CN101068076A - Method and circuit for realizing multi-section serial secondary battery protection with unit management - Google Patents

Method and circuit for realizing multi-section serial secondary battery protection with unit management Download PDF

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CN101068076A
CN101068076A CN 200610127366 CN200610127366A CN101068076A CN 101068076 A CN101068076 A CN 101068076A CN 200610127366 CN200610127366 CN 200610127366 CN 200610127366 A CN200610127366 A CN 200610127366A CN 101068076 A CN101068076 A CN 101068076A
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signal
logical value
safety governor
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battery
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CN100461585C (en
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李鹏
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Abstract

This invention discloses a method for realizing charge and discharge protection of multiple serial secondary cell sets with unit management including the following steps: dividing cell units, monitoring voltage and temperature of the cell to take measures to protect it when the voltage, temperature and current exceed the safety limit. This invention also discloses a circuit realizing protection to multiple serial secondary cell sets including a cell state monitor module, a signal coupler, a logic control circuit, an overload detector and a safety controller.

Description

Realize the method and the circuit of multiple serial secondary cell sets protection with Single Component Management
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and circuit of secondary battery protection, particularly a kind of method and circuit of realizing the multiple serial secondary cell sets protection with Single Component Management.
Background technology
The power management techniques that with the battery cell is power supply source is fairly perfect, but battery pack is had any different in the additional features of secondary cell monomer.In view of present design and manufacturing technology level, the performance difference between the secondary cell monomer is outwardness always.In the whole operating period of battery pack, the difference of the individuality in the secondary battery at aspects such as voltage, capacity, internal resistances not only can not be tending towards disappearing, and can tend to become big on the contrary.With the secondary battery capacity is example, in series battery, and charge and discharge electric current of a size, the battery individuality that capacity is bigger always is in less multiplying power current charges or discharge, and its capacity attenuation is slower, and the life-span is longer.And the relatively little person's of capacity individuality always is in big multiplying power current charges or discharge, and capacity attenuation is very fast, the life-span is shorter, and through all after dates of a plurality of charge and discharge, each battery difference on performance parameter in the battery pack is increasing, forms the positive feedback characteristic.The aggravation of these differences causes in the battery pack individual cell to overcharge and cross putting, put in case individual cell overcharges and crosses easily, and this batteries will be scrapped very soon.And the battery individuality of low capacity lost efficacy in advance and directly caused the battery pack lost of life.According to the wooden barrel principle, the life-span that it has been generally acknowledged that battery pack is the reckling in each cell life-span.
Overcharging, cross the problem of putting in order to solve battery pack, generally all is to reach the purpose of protection battery pack by the cell in the protection battery pack.
Publication number is CN1655416A, and name is called the application for a patent for invention of " guard method of multisection lithium battery series battery and circuit thereof ", discloses a kind ofly to connect a voltage detection module and protective circuit for every batteries in the lithium ion battery group.This method stems from single-unit lithium ion battery (being called for short lithium) guard method, and this has solved the problem of battery pack super-charge super-discharge to a certain extent, but this method has significant limitation:
Adopt the protective circuit of this method, generally all adopt the method for protected battery cell from the body power supply.Only the terminal voltage of lithium battery monomer surpasses 3.3V at present.And single-unit ni-mh, NI-G voltage have only about 1.2V, and lead accumulator also has only 2V.Even if lithium ion battery; battery cell is when its discharge termination, and voltage can be lower than 3V, if make voltage detection module and protective circuit energy operate as normal; the little power consumption components and parts that just must employing can under low-voltage, work, like this since the cost of voltage detection module and protective circuit just very high.
Also to exceed 1.2V a lot of for the operating voltage of the components and parts that can work under low-voltage at present, so for the secondary cell of nickel series, circuit is realized relatively difficulty, just has been not only the cost problem.
For the lead accumulator group, voltage detection module and protective circuit cost are too high will to lose Practical significance.At present a lot of lead accumulator multi-section serials are made integral body, do not have the form of single-unit, press detection module and protective circuit can not be applied on these lead accumulator groups for every batteries connects.
