CN1009630B - 复合壁塑管挤压设备及用该设备制造塑管的方法 - Google Patents

复合壁塑管挤压设备及用该设备制造塑管的方法

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CN1009630B
CN1009630B CN86108107A CN86108107A CN1009630B CN 1009630 B CN1009630 B CN 1009630B CN 86108107 A CN86108107 A CN 86108107A CN 86108107 A CN86108107 A CN 86108107A CN 1009630 B CN1009630 B CN 1009630B
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贝尔纳·普雷沃塔
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Alphacan SAS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/335Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles
    • B29C48/337Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging at a common location
    • B29C48/338Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging at a common location using a die with concentric parts, e.g. rings, cylinders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/335Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49895Associating parts by use of aligning means [e.g., use of a drift pin or a "fixture"]
    • Y10T29/49901Sequentially associating parts on stationary aligning means

Abstract

挤压制造复合结构塑管的设备和方法,该设备是由整个分配头,包括挤压模和芯子的挤压设备组成,分配头被分为明显地与挤压设备并齐汇聚的三个环形管路,可容纳熔融的材料。其特征是,流体分配器的供料管路,相对于整个分配头一挤压设备的轴线,是轴非对称安置的,芯子是由扩散和缩合式两锥筒组成,全部形成一个单一的整体,流体分配器的供料的上游位置直接固定在挤压机体上,无需附加任何固定支筋。

