CN101044313B - Fuel injection valve - Google Patents
Fuel injection valve Download PDFInfo
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- CN101044313B CN101044313B CN2005800230939A CN200580023093A CN101044313B CN 101044313 B CN101044313 B CN 101044313B CN 2005800230939 A CN2005800230939 A CN 2005800230939A CN 200580023093 A CN200580023093 A CN 200580023093A CN 101044313 B CN101044313 B CN 101044313B
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- fuelinjection nozzle
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/161—Means for adjusting injection-valve lift
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
- F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
- F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
- F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Abstract
A fuel injection valve (100) is provided for introducing a fuel into an engine and controlling fuel flow to reduce variability between injection events. The fuel injection valve (100) employs an arrangement for a valve nozzle (114, 414, 514) that cooperates with a valve needle (110, 310, 410, 510) to provide a range of needle movement within which the fuel mass flow rate is substantially constant. This can be achieved by providing a restriction (d1, d2) with a constant flow area for a predetermined range of needle movement. The method comprises commanding a valve needle (110, 310, 410, 510) to a position within the predetermined range of needle movement to reduce variability in the fuel mass flow rate, particularly when the engine is idling or operating under low load conditions. Valve needle lift is variable during an injection event and from one injection event toanother injection event.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that is used for controlling the Fuelinjection nozzle and this Fuelinjection nozzle of operation of the fuel stream that enters internal-combustion engine.More particularly, described Fuelinjection nozzle comprises spray nozzle device, and described spray nozzle device provides substantially invariable flow for predetermined range of valve needle movement.
Background technique
Fuelinjection nozzle can use a plurality of control strategies to be used for controlling the total amount of the fuel of the firing chamber that is introduced into internal-combustion engine.For example, some parameters that can be handled by well-known control strategy are pulse width, fuel pressure and the valve needle lift of injection events.
" pulse width " of injection events is defined as Fuelinjection nozzle herein and opens to allow fuel to be injected into time in the firing chamber.Suppose constant fuel pressure and constant valve needle lift, long pulse width causes more substantial fuel to be introduced in the firing chamber usually.
Yet to another injection events, fuel pressure does not need constant from an injection events, and fuel pressure can be enhanced the total amount that is introduced into the fuel in the firing chamber with increase.On the contrary, fuel pressure can be lowered so that more a spot of fuel is ejected in the internal-combustion engine, for example in the process of idling or low load condition.
As another example, the Fuelinjection nozzle of some types can be controlled valve needle lift is introduced the fuel in the firing chamber with influence total amount.The increase of valve needle lift is usually corresponding to the increase of the total amount of injected fuel, and some Fuelinjection nozzles can be controlled to needle is remained on place, neutral position between operating position and the full open position, to allow the flow littler than peak rate of flow.In order to control valve needle lift, Fuelinjection nozzle can use mechanical device or actuator, and described mechanical device or actuator can be controlled needle is promoted and remains on the place, neutral position between operating position and the full open position.
European patent specification EP 0 615 065 B1 (" shibata ") disclose a kind of Fuelinjection nozzle, be used to utilize the jet pump injecting LPG in liquefied condition, described jet pump has the plunger that is cam-driven, thereby described plunger to-and-fro motion activates Fuelinjection nozzle to increase fuel pressure.Described cam has low-speed region and high-speed region, and at the low-speed region place, the supply of fuel speed of pump is low, at high-speed region, and supply of fuel speed height, thus plunger can move with the speed that changes.Injection valve has the pin that is formed on the elongation on the needle, be used for when pin is positioned at spray-hole even when needle moves, keep the size substantially constant of the fuel channel at spray-hole place, thereby the fuel injection mass flow rate substantially constant is thus lifted to the outside of spray-hole up to pin.Shibata discloses a kind of like this equipment and method, this equipment and method can be used to form fuel injection mass flow rate in the injection events process, low when thereby fuel injection rate is initial (when pin is arranged in spray-hole), and be elevated to then higher fuel injection rate (when pin when spray-hole promotes).Yet because jet pump utilizes cam and plunger assembly mechanically to be operated, so the shape of fuel injection mass flow rate is all identical for each injection events usually.For each injection events, needle moves to the position of complete opening continuously from operating position, and turns back to operating position then, and the pin that wherein is in the place, end of needle provides the restriction that produces stepped injection pulse.Shibata openly is not used for by activating equipment or the method that needle comes the fuel metering mass flow, described equipment or method can be operated so that needle is remained on the neutral position, and method, thereby to another injection events, valve needle lift can change in the injection events process and from an injection events.That is to say, not not open a kind of like this equipment of Shibata or method, described equipment or method partly rise to the neutral position for the lasting permission needle of injection events, thereby for whole injection events provides lower mass flow rate, and the position that allows valve to rise to complete opening equally is used for another injection events.
Be under idling or low load condition, to control the total amount of the fuel in the firing chamber that is ejected into internal-combustion engine for the difficulty of known control strategy.Under these states, require Fuelinjection nozzle only to spray a spot of fuel in the firing chamber, even and the little variation that is ejected into the total amount of the fuel in the firing chamber also can cause the notable change of the injection total amount of fuel, this can cause unsettled operation.Under the state of high load, variation in the total amount of the fuel of identical magnitude has less influence for the operation of internal-combustion engine, because when this difference is considered to the percentage of total amount of burner oil, they have represented the very little variation in the difference between the burner oil total amount of the burner oil total amount that is fit to and reality.
In order to be controlled at the total amount of the fuel that sprays in idling and the low load condition process, if control strategy is only handled pulse width, this strategy can cause too short pulse width so, thereby stable and effective burning can not be provided.Therefore, under idling or low load condition simply the chopped pulse width be not the strategy that is fit to the total amount of the fuel that reduce to spray.
Can realize by reducing fuel pressure for idling or the fully long pulse width of low load condition.For liquid fuel, this is feasible strategy, but it need be used to control the system of fuel pressure, and this has increased the cost and the complexity of fuel injection system.For example, known liquid fuel system can reduce fuel pressure by making a part of fuel under high pressure turn back to fuel tank.For liquid fuel, exist for pressure to be dropped to how low restriction, because when fuel is introduced in the firing chamber of internal-combustion engine, need minimum fuel pressure with the fuel atomisation.Yet this method is difficult more for gaseous fuel.Because gas is compressible fluid, compare with liquid fuel, many a lot of gaseous fuels must be returned to fuel tank, be used for the similar reduction of fuel pressure, if and gas fuel tank is pressurized, when can occur fuel tank pressure so and surpass the pressure of fuel rail (fuel rail), make return flow impossible.Therefore, under not the situation of some of them fuel draining in the atmosphere, be difficult to reduce rapidly the pressure of gaseous fuel, this is unaccommodated.Therefore be difficult to control the responsiveness of fuel pressure, be used for controlling fuel injection mass flow rate to next injection events at injection events or from an injection events to obtain to be fit to.Be difficult to control fuel pressure and injection valve operation equally and spray, and once more, the only little variation of total amount of fuel will cause unsettled serviceability with the fuel of the accurate amount that will have the precision that is suitable for each injection events exactly.Therefore, controlling fueling injection pressure separately is not the strategy that is fit to for the fuel mass flow rates of Fuelinjection nozzle is passed in adjusting.
If Fuelinjection nozzle can be operated with the control valve needle lift, the flow pulse width that can be controlled to provide abundant length is to spray the fuel for suitable amount the internal-combustion engine that is in idling or operates under low load condition so.Shown in Japanese patent application No.60031204, Fuelinjection nozzle can be provided with stopper, the removable lift with the restriction needle of described stopper.Such mechanical device is that Fuelinjection nozzle has increased sizable complexity, and has therefore produced higher manufacture cost, has increased for the consideration that required space, maintenance cost and reliability aspect of injection valve assembly is installed.