With the battery pack of this guard method, when the voltage of battery pack is high more, series connected battery is also many more, and the cost of protective circuit also increases sharply, and the effect of protection sharply descends.
The protective circuit of single battery normally is serially connected in the circuit, and a plurality of protective circuit serial connections have increased battery pack output impedance.Because protective circuit is to be cascaded,, will have influence on whole use as long as individual circuits lost efficacy.The number of series connection more for a long time, protective circuit also correspondingly increases, the out of order possibility of circuit is also increasing.Exactly because like this, will realize better protection to battery pack with existing technology, the series connected battery number can not be too many in the battery pack.
For chargeable lithium battery, it is not enough that voltage detection module is only arranged in the charge management circuit.Experiment shows: the single-unit lithium battery is charging on the safe voltage in limited time, has only charged into about 70% electric energy.Charging latter stage, take constant voltage charge, if after being full of, charge circuit is not disconnected, also can cause over-charge of lithium battery, the useful life of infringement lithium battery even charging current is very little.Overcharge if the lithium battery group is full of and prevents, except detecting, the control charging voltage, must be able to detecting, control charging current.
Therefore connect a voltage detection module for each batteries and protective circuit has very big limitation.
For the battery pack that constitutes through polyphone by tens, up to a hundred secondary cell monomers, because the difference of secondary cell individuality is objective reality always, be difficult in certain cost prevent effectively that with present existing technology it from overcharging and putting excessively, this has just limited the application of secondary battery.
Summary of the invention
Be difficult in certain cost prevent effectively that in order to solve battery pack from overcharging and putting excessively; make the problem of very fast reduction of battery pack life-span; the present invention proposes a kind of method with Single Component Management series battery is realized protection; because each unit all is separate; the effect of protection can't significantly degenerate with the increase of series-connected cell number; even series connected battery number more (hundreds of joints, even thousands of joint) in the battery pack also can be realized protection preferably.
The present invention realizes by following scheme: a kind of method with the protection of Single Component Management realization multiple serial secondary cell sets comprises the steps:
(1) divides battery unit;
(2) connect a battery status monitoring module for each battery unit; In the batteries charging stage, the battery status monitoring module is monitored voltage, temperature, the electric current of battery unit; In the battery power discharge stage, the battery status monitoring modular is monitored voltage, temperature, the electric current of battery unit, produces one group of signal relevant with the state of battery unit charge and discharge:
Signal A: cell voltage is arranged greater than the upper safety limit value in the battery unit, the logical value of signal A is true; For lithium ion battery, the higher limit of safe voltage is generally 4.2V, for Ni-MH battery, be generally 1.5V, nickel-cadmium cell is 1.6V, lead accumulator because of factors such as concentration of electrolyte, chemical synthesis technologies, voltage differences is bigger, and the safe voltage higher limit will be determined according to the explanation of battery producer.
Signal B: cell voltage is arranged less than the lower safety limit value in the battery unit, the logical value of signal B is true; For lithium ion battery, the higher limit of safe voltage is generally 3V, is generally 1.0V for Ni-MH battery, nickel-cadmium cell is 1.0V, lead accumulator because of factors such as concentration of electrolyte, chemical synthesis technologies, voltage differences is bigger, the safe voltage lower limit will be determined according to producer explanation.
