CN1008687B - 人体局部放射疗法及其所用的治疗车 - Google Patents

人体局部放射疗法及其所用的治疗车

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CN1008687B
CN1008687B CN87104821A CN87104821A CN1008687B CN 1008687 B CN1008687 B CN 1008687B CN 87104821 A CN87104821 A CN 87104821A CN 87104821 A CN87104821 A CN 87104821A CN 1008687 B CN1008687 B CN 1008687B
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conduit
radioactive source
driving mechanism
shielding slab
test component
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CN87104821A (zh
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艾里克·万·胡夫特·力比·范斯沃
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HOOFT ERIC T
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C1/00Flexible shafts; Mechanical means for transmitting movement in a flexible sheathing
    • F16C1/10Means for transmitting linear movement in a flexible sheathing, e.g. "Bowden-mechanisms"
    • F16C1/12Arrangements for transmitting movement to or from the flexible member
    • F16C1/18Arrangements for transmitting movement to or from the flexible member in which the end portion of the flexible member is laid along a curved surface of a pivoted member
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1001X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy using radiation sources introduced into or applied onto the body; brachytherapy
    • A61N5/1007Arrangements or means for the introduction of sources into the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1001X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy using radiation sources introduced into or applied onto the body; brachytherapy
    • A61N5/1007Arrangements or means for the introduction of sources into the body
    • A61N2005/1008Apparatus for temporary insertion of sources, e.g. afterloaders

Abstract

用高剂量放射性物质治疗病人身体某一部分的一方法,是将至少部分柔韧导管引入目标部位,然后将盛装在一个屏蔽块中的放射性物质用设在屏蔽块后面驱动装置从所述与该导管连通的屏蔽块通过导管移送到目标部位。在此之的,先将一个模拟物移送到所述目标部位,用例如X光图象增强器检查模拟物的位置。实现所述方法用的治疗车。所述治疗车有至少一个弯曲通道,通道后面设有传送机构。供传送放射性物质及传送模拟物。各传送线的传送通道是在检测点前面连接。

