CN100572620C - A kind of equipment of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization and method - Google Patents
A kind of equipment of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100572620C CN100572620C CNB2007101503648A CN200710150364A CN100572620C CN 100572620 C CN100572620 C CN 100572620C CN B2007101503648 A CNB2007101503648 A CN B2007101503648A CN 200710150364 A CN200710150364 A CN 200710150364A CN 100572620 C CN100572620 C CN 100572620C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of equipment and method of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization.This equipment is characterised in that it comprises autoclave and heating jacket and low pressure still and the heating jacket thereof that is communicated with and high pressure control valve is installed, and autoclave is equipped with agitator; Low pressure still output channel is connected with spinning head through low-pressure control valve, and the spinning head exit is equipped with branch silk baffle plate; Heating jacket, control valve and agitator link to each other with control device respectively.This method is applicable to equipment of the present invention and following technology: polymer and solvent thereof are put into autoclave, fully open high pressure control valve after the dissolving, solution is flowed in the low pressure still, after stopping 15-30min, open low-pressure control valve, make solution from spinning head and the ejection of branch silk baffle plate, can obtain three-dimensional network shape superfine fibre strand; The temperature of autoclave and low pressure still is 150-350 ℃, pressure and is 5-25MPa; Described polymer is a polyolefin, a kind of in polyester or the Kynoar, and described solvent is corresponding with described polymer 1, a kind of in 2-dichloroethanes, chloroform or the cyclohexane.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fibre manufacturing technology, be specially a kind of equipment and method of utilizing flash method spinning superfine fibre, international monopoly Main classification number plan is Int.Cl.D06M 13/00 (2006.01).
Background technology
Superfine fibre is meant the superfine little fiber of filament number, and countries in the world still do not have the standard definition before to the standard mesh of superfine fibre, but typically refer to the fiber of filament number less than 0.3dtex.Superfine fibre is the fabric raw material of a kind of high-quality, high technology content and high added value, with its textiles of making have quality frivolous, soft comfortable, drapability good, and have characteristics such as specific area is big, adsorptivity strong, warmth retention property, waterproof and breathable performance excellence, all be widely used at aspects such as clothing, household, leather and ornament materials.The exploitation of novel superfine fibre and new technology thereof has become a focus of domestic and international research, and its preparation method roughly has: composite spinning is peeled off method, dissolution method, super drawing method, meltblown and flash method etc.
The method of flash spinning superfine fibre is that fibre-forming polymer is dissolved in the appropriate solvent under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, when being equal to or less than its normal boiling point, this solvent can not dissolve this polymer, reduce to normal pressure through extruder by spinneret orifice during spinning, because pressure reduces suddenly, solvent sharply evaporates, and causes polymer height fibrillation and becomes the method for plexus silk.A kind of open method of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization is (referring to United States Patent (USP) 3,081,519 and United States Patent (USP) 3,227,794) be: spinning solution is delivered to delivery tube after preparing under the High Temperature High Pressure, send into the pressure-reducing chamber through the decompression throttle orifice then, this moment is because the pressure reduction, polymer and solvent produce and are separated, but for solvent is not gasified, must the strict pressure of controlling the pressure-reducing chamber.Spinning solution after being separated is again through decompression, in the trapezoidal spinneret ejection of low-temp low-pressure, and the solvent flash distillation gasification of acutely expanding this moment, temperature reduces, and polymer is solidified by the vapor stream super drawing, forms to have three-dimensional netted superfine fibre plexus reticularis silk.But this Apparatus and method for is not easy the pressure and temperature of controlling polymers solution in the low pressure still, also is not easy the time of staying of controlling polymers solution in the low pressure still, therefore is not easy the control process flow process, influences the quality of superfine fibre.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem that quasi-solution of the present invention is determined is that a kind of equipment and method of flash-spinning system superfine fibre is provided.This flash spinning equipment has simple in structure, and running is stable, cleans characteristics such as convenient, easy control.This spinning process has that adaptability to raw material is good, and technology is controlled easily, and operation, characteristics such as good product quality are convenient in industrialization.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves described equipment and technology problem is: the equipment that designs a kind of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization, it is characterized in that this equipment comprises autoclave and heating jacket, low pressure still and heating jacket thereof, be communicated with between described autoclave and the low pressure still and high pressure control valve is installed; Autoclave is equipped with agitator; Low pressure still output channel is connected with spinning head through low-pressure control valve, and described spinning head exit is equipped with branch silk baffle plate; Described heating jacket, control valve and agitator are connected with control device respectively.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves described method and technology problem is: the method that designs a kind of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization, this method adopts the equipment and the following technology of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization of the present invention: earlier polymer and solvent thereof are put into autoclave, at temperature 150-350 ℃, under the condition of pressure 5-25MPa, stir 20-30min, fully after the dissolving, open the high pressure control valve between autoclave and low pressure still two Room, solution is flowed in the low pressure still, low pressure still pressure is 5-15MPa, temperature is 150-350 ℃, solution time of staying in the low pressure still is 15-30min, fully after the dissolving, open low-pressure control valve, reduce pressure, solution is sprayed from spinning nozzle, solvent is owing to pressure sharply descends and flash evapn at this moment, and the high velocity air of formation stretches to polymer, and after undue baffle plate branch silk handled, polymer temperature reduces suddenly, is solidified into three-dimensional network shape superfine fibre strand; Described polymer is a polyolefin, a kind of in polyester or the Kynoar, and described solvent is corresponding with described polymer 1, a kind of in 2-dichloroethanes, chloroform or the cyclohexane.