Signal C: the temperature of battery unit is greater than the upper safety limit value, and the logical value of signal C is true;
Signal D: the temperature of battery unit is less than the lower safety limit value, and the logical value of signal D is true;
The logical value of signal needn't have definite relation with level, electric current, can be true with the high level presentation logic, and also available low level presentation logic is true, perhaps represents with all attainable forms such as electric currents;
For m battery unit, the signal of m battery status monitoring modular generation is respectively A 1, A 2A m, B 1, B 2B m, C 1, C 2C m, D 1, D 2D m
(3) output signal of each battery status monitoring modular is sent to logic controller by m signal coupler:
Signal A 0Value obtain by the logic OR computing, promptly A 0 = Σ k = 1 m A k ;
Signal B 0Value obtain by the logic OR computing, promptly B 0 = Σ k = 1 m B k ;
Signal C 0Value obtain by the logic OR computing, promptly C 0 = Σ k = 1 m C k ;
Signal D 0Value obtain by the logic OR computing, promptly D 0 = Σ k = 1 m D k ;
(4) overload detection detects overload situations, and signal E, F are produced by overload detection and output respectively:
In charging process, overload detection detects the charging overload, and the value of signal E is a logical truth;
In discharge process, overload detection detects the discharge overload, and the value of signal F is a logical truth;
(5) in charging process: as signal A 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit until signal A 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t1 second, and the t1 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal C 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit until signal C 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t2 second, and the t2 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal B 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal B 0Logical value is false;
As signal D 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal D 0Logical value is false;
When the logical value of signal E is true, to safety governor output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t4 second until signal E logical value that safety governor disconnects charging circuit, and the t4 span is 0 +~+∞;
(6) in discharge process: as signal B 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P3, safety governor disconnects discharge circuit until signal B 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t5 second, and the t5 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal C 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P3, safety governor disconnects discharge circuit until signal C 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t6 second, and the t6 span is 0 +~+∞;
Signal D 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P3, safety governor disconnects discharge circuit until signal D 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t7 second, and the t7 span is 0 +~+∞;
When the logical value of signal F is true, to safety governor output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t8 second until signal F logical value that safety governor disconnects discharge circuit, and the t8 span is 0 +~+∞.
In the described step 1, the method for dividing battery unit is: according to the number N of polyphone battery i(i=1,2 ... m) the S batteries is divided into into m battery unit through the secondary battery that polyphone forms, the number of series connection is N in the battery unit 1, N 2N m, this division is satisfied:
A. every batteries must belong to certain unit at least in the battery pack;
B. the electrode that has at least of the battery in the unit is that electrode with other battery of this unit links;
C. any two battery units in the battery pack exist at least one batteries not belong to the another one battery unit separately;
d.0<N i≤S(i=1、2……m);
E. the division of unit does not change the coupled situation of battery pack.
In the described step 5, in charging process, make charging reach better effect for cooperating charging circuit, can be according to the secondary cell type that constitutes battery pack and the difference of charging modes, the logic of logic controller can be different:
A. for constant current pressure limiting charging (constant current pressure limiting charging is commonly used to lithium ion cell charging), in the batteries charging process, the battery status monitoring modular is also monitored charging current except voltage, the temperature of monitoring battery unit, produces signal G:
The charging current of battery unit is smaller or equal to I LThe time, signal G logical value is true; (for some pressure limiting mise-a-la-masse methods, the charging latter stage, when charging current less than I LDuring value, promptly think to be full of).
With A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0Similar, G 0The value of signal is obtained by the computing of signal coupler logic OR, promptly G 0 = Σ k = 1 m G k ;
In the charging process: as signal A 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit until signal A 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t1 second, and the t1 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal C 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit, be t2 second opening time, the t2 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal B 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal B 0Logical value is false;
As signal D 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal D 0Logical value is false;
As signal G 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit, be t3 second opening time, the t3 value is+∞;
When the logical value of signal E is true, to safety governor output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t4 second until signal E logical value that safety governor disconnects charging circuit, and the t4 span is 0 +~+∞.
B. for constant current charge (the constant current charge method is usually used in the charging to ni-mh, nickel-cadmium cell, lead accumulator), in charging process:
As signal A 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit until signal A 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t1 second, and the t1 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal B 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal B 0Logical value is false;
As signal D 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal D 0Logical value is false;
As signal C 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit, be t2 second opening time, the value of t2 is+∞;
When the logical value of signal E is true, to safety governor output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t4 second until signal E logical value that safety governor disconnects charging circuit, and the t4 span is 0 +~+∞.
C. in the batteries charging process, the battery status monitoring modular is also monitored charging current except voltage, the temperature of monitoring battery unit, produces signal G for three stages of constant current constant voltage charging (charging of three stages of constant current constant voltage is usually used in the charging to lead accumulator):
The charging current of battery unit is smaller or equal to I LThe time, signal G logical value is true;
With A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0Similar, G 0The value of signal is obtained by the computing of signal coupler logic OR, promptly G 0 = Σ k = 1 m G k ;
In the charging process: as signal A 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit until signal A 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t1 second, and the t1 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal C 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit, be t2 second opening time, the t2 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal D 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal D 0Logical value is false.
