divider capacitor and resistor short circuit, and force the sensing phase angle consistent with main power source.
The zero passage of described controller sensing main power source and described capacitance resistance node, and determine this node phase place with respect to the main power source zero passage whether in a band time (band time) width.If not, then this controller does not drive described solid-state power switch.
In a second embodiment, described insulating barrier is " doping " PVC with negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistance, and promptly along with temperature raises, the resistance of this insulating barrier reduces.As in first form of the present invention, described conductive core is connected with the node of capacitor and resistor divider.When temperature raise, insulaion resistance reduced, and the phase angle that causes this node is near the power input phase.Control device has two zero crossing circuitry, and it is measured the time difference between these two zero passages and controls heater wire by switch power, up to poor for each scheduled time that obtain between two zero passages in the middle of a plurality of the setting.
A kind of form of the present invention relates to heater wire and is used for the combination of the control circuit of heater wire.Described heater wire preferably includes heater, the sensing conductor with predetermined resistance, the external insulation layer that is inserted in the polymeric layer between heater and the sensing conductor and covers this heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor.In a kind of preferred form, the polymeric layer of heater wire comprises that fusion temperature is lower than about 155 ℃ polyethylene.In another form, the polymeric layer of heater wire is semiconductive, and it has negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistance or positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistance.
The control circuit that is used to control AC (alternating current) power signal that is applied to heater wire preferably includes a capacitor that can be coupled with a kind of polarity of AC power signal.A resistor is connected with this capacitor, and is connected to the opposite polarity of this AC power signal.Thereby this resistor links to each other with this capacitor and defines a node at this place.The node of one end of sensing conductor and this resistor and this capacitor is coupled.When power was applied to described heater wire and control circuit, this node showed the AC power signal that phase shift takes place.
Described control circuit also preferably includes first zero-crossing detector and second zero-crossing detector, described first zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of AC power signal and correspondingly produces first zero cross signal, described second zero-crossing detector detect the node place that is presented in described resistor and capacitor the generation phase shift the AC power signal zero passage and correspondingly produce second zero cross signal.
Described control circuit also preferably includes a time difference determiner circuit (for example subtraction circuit), its in response to described first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal and determine the zero passage of described AC power signal and the zero passage of described phase shift AC power signal between time difference, and correspondingly produce a control signal.Described control circuit also preferably includes a switch, its in response to this control signal and correspondingly control be provided for the dutycycle of AC power signal of heater wire.
In another form, the present invention relates to heater wire and the combination that is used for the control circuit of heater wire.Described heater wire preferably includes heater, the sensing conductor with predetermined resistance, the external insulation layer that is inserted in the polymeric layer between heater and the sensing conductor and covers heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor.In a kind of preferred form, the polymeric layer of heater wire comprises that fusion temperature is lower than about 155 ℃ polyethylene.In another form, the polymeric layer of heater wire is semiconductive, and it has negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistance or positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistance.In addition, the heater of described heater wire can have positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistance.
The control circuit that is used to control AC (alternating current) power signal that is applied to heater wire preferably includes first capacitor, and described first capacitor can be coupled with a polarity of AC power signal.First resistor is connected with described capacitor, and is connected to the opposite polarity of this AC power signal.First resistor is connected to first capacitor to limit a node at this place.This node of one end of sensing conductor and first resistor and first capacitor is coupled.When power was applied to heater wire and control circuit, this node showed the AC power signal through phase shift.
Described control circuit also preferably includes first zero-crossing detector and second zero-crossing detector, described first zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of described AC power signal and correspondingly produces first zero cross signal, described second zero-crossing detector detect the node place that is presented in described resistor and capacitor this phase shift AC power signal zero passage and correspondingly produce second zero cross signal.
The control circuit of present embodiment also comprises second capacitor and second resistor.Described second resistor is connected with second capacitor so that limit being connected in series therebetween.Described being connected in series has first end and second opposed end.First end that is connected in series of second capacitor and second resistor can be coupled with a polarity of described AC power signal, and second end that is connected in series of second capacitor and second resistor can be coupled with the heater of heater wire and limit second node betwixt.When power was applied to heater wire and control signal, described second node showed the second phase shift AC power signal.The 3rd zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of this second phase shift AC power signal at the second node place that is connected in series that is presented in described second capacitor and second resistor, and correspondingly produces the 3rd zero cross signal.
Described control circuit also preferably includes a time difference determiner circuit (for example subtraction circuit), it is in response to described first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal, and determine the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the zero-sum first phase shift AC power signal of described AC power signal, it is also in response to described first zero cross signal and the 3rd zero cross signal, and determine the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the zero-sum second phase shift AC power signal of described AC power signal, and correspondingly produce a control signal.Described control circuit also preferably includes a switch, and this switching response is in this control signal, and correspondingly control is provided for the dutycycle of the AC power signal of heater wire.Preferably, described time difference determiner circuit comprises a microprocessor, it determines the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described first phase shift AC power signal of zero-sum of described AC power signal, so that determine the heater wire temperature about the hottest part of heater wire, and/or this microprocessor determines time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described second phase shift AC power signal of zero-sum of described AC power signal so that determine the mean temperature of heater wire.
In another kind of form of the present invention, control circuit control is applied to AC (alternating current) power signal of heater wire, and described heater wire comprises heater, the sensing conductor with predetermined resistance, the external insulation layer that is inserted in the polymeric layer between heater and the sensing conductor and covers heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor.Described control circuit comprises phase-shift circuit, first zero-crossing detector and second zero-crossing detector that the sensing conductor with heater wire is coupled, described phase-shift circuit produces the AC power signal through phase shift, described first zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of described AC power signal and produces first zero cross signal in response, and described second zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of this phase shift AC power signal and produces second zero cross signal in response.
Described control circuit also comprises time difference determiner circuit (for example subtraction circuit), it is in response to described first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal, and determine whether the time difference between the zero passage of crossing this phase shift of zero-sum AC power signal of described AC power signal be approximately zero, and produce a control signal in response.Described control circuit also comprises a switch, described switching response in this control signal and in response restriction be provided for the AC power signal of heater wire.
In another form, the present invention relates to heater wire and the combination that is used for the control circuit of heater wire.Described heater wire preferably includes heater, the sensing conductor with predetermined resistance, the external insulation layer that is inserted in the polymeric layer between heater and the sensing conductor and covers heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor.In a kind of preferred form, the polymeric layer of heater wire comprises that fusion temperature is lower than about 155 ℃ polyethylene.In another form, the polymeric layer of heater wire is semiconductive, and it has negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistance or positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistance.
The control circuit that is used to control AC (alternating current) power signal that is applied to heater wire preferably include one can with a capacitor that polarity is coupled of described AC power signal.Resistor is connected with described capacitor and is connected to the opposite polarity of this AC power signal.Described resistor is connected to this capacitor so that limit a node at this place.One end of sensing conductor and the node of this resistor and capacitor are coupled.When power was applied to heater wire and control circuit, this node showed an AC power signal through phase shift.
Described control circuit also preferably includes first zero-crossing detector and second zero-crossing detector, described first zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of described AC power signal and correspondingly produces first zero cross signal, described second zero-crossing detector detect the node place that is presented in described resistor and capacitor described phase shift AC power signal zero passage and correspondingly produce second zero cross signal.
Described control circuit also preferably includes time difference determiner circuit (for example subtraction circuit), it is in response to described first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal, and whether the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described phase shift AC of zero-sum power signal of definite described AC power signal is approximately zero, and correspondingly produces a control signal.Described control circuit also preferably includes a switch, and it is in response to described control signal, and correspondingly restriction is provided for the AC power signal of heater wire.
