CN1009989B - 带有流液阻止层的内裤衬垫 - Google Patents

带有流液阻止层的内裤衬垫

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CN1009989B
CN1009989B CN86105559A CN86105559A CN1009989B CN 1009989 B CN1009989 B CN 1009989B CN 86105559 A CN86105559 A CN 86105559A CN 86105559 A CN86105559 A CN 86105559A CN 1009989 B CN1009989 B CN 1009989B
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layer
product
trapping layer
flow liquid
absorbed
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CN86105559A (zh
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帕特里夏·艾琳·贝克尔
肯尼思·约翰·莫利
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Personal Products Co
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Personal Products Co
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Abstract

一种能吸收体液的产品，供妇女使用于内裤的交叉部位处。本产品在最接近身体处有第一吸收层，在面向服装处有第二吸收层，这两层之间有流液阻止层，起着阻止流液从一个吸收层流向另一个吸收层的作用，流液阻止层包括单层或多层疏水性的纤维网料，该网料的升柱穿透值至少为10英寸，空气渗透率至少为20英尺3/英尺2/分钟。

Description

本发明是关于薄型的、有吸收能力的内裤衬垫，用于保护穿着人的内衣，供在月经期间应用。在月经期间可单独地或与其它月经期用的器件一并使用。
目前市场上有数种产品出售，用于防止内衣裤的污染，一般来讲，这些产品的设计都是用在内裤的交叉部位。这些产品都有一个面向身体的正面层，它对体液有渗透力;一个有吸收能力的基体，它能吸收和保留一定量的体液，和一个面向服装的体液不能渗透的背面层，用以阻止被吸收和保留的体液“穿透”到内裤的交叉部位的表面。另外，这些产品一般都有一层压敏胶粘剂，用以把该产品和内裤的交叉部位胶合起来。
这样的一种产品在1982年9月24日提出、申请号423389的美国专利申请中已经述及。该种产品还另具透气能力的特性。如在该申请的说明书中已公开，当所述及的内裤衬垫用于月经期间或与其它月经期用的器件一并使用时，要求只保持相对少量的液体。然而，由于这种产品需要使用较长的一段时间，这就要求在该产品中的体液沉积物能够逐渐干燥。如上所述，该产品的设计是使在面向服装的背面有一个防水的、能透气的阻挡层，并使该产品的透气性至少能保持在某个最小值。虽然“可透气的”阻挡层是已知并且已有人提出，该产品是首次设计成具有完全可透气性，相信是由于该等发明者首次认识到在此类特殊产品中这一指标的重要性。
当上述的产品按照设计的情况应用，即：一体液沉积量小时，该产 品便显示很有效。而当使用人遇上不寻常的大量体液排出并集中于内裤衬垫的小区域时，就不符合要求了。在这些情况下，内裤的衬垫便失去功能，于是，这些沉积的体液可直接从可渗透面层的面向身体的正面流到吸收层，再穿过透气的阻挡层而直到内衣裤上面。
亟需解决在异常大量体液沉积的情况下而发生穿透的问题，但同时不使可透气内裤衬垫的其它有利性能下降。
按照本发明是提供一种内裤衬垫，并带有在非一般的情况下出现大量体液沉积时使穿透减至最少的一层，同时不使有利的透气性属性变差。
具体来讲，本发明是提供一种吸收体液的产品，该产品在最接近身体的一面有第一吸收层，在面向衣服的一面有第二吸收层，上述的这些吸收层之间是液流阻止层，该层起着阻止液流从近身面的吸收层流至衣服面的吸收层，而是使流液沿向身体面的吸收层内横向流动。因此，只有当大量的流液已经沉积和分布于向身体面的吸收层之后，流液才会透过流液阻止层而进入向衣服面的吸收层。
阻止层包括一层或多层疏水的纤维网料，该网料的升柱穿透值（RCST）为至少10英寸水，更好是至少12英寸水。另外，为了保持产品的透气和利用向服装面的吸收层，该阻止层需具备的空气渗透率至少在20英尺3/英尺2/分钟，最好是40英尺3/英尺2/分钟，用Frazier空气渗透仪来测定。
从下面的叙述和附图可对本发明有充分的了解：
图1是采用本发明方法的一种内裤衬垫的透视图，为清楚起见，部分地剥开胶合保护防粘层。
图2是图1内裤衬垫的面向身体一面的俯视图。
图3是图1内裤衬垫的面向服装一面的俯视图。
图4是图2内裤衬垫的横剖面图，其剖面在图2中的4-4处。