In the charging process, as signal G 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P4, safety governor is selected the trickle charge shelves.
In charging process, when the logical value of signal E is true, to charge controller output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t4 second until signal E logical value that charge controller disconnects charging circuit, and the t4 span is 0 +~+∞.
A kind of circuit of realizing the multiple serial secondary cell sets protection with Single Component Management, comprise battery status monitoring modular, signal coupler, logic control circuit, overload detection, safety governor, wherein said battery status monitoring modular comprises voltage monitor and temperature monitoring, voltage monitor detects the voltage of corresponding battery unit, and temperature monitoring detects the temperature of corresponding battery unit; The battery status monitoring modular connects signal coupler, and detection signal is exported to signal coupler; Signal coupler connects logic controller, and signal is sent to logic controller; Overload detection connects logic controller or safety governor, output overloading signal; Logic controller attachment security controller; Safety governor connects charge power supply (can be external) or electrical appliance, and according to the control signal of input, the task of protecting battery pack is finished in control and the break-make that charge power supply or electrical appliance are connected.
The battery status monitoring modular can also comprise the pressure limiting work current surveying machine, the pressure limiting work current surveying machine connects the battery unit two ends, and connection voltage monitor, receive voltage monitor greater than the upper voltage limit signal, charging current is shunted, and when the charging current of output battery unit during smaller or equal to IL, output signal is to signal coupler.In charging process, when the voltage of battery unit reaches upper voltage limit, voltage monitor is to pressure limiting work current surveying machine output voltage signal, and the pressure limiting work current surveying machine is shunted to reduce to flow through the charging current of battery unit the charging current of the battery unit of flowing through, and the voltage of control battery unit no longer raises; Pressure limiting this moment work current surveying machine also plays the effect of charge balancing.When the electric current that flows through the pressure limiting work current surveying machine reaches critical value then to charged state arbiter output voltage signal.
Overload detection can comprise charging overload detection and discharge overload monitor.
Charge power supply can be external, can select constant current, many grades of constant currents, constant voltage, constant current pressure limiting power supply according to actual needs.
The present invention has realized with the method for Single Component Management series battery being realized protection; because each unit all is separate; the effect of protection can't significantly degenerate with the increase of series-connected cell number; even more (the hundreds of joints of series connected battery number in the battery pack; even thousands of joints), also can realize better protect.The battery pack that constitutes with Ni-MH battery, nickel-cadmium cell, lead accumulator, lithium battery all there is the better protect effect.Certain specification single-unit Ni-MH battery is in the charge and discharge test, and battery capacity decays to 75% o'clock of nominal capacity, charges and discharge number of times above 1000 times.With the battery cell that these specification Ni-MH battery 30 joint series connection constitute, under experiment condition, all no abnormal situation of battery set charge/discharge process occurs.Reach under 550 times the situation when charging and discharging number of times, battery capacity is still at more than 85% of nominal capacity.When battery capacity drops to nominal value 80%, discharge and recharge number of times and surpass 750 times, and do not have the situation of battery damage, battery pack still can be used.On year-on-year basis under the situation, considerably beyond the prior art condition next, charge and discharge life-span of 200 times.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1~Fig. 6 is that battery unit of the present invention is divided schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is a structured flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is an another kind of structured flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 9, the 10th, the formation schematic diagram of voltage monitor of the present invention;
Figure 11 is that N of the present invention is that 2 lithium cells is drawn the end points schematic diagram;
Figure 12~14th, the present invention is used for the voltage monitor schematic diagram that N is 2 lithium cells;
Figure 15, the 16th, temperature monitoring schematic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 17 is a signal coupler schematic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 18 is an overload detection schematic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 19 is an another kind of structured flowchart of the present invention;
Figure 20 is a pressure limiting work current surveying machine schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in more detail.
