CN101037892A - 屋面盖板 - Google Patents
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- CN101037892A CN101037892A CNA2006101485749A CN200610148574A CN101037892A CN 101037892 A CN101037892 A CN 101037892A CN A2006101485749 A CNA2006101485749 A CN A2006101485749A CN 200610148574 A CN200610148574 A CN 200610148574A CN 101037892 A CN101037892 A CN 101037892A
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- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
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Abstract
一种屋面盖板,它包括硬板条(2),由此至少位于两个相对边缘(3-4,5-6)上的板条(2)带有与板条(2)形成为整体的联接装置(7),从而多个板条(2)可相互组装,由此联接装置(7)在垂直于屋面盖板(1)的平面的方向(R1)上起互锁作用,同时在垂直于所涉及的边缘(3-4,5-6),并平行于屋面盖板(1)的平面的方向(R2)上起互锁作用,由此上述联接装置(7)包括突舌(8)和凹槽(9),并且位于凹槽(9)底侧上的凸缘(11)长于位于顶侧上的凸缘(10),其特征在于带有突舌(8)的边缘(5)具有韧性。
Description
本发明涉及一种屋面盖板(floor covering),尤其涉及包括硬板条的一类屋面盖板。
在实际应用中,本发明涉及一种形成为叠层板条的屋面盖板(楼层覆盖件),也称为叠层镶板。
众所周知,这种叠层板条由不同的层构成。通常,板条形成为在木质材料上,如在硬纸板或纤维板上,尤其在MDF或HDF上的木板,至少在顶侧铺设有一层或多层包含装饰层的板层。该装饰层可为印刷好的纸层,但在某些实施例中也可为木质材料层,尤其是胶合板。这种板条也可由其它材料制成,如仅由合成材料制成,或者由在木质材料,如硬纸板,MDF或HDF等上的板制成,在其上替代印刷好的纸层或胶合板,也可使用其它材料,如软木或木质的薄板条等。
在现有技术中,当将板条铺设好后,在其边缘用联接装置连接所述板条,该连接可通过普通的突舌和凹槽连接,由此可将其粘接在一起,也可使用无粘结剂的联接以提供板条在水平和竖直方向的相互锁定,如国际申请WO97/47934中所描述的。
本发明的目的在于提供一种硬板条的屋面盖板,尤其是层叠板条,下面根据阐述其优点的不同方面提供新的实施例。
根据第一方面,本发明提供一种包含硬板条的屋面(或地面)盖板,至少在所述板条的两个相对边缘带有与板条形成为一个整体的联接装置,从而多个板条可相互装配,由此该联接装置在垂直于屋面盖板的方向和垂直于所涉及的边缘且平行于屋面盖板平面的方向起互锁作用,由此这些联接装置包括突舌和凹槽,位于凹槽底侧的凸缘,以下称下凸缘,长于顶侧的凸缘,以下称上凸缘,其特征在于带有突舌的边缘是有韧性的。
由于带有突舌的边缘具有韧性,则在组装板条过程中增加的变形可由该边缘吸收,结果由于下凸缘的弯折,不会造成材料的开裂。
通过使下凸缘足够厚,它最好为刚性,从而可整体排除在此凸缘处的任何弯折。
根据第一可能性,通过使至少是突舌具有韧性而获得上述的韧性。根据第二个可能性,最好与第一可能性结合,对于获得的所需韧性来说,突舌位于通过局部收缩形状中的具有韧性的点连接到当前板条上的部分上。
根据第一方面实施例的特殊优点,在下面的详细描述中做进一步的阐述。
联接装置最好使板条通过使它们彼此横向地相向推动而组装起来。
根据第二方面,本发明提供一种包括硬板条的屋面盖板,这些板条在至少两个相对的纵向边缘上具有联接装置,由此多个板条可相互彼此联接,从而联接装置在垂直于屋面盖板平面的方向上,和在垂直于所涉及的边缘并平行于屋面盖板平面的方向上起互锁作用,由此联接装置包括突舌和凹槽,并且位于凹槽底侧的凸缘(下面称下凸缘)长于位于顶侧的凸缘(下面称上凸缘),其特征在于联接装置至少包括形成为彼此连接处的接触面的第一联接部分,该部分分别位于突舌的顶侧和上凸缘的底侧;该联接装置还包括形成为接触面的第二联接部分,该部分分别位于下凸缘的顶侧和其它板条的相对的部分上;该联接装置还包括用于水平互锁的第三联接部分,该部分位于下凸缘处,突出于上凸缘的自由端,由此第三联接部分位于第一和第二部分之间。
结果,当踩在屋面盖板上时产生的竖向力分到两个地方,以使力得到较好的分配。
第三联接部分最好包括靠近下凸缘自由端处,并位于该凸缘上的朝内的接触面,和与其它板条上的面接触的接触面。
第二联接部分最好包括形成于下凸缘自由端顶侧的接触面,和与其它板条底侧上的面接触的接触面。
另外,自由间隔最好位于突舌之下,该突舌延伸直到突舌上的凸缘抵到第三联接部分为止。结果,可更容易地将突舌推到凹槽中,而不用计算精确的允许误差。
