CN1010554B - 分离并回收挥发性溶剂的方法及装置 - Google Patents
分离并回收挥发性溶剂的方法及装置Info
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000013527 degreasing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
- B01D2253/108—Zeolites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/704—Solvents not covered by groups B01D2257/702 - B01D2257/7027
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/80—Water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/402—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using two beds
Abstract
从含有水蒸汽的排放空气中分离并回收挥发性溶剂的方法与装置,据此,排放空气首先通过只吸附水蒸汽的分子筛填料,接着再通过只吸附溶剂蒸汽的分子筛填料。靠加热来再生分子筛填料,用此方式可回收到不含水的溶剂。
Description
本发明涉及从含有水蒸气的排放空气中分离并回收挥发性溶剂的方法与装置,排放空气来自干洗机、金属表面去油设备、电子线路板清洗设备、溶剂浴以及类似设备。在此方法与装置中,排放空气通过可再生分子筛,然后再排放到大气中去。
已经有人提出过此类方法和相应的装置。然而事实表明,溶剂回收有一定困难,至少是代价太高,因为排放空气中所含的水蒸气会和溶剂蒸气一起凝结出来,所以还需使冷凝物脱去其中的水蒸气。
因此,本发明的任务就是改进所引用的方法和装置,使该装置在实施此方法时是经济的,并且不仅能将水蒸气和溶剂蒸气有效地分离,回收到的溶剂还不含水。
根据本发明的解决方案,其特征在于排放空气通过可以再生的分子筛,然后再排放到大气中去,其中,排放空气先通过只吸附水蒸气的分子筛填料,接着通过只吸附溶剂蒸气的分子筛填料,并且两种分子筛填料相互独立地用空气或惰性气体加以再生,专门吸附水蒸气的分子筛填料在大气下再生,专门吸附溶剂的分子筛填料在密闭回路中再生,密闭回路中的溶剂蒸气在冷凝器中被凝凝,然后收集再返回复用。为此,在所有情况下都采用了吸附水蒸气的分子筛填料和吸附溶剂蒸气的分子筛填料,这两种填料装填在分开的解吸回路中。
本方法的最大优点是依此能回收实际上不含水分的溶剂。实施本方法的装置其特征在于该装置包括至少有一对装有吸附水蒸气的分子筛填料(14,21)的容器(13,20),至少有另一对装
有吸收溶剂的分子筛填料(43,60)的容器(42,59),一个热交换器(17)及一台送风机(38),热交换器(17)与送风机(38)相连,一方面,吸收水蒸气的分子筛容器(13,20)通过阀门(15,22)与排放管(16,23)相连,另一方面,通过管道(39,40,47)及可关闭阀(41,48)与吸收溶剂的分子筛容器(42,59)相连。
在附图中以单张图表示的流程示意图说明了根据本发明进行连续操作的装置的实施例。
在图示的装置中,既含有剩余溶剂(溶剂蒸气)又含有湿气(水蒸气)的排放气体用管道10加以输送。管道10分为两路,一个支路11通过阀门12接在吸附器13上,在吸附器13内装有已知的水蒸气吸附型(如3A型)的分子筛填料14。水蒸气由下至上穿过分子筛填料14,由此空气湿度被滤除到露点最大为-80℃,含在排放气体中的溶剂蒸气不被明显吸附。去除了湿气的排放气体经阀门15和管道16进入热交换器17,在这里释放掉它的吸收热,被冷却到约+5至+20℃。
从所述排放气体管道10分开部位分出的第二条管道18通过阀门19接在第二个吸附器20上,其中装有分子筛填料21。吸附器20和分子筛填料21与吸附器13及分子筛填料14相同。从吸附器20通过阀门22经管道23通向热交换器17,这类似于上面所述管道16的情形。当吸附器13在吸收时(阀门12和15打开),先前已吸收过的吸附器20在再生,它的阀门19和22是关闭的。为此,用送风机24将空气、惰性气体或纯化气体从大气、惰性气体源或排气管道46经过管道25及过滤器26抽送到加热器27。
空气或惰性气体或纯化气体在加热器被直接加热(电加热)或间接加热(蒸气或热油)到100至200℃的温度。然后热气流经管
道28及一打开的阀门29进入吸附器20,从上至下通过分子筛填料。用这种方式将吸附在填料21中的水排除,水蒸气经过阀门30及管道31进入排放管32,排入大气。在分子筛填料21再生之后,关闭加热器27,引入纯化气体将分子筛填料21吹冷,例如可以从管道46引入冷却空气到送风机24。
在完成了对分子筛填料21的再生和冷却之后,吸附器13和20进行切换,亦即将分子筛填料14进行再生,而使分子筛填料21进行吸附。为了再生过程,类似于吸附器20,有管道33和阀门34从加热器27通向吸附器13,同样有管道35和阀门36通向排放管32。
排放气体在经过两个分子筛填料层之一吸收湿气并经热交换器17冷却之后,通过管道37由送风机38通过管道39送至第二对吸附器。排放气体可以通过支管40和阀门41进入一个吸附器42,其中装有分子筛填料43。分子筛填料43是已知类型的(如3X型或硅胶或氧化铝或分子筛焦炭),应选择能吸附排放气体中所含溶剂蒸气的。排放气体从下至上穿过分子筛填料,其中溶剂蒸气被脱除,再通过阀门44及管道45进入排放管46,由此将既无湿气又无溶剂蒸气的排放气体排入大气。