The present invention realizes the method that multiple serial secondary cell sets is protected with Single Component Management, the steps include:
One, according to the polyphone battery number N i(i=1,2 ... m) the S batteries is divided into into m battery unit through the secondary battery that polyphone forms, the number of series connection is N in the battery unit 1, N 2N m
Following feature is satisfied in this division:
Every batteries must belong to certain unit at least in a, the battery pack;
The electrode that has at least of the battery in b, the unit is that electrode with other battery of this unit links;
Any two battery units in c, the battery pack exist at least one batteries not belong to the another one battery unit separately.
d、0<N i≤S(i=1、2……m)
The division of e, unit does not change the coupled situation of battery pack.
Not not for simplicity, common desirable N=N 1=N 2=...=N mAs shown in Figure 1.
Obtain the merchant if I is S divided by m, J is a remainder.When J was 0, promptly S can be divided exactly by m, and whole battery group is divided into m series connected battery unit.Fig. 1 be exactly N be 4, J is 0 situation.
When S can not be divided exactly by m, J under 0 situation, can take following several method:
A, keep m and N does not change, battery unit can be carried out overlap-add procedure, promptly the individual cell monomer can belong to two adjacent battery units simultaneously.
B, adjustment m make it to divide exactly S, also promptly adjust N.
C, to keep m constant, adjusts N 1, N 2..., N mValue, promptly adopt uneven unit.
Fig. 2~6th is respectively 1,2,3 as J, and N is under 4 the situation, the dividing condition of battery unit.In actual applications, more implementation can be arranged.
Two, connect a battery management module for each battery unit.In the batteries charging stage, battery management module is monitored voltage, temperature and the charging current of battery unit.In the battery power discharge stage, battery management module is monitored voltage, the temperature of battery unit.Produce one group of signal relevant with the state of battery unit charge and discharge.
Signal A: cell voltage is arranged greater than the upper safety limit value in the battery unit, the logical value of signal A is true.
Signal B: cell voltage is arranged less than the lower safety limit value in the battery unit, the logical value of signal B is true.
Signal C: the temperature of battery unit is greater than the upper safety limit value, and the logical value of signal C is true.
Signal D: the temperature of battery unit is less than the lower safety limit value, and the logical value of signal D is true.
Indicate: the logical value of signal needn't have definite relation with level, electric current.Can be true with the high level presentation logic, also available low level presentation logic is true, perhaps represents with all attainable forms such as electric currents.
For m battery unit, the signal of m battery management module generation is respectively A 1, A 2A m, B 1, B 2B m, C 1, C 2C m, D 1, D 2D m
Three, the output signal of each battery management module is sent to logic controller by m signal coupler.
Signal A 0Value obtain by the logic OR computing, promptly A 0 = Σ k = 1 m A k ;
Signal B 0Value obtain by the logic OR computing, promptly B 0 = Σ k = 1 m B k ;
Signal C 0Value obtain by the logic OR computing, promptly C 0 = Σ k = 1 m C k ;
Signal D 0Value obtain by the logic OR computing, promptly D 0 = Σ k = 1 m D k .
Four, signal E, F are produced by overload detection and output respectively.
In charging process, overload detection detects overload situations, and the value of signal E is a logical truth.
In discharge process, overload detection detects overload situations, and the value of signal F is a logical truth.
Five, in the method, just judge that when following situation occurring battery pack is in abnormal state of affairs.
A, in the charge and discharge process, A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0Result through the logic OR computing is a logical truth;
B, in charging process, overload detection produces, charging overload signal E, logical value is true;
C, overload detection produces discharge overload signal F in discharge process, and logical value is true;
Six, the state when battery pack is in abnormal state, and the corresponding protection measure is started by logical signal.
The determination methods of this method is:
1, in the charging process, as signal A 0Logical value be true, to charge controller output signal P1, charge controller disconnects charging circuit until signal A 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t1 second, and the t1 span is 0 +~+∞.
2, in the charging process, as signal C 0Logical value be true, to charge controller output signal P1, charge controller disconnects charging circuit until signal C 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t2 second, and the t2 span is 0 +~+∞.
3, in the charging process, as signal B 0Logical value be true, to charge controller output signal P2, charge controller is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal B 0Logical value is false.