根据第三方面,本方面提供一种包括硬板条的屋面盖板,这些板条在至少两个相对的纵向边缘上具有联接装置,由此多个板条可相互彼此联接,从而联接装置在垂直于屋面盖板平面的方向上,和在垂直于所涉及的边缘并平行于屋面盖板平面的方向上起互锁作用,由此联接装置包括突舌和凹槽,并且位于凹槽底侧的凸缘(下面称下凸缘)长于位于顶侧的凸缘(下面称上凸缘),其特征在于联接装置至少包括形成彼此连接处接触面的第一联接部分,该部分分别位于突舌的顶侧和上凸缘的底侧;该联接装置还包括形成为接触面的第二联接部分,该部分分别位于下凸缘的顶侧和其它板条的相对的部分上;该联接装置还包括用于水平互锁的第三联接部分,该部分位于下凸缘处,突出于上凸缘的自由端,由此第二联接部分位于第一和第三部分之间,并且该第二联接部分包括作为彼此连接处的接触面,并在中间区域,或者尤其是在突舌的凸缘和第三联接部分之间的中间区域确定该处的接触点。
通过利用该处的接触点,在该接触点与突舌的凸缘之间保持有间隔,并在突舌的底侧,当连接板条时保证使突舌可自由运动。
根据第四方面,本发明提供一种包括硬板条的屋面盖板,这些板条在至少两个相对的纵向边缘上具有与板条形成为一个整体的联接装置,由此多个板条可相互彼此联接,从而联接装置在垂直于屋面盖板平面的方向上,和在垂直于所涉及的边缘并平行于屋面盖板平面的方向上起互锁作用,由此联接装置包括突舌和凹槽,并且位于凹槽顶侧的凸缘(下面称上凸缘)长于位于底侧的凸缘(下面称下凸缘),其特征在于上述联接装置包含用于在水平方向进行互锁的联接部分,该联接部分至少包括形成彼此连接处的接触面,该接触面分别位于突舌的顶侧,下凸缘的末端外侧,和其它板条边缘相对的部分上。
当在上凸缘进行互锁时,当在铺设板条时所进行的检测易于在下凸缘上进行互锁时的检测。
根据第五方面,本发明提供一种包括硬板条的屋面盖板,这些板条在至少两个相对的纵向边缘上具有与板条形成为一个整体的联接装置,由此多个板条可相互彼此联接,从而联接装置在垂直于屋面盖板平面的方向上,和在垂直于所涉及的边缘并平行于屋面盖板平面的方向上起互锁作用,由此联接装置包括突舌和凹槽,并且位于凹槽顶侧的凸缘(下面称上凸缘)长于位于底侧的凸缘(下面称下凸缘),其特征在于上述联接装置包含用于在水平方向进行互锁的联接部分,由此该联接部分可通过将其底侧向下旋转并彼此相向移动而相互解除连接。
由于采用联接装置,可通过向下旋转板条而解除板条的连接,最好通过所述旋转运动而专门解除连接,联接装置可使板条紧密装配在涉及的联接装置上,并当踩在板条上时可使板条彼此相向地推近。
此处的板条最好为矩形,并在其两对边缘处带有联接装置,该联接装置通过导致解锁的向上旋转使板条解除连接,由此,如上所述,在其它对边缘上带有联接装置,该联接装置通过旋转装配好的板条,使板条的底侧彼此相向移动,而仅能够解除连接。而且相对的旋转运动可增加维持联接的保证系数。
应注意,在使用细长板条的情况下,联接装置可通过向上旋转板条而接触连接,该联接装置最好位于纵向侧边,由此通过向下旋转板条解除连接的联接装置最好位于最短的侧边。
根据第六方面,本发明提供一种包括硬板条的屋面盖板,这些板条在至少两个相对的纵向边缘上具有与板条形成为一个整体的联接装置,由此多个板条可相互彼此联接,从而联接装置在垂直于屋面盖板平面的方向上,和在垂直于所涉及的边缘并平行于屋面盖板平面的方向上起互锁作用,由此联接装置包括突舌和凹槽,并且在水平方向上的互锁至少以联接部分的方式形成为位于上述突舌顶侧局部突起的形状,该突起与靠近凹槽顶侧的凸缘中的凹槽相配合。
该实施例的优点在于,由于突起是局部的,所述凹槽也可具有相对小的尺寸,并且上凸缘仅在局部区域减弱。
根据第六方面,在下凸缘上水平方向最好没有互锁。
根据第七方面,本发明提供一种包括硬板条的屋面盖板,这些板条在至少两个相对的纵向边缘上具有与板条形成为一个整体的联接装置,由此多个板条可相互彼此联接,从而联接装置在垂直于屋面盖板平面的方向上,和在垂直于所涉及的边缘并平行于屋面盖板平面的方向上起互锁作用,由此:
-上述联接装置包括突舌和凹槽,由此凹槽分别靠近底侧和顶侧上的凸缘,下面分别称下凸缘和上凸缘,由此上凸缘的末端确定竖直的平面,下面称平面V1;
-下凸缘突出于上凸缘;
-在下凸缘部分上带有互锁部分,该互锁部分延伸过上凸缘的自由端,当组装时,与其它板条上的接触面处连接有接触面,组装时该接触面形成为接触区域,其中心确定竖直平面,下面称平面V2;
-在上述互锁部分之前,在凹槽的方向中,形成有位于下凸缘的间隔,该间隔的顶侧张开;
-在装配好的情况下,在突舌顶侧与上凸缘底侧接触的横截面中存在接触区域,由此基本都向内的接触区域的点确定第一竖直平面,下面称平面V3,接触区域基本都向外的点确定第二平面,下面称平面V4,两个平面V3和V4确定恰好位于上述平面之间的竖直平面,下面称平面V5;
-互锁部分的顶侧确定水平面,下面称平面N1;
-在联接部分的底侧带有突舌,并且该部分的底侧从突舌的顶端向互锁区域延伸,确定水平面,下面称片面N2;
-平面N1和N2确定恰好位于上述平面之间的竖直平面,下面称平面N3;
-突舌顶侧和上凸缘底侧之间的接触区域的平均高度确定水平面,下面称平面N4;
-平面V1和V2之间的间距至少为平面N3和N4之间间距的一半;
其特征在于屋面盖板还包括至少下列特征的组合特征:
-主要具有上述凸缘的板条由MDF或HDF型的纤维板制成;
-联接装置可使板条通过彼此相向地推动而组装;
上述在上凸缘之下延伸的间隔与下列两个特征中至少一个相一致:
a)位于平面N3之下的间隔部分向内延伸至少经过平面V1;
b)位于平面N1之下的间隔部分向内延伸至少经过平面V5。
当符合上述所有标准时,可根据本发明得到实施例,由此一方面上述间隔参照其它参数相对较大,另一方面,由于MDF或HDF材料的特殊应用,结构仍然保持足够的稳定性。在下凸缘中形成的相对较大的间隔的优点在于可在凹槽中容易地形成突舌,并且该突舌可相对较大。