The present invention also comprises a kind of method that heater wire is monitored and controlled, and described heater wire comprises heater, the sensing conductor with predetermined resistance, the external insulation layer that is inserted in the polymeric layer between heater and the sensing conductor and covers heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor.Described method preferably includes following steps: for heater wire provides AC (alternating current) power signal; Change in response to the resistance of the polymeric layer of heater wire and to make described AC power signal generation phase shift and to produce AC power signal in response through phase shift; And detect the zero passage of described AC power signal and produce first zero cross signal.
Described method is further comprising the steps of: detect the zero passage of described phase shift AC power signal and produce second zero cross signal in response; Determine the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described phase shift AC of zero-sum power signal of described AC power signal in response to first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal and correspondingly produce a control signal; And the dutycycle of controlling the AC power signal that is provided for heater wire in response to this control signal.
In another form, the present invention includes a kind of method that heater wire is monitored and controlled, described heater wire comprises heater, the sensing conductor with predetermined resistance, the external insulation layer that is inserted in the polymeric layer between heater and the sensing conductor and covers heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor.Described method preferably includes following steps: for heater wire provides AC (alternating current) power signal; Change in response to the resistance of the polymeric layer of heater wire and to make described AC power signal generation phase shift and correspondingly to produce the first phase shift AC power signal; And change in response to the resistance of the heater of heater wire and to make described AC power signal generation phase shift and correspondingly to produce the second phase shift AC power signal.
Described method is further comprising the steps of: detect the zero passage of described AC power signal and produce first zero cross signal; Detect the zero passage of the first phase shift AC power signal and correspondingly produce second zero cross signal; And detect the zero passage of the second phase shift AC power signal and correspondingly produce the 3rd zero cross signal.
Described method is further comprising the steps of: determine the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the zero-sum first phase shift AC power signal of described AC power signal in response to first zero cross signal and second zero passage, determine the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the zero-sum second phase shift AC power signal of described AC power signal in response to first zero cross signal and the 3rd zero cross signal, and correspondingly produce a control signal; And the dutycycle of controlling the AC power signal that is provided for heater wire in response to this control signal.
In another form, the present invention is a kind of method that is used to monitor and control heater wire, and described heater wire comprises heater, the sensing conductor with predetermined resistance, the external insulation layer that is inserted in the polymeric layer between heater and the sensing conductor and covers heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor.Described method preferably includes following steps: for heater wire provides AC (alternating current) power signal; Produce AC power signal through phase shift in junction with the sensing conductor of heater wire; And detect the zero passage of described AC power signal and produce first zero cross signal.
Described method is further comprising the steps of: detect the zero passage of described phase shift AC power signal and correspondingly produce second zero cross signal; Determine in response to first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal whether time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described phase shift AC of zero-sum power signal of described AC power signal is approximately zero and correspondingly produce a control signal.Described method also comprises the step that limits the AC power signal that is provided for heater wire in response to this control signal.
By following description and explanation, adopt soft heater wire will become apparent to the advantage that electrical equipment carries out the described method of temperature and security control to embodiments of the invention.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the heater wire that uses in the preferred embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the electrical schematics of an embodiment of heater wire and control circuit;
Fig. 3 is for the resistance of the NTC layer of 100 feet line lengths and temperature relation curve map;
Fig. 4 is phase shift, the time-based ac power waveform figure that is illustrated between power input and the sensor node;
Fig. 5 is sensing temperature and control to the flow chart of routine of the power of heater wire according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 is according to a kind of flow chart of replacing control method of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the electrical schematics that the second embodiment of the present invention is shown;
Fig. 8 is the electrical schematics that the third embodiment of the present invention is shown;
Fig. 9 is the electrical schematics that accurate zero crossing circuitry is shown;
Figure 10 is the perspective view of the heater wire that uses in the 3rd embodiment; And
Figure 11 is the detailed electrical schematic diagram of a kind of preferred form of control circuit of the present invention.
The detailed description of invention
Fig. 1 shows the structure of the soft heater wire that uses in the present invention.An elongated heater wire has conductive core 1, and described conductive core 1 has the many wire tape that is wrapped in the polyester fiber.Described conductive core has 0.3 ohm/foot low resistance.Suppressed first polymer insulation layer 2 in the conductive core outside, described polymer insulation layer 2 has and is about 140 ℃ desired fusion temperature.This plastic hybrid can be made by low-density or high density polyethylene (HDPE).Heater 3 is wrapped in around first insulating barrier spirally, selects alloy, specification and the per inch number of turn of this heater so that every foot resistance of expectation is provided, thereby produces the required wattage of heating.Carefully select watt density according to product.In heating plate, heater wire is designed to 2 watts/foot, and in electric blanket, 1.2 watts/foot watt density is desirable.Second insulating barrier 4 is compressed on the described winding element, thereby provides and extraneous electric insulation.PVC with 105 ℃ of rated values is often used as second external insulation layer.Its wall thickness is 0.020 inch.It is worthy of note that the low resistance conductive core that is positioned at the central axis of heater wire causes having the most soft heater wire form of two conductors.Such heater wire can obtain from Thermocable LTD, and similar with its model TD 600.
Referring to Fig. 2, heater is represented by elongated resistor R h, and core resistance R c is illustrated as parallel with Rh.The end of core resistance R c is electrically connected with divider, and described divider is made of capacitor C1 and the resistor R 1 between two opposite polarities that place main AC power supplies.For the C1 that crosses over 120 volts of 60 hertz of circuits is that 0.12uF and R1 are the components values of 22K Ω, and phase shift takes place at node J1 place.As shown in Figure 1, described first polymeric layer 2 vertically contacts along the overall length of heater wire.The local hot spot that causes the fusing of first polymeric layer in the heater wire makes conductive core contact with heater, thereby makes capacitor C1 and resistor R 1 by short circuit, and forces the phase place of this node consistent with main power source zero degree (0 °).
In a second embodiment, first insulating barrier as shown in Figure 1 is represented as 2 ' here, its by " doping " thus the polymeric blends with negative temperature coefficient (NTC) constitutes, wherein the resistance of this insulating barrier is along with the rising of temperature non-linearly reduces.PVC has slight NTC character, and along with the interpolation of additive, its effect is more remarkable.Described NTC layer 2 ' plays variable-resistance effect along the overall length of electric wire between heater 3 and conductive core 1.Different with the low melting point characteristic of first insulating barrier of describing among first embodiment 2, the NTC character of first insulating barrier 2 ' among second embodiment is with respect to the described resistance divider of temperature change, thus the phase shift of change node J1.In fact, the circuit of connecting and having a variable resistor NTC layer 2 ' that walks abreast with fixed resister R1 with the fixed resister R1 that crosses over main line AC input and fixed capacitor C1 becomes one " phase shifter ", thereby it is according to the resistance of NTC layer and change the phase place of node J1 according to the heater wire temperature.Utilize the low melting point insulating barrier of describing among first embodiment 2, direct short-circuit between heater and conductive core or switch cause unexpected phase shift.Utilize the NTC layer 2 ' among second embodiment, the phase shift that continuously change relevant with the temperature of NTC layer takes place at core node J1 place.Can realize temperature control by the measured time difference between the zero passage of crossing zero-sum node J1 of main power source.