当然,取决于阀门的开闭状态,也可能将排放气体用送风机38经由管道39通过分管47及阀门48进入吸附器59,其中装有分子筛填料60。吸附器59及填料60与吸附器42及填料43相同。通过阀门61及管道62,排放气体亦可从吸附器59到达提到的排放管46。
当吸附器42进行吸附时,吸附器59被再生。为此送风机63将空气或惰性气体送到闭合回路中的加热器64。在这个加热器64
内将空气或惰性气体直接(电加热)或间接(蒸气或热油)加热到温度在40℃与250℃之间。加热过的气体通过管路65和阀门66进入吸收器59,由上至下通过分子筛填料60,将前一吸附过程吸附的溶剂排除。然后溶剂蒸气沿阀门67和管道68送入冷凝器69,在这里溶剂蒸气被冷却到绝大部分的溶剂蒸汽被液化。根据溶剂或溶剂混合物的露点不同,冷凝器69用冷水(约20℃)、盐水(约-20℃至+5℃)或冷却剂(约-40℃至-20℃)进行冷却。在液滴分离器70内液态溶剂从循环气体中分离出来,流入溶剂槽71。由此将其用泵72送回溶剂罐(图中未画出)。基本不含溶剂蒸气的循环空气再通过管道73进入送风机63的吸入端,返回进入回路中。
在经过1到50小时的期间后,关闭送风机63和加热器64,终止加热状态。在接着的冷却状态过程中,送风机38将冷排放气体通过管道39和47以及阀门48吹入吸收器59,再由下至上通过分子筛填料60(在这步操作中阀67关闭)。冷的排放气体冷却了分子筛,然后通过阀门66从吸附器排走(在此操作期间阀门61关闭)。被加热的排放气体经过管道65流经关停的加热器64和关停的送风机63,并经过管道73和液滴分离器70进入冷凝器69。这里排放气体被冷却并通过管道73a及管道74,还有阀门75进入吸收器42。在这个过程中阀门41被关闭。排放气体向上穿过分子筛43,在冷却分子筛60的过程中,分子筛43仍然工作在吸附状态。在吸附器42的顶部,排放气体通过阀门44进入管道45和46并逸入大气中。吸附器顶部另一阀门76在这段时间内被关闭,此阀安装在管线77中,该管线则与管道65以及加热器排出口相连。
经过1至3小时后,吸附器的冷却状态结束,因此可以将吸附操作从吸附器42切换到吸附器59。在吸附器59进行吸收期间,吸附器42被相应地进行再生处理。
可以采用硅胶、氧化铝或分子筛焦炭做为分子筛填料以代替沸石。
因此,就应用来说,可以被理解为作用相同的工作物料,如分子筛焦炭以及用来与水蒸气结合的硅胶也可当做分子筛来使用。
分子筛填料(14、21、43、60)是由1-10毫米的球形或园柱形颗粒构成。
Claims (9)
1、从含有水蒸气的排放空气中分离并回收挥发性溶剂的方法,所说排放空气来自干洗机、金属表面去油装置、电子线路板清洗设备、溶剂浴以及类似设备,在此方法中,排放空气通过可以再生的分子筛,然后再排放到大气中去,其中,排放空气先通过只吸附水蒸气的分子筛填料,接着通过只吸附溶剂蒸气的分子筛填料,并且两种分子筛填料相互独立地用空气或惰性气体加以再生,专门吸附水蒸气的分子筛填料在大气下再生,专门吸附溶剂的分子筛填料在密闭回路中再生,密闭回路中的溶剂蒸气在冷凝热交换器中被冷凝,然后收集再返回复用。
2、按照权利要求1的方法,还包括进行连续操作,其中排放空气交替通过两个并联切换的分子筛填料,其中一个分子筛填料在某一时刻处于吸收状态,另一个则处于解吸状态。
3、按照权利要求1或2的方法,其中处于解吸状态的分子筛填料被热空气或热惰性气体加热,加热时气体通过的方向与加料时排放空气流入的方向相反。
4、按照权利要求1或2的方法,其中在解吸状态之后,将冷却空气或冷却惰性气体通过分子筛填料,通过方向与排放空气在加料状态下的流动方向相同。
5、实施权利要求1至4的方法的带有可再生分子筛清洗步骤的装置,该装置包括至少有一对装有吸附水蒸气的分子筛填料(14,21)的容器(13,20),至少有另一对装有吸附溶剂的分子筛填料(43,60)的容器(42,59),一个热交换器(17)及一台送风机(38),热交换器(17)与送风机(38)相连,一方面,吸附水蒸气的分子筛容器(13,20)通过阀门(15,22)与排放管(16,23)相连,另一方面通过管道(39,40,47)及可关闭阀(41,48)与吸附溶剂的分子筛容器(42,59)相连。
6、按照权利要求5的装置,其中吸附溶剂的分子筛容器(42,59)由管道(68,73a,74)所连接,这些管道可用阀(67,75)与冷凝器(69)的联结点隔离开,冷凝器则依次与液滴分离器(70)相连,后者再与溶剂罐(71)连接。
7、按照权利要求5的装置,其中分子筛填料(14,21,43,60)是由1至10毫米的球形或圆柱形颗粒构成。
8、按照权利要求5的装置,其中,每一个吸附水蒸气的分子筛容器(13,20)都具有两支带有关闭阀(15,36;22,30)的排放管道(16,35;23,31),在所有情况下,一支管道(16,23)通往吸附溶剂的分子筛容器(42,59),另一支管道(35,31)则通往大气,并且每一个吸附溶剂蒸气的分子筛容器(42,59)都具有两支带有关闭阀(44,75;61,67)的排放管道(45,74;62,68),在所有情况下,一支管道(45,62)通往大气;另一支管道(74,68)通往冷凝器(69)。
9、按照权利要求5至8中任一项的装置,其中有一台送风机(24)被接在连有吸附水蒸气的分子筛吸收器(13,20)和加热器(27)的管道上,另有一台送风机(63)则接在循环回路管线上,该回路管线上接有吸附溶剂的分子筛容器(42,59),一个加热器(64),冷凝器(69)以及液滴分离器(70)。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP86112786A EP0215472B1 (de) | 1985-09-18 | 1986-09-16 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abscheiden und Rückgewinnen von flüchtigen Lösungsmitteln |