In another kind of approach, Fuelinjection nozzle is known as by using variable orifice area to control the total amount of the fuel of injection.That is to say that injection valve can have two groups of holes, thereby in the time will spraying more a spot of fuel, valve can be operated only coming burner oil by one group of hole, and in the time will spraying relatively large fuel, fuel is injected by two groups of holes.U.S. Patent No. 4,546,739 disclose an example of this injection valve.Similar with other known mechanical technique scheme, this device has increased the relevant shortcoming of the consideration of complexity and higher manufacture cost, maintenance cost and reliability aspect.
The Fuelinjection nozzle of another kind of type can directly be activated by strain-type actuator, and described actuator can be accepted instruction with the operating position that needle risen to it and any position between the enable possition.The United States Patent(USP) Nos. 6.298.829 that owns together, 6,564,777,6,575,138 and 6,584,958 disclose the example of the Fuelinjection nozzle of the direct actuating of using strain-type actuator, and described patent is drawn in this integral body and to be reference.For example, if strain-type actuator is a piezoelectric actuator, impose on the electric charge of actuator by control, valve needle lift can be commanded to suitable lift location.Yet, even still can there be the variability of the fuel stream from an injection events to next injection events in method hereto, because actual valve needle lift can not always be complementary with the lift of being ordered exactly.Variability in the actual valve needle lift can be caused by a plurality of factors, comprise one or more variation in the chamber pressure for example, the variation of fuel pressure, the influence of the different thermal expansion of Fuelinjection nozzle inside, and the wearing and tearing of the parts in the Fuelinjection nozzle.Therefore, even, still can have the variable factor that causes in the actual lift for the Fuelinjection nozzle of the actuator that use to allow lift control, the variability of the still enough big total amount with the fuel that causes injection of described variability.
The instability of internal-combustion engine can cause higher motor fuel consumption, toxic emission, noise and vibration under idling and low load condition.Therefore, need a kind of like this equipment and method, when idling for internal combustion engine or in low load condition following time, in each injection events process, described equipment and method can provide the more stable device of the total amount of controlling the fuel that sprays, and can improve the combustion stability under these states.
For the compression ignition internal combustion engine of combustion of gaseous fuel, the shape of fuel injection rate is formed: beginning injection events with initial low mass flow rate, is the higher quality flow afterwards, finishes up to fuel injection event.Such example is being owned together and co-pending U.S. Patent application series No.10/414, open in 850, by name " Internal Combustion Engine With Injection Of GaseousFuel ", this patent is drawn in this integral body and is reference.It is difficult to the Fuelinjection nozzle of operation with traditional so that stair-stepping flow characteristic to be provided, and wherein needs described stair-stepping flow characteristic to realize this result.If provide the Fuelinjection nozzle of substantially invariable mass flow rate to make for predetermined range of valve needle movement, thereby this constant mass flow rate is corresponding to the initial low mass flow rate for stair-stepping injection events, so for from idling to fully loaded all operations state, this feature can be used to improve the performance of jetting stability and internal-combustion engine.
Summary of the invention
A kind of Fuelinjection nozzle that is used for fuel is introduced internal-combustion engine is disclosed.Described Fuelinjection nozzle comprises:
A. valve body comprises nozzle, and described valve body defines the fuel cavity that is positioned at valve body;
B. needle, can in described nozzle, between operating position and full open position, move, flow to the internal-combustion engine to allow fuel to flow and pass described nozzle from fuel cavity, wherein in described closed position, described needle is taken a seat near the valve seat that links to each other with described nozzle, at the full open position place, described needle and described valve seat spaced furthest; With
C. actuator, be used to activate described needle, described actuator can be operated described needle being remained on the neutral position place between seated position and the full open position, thus in the injection events process and from an injection events to another injection events, valve needle lift can change.That is to say that valve needle lift can change, because for example in the single injection event process, in the different moment, needle can be commanded to different positions, and if necessary, can remain on different positions.Valve needle lift can change to another injection events from an injection events equally, because valve needle lift can be different with respect to the shape of the curve of time for different injection events, for example for the idling for internal combustion engine state, can have the low relatively valve needle lift and the shape of rectangle, and can have stair-stepping shape for higher load condition, wherein the second level is substantially greater than the first order.
When described needle near first neutral position of operating position and and isolated second neutral position, described first neutral position between the time, the shape of needle and valve body is designed to provide ordinatedly the constant flow region between described needle and the valve body.Flowing of described nozzle passed in described constant flow region restriction, thereby mass flow rate is for certain range of valve needle movement substantially constant, the border of wherein said range of movement is limited by described first and second neutral positions, and wherein said constant flow region is arranged in the described fuel cavity of described valve seat upstream.
When needle is between first and second neutral positions, in order to reduce the variability of flow, constant flow region is preferably less than the flow region of the opening between the valve seat, thereby when needle is between first and second neutral positions, the fuel mass flow rates that Fuelinjection nozzle is passed in constant flow region control.
Described constant flow region can provide by the annular space between needle and valve body, perhaps provides by the groove that is formed in valve body or the needle.Protruding part between the groove can be as for the guiding element of needle, to increase needle is positioned at stability on the valve seat.
In a preferred embodiment, Fuelinjection nozzle also comprises strain-type actuator, is used for direct activated valve element.Strain-type actuator can comprise transducer, and described transducer is selected from comprise group piezoelectricity, magnetostrictive and electrostrictive transducer.Electronic controller can be by program control sending command signal to actuator, so that needle moves between operating position and full open position, and move to position between them according to predetermined waveform.
Fuelinjection nozzle can also comprise amplifier, and described amplifier is arranged on the strain that is produced by actuator with amplification between actuator and the valve element, thereby causes the bigger corresponding motion of valve element.Amplifier can be the hydraulic displacement amplifier, and perhaps it can use at least one bar mechanically to amplify described strain.
In a preferred embodiment, fuel is introduced in the fuel cavity with gaseous state.Fuel can be selected from the group that comprises following material: rock gas, methane, ethane, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), lighter flammable hydrocarbon derivative, hydrogen and their mixture.
Needle can be the needle of inwardly opening, thus when from operating position when move the enable possition, needle can move along the inside direction opposite with the mobile direction of fuel.In this embodiment, nozzle can comprise the closed end with at least one hole, and when needle and valve base chamber separated, it is injected that fuel can pass described hole.In a preferred embodiment, nozzle comprises a plurality of holes, and when described needle and described valve base chamber separated, it is injected that described fuel can pass described a plurality of hole, and total open area in described a plurality of holes is greater than described constant flow region.When described needle was in full open position, total open area in described a plurality of holes provided the restriction of the minimum of the fuel that passes nozzle for flowing, thus and the mobile quality of fuel flow that passes described Fuelinjection nozzle of control.
In another embodiment, Fuelinjection nozzle can also comprise and isolated the 3rd neutral position, described second neutral position, defines the border of second range of valve needle movement between the second and the 3rd neutral position.When described needle is between the second and the 3rd neutral position, the shape of valve body and needle is designed to provide ordinatedly the second constant flow region, flowing of described nozzle passed in described second constant flow area restriction, thereby the mass flow rate substantially constant still is higher than the mass flow rate when described needle is between first and second neutral positions.