The temperature as shown in Figure 3 and the relation of resistance have shown the non-linear change with temperature.Solid line has been described when whole section heater wire and has been in the resistance temperature function corresponding to 100 feet line segments under the uniform temp, and dotted line only represents 1 foot heater wire when temperature raises.Should be pointed out that all-in resistance do not represent the mean temperature of heater wire, this is because resistance is opposite non-linear relation with temperature, and described sensing mechanism is in parallel the configuration.The local heat line temperature (dotted line) that is much higher than mean temperature plays overriding effect to all-in resistance.Susceptibility to local hot spot can show by calculating.For example, from 100 feet curves of Fig. 3 as can be seen, operate in the heater wire with steady temperature under 40 ℃ has 96K Ω along total length impedance.Consider now the effect of improper use, for example when electric blanket is folded, cause one foot part reservation heat of heater wire, thereby make the temperature of heater wire of described one foot part be elevated to 140 ℃.As can be seen from Figure 3, the impedance of this heat spot is 31K Ω.Calculate all-in resistance as two parallel impedance 96K Ω and 31K Ω, the result is 23.4K Ω.This result is less than the minimum of a value of the selected 24K Ω under 60 ℃, and this minimum of a value is corresponding to the maximum heat setting.Before allowing this heat spot situation generation, described control will reduce power.100 feet curves shown in Figure 3 have been represented the impedance of the NTC layer in the normal design temperature range.This foot curve has been represented owing to local hot spot is superimposed upon impedance on these 100 feet resistance values.The resistance of NTC layer provides a kind of measure that is used to detect heat spot with the opposite non-linear relation of temperature and the combination of above-mentioned parallel resistance configuration.
Impedance adds with the bigger change of temperature that the high-resolution of certainty of measurement has been alleviated because the fabrication tolerance of heater wire and the problem that need calibrate.Referring to Fig. 3, when the design maximum temperature was 60 ℃, the tolerance of 5% in the heater wire only caused 1.4 ℃ error once more.The resolution ratio of measuring can illustrate by considering the phase shift in the gamut span, as shown in Figure 4.The sine wave curve of solid line is the main power source of 120VAC 60Hz, the sine wave curve of long dotted line when being in 20 ℃ when heater wire at the AC voltage at described signal node place, it has the zero passage at 4.1 milliseconds of places after the main power source zero passage, at the AC voltage at described signal node place, it has the zero passage at 2.1 milliseconds of places after the main power source zero passage to the sine wave curve of short dash line when being in 60 ℃ when heater wire.Have the time span of 4.1-2.1 millisecond from 20 ℃ to 60 ℃ 40 ℃ range spans, have 2.0 milliseconds change in other words.When system clock is used to counter/timer so that during the temperature of measuring N TC layer, the integrated circuit 5 with standard time clock frequency of 32.676KHz is 0.0306 millisecond of phase weekly.In 2.0 milliseconds whole span, counter/timer increases progressively between 0 and 65.At the upper limit of heater wire temperature range (promptly critical section), between 50 ℃ and 60 ℃, phase shift is 1 millisecond and changes or 32 countings, thereby causes being better than 1 ℃ 1/3 Measurement Resolution.The clock frequency of 1 megahertz shown in the crystal XTL in the circuit diagram of Fig. 2 is the clock frequency of using always, and can produce higher resolution ratio.
The control device among the present invention and the operation of method can better be explained by the flow chart of reference Fig. 5.After energising, program is initialised, and all demonstration sections all were activated 2 seconds, and all timers by programming microprocessor 5 configurations are all by zero setting (piece 13).Be pressed up to open button switch 8 and just power offered heater (decision block 14).At this moment, last setting is retrieved, and the automatic timeing closing device by programming microprocessor 5 configurations is activated equally, and initial default setting (piece 15) is set.Temperature is provided with routine and allows the user to come the described setting of incremented/decremented by pushing upper and lower press button 8.As previously mentioned, when pushing described switch 8, described setting is incremented (piece 17) or successively decrease (piece 18), and display (LCD) changes so that reflect Set For Current, and gives a value so that compare (piece 19) with the phase difference of time control for Tx.Routine is set is independent of this control sequence operation, and the Tx value and the value of setting are put in the memory, wherein x represents from 1 to 10 setting.By measuring phase shift time T (piece 20) and this time of determining whether within limit range (piece 21), control sequence begins.If connector is not correctly engaged or heater wire by short circuit, the scope that then described phase time can surpass the expectation, and add thermal control and will be interrupted, display (LCD) is with misdirection situation (piece 22).After satisfying limit check, actual phase time T is compared (piece 23) with the time that is stored in the memory.If T＞Tx, then temperature is lower than temperature is set, and when next power zero passage TRIAC driving pulse (piece 24) can take place.Check the countdown (piece 25) of automatic timeing closing device, if should the time greater than the scheduled time (for example 10 hours) then finish the heating control sequence, and close display backlight (piece 26).Otherwise this routine turns back to phase measurement (piece 20).
It is a kind of that to carry out temperature controlled replacement method be to utilize the limit of established phase time difference to control the time scale of heating cycle.Replace be heated to the described time less than Tx till, have predetermined dutycycle described heating cycle, and the time difference and equally formerly in the routine predetermined Tx compare.If is set less than Tx the described time, then during the cooling cycle, interrupt heating for any.The combination of above-mentioned two control routines also is possible.In lower the setting, use dutycycle, in higher the setting, use control the Tx timing with Tx limit.For example, if for a dutycycle that dutycycle mean value is set less than expection, so very possible electric blanket or heating plate are not operated under the even temperature situation, therefore can reduce dutycycle, thereby reduce the temperature of heat spot effectively.In this case, can be by showing that mismark or icon are to user notification possible harness situation or improper use.
Referring again to Fig. 1, the heater wire with NTC conducting shell 2 ' is configured to closely contact with heater 3 with conductive core 1 in the longitudinal direction.NTC layer 2 ' only has 0.0125 " thick, so heater wire has electric capacity and resistance components.In the critical scope of application, promptly more than 30 ℃, resistance components plays a leading role.Between 20 ℃ and 30 ℃, its effect is worthy of consideration.Because resistance components is higher relatively, so susceptibility descends.
The above-mentioned dutycycle control and the combination of the phase shift limit are a kind of effective control methods, and it is used for improving the control in low-temperature end.To be described in detail below.Referring to the flow chart of Fig. 6 a and 6b, the beginning sequence is similar to the flow chart of Fig. 5.Along with energising initialization (piece 27), control is in standby mode, and up to pressing on/off switch (piece 28), after opening, last setting is retrieved, and the timeing closing device is by zero setting and be activated (piece 29) automatically.Sequence is set and control sequence is moved simultaneously, therefore the adjusting of temperature setting can be carried out any time after control is unlocked.By use (piece 30), down (piece 31) press button 8 changes setting, so that from 1 to 10 incremented/decremented setting, thereby is set to minimum expected time difference Tx and " connection " time D x assignment according to piece 32.Be provided with control dutycycle for each turn-on time.For 30 seconds dutycycle, for instance, the setting for from 1 to 10 (was S
1-S
10), the scope of Dx can be from 3 seconds to 30 seconds.Be provided with 5 and can have 15 seconds the value that is endowed Dx.Will cause in 30 seconds cycle, having 15 seconds turn-on time and 15 seconds turn-off time like this.Be provided with 7 and can give turn-on time of 21 seconds for Dx.