The feature that the present invention spins superfine fibre equipment and method is that autoclave and low pressure still are separated, and control to adjust respectively, and design has branch silk baffle plate in the spinning head exit, and spinning solution is disperseed by minute silk baffle plate, obtains uniform network-like superfine fibre strand.Compared with prior art, present device has simple in structure, and is easy to use, and running is stable, cleans characteristics such as convenient; It is good that the inventive method has adaptability, and it is many to spin raw material, and technology is controlled easily, and operation, characteristics such as good product quality are convenient in industrialization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization equipment of the present invention.:
The spinning head structural representation that Fig. 2 installs down for the low pressure still by-pass valve control of a kind of embodiment of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization equipment of the present invention:
The branch silk baffle arrangement schematic diagram that Fig. 3 installs down for the spinning head of a kind of embodiment of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization equipment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the electric apparatus control apparatus structural representation of a kind of embodiment of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization equipment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Further narrate the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof, but claim of the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of embodiment.
The equipment of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization of the present invention is (hereinafter to be referred as equipment, referring to Fig. 1), it is characterized in that this equipment comprises autoclave 1 and heating jacket 7, low pressure still 2 and heating jacket 8 thereof, be communicated with between described autoclave 1 and the low pressure still 2 and high pressure control valve 5 is installed; Autoclave 1 is equipped with agitator 9; Low pressure still 2 output channels are connected with spinning head 3 through low-pressure control valve 6, and described spinning head 3 exits are equipped with branch silk baffle plate 4; Described heating jacket (comprising autoclave heating jacket 7 and low pressure still heating jacket 8), control valve (comprising high-pressure control valve 5 and low voltage control valve 6) and agitator 9 are connected with control device 10 respectively.
Autoclave 1 outer wall of the present invention heats with autoclave heating jacket 7, to adapt to the requirement of spinning technique to temperature, agitator 9 is installed in the autoclave 1, can fully stir polymer solution.Described agitator 9 is connected with control device 10, speed governing as required; Described autoclave heating jacket 7 is connected with control device 10, also can be according to the arts demand temperature adjustment; Described speed governing and temperature adjustment are prior art.Low pressure still 2 outer walls of the present invention have low pressure still heating jacket 8 to heat, and low pressure still heating jacket 8 also is connected with control device 10, equally can be according to the arts demand temperature adjustment.Be communicated with between autoclave 1 and the low pressure still 2 and be equipped with and use high-pressure control valve 5, when opening autoclave by-pass valve control 5, the solution that autoclave is 1 li can be flowed in the low pressure still 2 by autoclave 1, and flow and flow velocity can be by described high-pressure control valve 5 controls.Described low pressure still 2 output channels are connected with low voltage control valve 6, and low voltage control valve 6 connects spinning head 3, divide silk baffle plate 4 usefulness screws to be fixed on the spinning head 3.When opening low voltage control valve 6, solution can and divide silk baffle plate 4 to spray in low pressure still 2 by spinning head 3, and flow and flow velocity can be by described low voltage control valve 6 controls.