根据最佳实施例,屋面盖板的特征在于板条为矩形,并且在两对边缘上形成有联接装置,该联接装置在水平和竖直方向上起互锁作用,由此这些联接装置可如上所述形成在至少一对边缘处,由此在至少两个彼此成直角的边缘上,带有分别靠近上凸缘和下凸缘的凹槽,由此下凸缘总突出于上凸缘,从而两个较长的凸缘至少在板条的一个角度上相交,上述间隔在上述角度的板条端部终止,即间隔延伸穿过成直角的凸缘远端。当上述间隔持续时,可涉及的角度范围内也可保证其韧性,同时通过该连续的凹槽,纵向的下凸缘和横向的上下凸缘的互锁部分可解除连接。
根据第八方面,本发明提供一种包括硬板条的屋面盖板,这些板条在至少两个相对的纵向边缘上具有与板条形成为一个整体的联接装置,由此多个板条可相互彼此联接,从而联接装置在垂直于屋面盖板平面的方向上,和在垂直于所涉及的边缘并平行于屋面盖板平面的方向上起互锁作用,由此:
-上述联接装置包括突舌和凹槽,由此凹槽分别靠近底侧和顶侧上的凸缘,下面分别称下凸缘和上凸缘;
-下凸缘突出于上凸缘;
-在下凸缘部分上带有互锁部分,该互锁部分延伸过上凸缘的自由端,当组装时,与其它板条上的接触面处连接有接触面;
-在上述互锁部分之前,在凹槽的方向中,形成有位于下凸缘的间隔,该间隔的顶侧张开;
其特征在于联接装置使板条通过彼此相向地推动而组装,并且在联接部分的底侧带有突舌,并且该部分的底侧从突舌的顶端向互锁区域延伸,并带有孔,该孔与突舌位于凹槽前方位置中的互锁部分配合。当突舌安装到位时,如果当互锁部分位于孔中时由于某种原因突舌下降,则突舌较好的位置是在其它板条的凹槽前侧。
到目前为止已知的包括硬板条并保证互锁的屋面盖板不能在屋面盖板已整体铺设好之后,将板条临时从屋面盖板的中部拆卸下来。其缺陷在于很难替代损坏的板条,同时也不可能现场拆卸屋面盖板,例如在粗糙的屋面上或中间进行作业,或在屋面盖板下铺设或拆卸电缆等。对于已知的系统,板条总是作为屋面盖板的边缘需对称拆卸。
另外,根据第九方面,本发明的目的在于提供一种由硬板条构成的屋面盖板,可拆卸任何位于屋面盖板上任何地方的板条,并还可将其重新安装,而无需使屋面盖板从其整体的边缘进行对称拆除。
根据第九方面,本发明最后提供一种包括硬板条的屋面盖板,这些板条在至少两个相对的纵向边缘上具有与板条形成为一个整体的联接装置,由此多个板条可相互彼此联接,从而联接装置在垂直于屋面盖板平面的方向上,和在垂直于所涉及的边缘并平行于屋面盖板平面的方向上起互锁作用,由此上述联接装置由两个组装的板条构成,从扁平位置开始,一方面可将板条的底侧彼此旋转超过至少一个角度,另一方面,旋转运动使上述两个板条从其相邻的位置开始移动。
根据第一个最佳实施例,当板条位于屋面盖板中时,联接装置使两个板条从其装配边缘处翘起,从而至少相对边缘中的一个上可解除连接,该相对的边缘用于使相邻的板条连接在一起。
根据第二个实施例,当板条位于屋面盖板中时,联接装置使两个板条从其装配边缘处翘起,从而可在所涉及的边缘上终止配合,尤其是竖向的配合,并开始解除连接。
根据特殊应用的实施例,屋面盖板的特征在于联接装置主要由突舌和凹槽构成,由此位于凹槽底侧的凸缘长于位于顶侧的凸缘,由于凹槽底侧凸缘上的互锁部分,和与其它板条底侧相邻处的互锁部分,完成主要为水平方向上的互锁,由此联接装置通过旋转运动使板条组装起来,并且在装配的位置中,在第一互锁部分之上,在允许进一步旋转运动的第二互锁部分之下存在有间隔。
上面描述的九个方面可独立存在或可相互组合,在任一可能的组合中,根据上面九个方面描述的实施例不存在任何对立的特征。
自然,本发明还涉及可构成上述屋面盖板的板条。
为了更好地阐述本发明的特征,下面参照附属的最佳实施例仅作为例证被描述,而不以任何方式起限制作用,其中:
图1图示地表示硬板条;
图2图示地表示一部分由硬板条构成的屋面盖板;
图3表示从对应于图2中横截面III-III的例证的横截面,应用于根据本发明的屋面盖板的联接装置的一个实施例;
图4表示根据图2中剖线IV-IV的横截面;
图5表示图4的变化实施例;
图6-8表示与图3中位置不同的联接装置;
图9表示与图3的联接装置不同的变化实施例;
图10表示另一个变化实施例;
图11-13表示与图10的实施例位置不同的变化实施例;
图14表示另一个变化实施例;
图15表示又一个变化实施例;
图16和17表示与图15不同位于两个其它位置的联接装置;
图18表示根据本发明板条的矩形部分;
图19表示根据本发明另一个实施例的横截面;
图20表示根据本发明屋面盖板的另一个实施例的横截面;
图21表示图20中由F21表示的放大部分;
图22表示如何分别将图20中的屋面盖板的板条拆卸和安装;
图23表示图22中由F23表示的放大部分;
图24表示类似于图21的另一个变化实施例;
图25表示如何分别使图24中的板条相互拆卸和安装;
图26表示图25中由F26表示的放大部分。
如图1和2所示,本发明涉及一种屋面盖板1,和构成屋面盖板1的硬板条2。
如国际专利申请WO97/47834所述,已知板条2可无需粘结剂通过利用联接装置连接在一起,当板条2为矩形时,联接装置在一对相对边缘3-4上,在垂直于屋面盖板1的平面的方向R1上起互锁作用,同时在垂直于所涉及的边缘3-4或5-6,并平行于屋面盖板1的平面的方向R2上起互锁作用。