With reference to Fig. 6 b, control sequence is based on the dutycycle of being set up by to the Dx assignment, wherein by minimum time difference Tx assignment is set up temperature extremes.The first step is to make that dutycycle is zero, and to make automatic timeing closing device be zero (piece 33).By the measurement phase time difference T in piece 34, control routine begins.The upper and lower bound of this time and described temperature range is compared (piece 35).If T has exceeded this scope, then do not allow to connect the power that imposes on heater wire, and show error message (piece 36) first.If T within the described limit, then compares T and Tx (decision block 37).If T is greater than Tx as desired, then this temperature is in under the described limit that foundation is set, and advances to dutycycle control heating cycle.Turn-on time D with compare (piece 38) for described Dx turn-on time that foundation is set.If D is less than Dx, this sequence continues to drive TRIAC (piece 39) so, thereby is heater wire increase heat.Then, the time of having been pass by since being unlocked from described control and 10 hours the limit of closing are automatically compared.If the timeing closing device is less than or equal to 10 hours automatically in decision block 40, then described routine continues in control model, and turns back to phase time difference measurements (piece 34).If the timeing closing device was greater than 10 hours automatically, (piece 47) closed in then described control.If this phase time difference is less than or equal to the time difference limit (in decision block 37) that foundation is set for described, the incident (the heater wire harness that for example causes heat spot) outside the expection has then taken place, and described control enters safe mode (piece 43).The design of safe mode is for lower-wattage operation heater wire, and sounds a warning to the user with regard to possible improper situation.In this case, LCD is backlight will to glimmer, and has entered safe mode with expression control.
Referring again to Fig. 2, LCD is shone by light emitting diode 16, and described light emitting diode is shown driver IC (IC) control.Once more referring to the flow chart of Fig. 6 b, next step in the safe mode sequence is that the dutycycle timer by programming microprocessor 5 configurations is set to zero (piece 44), and add heat lag 30 seconds (piece 45), i.e. one-periods.Dutycycle is provided with minimizing (piece 46) by one turn-on time.For example, if described being arranged on 8 (is S
8) and gave 24 seconds for " connection " time, this new " connection " time will (be S with being provided with 7 so
7) identical or perhaps 21 seconds, thereby reduced the power that is applied to heater wire effectively.This routine turns back to phase difference measurement (piece 34), and along with display flicker and dutycycle reduce, this control sequence continues.
In an alternative embodiment, the route of heater current is to pass through conductive core in the opposite direction, thereby electromagnetic field (EMF) is cancelled.Referring to the circuit diagram of Fig. 7, TRIAC 6 is brought in to heating installation power supply by the node that at first is connected to heart yearn.In addition, utilize another TRIAC 48 that the free end of heart yearn is switched to heater wire.When TRIAC 48 was opened, the grid of TRIAC 48 was by capacitor connected in series C3 and resistor R 3 derived currents, and described capacitor C3 and resistor R 3 are connected with heater resistors.After the zero passage place switched, grid capacitor C3 and grid resistor R3 be by short circuit, and keep electric current to be enough to keep this TRIAC to be connected up to next zero passage, and this TRIAC is connected once more when the time comes.TRIAC 48, resistor R 3 and capacitor C3 serve as passive switch, and connect along with main power source control TRIAC 6.Like this, do not need that add or independent control signal to come switch second TRIAC 48.Therefore, can use three wires control cord rather than four lead control cords.When main power source control TRIAC 6 access failures, conductive core by phase place capacitor C1 is set and neutral side N isolates, and by phase place resistor R 1 and NTC layer and high voltage L1 isolation is set.Phase measurement only just can be carried out during shutdown mode.Therefore, control sequence will periodically be turn-offed to measure.
In the 3rd embodiment, heater wire as shown in figure 10 comprises the heater of being made by the alloy with high temperature coefficient of resistance (for example nickel alloy) 51, and described heater 51 is connected to independent phase-shift circuit, so that detect the mean temperature of heater wire.Control circuit as shown in Figure 8 comprises that three zero-crossing detector circuit are to be used for monitoring the mean temperature and the hottest temperature of heater wire.With reference to Figure 10, heater 51 be spirally wound on low shrinkage polyester fibre core 50 around.Identical with second embodiment, NTC polymeric layer 52 is compressed on inner conductor and the described core, and 53 back-rolls of sensor (picking up) line are on the NTC layer.PVC cover 54 is compressed on this double wrap assembly with as insulating barrier.Pickup wire 53 can have identical materials with heater wire, perhaps can be different alloys, and can be processed into and have the interface compatible with the NTC materials chemistry.
Referring to the circuit diagram of Figure 10 and Fig. 8, the third embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail.Heater wire conductor 51 is preferably made by nickel alloy, and nickel alloy is very big along with its resistance of the change of temperature changes, and is considered to along with the temperature increase has the PTC alloy that positive resistance changes.Resistance coefficient with alloy of 95% nickel is every degree centigrade 0.45%.The end of heater Rh (PTC) is connected with the electrode of TRIAC 6 at node J2 place, and the other end is connected with the L1 of AC main power source.The PTC phase shifter is made up of the capacitor connected in series C3 and the resistor R 5 of cross-over connection TRIAC contact, thereby when this TRIAC is opened, forms at node J2 place with the proportional phase shift of heater resistance R h.Along with the temperature rising of heater wire Rh, resistance also increases, and the PTC phase shift also increases when described TRIAC is opened.During the cycle of opening of described TRIAC, the phase place at J2 place is imported into integrated circuit 5 by the 3rd zero passage resistor 49 and detector circuit.It is linear that the resistance of heater Rh changes, and this bigger non-linear change with NTC resistance is opposite; Its change is littler and direction is opposite than the change of NTC resistance.
Consider that for aforesaid alloy, 80 ℃ temperature change causes heater wire resistance R h to increase 36% from the heating plate of the heater wire high-temperature operation of 20 ℃ room temperature to 100 ℃.The standard-sized 50 watts of heating plates that are used to alleviate DOMS can comprise one under 68 of room temperatures (20 ℃), have 287 ohm resistance heater Rh and have the phase-shifter capacitor C3 of 0.47 μ F and 22 ohm resistors in series R5, this circuit mainly has resistive, and shows the phase shift at 2.94o angle or the time shift of 130 microseconds at the J2 place.When heating plate heating and heater wire are warmed up to 212 °F (100 ℃), heater wire resistance increases 36% or 390 ohm, thereby causes the phase shift at 3.93o angle or the time shift of 181 microseconds.Under 4 megahertz clocks, temporal resolution is 16 microseconds, and the PTC phase shift can be controlled at the high limit of shutoff of 176 microseconds and 160 microsecond connections place.Because time basis resolution ratio is lacked (only 16 microseconds), therefore accurate zero passage measurement is necessary.In circuit diagram shown in Figure 8, zero crossing circuitry is illustrated as resistor 49; Yet,, used accurate more circuit in order to reach the required at interval precision of explanation 16 microseconds.Fig. 9 has shown an active zero crossing circuitry, and its sinusoidal signal that phase shifter node (for example J2) is located is converted to sharp-pointed square wave, and described square wave passes the threshold value of the input port of integrated circuit 5 with very steep angle in the very short time cycle.Referring to Fig. 5, resistor R 3 that is connected in series and diode D1 form a divider, so that biasing NPN transistor T1.When this transistor was connected, the colelctor electrode of transistor T 1 was pulled to ground (being logic low) in fact; When T1 opened, R4 moved approximately+5 volt (being the logic height) to colelctor electrode with to the input of the input port of integrated circuit 5, can be integrated the square waves that circuit 5 accurately detects thereby produce.Each zero crossing circuitry by resistor 11,12 and 49 representatives shown in Figure 8 can be replaced by circuit shown in Figure 9.Come the output signal of self-detector resistor 11 that the main power source time basis of 60Hz AC is set at the zero passage place; Come the zero passage of self-detector resistor 12 to measure zero passage in time from the NTC phase shifter with respect to the heating plate hottest point; Come the zero passage of self-detector resistor 49 to measure zero passage in time, so that determine mean temperature and stable high temperature limit is provided from the phase shifter on the PTC heating element heater.