4, in the charging process, as signal D 0Logical value be true, to charge controller output signal P2, charge controller is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal D 0Logical value is false.
5, in charging process, when the logical value of signal E is true, to charge controller output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t4 second until signal E logical value that charge controller disconnects charging circuit, and the t4 span is 0 +~+∞.
6, in the discharge process, as signal B 0Logical value be true, to discharge controller output signal P3, discharge controller disconnects discharge circuit until signal B 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t5 second, and the t5 span is 0 +~+∞.
7, in the discharge process, as signal C 0Logical value be true, to discharge controller output signal P3, discharge controller disconnects discharge circuit until signal C 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t6 second, and the t6 span is 0 +~+∞.
8, in the discharge process, signal D 0Logical value be true, to discharge controller output signal P3, discharge controller disconnects discharge circuit until signal D 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t7 second, and the t7 span is 0 +~+∞.
9, overload detection produces discharge overload signal F in the discharge process, and to discharge controller output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t8 second until signal F logical value that discharge controller disconnects discharge circuit, and the t8 span is 0 +~+∞.
Because guard method of the present invention is to judge according to electric current, voltage, temperature whether the battery in the battery pack is in normal, safe state, overcharges and discharge to prevent individual cell in the battery pack.This protection does not rely on concrete charge and discharge method, but is independent of outside the charge and discharge circuit, so existing in principle, as to be applied to battery pack charge and discharge mode, this method all can realize protection.
This guard method is controlled charge circuit by charge controller, by discharge controller control discharge loop.Charge controller and discharge controller are separate, and battery pack is at when charging charging current discharge controller of needn't flowing through.Battery pack is at when discharge discharging current charge controller of needn't flowing through.
As shown in Figure 7, of the present invention a kind of with Single Component Management realization multiple serial secondary cell sets protective circuit, comprise battery status monitoring modular, signal coupler, logic control circuit, overload detection, safety governor, wherein said battery status monitoring modular comprises voltage monitor and temperature monitoring, voltage monitor detects the voltage of corresponding battery unit, and temperature monitoring detects the temperature of corresponding battery unit; The battery status monitoring modular connects signal coupler, and detection signal is exported to signal coupler; Signal coupler connects logic controller, and signal is sent to logic controller; Overload detection connects logic controller or safety governor, output overloading signal; Logic controller attachment security controller; Safety governor connects charge power supply (can be external) or electrical appliance, and according to the control signal of input, the task of protecting battery pack is finished in control and the break-make that charge power supply or electrical appliance are connected.
In actual applications, concrete condition is different, and the form of realization can have multiple variation, but the method and the principle of protection are identical at root.Fig. 8 is another kind of way of realization.
As described in Figure 9, be the schematic diagram of voltage monitor, voltage monitor can be made of one group of voltage comparator, is used to detect the voltage of battery unit.In charging and discharge process, when the voltage of battery unit reaches predefined critical value, output voltage signal.Because single-unit Ni-MH battery, nickel-cadmium cell, lead accumulator voltage differences are bigger, needn't monitor the safe voltage upper and lower limit that every economize on electricity is pressed in actual applications.Only need the voltage of monitoring battery unit to get final product.The average safe voltage upper limit value and lower limit value of single-unit be multiply by serial number just obtains battery unit safe voltage upper limit value and lower limit value in the unit.Side a and b is connected respectively to the positive and negative electrode of battery unit.A terminating resistor R1, R4, B terminating resistor R3 and reference voltage D1, connecting resistance R2 between resistance R 1 and the R3; The positive input of voltage comparator A1 is connected between resistance R 1 and the R2, between inverting input connecting resistance R4 and the reference voltage U1, and is connected on the positive input of voltage comparator A2, and the inverting input of voltage comparator A2 is connected between resistance R 2 and the R3.Voltage comparator A1 is used for monitoring the upper voltage limit of the voltage of battery unit; When the voltage of battery unit reaches on the safe voltage in limited time, high level signal is from the output of C end.Voltage comparator A2 is used for monitoring the lower voltage limit of the voltage of battery unit; When the voltage of battery unit reaches under the safe voltage in limited time, high level signal is from the output of D end.