图5是图2内裤衬垫的纵剖面图，其剖面在图2中的5-5处。
图1-5是用透视图、俯视图和剖面图来表明一种按本发明的内裤衬垫10。分别从图2和图3中能看到有一个面向身体的面12和一个面向服装的面14。衬垫外部的面向身体面有一外盖面18，该盖面能或不能吸收和保留体液，但它总是能使体液透过。衬垫10的面向身体面的最外层表面有美观的压制花样。该花样达到盖面18之内，也能达到一至多层芯层16。
外盖面18可以由任何一种用作卫生巾盖面的典型流液能透过的材料制成，如：一种织造的盖面，即纱布，或举例来讲，一种无纺布材料，这在1971年1月12日Fechillas的美国专利3554788中已有所叙述，该材料具有可冲的优点，即可以在厕所中分散和冲掉。
外盖层也有一低密度、高吸收性、热粘合织物，是一种由吸收性的纤维和短长度的聚酯/聚乙烯共轭纤维所组成的混合物。吸收性纤维最好是经处理而提高吸收性的木浆或其它纤维素材料。共轭纤维是有聚酯芯的纤维，由聚乙烯套环绕着该聚酯芯。
所述共轭纤维最好是使用高密度聚乙烯，即线型聚乙烯，其密度为至少0.94，熔体流动指数（按ASTM D-1238E方法，采用190℃、2160克测定），大于1，较好是大于10，最好是约20-50。该纤维含聚酯量可以是40-60%，最好45-55%（重量），余量为聚乙烯。所用纤维的旦数可以是约1-6，长度可以是约1.27厘米至7.62-10.16厘米。优选方式是该织物具有热熔纤维构成的多个外层，并且在其间夹有木浆和共轭纤维混合物。这些外层可以由该共轭纤维或者任何可以热熔的材料所组成，例如聚丙烯纤维。将这些纤维在实质上零压力条件下加热进行稳定化，使之发生热粘结，同时不破坏纤维的整体性形状，保持其低密度。一般，此织物的松密度低于约0.15克/厘米3。
在一优选方案中，在外盖层18中含有足量的可热封合的组分，例如 聚丙烯或聚乙烯，从而使外盖18能封合到背层20上，使产品10达到完全封闭。其中的背层20可以是任何可热封合的、较为开松的织物，其主要功用是辅助外盖层18来包容该衬垫的其余部分。特别适用的背层材料包括两层：第一层由聚酯构成，另一层由前述的共轭纤维构成。该织物的制造可以是将聚酯纤维在移动中的网上沉积一层，并将该共轭纤维辅于其上。可以利用类似于1969年12月23日F.J.Evans的美国专利3485706的方法使这些纤维相互交缠而维持其整体性形状。所述的方法是制成一种织物，该织物具许多通透开孔并形成规则的图形，这种材料特别适用于本发明的可透气内裤衬垫的背层材料。为简单起见，在不要求该共轭纤维的封合性质的场合，该背层可以只含有聚酯纤维。
不言而喻，虽然最好是使外盖层18和背层含有可热封合材料并用热封合法将之封合在一起，但这并非必需的。例如，该背层和盖层可以只含有纤维素纤维并且用粘合剂、卷封来封合到一起，或两法结合使用。
在背层20的外表面的一处或两处贴盖上粘合剂层22，用于将此内裤衬垫粘贴到穿着者的内裤的交叉部位。如图3所示，上面有两个纵条的压敏粘合剂带。但不言而喻，本技术领域人员可以变化它们的数目和形状。所述压敏粘合剂可以是适用于此用途的任何已知粘合剂组合物，例如水基压敏粘合剂如丙烯酸酯系粘合剂，例如乙酸乙烯基酯和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的共聚物，通常其中加有增粘性剂，例如乙二胺。另一方式，该粘合剂可以是速固化的热塑性（热熔）粘合剂，如嵌段共聚物类，例如苯乙烯和丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物。该粘合部位也可以是一种双面粘结材料。
如图1、4、5所示，该粘合部位22由一条防粘条24护盖住，防止在使用之前发生不希望的粘结。防粘条24可由任何片状材料制成，并且应与粘合部位22有足够的粘结性使之保持在该位置，但在要使用该内裤衬垫10时，又能方便地将之除掉。一种特别适用的材料是半漂牛皮纸， 并且在接触粘合剂的一面涂布有聚硅氧烷，使之在使用之前很容易把它从粘合部位除下来。
按本发明，在盖层18和背层20之间是芯层16，可由图4和图5看到。芯层16包括一个流液阻止层，它是夹在向体面吸收层28和向服装面吸收层30之间。不言而喻，虽然在图示方案中示出的向体面吸收层28、向服装面吸收层30、阻止层26都只是一层的，但本发明范围还包括这些层都是多层并符合本发明要求的方案。
吸收层28和30可以由已知用于此类产品的多种材料所构成，例如可以是木浆、人造丝或其他纤维素材料以及合成纤维所成的网料，或是泡沫材料例如聚酯或聚氨酯泡沫。这些层也可以是上述各种材料的混合物或包括吸收增进剂，如本技术领域惯用的亲水胶体或超吸收材料。
G.J.Liloia等的1972年5月16日美国专利3663238举出了适用于层28和30的材料。所述是一种柔软、松的无纺布材料，其中含约25%（重量）的较长（约2.9厘米）人造丝纤维和约75%（重量）较短（约0.2厘米）木浆纤维的混合物，并使用一种水中分散的粘结剂进行通透粘结而使之稳定化，粘结剂用量为干基纤维总重的约1-30%。适用的粘结剂为自固化型丙烯酸系、氨酯系胶乳，或其他类似的粘结剂。