Shown in Figure 11 is a kind of preferred form of described control circuit, and it uses with reference to the heater wire that Figure 10 describes with the front especially, and each in the middle of described control circuit and the heater wire all is formed according to the present invention.Unit number and components values are provided at the next door of each assembly shown in the figure, and the corresponding relation between the circuit shown in circuit shown in Figure 11 and Fig. 2,7 and 8 is clearly for a person skilled in the art.Microprocessor (microcontroller) is corresponding to the integrated circuit in the prior figures 5, and preferably aforesaid parts No.MDT2010ES.The display driver circuit that illustrates previously (IC) is configured to the part of programming microprocessor (microcontroller).LCD shown in the front in Figure 11 corresponding to a series of light-emitting device LD1-LD5.The zero-crossing detector circuit preferably utilizes circuit structure shown in Figure 9 to realize, and is shown as the circuit that comprises NPN transistor Q2-Q4 and relevant discrete assembly thereof in Figure 11.A 4MHz crystal oscillator is used as the external oscillator of this microprocessor (microcontroller).
Be used for the preferred source code that described microprocessor (microcontroller) is programmed is provided at appendix, and be incorporated in this with as a part disclosed by the invention, wherein the preferably aforesaid parts No.MDT2010ES of this microprocessor.
It is contemplated that other combination of the element of describing also is possible, and falls within the scope of the present invention in the disclosure.The interior conductive polymer coating that is described to insulator and has a NTC characteristic in first embodiment in second, third embodiment also can be made by the thermo-sensitive conductive mixture with ptc characteristics.Verified, phase shift can measuredly have increase or reduce characteristic, and can have increase in the situation of the 3rd embodiment and signal that reduce and linearity and non-linear characteristics.
Several embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that the understanding of the present invention is provided here.Can comprise that other configurations and the embodiment that revise and strengthen will be conspicuous for a person skilled in the art, and be considered to drop within scope of the present invention or the spirit.
Appendix
The operation sequence that is used for the source code of microcontroller parts No.MDT2010ES
* * * * file variable definition * * * * * * * * *
RS00 EQU 00H
RS01 EQU 01H
RS02 EQU 02H
RS03 EQU 03H
RS04 EQU 04H
RS05 EQU 05H
RS06 EQU 06H
RS07 EQU 07H
RS08 EQU 08H
RS09 EQU 09H
RS0A EQU 0AH
RS0B EQU 0BH
RS0C EQU 0CH
RS0D EQU 0DH
RS0E EQU 0EH
RS0F EQU 0FH
RS10 EQU 10H
RS11 EQU 11H
RS12 EQU 12H
RS13 EQU 13H
RS14 EQU 14H
RS15 EQU 15H
* * * * I/O variable-definition * * * * * * * * *
PAB1 EQU 016H
PAB2 EQU 00FH
PAB3 EQU 036H
PAB4 EQU 056H
* * * * data variable definition * * * * * * * * *
CON_3 EQU 3CH
CON_4 EQU 78H
CON_6 EQU 0FAH
VAL_1 EQU 40H
VAL_2 EQU 02H
VAL_3 EQU 01H
VAL_4 EQU 1EH
VAL_5 EQU 0FAH
V1 EQU 08H
V2 EQU 0FH
V3 EQU 26H
V4 EQU 77H
W1 EQU 10H
W2 EQU 11H
N1 EQU 32H
N_L_L EQU 0C8H
N_T_L EQU 0BEH
N_L_2 EQU 0BEH
N_T_2 EQU 0ACH
N_L_3 EQU 0AAH
N_T_3 EQU 94H
N_L_H EQU 92H
N_T_H EQU 7AH
R1 EQU 0AH
R2 EQU 05H
R3 EQU 01H
R4 EQU 02H
R5 EQU 04H
R6 EQU 02H
* * * * bit variable definition * * * * * * * * *
A1 EQU 00H
A2 EQU 01H
A3 EQU 02H
A4 EQU 03H
A5 EQU 04H
A6 EQU 05H
A7 EQU 06H
A8 EQU 07H
A9 EQU 00H
AA EQU 01H
B1 EQU 00H
B2 EQU 01H
B3 EQU 02H
B4 EQU 03H
B5 EQU 04H
B6 EQU 05H
B7 EQU 06H
B8 EQU 07H
C1 EQU 00H
C2 EQU 01H
C3 EQU 02H
D1 EQU 00H
D2 EQU 01H
D1 EQU 02H
* * * * * * * * * * * * * RSOC bit * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
PA2 EQU 07H
PA1 EQU 06H
PA0 EQU 05H
NOT_TO EQU 04H
NOT_PD EQU 03H
Z EQU 02H
DC EQU 01H
C EQU 00H
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * option bit * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
NOT_RBPU EQU 07H
INTEDG EQU 06H
T0CS EQU 05H
T0SE EQU 04H
PSA EQU 03H
PS2 EQU 02H
PS1 EQU 01H
PS0 EQU 00H
；＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
ORG 3FFH
GOTO S1 ORG 00H
GOTO S1
RST_UNIT：
MOVLW 001H
MOVWF RS09
MOVLW 000H
MOVWF RS0A
RST_REG
CLRF RS03
CLRF RS02
CLRF RS01
CLRF RS14
CLRF RS12
CLRF RS15
CLRF RS11
RETLW 00H
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * postpones 1 subroutine
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DELAY_1
MOVLW?VAL_4
MOVWF?RS08
DLY_2
DECFSZ RS08，1
GOTO DLY_2
DECFSZ RS07，1
GOTO DELAY_1
RETLW?00H
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * postpones 2 subroutines
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
DELAY_2
MOVLW?VAL_1
MOVWF?RS08
DLY_1
DECFSZ RS08，1
GOTO DLY_1
DECFSZ RS07，1
GOTO DELAY_2
RETLW?00H
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * CM subroutine * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
CM
CLRF RS0E
CLRF RS00
CLRF RS06
CLRF RS05
CLRF RS04
CLRF RS10
CN
MOVLW?CON_6
SUBWF?RS0E，0
BTFSS?RS0C，C
RETLW?00H
MOVLW?CON_6
SUBWF?RS0E，1
INCF RS00，1
MOVLW?CON_6
SUBWF?RS00，0
BTFSS?RS0C，C
RETLW?00H
MOVLW?CON_6
SUBWF?RS00，1
INCF RS06，1
RETLW?00H
TMN
MOVLW?CON_4
SUBWF?RS00，0
BTFSS?RS0C，C
RETLW?00H
MOVLW?CON_4
SUBWF?RS00，1
INCF RS06，1
CLRF RS15
MOVLW?CON_3
SUBWF?RS06，0
BTFSS?RS0C，C
RETLW?00H
MOVLW?CON_3
SUBWF?RS06，1
INCF RS05，1
INCF RS10，1
MOVLW?CON_3
SUBWF?RS05，0
BTFSS?RS0C，C
RETLW?00H
MOVLW?CON_3
SUBWF?RS05，1
INCF RS04，1
RETLW?00H
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * activates * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
ACT1
INCF RS00，1
CALL TMN
BTFSC?RS02，B2
GOTO N_L
NTO
BSF RS09，H5
MOVLW?VAL_3
MOVWF?RS07
CALL DELAY_1
BCF RS09，H5
INCF RS11，1
MOVF RS11，0
XORLW?03H
BTFSC?RS0C，Z
GOTO STO
MOVLW?VAL_3
MOVWF?RS07
CALL DELAY_1
GOTO NTO
STO
CLRF RS11
SN_H
BTFSC?RS09，A3
RETLW?00H
BTFSS?RS09，A5
GOTO N_E
RETLW?00H
N_L
BTFSS?RS09，A3
RETLW?00H
MOVLW?VAL_2
MOVWF?RS07
CALL DELAY_2
BTFSS?RS0A，A9
GOTO N_E
RETLW?00H
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * PROW subroutine * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
N_E
INCF RS15，1
MOVF RS15，0
XORLW?R6
BTFSS?RS0C，Z
RETLW?00H
BSF RS02，B8
RETLW?00H
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * D subroutine * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
F_D
CALL CN
MOVLW?R4
SUBWF?RS06，0
BTFSS?RS0C，C
RETLW?00H
BTFSS?RS02，B4
GOTO D_D
BCF RS02，B4
CLRF RS06
RETLW?00H
D_D
BSF RS02，B4
CLRF RS06
RETLW?00H