此处可采用允许使用不同组装方法的联接装置,但最好通过旋转和将板条推动到一起而进行组装。通过将板条推动到一起可以已知的方式通过将它们的边缘3-4彼此旋转进入而组装板条,如通过图2所示板条2A的旋转运动W1,随后通过平移运动T1将板条的边缘5-6夹持在一起。根据变化实施例,通过从标号2B位置开始,并通过组装经平移运动T2的板条2,可使所涉及的板条2的边缘3-4连接在一起。
另外,当板条2A处于旋转位置时,通过平移运动T3和板条2A和2C之间的相互旋转,下一个板条2C组装在所涉及的边缘5和6上,随后,将两个板条2A和2C向下旋转以锁定到先前一排板条上。
如简介中所述,本发明的目的在于提供联接装置可不同的新实施例以相互连接板条2。
图3表示根据本发明上述第一方面的实施例。
在该实施例中,屋面盖板1也由带联接装置7的硬板条2构成,该联接装置位于至少两个相对的边缘上,与板条2形成为一个整体,从而多个板条2可相互彼此连接。这些联接装置7在方向R1和R2上起互锁作用。
另外,联接装置7还具有位于边缘5上的突舌8和位于边缘6上的凹槽9,在凹槽9中安置有突舌8。此处凹槽9通过凸缘10靠近顶侧,下面称上凸缘。在底侧靠近凸缘11,下面称下凸缘,该下凸缘长于上凸缘10,即下凸缘在水平方向上延伸突出于凸缘10的末端12。
下凸缘11形成为带有向内接触面14的互锁部分13,可在方向R2中进行互锁,该接触面与组装时形成为边缘5上的相对接触面15一致。
根据本发明,带有突舌8的边缘5具有韧性,由此凸缘11最好为刚性,通过使凸缘11相对较厚可增加其刚性,从图3中可清楚地看到。
可在多处弯折边缘5。例如突舌8具有韧性,但更重要的是突舌8最好位于部分16上,如图所示,该部分16以现场建造的形状经易弯折的区域17连接到当前的板条2上。
具有韧性的区域17最好位于图3所示的位置上,即可以看作是突舌8超出接触面15的部分,该具有韧性的区域17在方向R1上具有厚度D1,该厚度小于板条2厚度的一半,并且/或者小于带有突舌8的部分16的厚度D2的2/3。
如果板条2由纤维板,MDF或HDF板制成,则厚度D1最好小于3mm,小于2mm更好。
具有韧性的区域17抵住所涉及的板条2的顶侧18,当采用如MDF或HDF板的在外表面具有高密度的材料时这一点尤其重要,此处的厚度可得到最大化的降低以获得最佳的柔韧性。
除了简介中所描述的优点,本发明根据第一方面还具有下列有利的特征:
-当接触面14位于相对较高的位置时,可在多个位置上设置所述接触面14,不需太多地远离图3表示的切线方向P1和P2。由此可达到坚固的互锁。
-当连接的柔韧性能存在于板条的顶侧时,在有拉力施加在板条上时可在将其牵引得更紧密的同时进行互锁。
-在图3的设计中会在板条2的顶侧,恰好位于突舌后面形成压力集中,从而导致弯折。结果集中的压力被传递到板的最强部位上。在连接过程中,在凹槽9的最深点产生力实际上是不可能的,从而基本排除在最深点处产生开裂。
根据本发明的上述第二方面,在结合第一方面如图3所示的实施例中,联接装置7由至少形成为彼此接触处的,分别位于突舌8的顶侧和上凸缘10的底侧的接触面19-20的第一联接部分;形成为分别位于下凸缘11的顶侧和其它板条2的相对部分16上的接触面21-22的第二联接部分;在下凸缘11上进行水平互锁,并突出于上凸缘10的末端12的第三联接部分,该第三联接部分形成为上述接触面14和15。特别是第三联接部分位于第一和第二联接部分之间。
第二联接部分最好紧靠第三联接部分。接触面21形成为上述互锁部分13的顶侧,由此接触面22正好与其相对。
根据图3的实施例,在突舌8下面具有自由间隔23,该间隔作为突舌8的端部24延伸,直到第三联接部分,即接触面14。
联接装置7主要设计在一对边缘5-6上,从而联接装置25最好位于其它边缘3-4上,如图4或5所示,在国际专利申请WO97/47834有所公开,并且使涉及的板条2至少通过旋转运动分别沿其顶部边缘进行组装和拆卸。在这种情况下,所示的板条2为细长条,联接装置7最好位于短边缘5-6上。
但先前所述的并不能防止联接装置7位于两对边缘3-4和5-6上,或位于细长边缘3-4上,由此在短边缘上带有其它联接。
不排除在板条2的仅一对边缘上带有联接装置,此处为联接装置7。
另外,联接装置7最好可使板条2的边缘,此处为边缘5和6通过推动板条2彼此自由相向地移动而连接到其它板条上,如图6-8所示的步骤,该步骤还会进一步详细描述。另外,联接装置7也可使涉及的边缘,此处为边缘5和6通过旋转运动分别彼此连接并拆卸,如图3中点划线所示。
作为例证但不是必需的步骤,可按下述步骤进行屋面盖板1的铺设,该屋面盖板带有包含联接装置7的板条2。在图2所示的情况中,首先通过将板条2A摆放成一定角度并将上述边缘3-4彼此旋进,而将板条2A的边缘3与边缘4连接在一起,从而形成图4中实施例的连接,或者图5中实施例的连接。
随后,通过平移运动T1将板条2A与先前的板条连接在一起,由此图6-8所示的状态为联接装置7的连续例证。图中清楚地显示了突舌8中的弯折部分和具有韧性区域17的较大范围,由此带有接触面15的部分16最终在接触面14之后迅速向下关合。
图9表示根据上述本发明第三方面的实施例。此处采用的联接装置26表示类似于联接装置7的由接触面19和20形成的第一联接部分,而第三联接部分由接触面14和15形成。特别是上述第二联接部分位于第一和第三联接部分之间,第二联接部分由彼此连接处的接触面27-28形成,并且确定了当前的接触区域29,该接触区域位于之间部位或尤其位于突舌8顶端24和第三联接部分之间的中间部位,即接触面14。
如图9所示,在接触区域29上的下凸缘11中具有突出部分30。