Spinning head 3 of the present invention is that minor diameter and major diameter are concentric, axially disconnected Burma is step-like cylinder, two concentric sections of forming of different-diameter cylinder are that face is step-like cylinder in other words conj.or perhaps, and two concentric sections of forming of different-diameter cylinder are step-like cylinder (referring to Fig. 2) in other words conj.or perhaps.Its small diameter portion 31 (embodiment is of a size of external diameter 16mm, height 8mm) has external screw thread, and is supporting with low voltage control valve 6, can be directly connected on the described low voltage control valve 6; Illustrated 34 is the chamfering of small diameter portion, and convenient and described valve 6 inserts; Major diameter part 35 (embodiment is of a size of diameter 26mm, highly is 16mm); The center of described small diameter portion 31 and major diameter part 35 has the spinneret orifice road, the spinneret orifice road is divided into two parts of smooth connection: a part is that (cross section is a rectangle in cylinder duct 32, the channel diameter of embodiment is 6mm, length is 16mm), another part is that (cross section is trapezoidal for frustum of a cone body opening road 33, the orifice throat length of embodiment is 8mm, and the bottom surface diameter is 10mm).On the annular bottom surface 42 of outer ring, spinneret orifice road, described spinning head major diameter part 35 bottom surface, be evenly equipped with screwed hole (referring to Fig. 3, embodiment is the screwed hole of 6 diameter 4mm), be fixed on the spinning head 3 in order to will divide a baffle plate 4.
The bottom surface of dividing structure, shape and size and the described spinning head major diameter part 35 of silk baffle plate 4 of the present invention be complementary (referring to Fig. 3, it is 2mm that embodiment divides the thickness of a baffle plate 4, and diameter is identical with spinning head major diameter part bottom surface diameter, is 26mm).The diameter of the middle perforation 43 of branch silk baffle plate 4 and the bottom surface opening diameter identical (embodiment is 10mm) in described frustum of a cone body opening road 33, but middle perforation 43 is not 1 macropore but is made of several uniform branch silk apertures 41, perforation 43 is mesh-like structure in other words, and mesh is for dividing silk aperture 41.(embodiment is that 6 diameters are the 4mm screwed hole to be evenly equipped with the screwed hole that cooperates with spinning head annular bottom surface in the middle of described on the outer annular part 42 of perforation 43.Described branch silk baffle plate 4 can be fixed on the described spinning head 3 by screw.
The present invention has designed the method (abbreviation method) of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization simultaneously.This method is applicable to the equipment of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization of the present invention, and its technical process is:
Earlier polymer and solvent thereof are put into autoclave, at temperature 150-350 ℃, under the condition of pressure 5-25MPa, stir 20-30min, fully after the dissolving, open the high pressure control valve between autoclave and low pressure still two Room, solution is flowed in the low pressure still, low pressure still pressure is 5-15MPa, temperature is 150-350 ℃, and solution time of staying in the low pressure still is 15-30min, fully after the dissolving, open low-pressure control valve, reduce pressure, make the spinning nozzle ejection of solution from spinning head, this moment, solvent was owing to pressure sharply descends and flash evapn, the high velocity air that forms stretches to polymer, and through after the processing of described branch silk baffle plate branch silk, polymer temperature reduces suddenly, can be solidified into three-dimensional network shape superfine fibre strand.The described polymer of the inventive method is a polyolefin, a kind of in polyester or the Kynoar, and described solvent is corresponding with described polymer 1, a kind of in 2-dichloroethanes, chloroform or the cyclohexane.
Embodiment 1
Use equipment of the present invention and method, spinning polyethylene superfine fibre.
Earlier polyvinyl monomer and solvent 1,2-dichloroethanes are put into autoclave 1, under 200 ℃ of temperature, pressure 15MPa, stir 20min, polyethylene is fully dissolved; Open the high-pressure control valve 5 between autoclave 1 and the low pressure still 2 then, solution is flowed in the low pressure still 2,180 ℃ of low pressure still 2 temperature, pressure 5MPa, after 15min is stablized in stop, after treating to dissolve fully, open the low voltage control valve 6 of low pressure still 2, solution is sprayed rapidly and even the dispersion through spinning head 3 and branch silk baffle plate 4, can obtain three-dimensional netted polyethylene plexus silk.
Use equipment of the present invention and method, the spinning polyester superfine fibre.
Earlier polyester monocase and solvent chloroform are put into autoclave 1,, under the pressure 20MPa, behind the stirring 30min, polyester is fully dissolved 350 ℃ of temperature; Open the high-pressure control valve 5 between autoclave 1 and the low pressure still 2 then, solution is flowed in the low pressure still 2,320 ℃ of the temperature of low pressure still 2, pressure 10MPa, after 10min is stablized in stop, after treating to dissolve fully, open low voltage control valve 6, solution is sprayed rapidly and even the dispersion through spinning head 3 and branch silk baffle plate 4, can obtain three-dimensional netted polyester superfine fibre clump silk.