对于层28和30的另一种适用的吸收性材料是上述的热粘结的聚酯/聚乙烯共轭纤维。
另一种适用的吸收性材料是木浆纤维和粘结剂所成的粘结的网料。例如，木浆纤维80%（重量）、粘结剂20%（重量）所成的网料，其密度为0.072克/厘米3，单位重为约2.5盎斯/码2。可用上述的粘结剂，推荐使用聚乙酸乙烯酯和聚丙烯酸酯的混合物。
按本发明，在层28和30之间夹有流液阻止层26，其作用是防止突然大量排出并沉积在本产品较小面积的体液因阻止不住而透过向身体面的吸收层，进入向衣服面的吸收层，使阻挡层（可透气层32、34）过负荷 而污染穿衣人的内裤。
但由于使用了流液阻止层26，从而阻住突然排出的流液使之不能从向身体面流至向衣服面，而是侧向流动而分散在向身体面吸收层28中。另方面，该流液阻止层26必须能让流体穿过它的，主要是为了让蒸汽形式的流体能穿过该产品而逸出，使该产品在使用过程中可以快速变干。另外，若是向身体面吸收层吸收了多量的体液，则很重要一点是能让这些体液穿过流液阻止层并把它们滞留在向衣服面吸收层30之中。
业已发现可借助提供这样一种流液阻止层来实现这一功能，即该层中含有升柱穿透值至少为10英寸水、最好为至少12英寸水的疏水纤维。此外，用作阻止流液的材料其Frazier空气渗透率至少为20英尺3/英尺2/分钟，最好至少40英尺3/英尺2/分钟。
所述纤维质层的疏水特性是本技术领域所用的术语，是用于表征一种材料，液体在该材料上不会铺展开来，并且其接触角大于约50°。所谓接触角是指一水滴在两个界面相交之处在水/空气界面和水/固体界面之间的夹角。接触角可由本技术领域任何方法测定，例如A.Adam-son.Physical    Chenistry    of    Surfaces，2nd    Ed，1967，中所述。不言而喻，使用本性为疏水的聚合物制成所述纤维网料可以具备该疏水性，例如可用聚丙烯纤维等等。另一方式，可将由亲水性纤维所制的网料进行疏水性处理，例如使用经防水处理的松软网料。这两类网料均可用作本发明的流液阻止层。
所用的网料必须具有阻挡液体流过的性能，其定量表达方式是用升柱穿透为至少10英寸水，最好至少12英寸水。该值是由实验测得，用以定量表达织物或层料对液体穿透的阻力。此处所用试验方法是使用内径2英寸的透明塑料管以竖向置放。其底部有一法兰，在这个空法兰处夹上受试的织物样品，样品为3.5英寸见方，测定前先在65±2%相对湿度和70±2°F温度条件下调理。
装好样品后，从距竖管底部1.0英寸处的1/4英寸直径入口管通入自来水，水流入速率应使水柱升高速率为11.5±0.5英寸/分钟。观察样品底部，当有第一滴水滴下时，记录水柱高度，由此得到升柱穿透值，以英寸水表示。
所用的网料还必须具有渗透性，以使产品具透气性，和当向体面吸收层负载液体过多时，使液体经过向体面吸收层流至向服装面吸收层。用Frazier空气渗透仪来测定，网料必须有至少约20英尺3/英尺2/分钟的透气率，最好至少约40英尺3/英尺2/分钟（该仪器型号为608，由Frazier Precision Instrument Co.Inc.供应，地址（Gatherberg，Maryland）。此仪器是测定产生1/2英寸水的压力降时，所需空气流量英尺3/英尺2（样品面积）/分钟。
对于本领域人员不讲自明，可以制成多种类型的网料或层料，若这些材料符合此处所要求的性质，即可应用于本发明。
特别适用于制造流液阻止层的材料是使用一或两层卫生纸经过化学处理使之具备合要求的流液阻止和疏水性。最好每层未处理的卫生纸是由氢键固结在一起的纤维素纤维。单位重量可以为约0.2-1.0盎斯/码2，最好是约0.5-0.75盎斯/码2。该卫生纸还应具有足够强度，以便在制造产品的过程中保持完整性。
该卫生纸应当用足量的防水剂处理，以符合上述要求。这些防水剂例如有：松香;树脂类如虫胶、东印度树脂、Danner树脂、sien、聚硅氧烷树脂、酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂;乙酰化剂如惰性溶剂中的乙酐;氰乙基化剂;或双烯酮（例如可见美国专利2627477）或聚烯酮或聚烯酮的共聚物。优选的处理方法是使用Aquapel作为防水剂（Hercules Inc出品，地址Wilmington，Delaware）。此防水剂是C16-C18烷基烯酮二聚物的混合物。处理方法可以是将该卫生纸通过含防水剂的水液浴。该浴中还可加入添加剂，使处理过程顺利，使活性化合物稳定，或克卫生纸 着色。添加剂例如包括pH稳定剂、消泡沫剂、颜料和色料稳定剂等。
另一种适于作本发明的流液阻止层的材料是包含疏水合成聚合物纤维的网料，它们基本上是靠熔合粘结到一起的，制造时可将纤维缠结成的物料加热，于是使相邻纤维的接触点处熔化。另一方式，可以在纤维挤出时在至少仍有部分塑性时使之形成无规的网料，制造此等网料例如可见于美国专利3595245，3704198，3825380。选用的纤维应是疏水性或可以经处理后成为疏水性的热塑性合成聚合物，优选为聚丙烯和聚酯纤维。