图10-13表示带有联接装置31的不同位置上的实施例,该联接装置与本发明上述第四方面结合。此处的上凸缘10长于下凸缘11,并且在水平方向起互锁作用的联接装置25由形成为彼此连接处的接触面32-33的联接部分构成,该联接装置25分别位于上凸缘10的底侧,下凸缘11的末端外侧,并且位于其它板条2边缘的相对部分上。
此处的联接装置31通过使带有涉及的边缘5-6的板条2彼此相向地推动,例如在基础面之上进行连接,由此如图10-12所示彼此对称地安装。
如图所示,突舌8的一端34较薄。在下凸缘11的自由端和其它板条2的突舌8之下的相对部分37之间存在自由间隔35。
图10-13的实施例还表示出本发明的第五实施例,即边缘,此处为边缘5-6带有联接装置31,该联接装置可通过向下旋转其底侧38并彼此相向移动而使连接的板条2相互解除连接,特别是如图13所示。上述间隔35由此是非常有用的特征。
图10-13的实施例还对应于本发明的第六方面,其特征在于水平方向的互锁以上述突舌8顶侧40中的当前突起39的形状形成为联接部分,该联接部分与上凸缘10中的凹槽41配合。
图14表示也应用了本发明上述第六方面的特征的变化实施例。
根据没有表示的变化实施例,该实施例的其它特征(不需结合所有特征)在于突舌8顶侧40与当前突出部分39的延展部分重要平行于屋面盖板1的表面,并且突舌8的底侧42主要由光滑的弯折表面形成,该弯折表面终止于突舌8的顶侧40。该实施例还通过主要的水平运动组织板条2。
图15表示根据本发明上述第七方面进行与联接装置43的连接。所涉及的连接为:
-包括突舌8和凹槽9的联接装置43,由此凹槽9分别靠近凸缘(下面分别称下凸缘11和上凸缘10)的底侧和顶侧,由此上凸缘10的末端12确定竖直平面,下面称平面V1;
-下凸缘11长于上凸缘10;
-在延伸超过上凸缘10的自由端12的下凸缘11的部分上具有互锁部分13,该互锁部分带有接触面14,当组装好后,该接触面与其它板条2上的接触面15接触,由此当组装好后这些接触面14-15形成接触区域,其中心M1确定竖直平面,下面称平面V2;
-在上述互锁部分13之前,在凹槽9的方向中,形成有位于下凸缘11的开口间隔44,该间隔的顶侧张开;
-在联接状态中,在横截面中存在接触区域,其中突舌8的顶侧与上凸缘10的底侧接触,由此接触区域中大多向内的点C3确定第一竖直平面,下面称平面V3,接触区域中大多向外的点C4确定第二竖直平面,下面称平面V4,两个平面V3和V4确定恰好位于该两平面之间的竖直平面,下面称平面V5;
-互锁部分13的顶侧确定水平平面,下面称平面N1;
-带有突舌8的部分16的底侧确定水平面,下面称平面N2,该部分16从突舌8的末端24开始延伸到互锁区域。
-平面N1和N2确定恰好位于它们之间的水平面,下面称平面N3;
-在突舌8顶侧和上凸缘10的底侧之间的接触区域的平均高度确定水平面,下面称平面N4;
-平面V1和V2之间的间距至少为平面N3和N4之间的间距的一半。
屋面盖板1的特别之处在于它至少具有下列特征的组合特征:
-主要具有上述凸缘10-11的板条2由MDF或HDF型的纤维板制成;
-联接装置43可使板条2通过彼此相向地推动而组装;
-上述在上凸缘10之下延伸的间隔44与下列两个特征中至少一个相一致:
a)位于平面N3之下的间隔部分44向内延伸至少经过平面V1;
b)位于平面N1之下的间隔部分44向内延伸至少经过平面V5。
由于这种特殊的结合,可获得作为孔的间隔44,该孔是相对于在方向R2上延伸相对较大距离的其它尺寸来说的,结果可获得简介中所述的优点。不考虑相对较大的孔,也不考虑下凸缘11相对较薄,由于采用MDF或HDF作为成层的纤维结构的基础材料,所以其刚性仍然足够强。
平面N1和N2之间的距离最好小于平面N2和N4之间距离的1/3。这样在将板条推到一起时,由互锁部分13形成的阻碍可限制到最小,结果可使板条2彼此平稳地滑入。
另外,从横截面看,平面V4和突舌8的底侧之间的交线P4位于平面N1之下,最好还在平面N3之下。突舌8由此可获得相对较大的厚度,以提高刚性。另外,更清楚地表明平面V5和突舌8底侧之间的截面P5位于平面N1之下,最好还位于平面N3之下。
尤其是,平面V3和突舌8底侧之间的截面P3位于平面N1之下,最好还位于平面N3之下。
根据本发明最佳的特征,上述位于平面N3之下的间隔44部分至少向内延伸,直到由突舌8的顶端24确定的竖直平面V6为止。
在此情况下板条2为矩形,并且联接装置位于两对边缘3-4和5-6上,该边缘在竖直和水平方向上提供互锁,由此两个边缘4和6分别具有下凸缘11,11A,其长度大于上凸缘11,上述间隔44最好至少为连续的直到板条2的端部为止,如图18所示成45°角,即该间隔沿正方形凸缘10A的远端,尤其是其上的互锁部分13A延伸。当一方面间隔44相对较大,另一方面间隔延伸穿过互锁部分13A时,互锁部分13和13A彼此解除连接,可获得特殊的柔韧角度以易于板条的组装。
图19表示上述本发明的第八方面,由此在突舌8的底侧具有孔46,从而如图19所示在两个板条2的相互位置上,突舌8最好位于凹槽的前部。
应注意在上述所有实施例中,用于水平互锁的接触面最好相对于屋面盖板1的板条倾斜。但也不排除根据变化实施例,一个或两个接触面也可垂直于屋面盖板的板条。接触面也可为弯折形状,由此接触区域中部的切线确定上述倾斜度。
在此情况下,接触面和它们的切线是倾斜的,它们最好沿正切或基本正切于圆的方向延伸,该圆的中心位于旋转点上,绕该点板条2可旋转拆卸。如图3所示,也就是说接触面的倾斜度或方向B1仅从圆C上切线B2的倾斜度稍偏离一点儿。