By example, illustrated and described the preferred embodiment of the Fuelinjection nozzle of the firing chamber that is used for injecting fuel directly into internal-combustion engine.Under the situation that does not break away from essence of the present disclosure and scope, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand, and also be feasible for the valve body of Fuelinjection nozzle and other setting of needle.The scope of disclosed Fuelinjection nozzle comprises nozzle and needle, the shaped design of described nozzle and needle becomes to be fitted to each other, thereby when needle near first neutral position of operating position and and isolated second neutral position, described first neutral position between the time, when fuel flows when passing nozzle, producing substantially invariable pressure descends, thereby mass flow rate is for certain range of valve needle movement substantially constant, and the border of wherein said range of movement is limited by first and second neutral positions.
A kind of method that the nozzle that passes Fuelinjection nozzle enters the fuel mass flow rates of internal-combustion engine that is used for regulating is provided.Described method comprises:
Activate needle with the control valve needle lift, in the neutralization of injection events process from an injection events to another injection events, described valve needle lift can change in response to the operation of internal combustion engine state of measuring, described serviceability comprises the load and the rotating speed of internal-combustion engine;
When the predetermined constant fuel mass flow rate of needs, the order needle moves to the position between the first and second predetermined neutral positions, described first and second neutral positions are between the position of operating position and complete opening, wherein said Fuelinjection nozzle is designed to when described needle is between first and second neutral positions, and when the constant pressure of described fuel, allow substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates; With
When fuel mass flow rates that need be different with described predetermined constant fuel mass flow rates, order described needle move into place between described operating position and the full open position, but the position between described first and second neutral positions not, be designed to the form fit of wherein said needle and described valve body when described needle is between described first and second neutral positions, provide constant flow region, and wherein in described operating position, described needle is forced near valve seat, described constant flow region be positioned at described valve seat on.
Preferably, described method also comprises when the described substantially invariable mass flow rate of needs, orders described needle to the intermediate point between first and second neutral positions.Because between the needle position of needle position of ordering and reality, have certain variability, therefore order described needle to reduce such possibility to the intermediate point of range of movement, promptly Shi Ji needle position is in the possibility of the outside of the range of movement that is limited by predetermined first and second neutral positions.In a word, this has reduced the variability that is transported to the fuel mass flow rates in the firing chamber.
In the preferred embodiment of described method, described substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates is corresponding to the fuel mass flow rates that is fit to for idling or low load condition.As mentioned above, under these states, the easiest influence that is subjected to the variation of fuel mass flow rates of internal-combustion engine, because compare when under higher load conditions, operating with internal-combustion engine, the total amount of needed fuel to be sprayed is very little, even and the little variation in the fuel mass flow rates also can cause adverse influence to stable operation of internal combustion engine, the engine performance characteristic is had corresponding adverse effect, for example discharging of internal-combustion engine, noise and/efficient.
In a preferred embodiment of described method, when described needle is between first and second neutral positions, utilize constant flow region to provide the flow restriction in the described nozzle can regulate described substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates.When second neutral position corresponding to than the bigger valve needle lift of the valve needle lift in described first neutral position time, by the position of described needle from second neutral position towards complete opening moved, described fuel mass flow rates can increase substantially and little by little.
Described method can also comprise when the needs second substantially invariable mass flow rate, with described needle order to position between described second neutral position and the 3rd neutral position, wherein second neutral position is corresponding to the valve needle lift bigger than the valve needle lift in first neutral position, and the 3rd neutral position is corresponding to the valve needle lift bigger than the valve needle lift in second neutral position.Fuelinjection nozzle can be designed to have flow restriction, thereby the first restriction flow region limits flow region less than second, when described needle is between the second and the 3rd neutral position, and the described second restriction flow region substantially constant.In this embodiment of described method, by the position of described needle from the 3rd neutral position towards complete opening moved, fuel mass flow rates can increase basically and little by little.For example, when idling for internal combustion engine, can select the first constant mass flow rate, and when internal-combustion engine is operated, can select the second constant mass flow rate under predetermined low load condition.
Described method preferably includes fuel is directly injected to the firing chamber of internal-combustion engine from nozzle.By injecting fuel directly in the firing chamber, internal-combustion engine can keep the compression ratio and the efficient of the equivalent engine of burning diesel oil fuel.If fuel is injected in the nearly gas system of upstream of suction valve, for fear of the too early detonation of fuel, the total amount of fuel that must limit injection and/or reduce the compression ratio of internal-combustion engine.
The present invention is in the fuel of gaseous state when being specially adapted to pass nozzle when flowing.Therefore, described method can also comprise and will be in the fuel introducing nozzle of gaseous state.For example, fuel can be selected from the group that comprises following material: rock gas, methane, ethane, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), lighter flammable hydrocarbon derivative, hydrogen and their mixture.
A preferred embodiment of described method comprises also and utilizes strain-type actuator directly to activate needle that described actuator can be activated to produce the corresponding motion of needle.Strain-type actuator is applicable to the disclosed method that realizes usually, moves to the place, any neutral position between operating position and the full open position and remains on its place because they can be controlled to the described needle of order.Strain-type actuator preferably includes transducer, and described transducer is selected from comprise group piezoelectricity, magnetostrictive and electrostrictive transducer.
Described method can also comprise same control injection pulse width assisting to be controlled at the total amount of the fuel that sprays in the injection events process, thereby pulse width can change in response to the operation of internal combustion engine state of predetermined measurement from an injection events to another injection events.Yet, the control impuls width is not the strategy that is fit to for regulating the quality of fuel total amount of spraying separately, pulse width control can combine so that greater flexibility to be provided with disclosed method, thereby the fuel of the quality total amount that is fit to can be introduced in the firing chamber, as according to the operation of internal combustion engine state of measuring and with reference to the internal combustion engine performance surface chart determined.For example, some operation of internal combustion engine states can comprise internal-combustion engine rotational speed and engine load.Can also monitor other serviceability, and electric control device can be by program control to determine whether need to make any adjusting to repair other variable, for example fuel temperature; Suction pressure, fueling injection pressure and in-cylinder pressure.
Similarly be, described method can also comprise the control jet pressure assisting to be controlled at the total amount of the fuel that sprays in the injection events process, thereby fueling injection pressure can change in response to the operation of internal combustion engine state of predetermined measurement from an injection events to another injection events.
A kind of nozzle that passes Fuelinjection nozzle by control needle position regulation enters the method for the fuel mass flow rates in the internal-combustion engine, and described method comprises:
By needle is moved to first neutral position from operating position, fuel mass flow rates is increased to first value from zero, in described closed position, needle is forced near valve seat;
When described needle was between first neutral position and second neutral position, on weekly duty to enclose basic maintenance constant described first to make fuel mass flow rates, and described second neutral position and described first neutral position are spaced apart;
By described needle is moved towards the position of complete opening from described second neutral position, increase fuel mass flow rates gradually and surpass described first value;
By needle is moved to full open position, fuel mass flow rates is increased to maximum value; With
Activate described needle with operation of internal combustion engine State Control valve needle lift in response to measurement, described serviceability comprises internal-combustion engine rotational speed and load, and wherein said needle position can change to another injection events in the injection events process and from an injection events.
In a preferable methods, first value is the fuel mass flow rates of being ordered when described internal-combustion engine is operated under idling or low load condition.
Described preferable methods can also comprise that the described needle of order moves according to stair-stepping waveform, described waveform has low relatively mass flow rate in the phase I process, and in the second stage process, have the higher quality flow, and wherein said first value is the fuel mass flow rates that order is used for the described phase I.
Described method preferably includes by actuation strain formula actuator comes mobile needle, and described actuator can be by order to produce linear displacement, and described linear displacement is delivered to needle.Utilize this actuator, the figure of displacement relative time can be followed the shape of any order, and needs not be identical shape for each injection events.For example, for idling mode, can order little displacement with basic rectangular shape.For higher load, can use stair-stepping shape, follow higher actuator displacement after the wherein low relatively initial displacement.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing shows specific embodiments of the invention, but not will be understood that it is to limit the spirit and scope of the invention by any way.