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * begins * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
S1 MOVLW?PAB1
TRIS RS09
MOVLW?PAB2
TRIS RS0A
CLRF RS13
CALL RST_UNIT
CALL CM
CT1
BTFSC?RS09，A3
GOTO CT1
CT2
BTFSS?RS09，A3
GOTO CT4
CT3
BTFSC?RS09，A3
GOTO CT3
CT4
BTFSS?RS09，A3
GOTO CT1
MOVLW?VAL_2
MOVWF?RS07
CALL DELAY_2
BTFSS?RS0A，A9
GOTO FA3
CT5
CALL CM
CT6
BTFSS RS0A，AA
GOTO CT8
CALL CN
MOVLW?R3
SUBWF?RS06，0
BTFSC?RS0C，C
GOTO CT7
BTFSS RS0A，AA
GOTO CT8
GOTO CT6
CT7
BSF RS02，B5
CT8
BTFSS RS0A，AA
GOTO CT8
MOVLW?VAL_5
MOVWF?RS07
CALL DELAY_2
BTFSS RS0A，AA
GOTO CT8
CT9
BCF RS09，A4
INCF RS03，1
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * level * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
S_L1
MOVF RS03，0
XORLW?01H
BTFSC?RS0C，Z
GOTO S_L3
MOVF RS03，0
XORLW?02H
BTFSC?RS0C，Z
GOTO S_L4
MOVF RS03，0
XORLW?03H
BTFSC?RS0C，Z
GOTO S_L5
MOVF RS03，0
XORLW?04H
BTFSC?RS0C，Z
GOTO S_L6
CALL RST_UNIT
S_L2
BTFSC RS0A，AA
GOTO S_L2
GOTO CT8
S_L3
MOVLW?PAB3
TRIS RS09
BCF RS09，A8
BSF RS09，A7
CLRF RS14
BSF RS14，D2
GOTO S_L7
S_L4
MOVLW?PAB3
TRIS RS09
BSF RS09，A8
BCF RS09，A7
CLRF RS14
BSF RS14，D1
GOTO S_L7
S_L5
MOVLW?PAB4
TRIS RS09
BSF RS09，A8
BCF RS09，A6
CLRF RS14
BSF RS14，D1
GOTO S_L7
S_L6
MOVLW?PAB4
TRIS RS09
BCF RS09，A8
BSF RS09，A6
CLRF RS14
GOTO S_L7
S_L7
CLRF RS12
BSF RS02，B8
BSF RS02，B8
BTFSS?RS02，B5
GOTO DT1
BSF RS02，B3
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pattern subroutine * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
H1
BTFSC?RS02，B3
GOTO H2
BTFSC RS02，B3
GOTO H2
CALL CM
BSF?RS02，B3
H2
INCF RS12，1
MOVF RS12，0
XORLW?3CH
BTFSS?RS0C，Z
GOTO H3
CLRF RS12
BCF RS02，B8
H3
BTFSC?RS09，A3
GOTO H3
H4
CLRF RS0E
BTFSC?RS02，B8
GOTO H6
INCF RS00，1
CALL TMN
H5
BTFSS?RS09，A3
GOTO H5
INCF RS00，1
CALL TMN
H6
BTFSC?RS09，A3
GOTO A5
CLRF RS0E
BSF RS0C，PA0
CALL DP1
BCF RS0C，PA0
BSF RS02，B8
BTFSS?RS01，C1
GOTO H6
BTFSC?RS01，C4
GOTO H5
BSF RS?01，C4
GOTO H6
H7
BCF RS01，C3
BCF RS01，C4
H8
CALL ACT1
BTFSC?RS02，B8
GOTO FA1
H9
BTFSS?RS09，A3
GOTO H6
CALL ACT1
BTFSC?RS02，B8
GOTO FA1
HA
BTFSS?RS02，B3
GOTO WT1
HB
BTFSS?RS02，B5
GOTO H9
MOVLW?R2
SUBWF?RS06，0
BTFSS?RS0C，C
GOTO WT7
GOTO HA
HC
MOVLW?R1
SUBWF?RS04，0
BTFSS?RS0C，C
GOTO WT7
HD
CLRF RS13
CALL RST_UNIT
CALL CM
HE
BTFSS RS0A，AA
GOTO HC
BCF RS09，A4
GOTO CT8
HF
CALL F_D
BTFSC?RS02，B4
GOTO H10
BCF RS09，A4
GOTO HB
H10
BSF RS09，A4
GOTO HB
The overtime * * of * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
WT1
BTFSS?RS14，D2
GOTO WT2
MOVLW?V3
GOTO WT6
WT2
BTFSS?RS14，D1
GOTO WT3
MOVLW?V4
GOTO WT6
WT3
BTFSS?RS14，D1
GOTO WT4
MOVLW?V2
GOTO WT6
WT4
MOVLW?V1
GOTO WT6
WT5
SUBWF?RS10，0
BTFSS?RS0C，C
GOTO WT7
WT6
CLRF RS12
BSF RS02，B8
BSF RS02，B3
BCF RS02，B3
GOTO WT7
WT7
BTFSC RS0A，AA
GOTO WT8
BCF RS02，B8
GOTO H2
WT8
BTFSC?RS02，B8
GOTO H2
BTFSS RS0A，AA
GOTO H2
GOTO CT8
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * fault mode * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
FA1
INCF RS13，1
MOVF RS13，0
XORLW?R5
BTFSC?RS0C，Z
GOTO FA3
CALL RST_UNIT
FA2
BTFSC RS0A，AA
GOTO FA2
GOTO CT8
FA3
CALL CM
MOVLW?PAB4
TRIS RS09
FA4
CALL F_D
BTFSC?RS02，B4
GOTO FA5
BCF RS09，A8
BSF RS09，A6
GOTO FA4
FA5
BCF RS09，A8
BCF RS09，A6
GOTO FA4
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * detects test * * * * * * * * * * * * *
DT1
BTFSC?RS09，A3
GOTO DT1
DT2
BTFSS?RS09，A3
GOTO DT2
MOVLW?VAL_2
MOVWF?RS07
CALL DELAY_2
BTFSS?RS0A，A9
GOTO DT5
DT3
BTFSC?RS09，A3
GOTO DT3
CLRF RS0E
DT4
BTFSC?RS09，A3
GOTO DT5
BTFSC?RS09，A2
GOTO DT4
MOVLW?N1
SUBWF?RS0E，0
BTFSC?RS0C，C
GOTO H1
DT5
BSF RS02，B8
GOTO FA1
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
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NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
DP1
BTFSC?RS02，B1
GOTO DP8
DP2
BTFSS?RS09，A3
GOTO DP3
BTFSC?RS01，C3
BSF RS02，B8
BSF RS01，C3
RETLW?00H
DP3
BTFSC?RS09，A2
GOTO DP2
BTFSS?RS02，B3
GOTO DPE
BTFSC?RS01，C2
GOTO DPE
BTFSC?RS02，B1
GOTO DP9
DP4?BTFSS?RS14，D2
GOTO DP5
MOVLW?N_T_L
GOTO DP8
DP5
BTFSS?RS14，D1
GOTO DP6
MOVLW?N_T_2
GOTO DP8
DP6
BTFSS?RS14，D1
GOTO DP7
MOVLW?N_T_3
GOTO DP8
DP7
MOVLW?N_T_H
DP8
SUBWF?RS0E，0
BTFSC?RS0C，C
GOTO DPE
BSF RS02，B1
GOTO DPE
DP9
BTFSS?RS14，D2
GOTO DPA
MOVLW?N_L_L
GOTO DPD
DPA
BTFSS?RS14，D1
GOTO DPB
MOVLW?N_L_2
GOTO DPD
DPB
BTFSS?RS14，D1
GOTO DPC
MOVLW?N_L_3
GOTO DPD
DPC
MOVLW?N_L_H
DPD
SUBWF?RS0E，0
BTFSS?RS0C，C
GOTO DPE
BCF RS02，B1
GOTO DPE
DPE
MOVLW?N1
SUBWF?RS0E，0
BTFSC?RS0C，C
RETLW?00H
BSF RS02，B8
RETLW?00H
END
Claims (27)
1, a kind of combination comprises:
Heater wire comprises:
Heater with predetermined resistance;
Sensing conductor;
Be inserted in the polymeric layer between this heater and this sensing conductor; And
Cover the external insulation layer of this heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor, and
Be used to control the control circuit of the alternating current AC power signal that is applied to this heater wire, this control circuit comprises:
Capacitor, this capacitor can be coupled with a polarity of this AC power signal;
Resistor, this resistor is connected in series with this capacitor and is connected with the opposite polarity of this AC power signal, this resistor is connected with this capacitor so that limit node in this resistor part that is connected with this capacitor, this node of one end of this sensing conductor and this resistor and this capacitor is coupled, when power was applied to this heater wire and control circuit, this node showed phase shift AC power signal;
First zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of described AC power signal and produces first zero cross signal in response;
Second zero-crossing detector, detect the described node place be presented in described resistor and capacitor described phase shift AC power signal zero passage and produce second zero cross signal in response;
In response to the time difference determiner circuit of first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal, determine the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described phase shift AC of zero-sum power signal of described AC power signal and produce control signal in response; And
In response to the switch of this control signal, it controls the dutycycle of the described AC power signal that is provided for this heater wire in response.
2, combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire comprises the polyethylene with the fusion temperature that is lower than 155 degrees centigrade.
3, combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire is semiconductive and has resistance negative temperature coefficient NTC.
4, combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire is semiconductive and has resistance positive temperature coefficient PTC.
5, a kind of combination comprises:
Heater wire comprises:
Heater with predetermined resistance;
Sensing conductor;
Be inserted in the polymeric layer between this heater and this sensing conductor; And
Cover the external insulation layer of this heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor, and
Be used to control the control circuit of the alternating current AC power signal that is applied to this heater wire, this control circuit comprises:
First capacitor, first capacitor can be coupled with a polarity of AC power signal;
First resistor, first resistor and first capacitor are connected in series and are connected to the opposite polarity of this AC power signal, first resistor is connected with first capacitor so that limit first node in this first resistor part that is connected with this first capacitor, first node of one end of described sensing conductor and first resistor and first capacitor is coupled, when power was applied to described heater wire and control circuit, described first node showed the first phase shift AC power signal;
First zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of described AC power signal and produces first zero cross signal in response;
Second zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of the first phase shift AC power signal that shows at the first node place of first resistor and first capacitor and produces second zero cross signal in response;
Second capacitor;
Second resistor, second resistor and second capacitor are connected in series so that limit being connected in series with it, described being connected in series of described second resistor and described second capacitor has first end and second opposed end, first end that this of second capacitor and second resistor is connected in series can be coupled with a described polarity of described AC power signal, second end that this of second capacitor and second resistor is connected in series can be coupled with the heater of described heater wire, and described second end limits second node in the position that the heater of described second end and described heater wire is coupled, when power was applied to described heater wire and control signal, described second node showed the second phase shift AC power signal;
The 3rd zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of the second phase shift AC power signal that shows at the described second node place that is connected in series of second capacitor and second resistor and produces the 3rd zero cross signal in response;
Time difference determiner circuit in response to first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal, determine the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described first phase shift AC power signal of zero-sum of described AC power signal, this time difference determiner circuit is further in response to first zero cross signal and the 3rd zero cross signal and further determine time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described second phase shift AC power signal of zero-sum of described AC power signal, and this time difference determiner circuit produces control signal in response; And
In response to the switch of this control signal, it controls the dutycycle of the described AC power signal that is provided for described heater wire in response.
6, combination as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire comprises the polyethylene with the fusion temperature that is lower than 155 degrees centigrade.
7, combination as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire is semiconductive and has resistance negative temperature coefficient NTC.
8, combination as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire is semiconductive and has resistance positive temperature coefficient PTC.
9, combination as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described time difference determiner circuit comprises microprocessor, and wherein said microprocessor determines that the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the zero-sum first phase shift AC power signal of described AC power signal is so that determine the maximum temperature of heater wire.
10, combination as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described time difference determiner circuit comprises microprocessor, and wherein said microprocessor determines that the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the zero-sum second phase shift AC power signal of described AC power signal is so that determine the mean temperature of heater wire.
11, the method for a kind of monitoring and control heater wire, described heater wire comprises heater, the sensing conductor with predetermined resistance, the external insulation layer that is inserted in the polymeric layer between heater and the sensing conductor and covers heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor, said method comprising the steps of:
For this heater wire provides alternating current AC power signal;
Changes in resistance in response to the polymeric layer of this heater wire is carried out phase shift to this AC power signal, and produces phase shift AC power signal in response;
Detect the zero passage of described AC power signal and produce first zero cross signal;
Detect the zero passage of described phase shift AC power signal and produce second zero cross signal in response;
Determine the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described phase shift AC of zero-sum power signal of described AC power signal in response to first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal, and produce control signal in response; And
Control the dutycycle of the described AC power signal that is provided for this heater wire in response to this control signal.
12, method as claimed in claim 11, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire comprises the polyethylene with the fusion temperature that is lower than 155 degrees centigrade.
13, method as claimed in claim 11, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire is semiconductive and has resistance negative temperature coefficient NTC.
14, method as claimed in claim 11, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire is semiconductive and has resistance positive temperature coefficient PTC.