Description

本发明涉及多种复合壁塑管的挤压设备和方法。
通常,由于塑管质轻、易安装和连接、抗腐蚀,一般使用在管道系统。目前,常见的这种塑管是三层复合结构,其中的两层是由塑管组成的内壁和外壁,中间层或夹层通常很薄、与两壁同质或不同质。习惯上是用复合挤压法制造这样的材料。
法国第2,455,972号专利描述了一种能够制出这样的复合塑管的优良设备和方法。根据这一专利的设备包括一个可加热和调节的分配头,一方面可向其输送由第一挤压机提供的组成内外壁的材料,另一方面可向其输送由第二挤压机提供的组成中间层的材料,这一分配头具有一种可把组成两壁的材料分成两股分开熔料流的性能。並具有把一种形成第三股熔料流的组成中间层的材料向这两股熔料流之间输入的性能。这三股並存在的熔料流在进入挤压模之前,先通过分配头出口处的扩散形锥筒。
根据这种设备,其中一个挤压机以传统的轴对称方式向分配头供料。这样一种供料方式则必须使用第一组支肋,以便将分配头的金属芯固定在设备整体上;然而支肋却截阻了熔料的流动。同样,扩散式锥筒也必须使用截面更大的第二组支肋,以便将其固定在设备整体上。在这种类型的设备中,至少有三个支肋固定分配头的金属芯,至少有四个支肋固定分配头出口处的扩散式锥筒。这两组支肋截阻了熔料的流动,是非常碍事的。一方面,它们会使成品料多少留下一些直线形痕迹;另一方面,为了减少这些痕迹,要使被截阻后的熔品的材料尽 可能地更加干净,则有必要在后一组支肋和挤压模之间留有足够的距离,这样就不得不使用又长又大的设备。
为了制成多层薄膜,美国第3,756,758号专利提出了一种复杂系统。这种复杂系统在于,在通往同一个挤压模之前的每个流体分配器的一些平行管路的供料的方式是轴非对称的。这些与设备轴线垂直安装的流体分配器,与前述技术中的扩散式锥筒的情况一样,必须包括一组支肋,並带来明显的缺点。根据这种轴非对称的供料技术,即使能够去掉分配头的第一组支肋,也不可能取消置于挤压模前的那组支肋。
根据这些已知技术,如果不使用至少装有一组截阻了熔料流动的支肋的设备,就不可能用复合挤压方法制出多层复合壁塑管。
根据本发明的设备可克服上述缺点,这是因为,相连接的分配头和芯子是固定在处于熔料流体分配器的供料的上游位置的挤压机体上,因此,可取消所有的支肋。这一改进可以极为明显地改善成品管表面的面貌。
这种设备是由一个可加热和调节的分配头组成。一方面可通过一个供应标组成塑管内外壁材料的挤压机向分配头供料,另一方面可通过一个供应组成中间层材料的挤压机向分配头供料。这个分配头通常具有一种将组成两壁的材料分成两股分开的熔料流的性能、一种在这两股料流之间将作为第三股熔料流的中间层材料输入的性能和一种将三股熔料流靠近与接触以使能向挤压设备(挤压模和芯子)提供粗坯的性能。
这一设备的特征在于,分股的供料方式和输入组成中间层材料的供料方式,对于整个分配头和挤压设备的轴线而言,是轴非对称的。 这样,整个设备可以形成一个单独的整体,直接固定在处于流体分配器的供料的上游位置的挤压机体上。
附图可阐明本设备。
图1是根据本发明,由整个分配头(1)一挤压设备(2):挤压模(3)和芯子(4)所组成的本设备剖面图。这个分配头分成三个明显地与挤压设备(2)並齐汇聚的环形管路(5)、(6)和(7)。其中的两个管路(5)和(7)用于流通组成塑管两壁的材料并框绕住用于流通组成中间层材料的管路(6),他们在管路(6)的流体分配器(8)的上游位置,汇集在供料管路(9)里的。管路(9)向管路(5)和(7)的流体分配器(10)和(11)供料,管路(12)向流体分配器(8)供料。根据这一设备,流体分配器的供料管路(9)和(12),相对于整个分配头一挤压设备,是轴非对称地安装的。所谓轴非对称,是指所有供料管路的安装,相对于上述整个设备的轴,都是除对称以外的方式。在这些条件下,最大限度,要不是这种设计会提出一些车间的场地问题,就不必排除相对于上述轴径向设置两个供料管路。由于轴非对称设计,使包括可能一个或几个供料管路(9)、一个流体分配器(11)和一种挤压设备的固定装置(14)的中心部件(13),作为分配头的内体与作为分配头其余部分或外整体(15),在内管路(7)的流体分配器(11)的上游位置相连接。在固定装置上(14)固定了由扩散(4′)和缩合(4″)式两个锥筒组成的芯子(4)。由于芯子的这种结构,可以根据其体积的大小缩减整个分配头-设备的长度,这样,配合流体分配器供料管路的轴非对称设计,一方面可以通过设备后部,例如通过固定装置(16),将中心部件(13)固定在一个 挤压机体上;另一方面可以借助于整个设备的硬度和缩减了的长度,避免出现一切支肋。
当然,芯子的定义还包括挤压模头。
可调节的固定装置(14),可由固定在中心部件上的滑动环组成,能使芯子相对于分配头前进和后退。根据芯子的几何性,这种可调节性能改变各层的厚度,特别是可通过变化管路(7)的直径改变塑管内层的厚度。
图2是根据图1变化的剖面图,表示在中心部件(13)上,与分配头的轴相比,轴非对称地设置了几个向流体分配器(10)和(11)供料的管路(9),流体分配器(10)和(11)是用于流通组成塑管内外壁的材料。特别是,这一管路(9)在中心部件(13)上分为两部分,分别向流体分配器(10)和(11)供料。
图3也是根据图1变化的剖面图,表示了众多可能性之一种,这种可能性是可设置向三个环形管路(5)、(6)和(7)的流体分配器供料的管路(9)和(12),无须用支肋轴向部分地横穿上述管路。
根据本发明,这种设备能制造复合壁塑管。其制造方法在于,可向能够加热和调节的分配头,将组成管壁的材料分成两股熔料流输入,並可向两股熔料流之间注入一种形成第三股熔料流的填料;第三股熔料流与其他两股熔料流在最后进入挤压模或成型器成型之前,将相互靠近並接触在一起。
特别是,本方法在于:
-通过两个挤压器向分配头(1)供给塑质材料。在这个分配头中,塑质材料通过供料管路(9)、(12)分别送入置于流体分配器 (10)和(11)前边的两个环形管路(5)、(7),以形成塑管的外壁和内壁,並且送入一个中间环形管路(6),以形成塑管的中间层。在中间环形管路的流体供料分配器(8)的上游位置,形成内外壁的两个环形管路的供料管路,将塑质材料分成两股流体;-在芯子的扩散(4′)和缩合(4″)式锥筒接合部不远的分配头出口,三股塑质材料流体明显地汇集在一起。芯子显然位于分配头的轴向延伸部分。相对于整个分配头-挤压设备的轴,轴非对称地向各流体分配器供料。
由于芯子直接固定在中心部件(13)上,塑质材料在分配头一挤压设备中流动时,丝毫不会受到因支肋而造成的截阻。
根据本发明,这一设备可以挤压两种不同的塑质材料,还能挤压两壁密度大,中间层密度小的塑管。因此,这种设备还可能方便地适合于复合挤压三种材料。为此,只要能够将管路(9)分成两个,並将其各自连接到挤压机上。在这种情况下,实行全面挤压可能需要三个挤压器。
本设备适用于所有可挤压的塑质材料,特别是聚氯乙烯、聚烯烃或聚苯乙烯。如果需要制出的塑管中间层由轻质塑料组成,应优先选择能与组成塑管两壁的材料相容的、可膨胀的材料,以便在两壁和中间层之间能有足够的粘附性,保证复合内聚性。
如需改变塑管的口径,只须改变挤压设备:挤压模和芯子。除了上述已指出的可通过调正芯子的位置调节塑管内外壁的厚度之外,还可使用已知方法,通过调正每个挤压机的输给量调节两壁和中间层的厚度。
通过这种设备制出的塑管具有极好的外貌,可消除由于使用支肋的现有方法而出现的所有痕迹。