按图4和5，在芯层16和背层20之间夹有两层透气性阻挡材料32。此材料见于1982年9月24日共同申请的美国专利申请423389所述。材料32基本上是一个纤维状、可透蒸汽、拒斥液体的层，用于保护穿衣者的内裤不接触体液，同时使蒸发的体液从其中通过。材料32的防水性应至少有3.0厘米水，空气渗透率至少20英尺3/英尺2/分钟。可选用的材料32有很多，但适于作流液阻止层26的材料也适于作为材料32。
实例1
下例阐明本发明所具备的优点：
第一组内裤衬垫按图1-5所示的一般构造和样式制造。产品长5.5英寸（14.0厘米），宽2.2英寸（5.6厘米），最小宽度为1.85英寸（4.7厘米），最大厚度为0.21英寸（0.533厘米）产品总重2.47克，衬垫的向体面层有一外盖面，是由一种热粘结的吸收性纤维构成，全体为木浆纤维24%，共轭纤维76%（重量），共轭纤维有一聚酯芯和一高密度聚乙烯外套。共轭纤维的纤维长度为3.81厘米，3.0旦。该材料的分布是在共轭纤维的二个外表面的夹层里有一木浆/共轭纤维混合物，外表面单位重量为0.32盎斯/码2和0.37盎斯/码2，较重的外层是用于产品的向体面层。织物的稳定化是把热空气通过纤维，于是使高密度的聚乙烯熔化，在聚乙烯冷却后，就使纤维粘结在一起。全部织物单位重量为1.55盎斯/ 码2。
衬垫吸收芯层周围有一向身体面吸收层和一向服装面吸收层，其间有一流液阻止层。
向身体面吸收层和向服装面吸收层都是粘结的网料，该网料含木浆纤维重80%;聚乙酸乙烯酯/聚丙烯酸酯粘合剂重20%，每层密度为0.072克/厘米3，单位重量为2.5盎斯/码2。
上述流液阻止层是一种含有聚丙烯纤维的单层的网料。该网料是按美国专利3595245;3704198和3825380制造的。网料是得自James River Corporation的Riegel Division，地址Milford，New Jersey，单位重量0.59盎斯/码2，厚度0.0079英寸，抗拉强度1.32磅/英寸/层，断裂伸长率为45.6%。
本产品的后背层是按上述全部应用聚酯多孔缠结编织。两层同此的材料用作流液阻止层，是作为透气阻挡层。
第二组衬垫的制备是省略了所述流液阻止层，其余同上。产品由两组各三十位妇女每人用二块衬垫试用，第一组的衬垫附有流液阻止层，第二组的衬垫里没有流液阻止层。每一组衬垫，在交付给使用者之前，都曾在其中心部位沉积0.5厘米的人工仿造的月经液。衬垫使用者戴用本产品四个小时，然后回收样品，再作穿透检查，其结果如下：
表（1）
产品    使用者人数    产品穿透故障%
无流液阻止层的产品    30    96.6
有流液阻止层的产品    30    41.3
从上面的表上能看到，本发明的流液阻止层，可以大大制止穿透故障。
实例2
为了说明使用此处所述具有预定特性的流液阻止层的重要意义，可 实行下列方法。在一个芯层里可具有向身体面吸收层和向服装面吸收层，并使用上例所叙述的材料，中间含有各种材料的流液阻止层。全部组分切成4英寸见方的试样：各块试样的不同只在于所用流液阻止层不同。样品1至6的制备是：在试样1中，所应用的流液阻止层是跟实例1所述的一样，并符合本发明的要求。在试样2中，所用的流液阻止层是两层试样1的流液阻止层，且也符合本发明的要求。在试样3中，所用的阻止层是用3层经防水处理过的卫生纸，每层都是由未经过处理的皱纹卫生纸制成，其单位重量为0.63盎斯/码2/层，并经过含有一种防水材料的水浴处理，该材料是Hercules Chemicals的Aquapel 360 XC。试样3也符合本发明的要求。在试样4中，所用的流液阻止层只是一层熔喷法聚丙烯网料，该网料的表面经过表面活性剂处理而成为亲水性。这种材料是不符合本发明的要求。在试样5中，流液阻止层共有24层跟试样4相同的材料，同样，也不符合本发明的要求。最后，试样6全部省去了用作流液阻止层的任何材料。
试验的进行，是把向身体面吸收层的外表面沉积5厘米3的人工仿造的月经流液，在它的表面上压以5磅重量达1分钟。然后将这些层分离开，再用目测来判断流液的分布。其结果如下：
表（2）
试样    流液阻止层    疏水性    升柱穿透值    透气率    结果
（英寸H2O） 英尺3/
英尺2/分钟
1.    一层聚丙烯网料    疏水的    14    101    流液仅在向身
体面吸收层
2.    二层聚丙烯网料    疏水的    27    -    流液仅在向身
体面吸收层
3.    三层防水卫生纸    疏水的    14.6    63    流液仅在向身
体面吸收层
4.    一层聚丙烯网料    亲水的    0    239    在两个吸收层
和润湿剂    面流液量基本
相同
5.    二十四层聚丙烯    亲水的    0    7.5    在两个吸收层
网料和润湿剂    面流液量基本
相同
6.    无流液阻止层    -    -    -    在两个吸收层
面流液量基本
相同
显而易见，凡是符合本发明要求的（试样1-3）流液阻止层，在向身体吸收层中都能保留流液，且能阻止流液进入向服装面吸收层。另一方面，凡是不符合本发明要求的（试样4-6），液体便基本等量地分布在两个吸收层面里。