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of the direct Fuelinjection nozzle that activates, and described injection valve can be operated to spray the fuel of substantially constant amount for predetermined range of valve needle movement.
Fig. 2 A for example shows the valve nozzle that can be used by the Fuelinjection nozzle of Fig. 1 and the schematic cross-sectional view of needle end to 2C.Fig. 2 A shows the needle that is in the close position.Fig. 2 B shows needle and is in the scope that constant flow area is provided, thereby produces substantially invariable flow for certain range of valve needle movement.Fig. 2 C shows the needle that promotes outside the scope that exceeds constant flow area.Fig. 2 A shows an embodiment of such feature to 2C, and described feature can be used to make Fuelinjection nozzle can operate to spray the fuel of substantially constant amount for predetermined range of valve needle movement.
Fig. 2 D and 2E show and pass the sectional view that is denoted as the section line of D/E among Fig. 2 A.
Fig. 2 D shows simple concentric circle setting, the described circular constant flow region that defines the annular between needle and the valve body that is provided with.Fig. 2 E provides another embodiment's example, and wherein constant flow region provides by a plurality of grooves that are formed in the valve body.
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-sectional view of nozzle, described nozzle comprises that the needle that is used to inside unlatching provides the feature of two different range of movement, wherein each range of movement provides corresponding substantially invariable flow, and the constant flow region that described substantially invariable flow is provided in each scope limits.
Fig. 4 A shows to 4C and is used for an outwards embodiment's of the valve nozzle of the needle of unlatching schematic cross sectional views.Fig. 4 A shows the needle that is in the close position.Fig. 4 B shows needle, and described needle is arranged in the scope that constant flow area is provided, thereby produces substantially invariable flow for certain range of valve needle movement.Fig. 4 C shows and promotes the extraneous needle that exceeds constant flow area.
Fig. 5 is the needle of outwards unlatching and the schematic cross-sectional view of valve nozzle, described needle and valve nozzle are fitted to each other so that two needle position scopes to be provided, described two scopes all provide substantially invariable flow region, thereby when needle is positioned at any position of these scopes, the fuel mass flow rates substantially constant.
Fig. 6 passes the curve of the mass flow rate of Fuelinjection nozzle nozzle with respect to valve needle lift.Wherein show two embodiments, one has single range of movement, and described range of movement produces substantially invariable mass flow rate, and second embodiment has two range of movement, and described two range of movement produce corresponding substantially invariable mass flow rate.These embodiments compare with curve for the flow characteristic of traditional Fuelinjection nozzle.
Fig. 7 is the figure that passes the mass flow rate that the quilt of Fuelinjection nozzle orders.Show a plurality of shapes of being ordered, they can be benefited from stability, and described stability can realize by using disclosed nozzle and valve needle features, thereby improve the flow characteristic of passing Fuelinjection nozzle.
Embodiment
Schematic representation is not drawn in proportion, and some feature can be exaggerated so that their function to be shown better.
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-sectional view of Fuelinjection nozzle 100, and it can be used for fuel is introduced internal-combustion engine.Valve body 102 holds needle 110, actuator 120 and transmitting assemblies 130.Valve body 102 also defines fuel cavity 104, and fuel cavity 104 comprises fuel channel, and fuel channel extends through arrival valve seat 112 from connecting piece 106 and fuel inlet 108.Needle 110 can move between the position of operating position and complete opening in nozzle 114, and wherein in closed position, needle 110 is taken a seat near valve seat 112, in open position, and needle 110 and valve seat 112 spaced furthest.When needle 110 with valve seat 112 separately the time, fuel can pass nozzle 114 from fuel cavity 104 and flow to the internal-combustion engine.In example shown in Figure 1, fuel passes hole 116 and leaves nozzle 114.In the situation of the needle of opening outwardly (for example seeing Fig. 4 and Fig. 5), the opening that fuel can directly pass between needle and the valve seat leaves nozzle.
The disclosed feature that is used to influence the flow characteristic of passing Fuelinjection nozzle is irrelevant with the type of the actuator that is used to cause valve needle movements.Any such actuator can be from the disclosed benefit that is provided with, described actuator can be controlled to influence the speed that needle activates and/or be controlled at operating position and full open position between needle position.For example, Electromagnetically actuated Fuelinjection nozzle can use disclosed feature, because can be controlled to a definite degree by the speed that control force rises for the unlatching rate of solenoid valve.That is to say, utilize electromagnetic actuators, in the process of the beginning of fuel injection event, the speed of valve needle movements can be retained as low speed, the prolongation time that fuel is introduced into constant low relatively fuel mass flow rates before fuel mass flow rates increases in the process of the aft section of fuel injection event.
In a preferred embodiment, injection valve 100 comprises strain-type actuator, is used for directly activating needle 110 and provides the advantage that is beneficial to the control valve needle movement.Directly the Fuelinjection nozzle that activates is defined as such injection valve herein, and its use can be activated producing the actuator of mechanical motion, and described mechanical motion is directly corresponding to the motion of needle.In the Fuelinjection nozzle of this direct actuating, can be amplified by one or more mechanical shaft or hydraulic pressure amplifying device from the mechanical motion that actuator produces, but the motion of actuator always is associated with the corresponding motion of needle.In example shown in Figure 1, transmitting assemblies 130 from actuator 120 to needle 110 transmitting movements.Transmitting assemblies 130 comprises hydraulic displacement amplifier mechanism, and the feasible mechanical motion that produces from actuator 120 of described amplifier mechanism is amplified.In this example, the generation of the actuating of needle 110 is as described below.Actuator 120 can be activated to produce the mechanical motion along axial direction, so that bottom 108 and plunger 124 move towards nozzle 114.Plunger 124 moves the hydraulic fluid that amplifies in the chamber 132.In the period of the weak point of injection events, the volume that amplifies the hydraulic fluid in the chamber 132 keeps substantially constant.Because hydraulic fluid is incompressible substantially, therefore in order to hold the fluid that is moved by plunger 124, needle 110 moves along opposite direction, away from valve seat 112, therefore opens described valve 110 and beginning fuel injection event.The total amount of amplifying is predetermined by the relative end regions of the shoulder that all is arranged on the plunger 124 that amplifies in the chamber 132 and needle 110.That is to say that the ratio between the end regions of plunger and the land areas of needle is big more, the amplification of needle stroke is also just big more.
Actuator 120 can be ordered the total amount with change strain in the injection events process, thereby needle 110 is moved to different enable possitions, thereby perhaps strain is reduced to zero end injection incident.
Spring 126 is biased into operating position with needle 110, and helps to guarantee not form spatial joint clearance between actuator 120, transmitting assemblies 130 and needle 110.
In illustrated example, transmitting assemblies 130 also comprises hydraulic fluid reservoir 134.Compare with the time lag of fuel injection event, between injection events, has long a lot of time period, and when internal-combustion engine does not move, has time enough to allow some fluids mobile little gap of passing between the adjacently situated surfaces of plunger 124, needle 110, valve body 102 and pipeline 136 and 138 between storage 134 and amplification chamber 132.Storage 134 and amplify this between the chamber 132 the flow leakage of the hydraulic fluid between can compensating unit and little dimensional changes leaks and dimensional changes for example can and be worn and torn owing to different temperature expansion/contractions and caused.