EP86112786.8 | 1986-09-16 | ||
DE86112786.8 | 1986-09-16 |
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CN87106299A CN87106299A (zh) | 1988-04-13 |
CN1010554B true CN1010554B (zh) | 1990-11-28 |
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CN87106299A Expired CN1010554B (zh) | 1986-09-16 | 1987-09-15 | 分离并回收挥发性溶剂的方法及装置 |
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US (1) | US4846852A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0260481B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPS63147517A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1010554B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU587145B2 (zh) |
GR (1) | GR3001990T3 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA876348B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (48)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5064447A (en) * | 1976-11-19 | 1991-11-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for recovering organic vapors from air |
US5110328A (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1992-05-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Solvent adsorber and solvent recovery system |
SE466292B (sv) * | 1989-10-12 | 1992-01-27 | Jan Andersson | Foerfarande och anordning foer att avskilja ett eller flera aemnen fraan gaser |
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-
1987
- 1987-08-24 EP EP87112265A patent/EP0260481B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-08-26 ZA ZA876348A patent/ZA876348B/xx unknown
- 1987-09-11 AU AU78321/87A patent/AU587145B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-09-14 US US07/096,675 patent/US4846852A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-09-15 CN CN87106299A patent/CN1010554B/zh not_active Expired
- 1987-09-16 JP JP62229944A patent/JPS63147517A/ja active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-05-22 GR GR91400667T patent/GR3001990T3/el unknown
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US4846852A (en) | 1989-07-11 |
GR3001990T3 (en) | 1992-11-23 |
EP0260481A3 (en) | 1988-07-27 |
AU587145B2 (en) | 1989-08-03 |
JPS63147517A (ja) | 1988-06-20 |
AU7832187A (en) | 1988-03-24 |
EP0260481A2 (de) | 1988-03-23 |
ZA876348B (en) | 1988-07-27 |
CN87106299A (zh) | 1988-04-13 |
EP0260481B1 (de) | 1991-04-17 |
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