Claims (11)

1、一种用于吸收体液的产品，包括一个向身体面吸收层，一个向服装面吸收层和夹于其中间的一个流液阻止层，该流液阻止层能阻止流液从上述向身体面吸收层流至上述向服装吸收层，其特征在于上述流液阻止层包括一层或多层疏水性纤维网料，该层的升柱穿透数值为至少10英寸水，其空气渗透率至少为20英尺3/英尺2/分钟。
2、按权利要求1的产品，其中所述的阻止层的升柱穿透值至少为12英寸水。
3、按权利要求1的产品，其中所述的阻止层的透气率至少为40英尺3/英尺2/分钟。
4、按权利要求1的产品，其中所述的阻止层具有大于50°的接触角。
5、按权利要求1的产品，其中所述的阻止层包括一种合成聚合物的熔化粘合的纤维网料。
6、按权利要求5的产品，其中所述的阻止层包含聚丙烯纤维。
7、按权利要求1的产品，其中所述的阻止层包含经过处理已变成疏水性的亲水性纤维。
8、按权利要求7的产品，其中所述的阻止层包含经过处理变成疏水性的纤维素纤维。
9、按权利要求8的产品，其中所述的阻止层包含经过防水剂处理过的卫生纸。
10、一种使用于内裤交叉部位的内裤衬垫，其中包括：
一个中央芯层，包括一个向身体面和一个向服装面;
上述中央芯层有一个向身体面吸收层、一个向服装面吸收层和夹在它们中间的一个流液阻止层;
其特征在于所述流液阻止层包括一层或多层的疏水性网料，所述阻止层的升柱穿透值至少为10英寸水，其空气渗透率至少为20英尺3/英尺2/分钟;
所述芯层的向服装面有一保护所述服装的阻挡层。
11、按权利要求10的产品，其中所述的阻挡层至少有一层气体能穿透但又能防水的材料层，该层的拒水性至少为3.0厘米水，空气渗透率至少为20英尺3/英尺2/分钟。
CN86105559A 1985-07-29 1986-07-29 带有流液阻止层的内裤衬垫 Expired CN1009989B (zh)