为了达到迅速关合的效果,与接触面有关的方向B1不偏离上述切线B2的方向并指向内,这样当将板条彼此旋进时可产生迅速关合的效果,由此上述方向B1基本从上述正切的方向B2偏离30°。
前面所述都可应用在上述所有旋转实施例中,也可应用在实施例中,由此可通过向下旋转板条而使板条2旋转地脱离。
根据一个或多个本发明第一到第八方面而获得的联接装置都适用于边缘3-4和/或5-6上,由此必须通过平移它们而组装板条2。
在此情况下,板条2为矩形,或为正方形或细长条形,它们最好在所有竖直和水平方向起互锁作用的边缘3-4和5-6上带有联接部分,由此如上述一个或多个第一到第八方面中所述的联接装置位于至少两个相对的边缘3-4或5-6上。
在此情况下,板条2为矩形,新的联接装置最好至少位于短边缘5-6上。另外,联接装置最好位于长边缘3-4上,该边缘可通过旋转运动分别组装和拆卸,上述联接装置为现有技术,或也可根据上述八个方面的任何一个获得。
图20-23示出了根据本发明第九方面的实施例。根据第九方面,提供一种由硬板条2构成的屋面盖板1,由此板条2位于至少两个相对的边缘上,在此情况下板条2最好位于纵向边缘3-4上,盖边缘带有与板条2形成为整体的联接装置7,从而多个板条2可相互彼此连接,由此联接装置7在垂直于屋面盖板1的平面的方向R1上起互锁作用,同时在垂直于所涉及的边缘3-4,并平行于屋面盖板1的平面的方向R2上起互锁作用,由此上述联接装置7可使两个连接的板条2的底侧从扁平位置开始,彼此向下旋转,朝一个方向超过至少某一角度,由此这种旋转运动使两个上述板条2从另一方向其它相邻板条2D和2E之间拆卸下来。
另外,根据图20-23所示的实施例,如图22所示的联接装置7使两个板条2的组装的边缘3-4从平面位置处翘起,这样在与相邻板条2D和2E连接的相对边缘中的至少一个可解除连接。由此可通过首先按上述翘起,随后向上旋转图22中左侧的板条2(如点划线表示)而从现存的屋面盖板1上拆卸板条2,从而可拆卸图22中左侧的板条2。随后也可拆卸右侧的板条2。可以任何方式翘起最初的板条2,例如用吸盘或用粘贴钩子或在屋面盖板上开口,例如钻孔。
图20-26表示变化实施例,其中联接装置7使两个板条2的组装边缘3-4从扁平位置上翘起,从而解除所涉及的边缘3-4上的连接,尤其是竖向连接。在此情况下,为了解除两个板条2的连接,不必先解除板条2D和/或2E的连接。
在图20-23所示的实施例和在图24-26之一所示的实施例中,联接装置7主要由突舌8和凹槽9构成,由此位于凹槽9底侧的凸缘11长于位于顶侧的凸缘10,主要通过凸缘11上的互锁部分13和与其相邻的其它板条2底侧上的互锁部分47,在水平方向上进行互锁,由此这些联接装置7通过旋转运动组装板条2,从而在组装位置中,在首先描述的互锁部分13上,同时在其次描述的可进一步旋转的互锁部分47之下具有间隔48-49。
另外,上述互锁部分13-47的定位在上述进一步旋转过程中产生横向的作用S,如图21所示,从而可获得某种自由度的运动,以从固定的板条2D和2E之间拆卸板条2。
在图24-26所示的实施例中,可选择横向作用S和突舌8和凹槽9的设计,从而在图26所示的状态中,右侧的板条2变松,可从左侧板条2处拆卸下来。
尤其是,突舌8和位于相同边缘上的互锁部分47之间的距离Z1小于或等于靠近凹槽9顶侧的凸缘10顶端和靠近凹槽9底侧凸缘11上的互锁部分13之间的距离Z2。
应注意,由于所述突舌8如图20-23所示比较圆或不太圆,或者由于如图24-26所示突舌8相对较短,在图20-26所示的实施例中,突舌8最好可在凹槽9中进行旋转运动。
如图所示,联接装置最好位于短边缘和在竖直方向和水平方向纵向可互锁的纵向边缘上,由此它们都可通过图20-26所述组装和拆卸。也可仅在纵向边缘上应用这些图中所示的联接装置,而在短侧应用其它形状的联接装置,如图4所示的实施例。
本发明不限于上述在附图中表示的实施例,相反在不脱离本发明范围的情况下可应用不同形状和大小的屋面盖板。
Claims (28)
1.一种屋面盖板,它包括硬板条,所述板条具有在其至少两个相对边缘上的与所述板条一体形成的联接装置,从而多个这样的板条可通过所述联接装置相互拼装,所述联接装置在垂直于拼装板条的平面延伸的方向上以及在垂直于拼装边缘的和平行于拼装板条的平面的方向上的互锁区互锁,其特征在于:
所述联接装置包括突舌和凹槽,所述凹槽具有顶侧和底侧;一个上凸缘具有自由的远端,所述远端从所述凹槽的所述顶侧延伸;和一个从所述凹槽的底侧延伸的下凸缘,所述突舌包括远端;
所述下凸缘向远处长于所述上凸缘;
所述下凸缘包括互锁部分,所述互锁部分位于所述下凸缘向远处延伸超过所述上凸缘的所述自由端的部分上,所述互锁部分包括第一面向内的接触表面,当拼装时,所述接触表面与第二接触表面配合,所述第二接触表面设置在拼装在一起的另一块板的突舌上;
所述联接装置构造成使得同样的板条可以通过在基本上同一个平面中相互推靠而拼装,且其中,在位于所述突舌的所述远端和所述突舌的所述第二接触表面之间的部分中的所述突舌的所述底侧中,设置了一个凹口,当所述突舌正好位于所述凹槽的入口的前方时,所述凹口与所述互锁部分的上端配合,使得所述突舌远端易于插入所述凹槽中,而没有妨碍运动的障碍,所述凹口由不构成联接装置的所述突舌的所述底侧的一部分形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述突舌包括弹性韧性的板条边缘。