Sealing 137 and 139 sealings prevent that hydraulic fluid from leaking in the fuel cavity 104, and this is essential when valve 100 is used for gas jet fuel.If fuel is liquid fuel, and it is easily when the hydraulic fluid, and Sealing 139 is optional.
The common may command of strain-type actuator is with the strain of any size between the maximum total amount of the strain that is created in zero-sum and can be produced by given actuator.That is to say that strain-type actuator can be by order to move to the neutral position with needle 110, at the place, neutral position, it can be held the time that is fit to length.Controller can be changed the total amount of strain with the order actuator by program control, thereby needle 110 moves to another enable possition or operating position from middle position.This allows the motion of needle 110 to be ordered to follow predetermined waveform, this provides greater flexibility to be controlled at the fuel mass flow rates in the injection events process, and this flexibility can be used to improve combustion characteristic, thereby improve performance or efficient, and/or reduce the toxic emission of unaccommodated products of combustion, the noise of for example oxide of particulate matter or nitrogen or carbon, and/or reduction internal-combustion engine.
By example, actuator 120 schematically is shown the piezoelectric element that piles up in Fig. 1, is used to provide the strain-type actuation of needle 110.Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand, other strain-type actuator, and for example electrostriction or magnetic deformation actuator can be used to realize identical result.
Though strain-type actuator can be by order to produce suitable strain, but also have various influences, for example temperature, wearing and tearing, fuel temperature, air-distributor pressure and chamber pressure, they can apply different influences to another injection events to needle position from an injection events.Therefore, even actuator is ordered to produce specific strain, described strain is usually corresponding to the needle position that is fit to, but actual needle position still can be different, and the difference between physical location and the suitable position can be enough to significantly to reduce combustion efficiency, particularly when idling for internal combustion engine or when being in the low load condition.
Fig. 2 shows the embodiment of needle and valve body to feature shown in Figure 5, the shape of described needle and valve body is designed to when needle is positioned at certain range of movement, and when matching surface keeps toward each other, provide the constant flow region between needle and the valve body ordinatedly.This constant flow region has limited and has passed flowing of nozzle, thus the fuel mass flow rates substantially constant.To near the position the intermediate point of this scope, make fuel mass flow rates insensitive substantially by the order needle for the little variation of needle position.Embodiment shown in all is with identical operate, and for idling and low load condition, and when stair-stepping injection curve is ordered the state of higher load, described embodiment all can be advantageously used in the fuel mass flow rates that reduces order and the variability between the natural fuel mass flow rate.
To the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 C, needle and nozzle setting have wherein been schematically shown below with reference to Fig. 2 A.This setting for example can be used with the Fuelinjection nozzle of Fig. 1.Therefore, the identical reference character that uses among Fig. 1 is used in reference to diagrammatic sketch 2A similar feature in Fig. 2 C.Only show the end portion of nozzle 114, wherein valve body 102 defines around the part of the fuel cavity 104 of needle 110.Fig. 2 A all shows identical embodiment to Fig. 2 C, but each accompanying drawing shows the needle 110 that is in diverse location.
In Fig. 2 A, needle 110 is shown and is in the close position, and take a seat near valve seat 112, thereby fuel can not flow and passes hole 116.In order to begin fuel injection event, needle 110 can move along the direction of arrow 150.For example Fig. 1 can move away from valve seat to needle shown in Figure 3, and along the direction opposite with the fuel flow direction, is known as the needle of inside unlatching.In Fig. 2 B, needle 110 has been raised the 112 arrival enable possitions of lifting off a seat.In Fig. 2 B, the part of the vertical side of needle 110 is relative with the vertical wall of the valve body 102 that shoulder 103 provides.Parallel and relative vertical surface provides the flow restriction gap between them, represents with d1.The size in this gap is designed to the flow region that provides such, this flow region arrives substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates to the fuel flow restriction of passing nozzle 114 for certain range of valve needle movement, as long as the part of the vertical side of needle 110 is relative with the vertical wall that shoulder 103 provides.That is to say that because the vertical surface of the cooperation in formation gap is parallel to each other, so the size in gap keeps constant for certain range of valve needle movement.In Fig. 2 C, needle 110 has been raised the vertical surface that exceeds needle 110 and shoulder 103 point respect to one another.Crossed this point, when needle 110 was moved further away from valve seat 112, the flow region between needle 110 and the valve body 102 increased.Needle 110 can further be raised from the position Fig. 2 C, arrives the position of complete opening up to it.Utilize for example nozzle setting shown in Fig. 2 C, the restriction of the open area that maximum fuel mass flow rates can be provided by hole 116 limits.If this is the case, needle risen to exceed the point that fuel flows and to be blocked by the hole, can not cause the further increase of fuel mass flow rates.
Below with reference to Fig. 2 D and 2E, wherein show two different embodiments of the viewgraph of cross-section that passes the D/E cat line that indicates among Fig. 2 A.Fig. 2 D shows constant flow area with 2E can make different shapes, and does not break away from essence of the present disclosure.Fig. 2 D shows a simple concentric circle setting, and it defines the constant flow region between needle 110 and the valve body 201.In Fig. 2 E, constant flow region is provided by a plurality of grooves that are formed in the valve body 102.By example, described groove is shown has the bottom, and described bottom is by limiting with the concentric diameter of the relative wall of valve body 110, and shoulder 103 provides the protrusion surface between the described groove.Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand, and the protrusion surface between described groove and the groove can take different shapes, and not break away from the scope of the present disclosure simultaneously.Introduce though Fig. 2 D and 2E are the embodiments with reference to figure 2A, can be applied to all embodiments disclosed herein for these embodiments of the shape of constant flow area.For some embodiments, groove can be formed in the valve needle surface, rather than in the valve body surface.
Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the nozzle of the needle with inside unlatching.Valve body 302 and needle 310 define fuel cavity 304 shown in part.Needle 310 is in the close position, and wherein it is forced to valve seat 312 fluid-tight and contacts.Lift off a seat 312 the time when needle 310 is raised along the direction of arrow 350, hole 316 provides and has been used for the outlet that fuel leaves valve body.This embodiment and Fig. 2 A are that to the difference between the embodiment of 2C valve body 302 is provided with two land areas 303 and 303A, and two land areas all provide the vertical surface parallel with the vertical surface of needle 310.Shoulder 303 among Fig. 3 is similar to the shoulder 103 among the 2C with Fig. 2 A.Shoulder 303A provides the second parallel surfaces zone, and when the vertical surface of needle 310 was relative with described second parallel surfaces zone, the second parallel surfaces zone provided bigger constant flow area.Therefore, the nozzle setting of Fig. 3 can provide two range of valve needle movement, and wherein in described two range of movement, fuel mass flow rates can substantially constant.When the vertical surface of needle 310 is relative with the vertical surface of shoulder 303, lower substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates is provided, and when the vertical surface of needle 310 is relative with the vertical surface of shoulder 303A, provide bigger substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates.
Fig. 4 A shows another embodiment again that valve body and needle are provided with to 4C, and this embodiment provides substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates for predetermined range of valve needle movement.In Fig. 4 A, needle 410 is shown and is in the close position, and take a seat near valve seat 412, thereby fuel can not flow and passes nozzle 414.In order to begin fuel injection event, needle 410 can move along the direction of arrow 450.Example needle as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 is known as the needle of outside unlatching, Fig. 4 can move away valve seat with needle shown in Figure 5 and be along the parallel direction of direction that flows with fuel, and uses the Fuelinjection nozzle of the needle of outwards opening to be sometimes referred to as poppet valve.In Fig. 4 B, needle 410 has been raised lifts off a seat 412 to an interior enable possition of range of valve needle movement, in this position, can spray substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates.In Fig. 4 B, the part of the vertical side of the needle 410 that shoulder 403 provides is relative with the vertical wall of valve body 402.Parallel and relative vertical surface provides the gap between them, represents with d1.Similar with other embodiment, the size in this gap is designed to the flow region that provides such, this flow region arrives substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates to the fuel flow restriction of passing nozzle 414 for certain range of valve needle movement, as long as the part of the vertical side of needle 410 is relative with the vertical wall that valve body 402 provides.In Fig. 4 C, needle 410 has been raised above the vertical surface of shoulder 403 and valve body 402 point respect to one another.Crossed this point, along with needle 410 is moved further away from valve seat 412, the flow region between needle 410 and the valve body 402 increases.Position from Fig. 4 C, needle 410 can further be raised along the direction of arrow 450, arrives the position of complete opening up to it.
Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of the nozzle setting of the needle with outside unlatching.Part shown in valve body 502 and the needle 510 qualification fuel cavity 504.Needle 510 is in the enable possition, and in described open position, 550 direction is raised from operating position along arrow for it.This embodiment and Fig. 4 A are that to the difference between the embodiment of 4C needle 510 is provided with two land areas 503 and 503A, and described two land areas all provide the vertical surface parallel with the vertical surface of the opening that passes valve body 502.Shoulder 503 among Fig. 5 is similar to the shoulder 403 of Fig. 4 A in Fig. 4 C.Shoulder 503A provides the second parallel surfaces zone, and when the vertical surface of the opening that passes valve body 502 was relative with described second parallel surfaces zone, the second parallel surfaces zone provided bigger constant flow area.Therefore, the nozzle setting of Fig. 5 can provide two range of valve needle movement, and wherein in described two range of movement, fuel mass flow rates can substantially constant.When the vertical surface of shoulder 503 is relative with the vertical surface of the opening that passes valve body 502, lower substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates is provided, and when the vertical surface of shoulder 503A is relative with the vertical surface of the opening that passes valve body 502, provide bigger substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates.In illustrated example, limited for the difference in the constant flow area of two range of valve needle movement to the difference of small part by size d1 and d2.Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand, and under the situation that does not break away from essence of the present disclosure and scope, other embodiment can obtain identical result.For example, under the situation that does not increase gap size, widen by for example making the groove shown in Fig. 2 E, flow region can increase, thereby increases the constant flow area for second range of valve needle movement.
Fig. 6 is the figure of fuel mass flow rates Q with respect to valve needle lift L.Curve shown in the lines 600 has been represented traditional Fuelinjection nozzle.Shown in curve 600, for traditional Fuelinjection nozzle, the increase of valve needle lift makes fuel mass flow rates increase gradually, up to arriving maximum fuel mass flow rate Qc, for example, when the mobile restriction that is provided by nozzle bore is blocked, when perhaps another restriction that is provided by other position in the Fuelinjection nozzle is blocked.When the approaching obstruction of curve turnover rate, the gradient of curve 600 slows down, and therefore when needle was commanded near the full open position, the little variation of lift can the appreciable impact fuel mass flow rates.
For the Fuelinjection nozzle of control valve needle lift with the control fuel mass flow rates, utilize traditional Fuelinjection nozzle, if the Qa representative is for the fuel mass flow rates that is fit to of idling or low load condition, needle is ordered range of lift L1 so, thereby suitable turnover rate is provided.Because near the precipitous gradient of the curve 600 the lift L1, even therefore depart from the notable change that also can cause the natural fuel mass flow rate from position L1 little.
Curve shown in the solid line 610 has been represented the Fuelinjection nozzle that uses feature of the present disclosure.For example in idling or low load condition, needle can be commanded to the position at the intermediate point place between L1 and the L2.Because for identical range of valve needle movement, the gradient of the curve 610 between L1 and the L2 is more a lot of gently than the gradient of curve 600, therefore the operation of the Fuelinjection nozzle of curve 610 has the stability of raising, thereby improve the discharging of the harmful products of combustion of engine performance, efficient and/or reduction, the for example oxide of particulate matter and nitrogen or carbon, and/or reduction internal combustion engine noise.Fig. 2 and embodiment shown in Figure 4 show the example of Fuelinjection nozzle, and it can provide a range of valve needle movement, and in this scope, fuel can be injected with substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates.Range of movement between L1 and the L2 has been represented such range of valve needle movement, and this scope is fitted to each other corresponding to the parallel vertical surface when needle and valve body and is of a size of the gap of d1 with qualification.When needle was moved further away from valve seat and exceeds this scope, fuel mass flow rates increased gradually along comparatively precipitous gradient, up to reaching maximum fuel mass flow rate.
Fig. 7 is for the mass flow rate of the order of the single fuel injection event figure with respect to a plurality of embodiments of the time of passing Fuelinjection nozzle.The shape of the order shown in each can be benefited from stability, and described stability can realize by using disclosed nozzle and valve needle features, thereby improve the flow characteristic of passing Fuelinjection nozzle.In this diagram, Qc represents maximum fuel mass flow rate once more.Curve 710 for example can be used for the mass flow rate of idling or low load condition by order corresponding to relatively little fuel mass flow rates Qa.Advantage has been described to can be from being recycled to the variability that circulation reduces the total amount that is introduced into the fuel the internal-combustion engine under idling and low load condition.Same what be fit to is with stair-stepping waveform fuel directly to be introduced in the firing chamber of internal-combustion engine, wherein begins, and less fuel mass flow rates is injected, among Fig. 7 shown in Qa or the Qb, next is higher fuel mass flow rates, shown in curve 730 for example.Having two provides the Fuelinjection nozzle of the range of valve needle movement of substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates can use controller, described controller by program control so that be used for idling mode with for example waveform shown in the curve 710, and the waveform that uses curve 720 is used for the state of light load, perhaps in stair-stepping waveform, begin up to t2 with curve 710, and be curve 720 then after t2, perhaps can trade-off curve 730 after t2 for higher load condition.Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand, and other combination also is feasible, for example begin up to t2 with curve 720, and be curve 730 afterwards, thereby injection even more fuel enter in the internal-combustion engine.In the certain operations state, also advantageously when needle when the enable possition moves to operating position, downward transition is provided.Advantage with Fuelinjection nozzle of described open feature is: in the predetermined stage of the waveform that is used for the control valve needle movement, can select constant flow region so that more stable fuel mass flow rates to be provided, reduce when operation of internal combustion engine, being recycled to the circuit variability.
Disclosed Fuelinjection nozzle exploitation is used for gaseous fuel, and still identical feature also is favourable for the Fuelinjection nozzle of injecting LPG in liquefied condition.Yet, for liquid fuel, there is the other consideration that must consider, for example cavitation (cativation) and the suitable pressure of maintenance are used for fuel atomizing.When unexpected pressure descend make fuel pressure be brought down below vapor pressure and some fuel at fuel before injection valve is discharged during just by gasification, cavitation takes place.The problem relevant with atomizing with cavitation for example can be avoided by using one or more following strategy: (i) fuel is introduced Fuelinjection nozzle with such initial pressure, this initial pressure is enough high guaranteeing that fuel pressure is kept above vapor pressure, and suitably high to make fuel atomization when fuel leaves Fuelinjection nozzle after confined flow region; (ii) the restriction pressure that is dimensioned to the flow region of restriction descends, thereby fuel pressure is not lowered to be lower than makes needed vapor pressure of fuel atomization or pressure minimum when leaving Fuelinjection nozzle; (iii) provide the smooth entry that enters the restriction flow region, thereby reduction can cause the turbulent flow of area of low pressure; (iv) utilize such made nozzle and needle, this material will can not be exposed to the state relevant with cavitation and be destroyed.For liquid fuel, can use disclosed feature, and realize many identical advantages that can realize for gaseous fuel.For example, by reducing the variability of the total amount of fuel that sprays, under idling and low load condition, can realize the noise of more stable performance and reduction internal-combustion engine.