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US760,004 1985-07-29
US06/760,004 US4657538A (en) 1985-07-29 1985-07-29 Panty liner with flow retarding layer

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CN86105559A CN86105559A (zh) 1987-01-28
CN1009989B true CN1009989B (zh) 1990-10-17

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NO863001D0 (no) 1986-07-25
CA1277804C (en) 1990-12-18
IN165004B (zh) 1989-07-29
BR8603555A (pt) 1987-03-04
NO163882B (no) 1990-04-30
US4657538A (en) 1987-04-14
NO163882C (no) 1990-08-08
HK25792A (en) 1992-04-16
ZA865622B (en) 1988-03-30
EP0211376B1 (en) 1991-12-27
PT83082A (pt) 1987-01-26
ATE70714T1 (de) 1992-01-15
DE3683102D1 (de) 1992-02-06
MX163459B (es) 1992-05-18
MY101014A (en) 1991-06-29
IE862006L (en) 1987-01-29
IE59554B1 (en) 1994-03-09
EP0211376A2 (en) 1987-02-25
AU596983B2 (en) 1990-05-24
NZ216842A (en) 1989-08-29
CN86105559A (zh) 1987-01-28
JPS6227950A (ja) 1987-02-05
NO863001L (no) 1987-01-30
EP0211376A3 (en) 1988-07-27
JPH0710271B2 (ja) 1995-02-08
ES2001036A6 (es) 1988-04-16
GR861952B (en) 1986-11-25
SG16292G (en) 1992-04-16
PT83082B (pt) 1994-07-29
PH24351A (en) 1990-06-13
AU6062986A (en) 1987-02-05

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