Claims (4)

1、用于挤压法制造复合结构的塑管的设备,它是由整个分配头(1)-包括挤压模(3)和芯子(4)的挤压设备(2)所组成,分配头被分为明显地与挤压设备并齐汇聚的三个环形管路(5)、(6)、(7),环形管路(5)、(7)用于流通构成塑管两壁的材料并框绕住用于流通组成中间层材料的管路(6),他们在上述管路(6)的流体分配器(8)的上游位置是汇集在连接着第一个挤压机的供料管路(9)里的,供料管路(9)向流通两壁材料的管路(5)、(7)的流体分配器(10)、(11)供料,连接着第二个挤压机的供料管路(12)向流通中间层材料的管路(6)的流体分配器供料,流体分配器的供料管路,相对于整个分配头-挤压设备的轴线,是轴非对称安置的,芯子是由两个扩散(4′)和缩合(4″)式锥筒组成,全部形成一个单独的整体,在流体分配器的供料的上游位置,直接固定在一个挤压机体上,没有装置任何附属固定支肋,其特征在于,分配头的中心部件(13)上有一个用于流通组成管内壁材料的环形管路(7)的流体分配器(11),中心部件(13)在上述流体分配器(11)的上游位置与作为分配头外体的整个部件(15)相连接;以及其特征在于,至少有一个上述流体分配器(11)的轴非对称供料管路(9)穿过中心部件(13)。
2、根据权利要求1的设备,其特征在于,中心部件(13)上有一个用于流通组成管内壁材料的环形管路(7)的流体分配器(11),有两个同一个挤压机供料的轴非对称管路(9)穿过中心部件,其中一个管路向用于流通形成管内壁材料的环形管路(5)的流体分配器(10)供料。
3、根据权利要求1至2中的任何一种设备,其特征在于,分配头的内件(13)在其两端中间的一端明显地位于轴位上有一种固定装置(14),它包括其本身的挤压设备的芯子的调节装置。
4、使用权利要求1-3的设备制造复合壁塑管的方法,此法通过两个挤压机向分配头(1)供给塑质材料,在分配头中,塑质材料通过供料管路(9)、(12)分别送入置于流体分配器(10)、(11)前边的两个环形管路(5)、(7),以形成塑管的外壁和内壁,并且送入一个中间环形管路(6),以形成塑管的中间层,形成内外壁的两个环形管路的供料管路,在中间环形管路的流体供料分配器(8)的上游位置,将塑质材料分成两股流体;这种塑管的制造方法还在于,在芯子的扩散(4′)和缩合(4″)式锥筒接合部不远的分配头出口,三股塑质材料流体明显地汇集在一起,芯子固定在中心部件(13)上,并显然位于分配头轴线向的延伸部分,各流体分配器,相对于整个分配头-挤头设备的轴线,是被轴非对称地供料的。
CN86108107A 1985-12-18 1986-12-15 复合壁塑管挤压设备及用该设备制造塑管的方法 Expired CN1009630B (zh)

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FR8518800A FR2591527B1 (fr) 1985-12-18 1985-12-18 Appareillage pour l'execution de tubes plastiques a parois composites. procede de fabrication de tubes au moyen de l'appareillage
FR8518800 1985-12-18

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ES2011456T5 (es) 1999-05-01
AU6667186A (en) 1987-06-25
BR8606240A (pt) 1987-09-29
FI865167A0 (fi) 1986-12-17
NO864751D0 (no) 1986-11-26
ES2011456B3 (es) 1990-01-16
PT83956B (pt) 1989-06-30
JPH0751308B2 (ja) 1995-06-05
FR2591527B1 (fr) 1988-04-01
NZ218639A (en) 1988-04-29
GR3029850T3 (en) 1999-07-30
EP0236645A1 (fr) 1987-09-16
FI85352C (fi) 1992-04-10
DE3665830D1 (en) 1989-11-02
AU585681B2 (en) 1989-06-22
PT83956A (fr) 1987-01-01
US4783299A (en) 1988-11-08
ATE46651T1 (de) 1989-10-15
NO864751L (no) 1987-06-19
DK162584B (da) 1991-11-18
EP0236645B2 (fr) 1999-02-10
EP0236645B1 (fr) 1989-09-27
KR870005778A (ko) 1987-07-07
DK608386D0 (da) 1986-12-17
CN86108107A (zh) 1987-11-04
JPS62246712A (ja) 1987-10-27
CA1290529C (fr) 1991-10-15
GR3000212T3 (en) 1990-12-31
DK608386A (da) 1987-06-19
FI865167A (fi) 1987-06-19
FR2591527A1 (fr) 1987-06-19
FI85352B (fi) 1991-12-31

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