Though illustrated and described specific element of the present invention, embodiment and application, but will be understood that certainly, the invention is not restricted to this, because without departing from the scope of the invention, particularly under the inspiration of instruction in front, those of ordinary skill in the art can make various modifications.
Claims (39)
1. Fuelinjection nozzle that is used for fuel is introduced internal-combustion engine, described Fuelinjection nozzle comprises:
A. valve body comprises nozzle and the fuel cavity that is limited by described valve body;
B. needle, can in described nozzle, between operating position and full open position, move, flow to the described internal-combustion engine to allow described fuel to flow and pass described nozzle from described fuel cavity, wherein in described closed position, described needle is taken a seat near the valve seat that links to each other with described nozzle, at the full open position place, described needle and described valve seat spaced furthest; With
C. strain-type actuator, be used to activate described needle, described actuator can be operated described needle is remained on the place, neutral position between described operating position and the full open position, thereby to another injection events, valve needle lift can change in the injection events process and from an injection events; With
Wherein, when described needle near first neutral position of described operating position and and isolated second neutral position, described first neutral position between the time, the shape of described needle and described valve body is designed to provide ordinatedly the constant flow region between described needle and the described valve body, and flowing of described nozzle passed in wherein said constant flow region restriction, thereby mass flow rate is for certain range of valve needle movement substantially constant, the border of wherein said range of movement is limited by described first and second neutral positions, and wherein said constant flow region is arranged in the described fuel cavity of described valve seat upstream.
2. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, when described needle was between described first and second neutral positions, described constant flow region was less than the flow region of the opening between described valve seat and the described needle.
3. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described constant flow region is the annular space between described needle and the described valve body.
4. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described strain-type actuator comprises transducer, and described transducer is selected from comprise group piezoelectricity, magnetostrictive and electrostrictive transducer.
5. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise electronic controller, described controller can program control to send command signal to described actuator, thereby described needle is moved between described operating position and described full open position, and move to position between them according to predetermined waveform.
6. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise amplifier, described amplifier is arranged between described actuator and the described valve element, is used to amplify the strain that produced by actuator to cause the bigger corresponding motion of described valve element.
7. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described amplifier is the hydraulic displacement amplifier.
8. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that described amplifier uses at least one bar.
9. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described fuel is introduced in the described fuel cavity with gaseous state.
10. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described fuel is selected from the group that comprises following material: rock gas, methane, ethane, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), lighter flammable hydrocarbon derivative, hydrogen and their mixture.
11. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described needle is the needle of inwardly opening, thus when from described operating position when move described enable possition, described needle can move along the inside direction opposite with the mobile direction of fuel.
12. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, described nozzle comprises the closed end with at least one hole, and when described needle and described valve base chamber separated, it is injected that described fuel can pass described hole.
13. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that, described nozzle comprises the closed end with a plurality of holes, when described needle and described valve base chamber separate, it is injected that described fuel can pass described a plurality of hole, and total open area in described a plurality of holes is greater than described constant flow region.
14. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, when described needle was in described full open position, total open area in described a plurality of holes provided minimum restriction, thus and the mobile quality of fuel flow that passes described Fuelinjection nozzle of control.
15. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, and isolated the 3rd neutral position, described second neutral position defines the border of second range of valve needle movement between the described second and the 3rd neutral position, and when described needle is between the described second and the 3rd neutral position, the shape of described valve body and described needle is designed to the flow region that provides constant ordinatedly, flowing of described nozzle passed in described flow region restriction, thereby the mass flow rate substantially constant still is higher than the mass flow rate when described needle is between described first and second neutral positions.
16. a Fuelinjection nozzle that is used for injecting fuel directly into the firing chamber of internal-combustion engine, described Fuelinjection nozzle comprises:
A. valve body comprises nozzle with outlet and the fuel cavity that is limited by described valve body, and described outlet can be arranged in the described firing chamber;
B. needle, can in described nozzle, between operating position and full open position, move, enter the described firing chamber to allow described fuel to flow and pass described jet expansion from described fuel cavity, in described closed position, described needle is taken a seat near the valve seat that links to each other with described nozzle, in described open position, described needle and described valve seat spaced furthest; With
C. strain-type actuator, be used to activate described needle, described actuator can be operated described needle is remained on the place, neutral position between described operating position and the full open position, thereby in injection events process neutralization from an injection events to another injection events, valve needle lift can change; With
Wherein, when described needle near first neutral position of described operating position and and isolated second neutral position, described first neutral position between the time, the shape of described needle and described valve body is designed to provide substantially invariable pressure to descend when described fuel flows ordinatedly when passing described nozzle, thereby mass flow rate is for certain range of valve needle movement substantially constant, the border of described range of movement is limited by described first and second neutral positions, the needle of wherein said form fit and valve body define the constant flow region between described needle and described valve body, and wherein said constant flow region is arranged in the described fuel cavity of described valve seat upstream.
17. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, described strain-type actuator comprises transducer, and described transducer is selected from comprise group piezoelectricity, magnetostrictive and electrostrictive transducer.
18. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that, also comprise electronic controller, described controller can program control to send command signal to described actuator, thereby described needle is moved between described operating position and described full open position, and move to position between them according to predetermined waveform.
19. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that, also comprise amplifier, described amplifier is arranged between described actuator and the described valve element, be used to amplify the strain that produces by actuator, to cause the bigger corresponding motion of described valve element.
20. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described amplifier is the hydraulic displacement amplifier.
21. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described amplifier uses at least one bar.
22. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, when fuel was injected in the described firing chamber, described fuel was in gaseous state.
23. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, described fuel is selected from the group that comprises following material: rock gas, methane, ethane, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), lighter flammable hydrocarbon derivative, hydrogen and their mixture.
24. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, described needle is the needle of inwardly opening, thereby when when move described enable possition, described needle moves along the inside direction opposite with the mobile direction of fuel.
25. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, described nozzle comprises the closed end with at least one hole, and when described needle and described valve base chamber separated, it is injected that described fuel can pass described hole.
26. Fuelinjection nozzle as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that, and isolated the 3rd neutral position, described second neutral position limits the border of second range of valve needle movement between the described second and the 3rd neutral position, and when described needle is between the described second and the 3rd neutral position, the shape of described valve body and described needle is designed to provide substantially invariable pressure to descend when described fuel flows ordinatedly when passing described nozzle, thereby the mass flow rate substantially constant still is higher than the mass flow rate when described needle is between described first and second neutral positions.
27. the nozzle that Fuelinjection nozzle is passed in an adjusting enters the method for the fuel mass flow rates in the internal-combustion engine, described method comprises:
Utilize strain-type actuator directly to activate needle with the control valve needle lift, neutralize from an injection events to another injection events in the injection events process, described valve needle lift can change in response to the operation of internal combustion engine state of measuring, and described serviceability comprises engine load and rotating speed;
When the predetermined constant fuel mass flow rate of needs, the order needle moves to the position between first and second neutral positions, described first and second neutral positions are the predetermined positions between operating position and full open position, wherein said Fuelinjection nozzle is designed to when described needle is between described first and second neutral positions, and when the constant pressure of described fuel, allow constant fuel mass flow rates; With
When fuel mass flow rates that need be different with described predetermined constant fuel mass flow rates, order described needle move into place between described operating position and the full open position, but the position between described first and second neutral positions not, be designed to the form fit of wherein said needle and described valve body when described needle is between described first and second neutral positions, provide constant flow region, and wherein in described operating position, described needle is forced near valve seat, and described constant flow region is positioned at the upstream of described valve seat.