15, the method for a kind of monitoring and control heater wire, described heater wire comprises heater, the sensing conductor with predetermined resistance, the external insulation layer that is inserted in the polymeric layer between heater and the sensing conductor and covers heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor, said method comprising the steps of:
For this heater wire provides alternating current AC power signal;
Changes in resistance in response to the polymeric layer of this heater wire is carried out phase shift to this AC power signal, and produces the first phase shift AC power signal in response;
Changes in resistance in response to the heater of this heater wire is carried out phase shift to this AC power signal, and produces the second phase shift AC power signal in response;
Detect the zero passage of described AC power signal and produce first zero cross signal;
Detect the zero passage of the described first phase shift AC power signal and produce second zero cross signal in response;
Detect the zero passage of the described second phase shift AC power signal and produce the 3rd zero cross signal in response;
Determine the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described first phase shift AC power signal of zero-sum of described AC power signal in response to first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal, determine the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described second phase shift AC power signal of zero-sum of described AC power signal in response to first zero cross signal and the 3rd zero cross signal, and produce control signal in response; And
Control the dutycycle of the described AC power signal that is provided for this heater wire in response to this control signal.
16, method as claimed in claim 15, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire comprises the polyethylene with the fusion temperature that is lower than 155 degrees centigrade.
17, method as claimed in claim 15, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire is semiconductive and has resistance negative temperature coefficient NTC.
18, method as claimed in claim 15, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire is semiconductive and has resistance positive temperature coefficient PTC.
19, method as claimed in claim 18, wherein, described heater has resistance positive temperature coefficient PTC.
20, the method for a kind of monitoring and control heater wire, described heater wire comprises heater, the sensing conductor with predetermined resistance, the external insulation layer that is inserted in the polymeric layer between heater and the sensing conductor and covers heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor, said method comprising the steps of:
For this heater wire provides alternating current AC power signal;
Produce phase shift AC power signal in the junction of the sensing conductor that arrives this heater wire;
Detect the zero passage of described AC power signal and produce first zero cross signal;
Detect the zero passage of described phase shift AC power signal and produce second zero cross signal in response;
Determine in response to first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal whether the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described phase shift AC of zero-sum power signal of described AC power signal be approximately zero, and produce control signal in response; And
Be provided for the described AC power signal of this heater wire in response to this control signal restriction.
21, method as claimed in claim 20, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire comprises the polyethylene with the fusion temperature that is lower than 155 degrees centigrade.
22, method as claimed in claim 20, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire is semiconductive and has resistance negative temperature coefficient NTC.
23, method as claimed in claim 20, wherein, the polymeric layer of described heater wire is semiconductive and has resistance positive temperature coefficient PTC.
24, a kind of control circuit that is used to control the alternating current AC power signal that is applied to heater wire, described heater wire comprises heater, the sensing conductor with predetermined resistance, the external insulation layer that is inserted in the polymeric layer between heater and the sensing conductor and covers heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor, and described control circuit comprises:
Be coupled with the sensing conductor of this heater wire and produce the phase-shift circuit of phase shift AC power signal;
First zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of described AC power signal and produces first zero cross signal in response;
Second zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of described phase shift AC power signal and produces second zero cross signal in response;
In response to the time difference determiner circuit of first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal, determine the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described phase shift AC of zero-sum power signal of described AC power signal, and produce control signal in response; And
In response to the switch of this control signal, control is provided for the dutycycle of the described AC power signal of this heater wire in response.
25, a kind of control circuit that is used to control the alternating current AC power signal that is applied to heater wire, described heater wire comprises heater, the sensing conductor with predetermined resistance, the external insulation layer that is inserted in the polymeric layer between heater and the sensing conductor and covers heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor, and described control circuit comprises:
Be coupled with the sensing conductor of this heater wire and produce first phase-shift circuit of the first phase shift AC power signal;
Be coupled with the heater of this heater wire and produce second phase-shift circuit of the second phase shift AC power signal;
First zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of described AC power signal and produces first zero cross signal in response;
Second zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of the described first phase shift AC power signal and produces second zero cross signal in response;
The 3rd zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of the described second phase shift AC power signal and produces the 3rd zero cross signal in response;
Time difference determiner circuit in response to first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal, determine the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described first phase shift AC power signal of zero-sum of described AC power signal, also in response to the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described second phase shift AC power signal of zero-sum of first zero cross signal and the 3rd zero cross signal and definite described AC power signal, this time difference determiner circuit produces control signal to this time difference determiner circuit in response; And
In response to the switch of this control signal, control is provided for the dutycycle of the described AC power signal of described heater wire in response.
26, a kind of control circuit that is used to control the alternating current AC power signal that is applied to heater wire, described heater wire comprises heater, the sensing conductor with predetermined resistance, the external insulation layer that is inserted in the polymeric layer between heater and the sensing conductor and covers heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor, and described control circuit comprises:
Be coupled with the sensing conductor of this heater wire and produce the phase-shift circuit of phase shift AC power signal;
First zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of described AC power signal and produces first zero cross signal in response;
Second zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of described phase shift AC power signal and produces second zero cross signal in response;
In response to the time difference determiner circuit of first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal, determine whether the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described phase shift AC of zero-sum power signal of described AC power signal is approximately zero, and produce control signal in response; And
In response to the switch of this control signal, restriction is provided for the described AC power signal of this heater wire in response.
27, a kind of combination comprises:
Heater wire comprises:
Heater with predetermined resistance;
Sensing conductor;
Be inserted in the polymeric layer between this heater and this sensing conductor; And
Cover the external insulation layer of this heater, polymeric layer and sensing conductor, and
Be used to control the control circuit of the alternating current AC power signal that is applied to this heater wire, this control circuit comprises:
Capacitor, this capacitor can be coupled with a polarity of this AC power signal;
Resistor, this resistor is connected in series with this capacitor and is connected with the opposite polarity of this AC power signal, this resistor is connected with this capacitor so that limit node in this resistor part that is connected with this capacitor, this node of one end of this sensing conductor and this resistor and this capacitor is coupled, when power was applied to this heater wire and control circuit, this node showed phase shift AC power signal;
First zero-crossing detector detects the zero passage of described AC power signal and produces first zero cross signal in response;
Second zero-crossing detector, detect the described node place be presented in described resistor and capacitor described phase shift AC power signal zero passage and produce second zero cross signal in response;
In response to the time difference determiner circuit of first zero cross signal and second zero cross signal, determine whether the time difference between the zero passage of crossing the described phase shift AC of zero-sum power signal of described AC power signal is approximately zero, and produce control signal in response; And
In response to the switch of this control signal, restriction is provided for the described AC power signal of this heater wire in response.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US57465004P | 2004-05-26 | 2004-05-26 | |
| US60/574,650 | 2004-05-26 | ||
| US11/135,247 | 2005-05-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101035644A CN101035644A (en) | 2007-09-12 |
| CN100563900C true CN100563900C (en) | 2009-12-02 |
Family
ID=38731674
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005800169288A Expired - Fee Related CN100563900C (en) | 2004-05-26 | 2005-05-24 | Heater wire and control thereof |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100563900C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11765794B2 (en) | 2019-02-28 | 2023-09-19 | Fka Distributing Co., Llc | Portable heating apparatus with temperature-retaining component |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102193566B (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2013-02-27 | 王清传 | Temperature control circuit of heating wire and temperature control method thereof |
| US8641273B2 (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2014-02-04 | Sinoelectric Powertrain Corporation | Thermal interlock for battery pack, device, system and method |
| CN102802288A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-11-28 | 王清传 | Safety control structure for heating wires |
| CN103294083B (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2015-05-20 | 彭凯文 | PTC and NTC double-temperature-control circuit |
| CN103197711B (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2015-05-20 | 彭凯文 | Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) single temperature control circuit and temperature control method thereof |
-
2005
- 2005-05-24 CN CNB2005800169288A patent/CN100563900C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11765794B2 (en) | 2019-02-28 | 2023-09-19 | Fka Distributing Co., Llc | Portable heating apparatus with temperature-retaining component |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN101035644A (en) | 2007-09-12 |
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