Use equipment of the present invention and method, spinning Kynoar superfine fibre.
Earlier vinylidene fluoride monomers and solvent cyclohexane are put into autoclave 1,, under the pressure 15MPa, behind the stirring 20min, vinylidene is fully dissolved 220 ℃ of temperature; Open the high-pressure control valve 5 between autoclave 1 and the low pressure still 2 then, solution is flowed in the low pressure still 2,200 ℃ of the temperature of low pressure still 2, pressure 6MPa, after 10min is stablized in stop, after treating to dissolve fully, open low voltage control valve 6, solution is sprayed rapidly and even the dispersion through spinning head 3 and branch silk baffle plate 4, can obtain three-dimensional netted vinylidene plexus silk.
Claims (3)
1. the equipment of a fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization is characterized in that this equipment comprises autoclave and heating jacket, low pressure still and heating jacket thereof, is communicated with between described autoclave and the low pressure still and high pressure control valve is installed; Autoclave is equipped with agitator; Low pressure still output channel is connected with spinning head through low-pressure control valve, and described spinning head exit is equipped with branch silk baffle plate; Described heating jacket, control valve and agitator are connected with control device respectively.
2. the equipment of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described spinning head is that minor diameter and major diameter are concentric, axially section is step-like cylinder, described small diameter portion has external screw thread, and the center of described small diameter portion and major diameter part has the spinneret orifice road, described spinneret orifice road is two parts of smooth connection: a part is the cylinder duct, and another part is to be frustum of a cone body opening road; On the annular bottom surface of outer ring, spinneret orifice road, described spinning head major diameter part bottom surface, be evenly equipped with screwed hole; The described bottom surface of silk baffle plate and described spinning head major diameter part of dividing is complementary, and the diameter of the middle perforation of branch silk baffle plate is identical with the bottom surface opening diameter in described frustum of a cone body opening road, and middle perforation has uniform branch silk aperture; Be evenly equipped with the screwed hole that cooperates with the screwed hole of described spinning head annular bottom surface on the annular part outside the middle perforation, be fixed on the described spinning head by the described branch silk of a key screw baffle plate.
3. the method for a fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization, this method adopts the equipment and the following technology of claim 1 or 2 described fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization: earlier polymer and solvent thereof are put into autoclave, at temperature 150-350 ℃, under the condition of pressure 5-25MPa, stir 20-30min, fully after the dissolving, open the high pressure control valve between autoclave and low pressure still two Room, solution is flowed in the low pressure still, low pressure still pressure is 5-15MPa, temperature is 150-350 ℃, solution time of staying in the low pressure still is 15-30min, fully after the dissolving, opens low-pressure control valve, reduce pressure, solution is sprayed from spinning nozzle, after undue silk baffle plate divides silk to handle, be solidified into three-dimensional network shape superfine fibre strand; Described polymer is a polyolefin, a kind of in polyester or the Kynoar, and described solvent is corresponding with described polymer 1, a kind of in 2-dichloroethanes, chloroform or the cyclohexane.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2007101503648A CN100572620C (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2007-11-26 | A kind of equipment of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization and method |
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| CNB2007101503648A CN100572620C (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2007-11-26 | A kind of equipment of fabricating superfine fiber by flash vaporization and method |
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| CN101173374A CN101173374A (en) | 2008-05-07 |
| CN100572620C true CN100572620C (en) | 2009-12-23 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101876089A (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2010-11-03 | 天津工业大学 | Flash spinning equipment |
| CN105442069A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-30 | 天津工业大学 | Flash spinning device |
| CN105624811B (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-11-23 | 湖北新阳特种纤维股份有限公司 | Dry spinning flash distillation controls device and control method |
| CN110129907B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-12-01 | 厦门当盛新材料有限公司 | Flash evaporation equipment for polyphenylene sulfide and spinning method thereof |
| SG11202104341VA (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2021-05-28 | M Techx Inc | Nanofiber production apparatus and nanofiber production method |
| CN109385677A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-26 | 厦门当盛新材料有限公司 | A kind of super high-speed spinning equipment and spinning process using flash method |
| CN114150439A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-08 | 厦门当盛新材料有限公司 | Drawing device of flash spinning tow net and flash spinning equipment |
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Effective date of registration: 20210902 Address after: 511545 28 Delong Avenue, Shijiao Town, Qingcheng District, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: GUANGDONG KINGFA SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL Co.,Ltd. Address before: 300160 Tianjin City Hedong District Forest Road No. 63 Patentee before: TIANJIN POLYTECHNIC University |