28. method as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, also comprises when the described substantially invariable mass flow rate of needs, orders described needle to the intermediate point between described first and second neutral positions.
29. method as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates is corresponding to the fuel mass flow rates that is fit to for idling or low load condition.
30. method as claimed in claim 27, it is characterized in that, described substantially invariable fuel mass flow rates is regulated by following method, promptly when described needle is between described first and second neutral positions, utilizes constant flow region to provide described nozzle interior flow restriction.
31. method as claimed in claim 27, it is characterized in that, described second neutral position is corresponding to the valve needle lift bigger than the valve needle lift in described first neutral position, and by described needle is moved towards the position of described complete opening from described second neutral position, described fuel mass flow rates can little by little increase.
32. method as claimed in claim 27, it is characterized in that, described second neutral position is corresponding to the valve needle lift bigger than the valve needle lift in described first neutral position, and described method also comprises when the needs second substantially invariable mass flow rate, with described needle order to position between described second neutral position and the 3rd neutral position, when described needle is between described first and second neutral positions, described Fuelinjection nozzle provides the flow region of first restriction, and when described needle is between the described second and the 3rd neutral position, the flow region of second restriction is provided, and the flow region of described second restriction is greater than the flow region of described first restriction.
33. method as claimed in claim 32 is characterized in that, by described needle is moved towards the position of described complete opening from described the 3rd neutral position, described fuel mass flow rates can little by little increase.
34. method as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, also comprises described fuel is directly injected to the firing chamber of described internal-combustion engine from described nozzle.
35. method as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, also comprises described fuel is introduced in the described nozzle with gaseous state.
36. method as claimed in claim 35 is characterized in that, described fuel is selected from the group that comprises following material: rock gas, methane, ethane, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), lighter flammable hydrocarbon derivative, hydrogen and their mixture.
37. method as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described strain-type actuator comprises transducer, and described transducer is selected from comprise group piezoelectricity, magnetostrictive and electrostrictive transducer.
38. method as claimed in claim 27, it is characterized in that, also comprise the control injection pulse width assisting to be controlled at the total amount of the fuel that sprays in the injection events process, thereby pulse width can change from an injection events to another injection events in response to the operation of internal combustion engine state of predetermined measurement.
39. method as claimed in claim 27, it is characterized in that, also comprise the control fueling injection pressure assisting to be controlled at the total amount of the fuel that sprays in the injection events process, thereby fueling injection pressure can change from an injection events to another injection events in response to the operation of internal combustion engine state of predetermined measurement.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002473639A CA2473639C (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2004-07-09 | Fuel injection valve |
| CA2,473,639 | 2004-07-09 | ||
| PCT/CA2005/001062 WO2006005167A1 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2005-07-08 | Fuel injection valve |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101044313A CN101044313A (en) | 2007-09-26 |
| CN101044313B true CN101044313B (en) | 2011-09-28 |
Family
ID=33426249
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005800230939A Expired - Fee Related CN101044313B (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2005-07-08 | Fuel injection valve |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1766226A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4571669B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101044313B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2473639C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006005167A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7040281B2 (en) * | 2000-10-22 | 2006-05-09 | Westport Research Inc. | Method of injecting a gaseous fuel into an internal combustion engine |
| DE102004055873A1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-05-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | fuel Injector |
| DE102006011721A1 (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2007-09-20 | Siemens Ag | Injector for controlled injection of a gaseous fuel stream into a predetermined combustion zone and associated method for controlled injection |
| EP2660461B1 (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2015-07-01 | Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Electronically controlled fuel injection valve |
| DE102011082455B4 (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2014-02-13 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for monitoring an injection quantity of a fluid and injection system for injecting an injection quantity of a fluid |
| US9605639B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2017-03-28 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fuel injector |
| DE102012212266B4 (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2015-01-22 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | fluid injector |
| DE102012212264B4 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2014-02-13 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for producing a solid state actuator |
| CN103423053A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-12-04 | 浙江展途动力科技有限公司 | Fuel injection nozzle for piezoelectric direct drive fuel injector |
| EP3702873A1 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2020-09-02 | IMI Hydronic Engineering International SA | A valve and a method of operating a valve |
| US9840994B2 (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2017-12-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Annulus nozzle injector with tangential fins |
| JP6237819B2 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-29 | 株式会社デンソー | Fuel injection control device and fuel injection system |
| KR102015582B1 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-08-28 | (주)넥스트가스이노베이션 | Combustion apparatus using direct injection for lpg |
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| US4501245A (en) * | 1983-03-25 | 1985-02-26 | Diesel Kiki Co., Ltd. | Fuel injection valve with variable lifting amount of the nozzle needle |
| US5282577A (en) * | 1990-05-30 | 1994-02-01 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Aktiengesellschaft | Cross section controlled multi-jet injection valve |
| EP0615065A1 (en) * | 1993-03-11 | 1994-09-14 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel injection apparatus |
| CN1133941A (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1996-10-23 | 罗伯特-博希股份公司 | Metering valve for metering liquids or gases |
| US6584958B2 (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2003-07-01 | Westport Research Inc. | Directly actuated injection valve with a ferromagnetic needle |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4540126A (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1985-09-10 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel injection nozzle |
| JPS6031204A (en) | 1983-08-01 | 1985-02-18 | 大東通信機株式会社 | Overcurrent protecting element |
| SE8306433L (en) * | 1983-11-22 | 1985-05-23 | Kockums Ab | CONTROL FOR EXACT CONTROL OF VALVES |
| DE19546033A1 (en) * | 1995-12-09 | 1997-06-12 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines |
| DE19755057A1 (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 1999-06-17 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection nozzle for self-igniting internal combustion engines |
| US6564777B2 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2003-05-20 | Westport Research Inc. | Directly actuated injection valve with a composite needle |
| US6575138B2 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2003-06-10 | Westport Research Inc. | Directly actuated injection valve |
| US6298829B1 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2001-10-09 | Westport Research Inc. | Directly actuated injection valve |
| JP4221898B2 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2009-02-12 | 株式会社デンソー | Fuel injection nozzle |
| DE10061571B4 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2007-03-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector |
-
2004
- 2004-07-09 CA CA002473639A patent/CA2473639C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-07-08 JP JP2007519584A patent/JP4571669B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-08 WO PCT/CA2005/001062 patent/WO2006005167A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-07-08 CN CN2005800230939A patent/CN101044313B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-08 EP EP05763563A patent/EP1766226A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4501245A (en) * | 1983-03-25 | 1985-02-26 | Diesel Kiki Co., Ltd. | Fuel injection valve with variable lifting amount of the nozzle needle |
| US5282577A (en) * | 1990-05-30 | 1994-02-01 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Aktiengesellschaft | Cross section controlled multi-jet injection valve |
| EP0615065A1 (en) * | 1993-03-11 | 1994-09-14 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel injection apparatus |
| CN1133941A (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1996-10-23 | 罗伯特-博希股份公司 | Metering valve for metering liquids or gases |
| US6584958B2 (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2003-07-01 | Westport Research Inc. | Directly actuated injection valve with a ferromagnetic needle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2006005167A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
| CN101044313A (en) | 2007-09-26 |
| JP4571669B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
| EP1766226A1 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| CA2473639A1 (en) | 2004-11-12 |
| JP2008505279A (en) | 2008-02-21 |
| CA2473639C (en) | 2006-11-14 |
| EP1766226A4 (en) | 2010-03-03 |
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