3.根据权利要求2所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述下凸缘是刚性的。
4.根据权利要求2所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述突舌通过所述弹性韧性的板条边缘的一部分连接至所述板条。
5.根据权利要求4所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述板条材料具有在垂直于所述板条的所述平面的方向上的厚度,且弹性韧性的板条边缘的所述部分包括所述板条的减少的厚度。
6.根据权利要求5所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,弹性韧性的板条边缘的所述部分的厚度小于所述板条的厚度的一半。
7.根据权利要求5所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述突舌具有在垂直于所述板条的所述平面的方向上的厚度,且弹性韧性的板条边缘的所述部分具有小于所述突舌的所述厚度的2/3的厚度。
8.根据权利要求5,6或7所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述板条由选自MDF和HDF组成的组的纤维板制成,且弹性韧性的板条边缘的所述部分具有的厚度优选小于3mm,最优选小于2mm。
9.根据权利要求5所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述板条具有顶侧,而弹性韧性的板条边缘的所述部分沿所述顶侧定位。
10.根据权利要求1所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述突舌和所述凹槽构造成使得当两块相同的板条自由地相互推靠,其中一块板条的突舌面向另一块板条的凹槽时,一块板条的所述突舌将自定位在另一块板条的所述凹槽中。
11.根据权利要求10所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,每一个包括所述突舌的边缘都是弹性韧性的,且所述板条是矩形的,且其中所述两个相对的边缘包括至少所述板条的较短的边缘。
12.根据权利要求1所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述联接装置构造成使得所述联接装置通过一块板条相对于另一块相同的板条围绕被拼装的边缘的旋转的运动相互可旋入或旋出。
13.根据权利要求1所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述接触表面在与一个圆相切或基本相切的方向上延伸,所述圆以所述相同的拼装板条相对于彼此可绕其旋转以转开从而使拼装的板条相互分开的中心为中心。
14.根据权利要求13所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述接触表面稍微地从与所述圆的相切关系中偏离,且被导向所述板条边缘的内侧,从而当相同的板条的所述联接装置旋转进入彼此时产生咬合作用,所述接触表面的所述方向从所述相切方向延伸最大30°。
15.根据权利要求1所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,当相同的板条被拼装时,这样的板条设置在其中一块板条的所述突舌正好位于另一块板条的所述凹槽的前方的位置,而所述突舌位于所述下凸缘上,所述凹口使得具有所述突舌的所述板条到达一个低位,从而使所述突舌和凹槽在高度方向上相对于彼此定位成使得它们可以进一步推靠在一起。
16.根据权利要求1所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述联接装置使得相同的板条可以通过至少从一个起始位置把它们推靠在一起而被拼装,在所述起始位置上,一块板条的突舌已经位于另一块板条的所述更长的下凸缘上。
17.根据权利要求1所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,在所述下凸缘上的所述互锁部分具有顶侧,所述顶侧限定了水平平面的高度;
其特征在于,所述上凸缘的所述自由远端限定了竖直平面;以及
所述下凸缘的所述顶侧在其位于所述竖直平面和所述互锁部分之间的整个部分上定位在所述水平平面之下。
18.根据权利要求1所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述下凸缘设置有单个互锁部分。
19.根据权利要求1所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述凹口包括至少两个侧部,所述侧部的第一个比所述侧部的第二个更靠近所述突舌的所述远端,其中,所述第一侧部邻接所述突舌的向下朝比所述凹口的最靠内的底部所限定的水平高度更低的水平高度突出的材料部分。
20.一种屋面盖板,它包括硬板条,所述板条具有在其至少两个相对边缘上的与所述板条一体形成的联接装置,从而,多个这样的板条可通过所述联接装置相互拼装,所述联接装置构造成在竖直方向上,即垂直于所述板条的所述平面的方向上,以及在水平方向上,即垂直于拼装边缘和平行于拼装板条的平面的方向上,锁定两块这样的板条,
所述联接装置包括突舌和凹槽,所述突舌包括远端,顶侧和底侧;而所述凹槽具有顶侧和底侧;
所述凹槽与上凸缘和下凸缘相邻接,所述上凸缘和下凸缘的每一个都具有远端;