Description

本发明涉及用放射性物质治疗人体某一部分的一种方法。一般说来,用放射性物质治疗人体的某一部分可采用两种照射方式,即短时高剂量照射率(HDR)和长时低剂量照射率(LDR)。第一种疗法用以治疗肺癌等疾病,而第二种疗法主要用以治疗乳癌、颈癌等。但本专利申请侧重于上述第一种疗法(HDR)。不言而喻,并不排除对本发明的主题目标在第二种疗法(LDR)的应用方面。
本发明特别涉及用放射性物质对病人身体的某一部分、特别是肺或其它内部器官进行治疗的方法,该方法中一至少部分柔韧的导管被引入到目标部位,然后将盛装在一个屏蔽块中的放射性物质用设在所述屏蔽块后面的一个驱动机构从与所述导管连通的所述屏蔽块经过所述导管而移到目标部位。
在美国专利3,669,093所公开的这类方法中,该导管的前端部被尽量妥善地安置就位,然后配置在屏蔽块后面的传送构件将放射性物质传送到目标部位。在该传送过程中,采用两个彼此间隔一段距离分开配置的光电管,来检查传送线端部的位置时,只需进行一次传送线的端部的位置的检查即可。
显然,这种方法对放射性物质到达目标部位过程中保证不了出现在传送线前端部不发生任何问题;例如在导管通过例如气管移向目标部位、在此情况下即为肺部位的过程中,导管上可能会出现扭结现象。
本发明的一个目的就是克服这个缺点。
为达到此效果,上述方法的特征在于,在将放射性物质移到目标部 位之前,先将一个模拟物移到目标部位,并利用例如X光图象增强器检测模拟物的位置。
由于定向作用是利用了从放射性物质位移的方向来看位于屏蔽块后面的检测或调定点,因而可以提高到达目标部位的精确度。
在进一步改善本发明的过程中,当采用将空心针导入到身体内待治疗的部分时,该针可连接到所述导管,所述检测点可设在靠近所述针的后端。
此外,当为了驱动传送线而应用具有能适配于容纳所需传送线的长度的螺旋形凹槽的可驱动盘时,可采用一个圆柱形盘,在此圆柱形盘的外圆周上设置所述凹槽,同时在所述盘主要部分绕有张紧环带,从而使传送线正确发挥作用并防止打滑。
为确保改变导管长度时不出差错,所使用的一个或多个导管由具有毗邻绕圈的螺旋形金属卷绕线圈弹簧构成,沿该金属绕圈弹簧内延伸有一个金属拉线,该弹簧与该金属拉线的端部都接到各连接部分,所述绕圈弹簧和金属拉线则埋设有一个合成塑料鞘中。
用一个步进电动机驱动圆盘就可以简单的方式令放射性物质高度精确定位。
本发明还涉及一种实现上述方法所用的治疗车,该治疗车配备以一个屏蔽块,屏蔽块具有至少一个弯曲的通道,通道后面配置有一个传送机构,该治疗车的特征在于,除上述传送放射性物质所用的传送机构之外,还配备有传送模拟物所用的第二传送机构:且用于分别带有放射性物质及模拟物的传送线的传送通道是在检测点之前是被连接起来的。当然,也可以将多个传送放射源的驱动机构并排配置。
当传送机构配备以具有螺旋形凹槽的可驱动盘,一条传送线被容纳在所述凹槽中,所述传送线的前端部适宜于与放射性物质配合起作用时(如本专利申请人在荷兰专利8400108中所介绍的那样),所述凹槽可 配备在所述盘的圆柱形圆周上,且围绕所述盘周围设一个张紧带或驱动机构。
为全面说明起见,应该指出,本申请人先前的荷兰专利申请85200018.1或美国专利申请017036)公开了用放射性物质治疗人体某一部分的一种方法和设备,其检测点也同样设置在目标部位附近。但该方法和设备采用了压缩空气,这意味着还得采取一系列措施。
通过使用带有反馈的步进电动机驱动圆盘或张紧带能获得高度精确地重复定位。
本发明的方法和设备的特别重要的优点可以归纳如下:
(一)安全:通过治疗设备的一自动试验运行,检查所有连接部分,并报告出任何扭结或不适当弯曲的位置,这些毛病在治疗过程中会导致放射源出现故障。若试验运行不合格,就不能进行放射源的传送。
(二)模拟:通过荧光检查,模拟物可用以模拟编定了程序的放射源停留的位置。
(三)测定:模拟物可用以测定皮肤进入和引出点或可见肿瘤的轮廓或标志。这有助于使用者精确快速地编制设备的程序。
为全面说明起见,我们参考了对应于美国专利3,861,380的瑞士专利519,918,该专利也谈到模拟物的应用;但那是用手来进行模拟物的接入和解除的。该专利完全没有谈到应用配置在屏蔽块后面的检测点或调定点进行精确检查的问题。
现在参照附图通过举例说明用放射性物质治疗身体某一部分所用的设备的一个实施例。附图中:
图1是用放射性物质治疗人体某一部分所用的治疗车一个实施例的透视图;
图2是图1设备的透视详图;
图3是用放射性物质治疗病人身体某一部分的示意图;
图4是图1至3所示设备的导管的放大透视图,为清楚起见,导管有一部分已卸除。
特别是参看图1如附图所示,治疗病人用的治疗车配备有一个可动的车架,其编号为1。该车架支撑着里面装有屏蔽块3的箱2。所述屏蔽块中包含本身公知的弯曲的通道,用以在其中容纳放射性物质。然而,这已在本申请人先前的荷兰专利申请书84,00108中广为叙述,故这里不再进一步说明。
箱2前端部连接有导管4,在本实例中,该导管4还附有连接器5,在不用连接器5时可挂在支撑杆16上。所述连接器可按本申请人先前荷兰专利申请中的方式连接到一个与它配套的连接器上。但在某些情况下,所述导管4的前端将被安装以可插入待治疗的人体部分的空心“针”。在本实施例中,如图3所示,配置有两个屏蔽块3,各个都与一个驱动机构6在一起配置,驱动机构6在支脚(图中未示出)上配置在各屏蔽块3后面。各驱动机构主要由一个圆柱形盘7构成,盘的外表面设有螺旋形凹槽8,适配于接受传送线9。所述传送线9穿过一导线管10而被盘7所牵引,导线管10向外延伸的一端通过屏蔽块3与没有进一步示出的通道连接。
传送线9借助于绕在辊子15的张紧带11精确而不打滑地保持在凹槽8中,带11则以大约300度角包绕所述传送盘7。传送盘7由示意图示出的步进电动机12驱动。为完整说明起见,应当指出,其中至少一个辊子15是被弹簧偏置的。
各屏蔽块3中的通道都与连接管13相连(见图3),各连接管13再汇合成单根导管,即导管4。
在三个连接管13汇接处以外的下游方向上配置有光电管之类的检测器14,供调定基准点或零点之用,因而也耦合到步进电动机12上。
上面谈过,设备上设有一个屏蔽块3和两个驱动机构6。屏蔽块3 中盛装以模拟物,用以在开始对病人进行治疗时(见图3)检查导管4是否无扭结地传送到目标部位。为此用步进电动机从该屏蔽块3往前推进,以光电管14或其它检测器作为步进电动机的基准点。除上述屏蔽块3外,还配备有另一个其内盛装放射性制剂的屏蔽块3,具有自己的传送机构6。但不言而喻,本设备还可以配备不同数量的传送机构,或不同数量的带放射性物质的屏蔽块。
为防止导管4变形从而使放射性物质可能会移动到错误的地点,如图4所示导管由一个具有毗邻绕圈16的金属弹簧构成。金属拉线17固定到本身是公知的相应的公和母联接部分18、19上,使所述绕圈保持毗连关系。所述各绕圈弹簧和金属拉线各边都埋入合成塑料鞘20中。
导管的这种结构确保自身长度始终保持不变,因而将放射源物移送到目的地时不会出差错。
本发明的设备特别适合按HDR法治疗病人身体的某一部分:本设备可移到病人身旁,然后将放射性制剂准确地送达目标部位,而设备本身的结构却是很简单的。

Claims (16)

1、一种用放射源治疗诸如肺、食道、脑、前列腺等病人身体一部分的方法,该方法是将刚性或柔韧的导管引入治疗部位,然后将盛装在一个屏蔽块的放射性物质用设在所述屏蔽块后面的驱动机构从与所述导管连通的所述屏蔽块通过所述导管移送到治疗部位,该方法的特征在于,将放射性物质移送到目标部位之前,先将一个模拟物移送到所述治疗部位,用例如X光图象增强器检查模拟物的位置。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,利用从放射性物质位移方向看起配置在屏蔽块后面的一个检测或调定点进行定位。
3、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,利用一种可插入待治疗的身体部分的空心针,该针可连接到所述导管,所述检测点则位于屏蔽块(3)附近。
4、根据所述权利要求的任何一项方法,该方法中利用一种具有能适配容纳所需传送线的长度的螺旋形凹槽的可驱动盘来驱动传送线,其特征在于,采用了一个圆柱形盘,在圆柱形盘外周边上设置所述凹槽,同时所述盘的主要部分包绕有张紧环带。
5、根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,所采用的一个或多个导管是一种具有毗邻绕圈的螺旋形卷绕的金属丝弹簧,沿该螺旋形卷绕金属丝弹簧中延伸有金属拉线,所述弹簧与所述金属拉线的端部都连接到联接部分,所述诸弹簧绕圈和金属拉线都理设在一个合成塑料鞘中。
6、一种用以实现权利要求1所述方法的治疗车,包括一个具有至少一个弯曲通道的屏蔽块,屏蔽块后面配备有传送机构,其特征在于,除所述用以传送放射性物质的传送机构外,还配备以用于传送模拟物的第二传送机构,且用于分别带有放射性物质及模拟物传送线的传送通道是在检测点前面被连接起来的。
7、根据权利要求6的治疗车,其中所述传送机构包括一个配备有螺旋形凹槽的可驱动盘,传送线即被容纳在该凹槽中,线的前端用以适配于与放射性物质配合作用,该治疗车的特征在于,所述凹槽是配置在所述盘的圆柱形周边,所述盘周边上包绕有张紧带或驱动机构。
8、根据权利要求7的治疗车,其特征在于,所述盘或张紧带由步进电动机驱动。
9、一种对病体部分进行放射性治疗的装置,具有一放射源,安置在放射通道中;一导管,其第一端与所述放射源通道相连接,而第二端可放入身体中以进行治疗;一放射源传送线,与放射源及放射源驱动机构相连接,用以驱动放射源使之从放射源通道输向所述导管的第二端;其特征在于,该装置还包括:
一测试部件;安置在测试通道中;一连接管,其第一端与所述测试通道相连接,而第二端与配置在所述导管上的一连接器相连,其中,在所述连接器的上述导管和上述连接管之间形成了一个汇接处;一测试部件传送线,其一端与所述测试部件相连,而另一端与一测试部件驱动机构相连,用以驱动测试部件使之从测试通道,通过连接管和连接器,输向所述导管的第二端,因此放射源和测试部件可以交替地被驱动到导管的第二端,以及一检测器,用于检测测试部件或放射源是否存在。
10、根据权利要求9的装置,其特征在于,所述放射源驱动机构和所述测试部件驱动机构包括一个用于驱动所述驱动机构的电动机。
11、根据权利要求9的装置,其特征在于,所述检测器配置在所述连接器中,并且对所述测试部件和放射源的偏移起零点定位部件的作用。
12、根据权利要求10的装置,其特征在于,所述电动机是一步进电动机。
13、根据权利要求12的装置,其特征在于,分别用单独的步进电动机与所述放射源驱动机构和测试部件驱动机构作可操作地连接。
14、根据权利要求9的装置,其特征在于,所述导管的所述另一端与可置入欲治疗部位的一插入针连接,以及所述测试部件和放射源均可通过而到达该插入针上。
15、根据权利要求9的装置,其特征在于,所述导管具有一螺旋形卷绕的金属弹簧线和一纵向放置的靠近所述弹簧线的拉线,其端部分别固定在导管的两端,其中所述弹簧线和拉线可防止所述导管变形。
16、根据权利要求15的装置,其特征在于,所述弹簧线和拉线都埋设在一个塑料鞘中。
CN87104821A 1986-07-10 1987-07-09 人体局部放射疗法及其所用的治疗车 Expired CN1008687B (zh)

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ATE62421T1 (de) 1991-04-15
EP0254351A1 (en) 1988-01-27
JPS6365878A (ja) 1988-03-24
US4881937A (en) 1989-11-21
ES2021346T5 (es) 1998-05-16
NL8601808A (nl) 1988-02-01
EP0254351B2 (en) 1998-01-07
EP0254351B1 (en) 1991-04-10
GR3001764T3 (en) 1992-11-23
US5084001A (en) 1992-01-28
DE3769232D1 (de) 1991-05-16
US5030194A (en) 1991-07-09
CN87104821A (zh) 1988-01-20
JPH0328954B2 (zh) 1991-04-22
ES2021346B3 (es) 1991-11-01

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Correction item: Applicant

Correct: Eric Van't Hooft

False: Eric Van't Hooft|Libi Vansvo

Number: 28

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Volume: 6

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Free format text: CORRECT: APPLICANT; FROM: ERIC MILLION HOOFT HIGHER THAN FANSHIWO TO: ERIC MILLION HOOFT

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