所述下凸缘向远处延伸超过所述上凸缘;
所述下凸缘包括互锁部分,所述互锁部分在所述水平方向上提供锁定,该互锁部分位于所述下凸缘延伸超过所述上凸缘的所述远端的部分上,且包括第一面向内的接触表面,在与这样的板条的第二个拼装的情况中,所述接触表面与第二接触表面配合,所述第二接触表面设置在所述第二块板条的所述突舌上;
所述第二接触表面设置在所述突舌的底侧上;
其中,所述突舌的所述底侧还设置有凹口,所述凹口位于所述突舌的所述远端和所述突舌的所述第二接触表面之间;
其中,所述突舌的所述顶侧和所述上凸缘的所述下侧没有提供水平互锁的任何锁定部分;
其中,在横截面中看,位于由所述上凸缘的所述远端限定的竖直平面和所述第一接触表面之间的所述下凸缘的所述部分的整个顶侧位于由所述下凸缘的所述互锁部分的所述最上端限定的所述水平高度之下;以及
其中,所述凹口使得两块这样的板条可以置于一个中间位置,所述中间位置位于所述板条的完全分离的情况和完全拼装的情况之间,在该位置中,一块板条的所述突舌至少其远端位于另一块板条的所述下凸缘之上,而所述凹口与所述下凸缘的所述互锁部分的上端配合。
21.根据权利要求20所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述凹口构成非互锁部分。
22.根据权利要求20所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述互锁部分在所述中间位置是部分位于所述凹口中的。
23.根据权利要求20所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述凹口具有限定所述凹口的最深点的底部区,且在两块这样的板条的拼装情况中,所述最深点位于比所述下凸缘的所述互锁部分的所述最上端限定的所述水平高度更低的水平高度上。
24.根据权利要求20所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述突舌的所述下侧中的凹口具有限定所述凹口的最深点的底部区,且在两块这样的板条的拼装情况中,所述最深点位于由所述上凸缘的所述远端所限定的竖直平面和由所述下凸缘的所述远端限定的竖直平面之间。
25.根据权利要求20所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述下凸缘设置有单个互锁部分。
26.根据权利要求20所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述凹口包括至少两个侧部,所述侧部的第一个比所述侧部的第二个更靠近所述突舌的所述远端,其中,所述第一侧部邻接所述突舌的向下朝比所述凹口的最靠内的底部所限定的水平高度更低的水平高度突出的材料部分。
27.根据权利要求26所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述两个侧部邻接材料部分,每一个所述侧部具有轮廓,从而,所述凹口至少被限定成位于连接两个轮廓的共同切线之上的凹口。
28.根据权利要求20所述的屋面盖板,其特征在于,所述屋面盖板由包括MDF和HDF的板形成。
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BE2000/0397A BE1013569A3 (nl) | 2000-06-20 | 2000-06-20 | Vloerbekleding. |
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EP (7) | EP1785547B1 (zh) |
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2000
- 2000-06-20 BE BE2000/0397A patent/BE1013569A3/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
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2001
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- 2001-06-20 JP JP2002504742A patent/JP2004501300A/ja active Pending
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- 2001-06-20 KR KR1020027017326A patent/KR100660957B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2001-06-20 EP EP10011932.0A patent/EP2275615B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2001-06-20 AT AT01957874T patent/ATE543969T1/de active
- 2001-06-20 RU RU2003101325/03A patent/RU2250319C2/ru active
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