Voltage monitor can have the different forms of the composition, reaches on the safe voltage in limited time output signal as long as reach voltage when battery unit; When the voltage of battery unit reaches under the safe voltage in limited time, output signal gets final product.As shown in figure 10, be the form of the composition of another kind of voltage monitor.Side a and b is connected respectively to the positive and negative electrode of battery unit.A terminating resistor R5, R6, R7, B terminating resistor R8, reference voltage D2, reference voltage D3; The positive input of voltage comparator A3 is connected between resistance R 5 and the reference voltage D2, between inverting input connecting resistance R7 and the R8, and be connected on the positive input of voltage comparator A4, the inverting input of voltage comparator A2 is connected between resistance R 6 and the reference voltage D3.Voltage comparator A3 is used for monitoring the upper voltage limit of the voltage of battery unit; When the voltage of battery unit reaches on the safe voltage in limited time, high level signal is from the output of C end.Voltage comparator A4 is used for monitoring the lower voltage limit of the voltage of battery unit; When the voltage of battery unit reaches under the safe voltage in limited time, high level signal is from the output of D end.
For the lithium battery group, the precision of voltage monitor voltage monitoring is had relatively high expectations relatively, and is unsuitable excessive for realizing monitoring N accurately.For the lithium cells that for N is 2, as Figure 11, not only monitor battery unit ends A, B voltage, also monitor the voltage of intermediate point M.
Figure 12~14 are for can be used for the voltage monitor that N is 2 lithium electric unit.Voltage monitor A, M, B connect with A, M, the B of lithium electric unit respectively.In charging process, A, when the M terminal voltage reaches the safe voltage upper limit, C end output high level signal, as M, when the B terminal voltage reaches the safe voltage upper limit, C ' end is exported high level signal.In discharge process, A, when the M terminal voltage reaches the safe voltage lower limit, D end output high level signal, as M, when the B terminal voltage reaches the safe voltage lower limit, D ' end is exported high level signal.In this case, can realize each joint lithium-ion electric of connecting in the unit is realized voltage monitoring, be that the entire cell unit powers to monitoring means, even discharging latter stage the terminal voltage V of battery unit in battery pack ABVoltage is greater than 5V, even but also operate as normal of common comparator circuit.And this moment, the terminal voltage V of single-unit lithium electricity AM, V MBMay be less than 2.7V.
As shown in figure 12, resistance R 10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15 serial connection, two reference voltage D4 inter-burst connecting resistance R16; A terminating resistor R10 and reference voltage D4, M terminate between resistance R 12 and the R13, B terminating resistor R15 and reference voltage D4; The positive input of voltage comparator A5 connects between reference voltage D4 and the resistance R 16, between reverse input end connecting resistance R10 and the R11, is output as the C end; Between the positive input connecting resistance R11 and resistance R 12 of voltage comparator A6, reverse input end connects between reference voltage D4 and the resistance R 16, is output as the D end; Between the positive input connecting resistance R13 and resistance R 14 of voltage comparator A7, between reverse input end connecting resistance R16 and the reference voltage D4, be output as C ' end; Between the positive input connecting resistance R16 and reference voltage D4 of voltage comparator A8, between reverse input end connecting resistance R14 and the R15, be output as D ' end.
Another kind of implementation as shown in figure 13, resistance R 16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21 serial connection, two reference voltage D4 inter-burst connecting resistance R22 and R23; A terminating resistor R16 and reference voltage D4, M terminate between resistance R 22 and the R23, B terminating resistor R21 and reference voltage D4; The positive input of voltage comparator A9 connects between reference voltage D4 and the resistance R 22, between reverse input end connecting resistance R16 and the R17, is output as the C end; Between the positive input connecting resistance R17 and resistance R 18 of voltage comparator A10, reverse input end connects between reference voltage D4 and the resistance R 22, is output as the D end; Between the positive input connecting resistance R19 and resistance R 20 of voltage comparator A11, between reverse input end connecting resistance R23 and the reference voltage D4, be output as C ' end; Between the positive input connecting resistance R23 and reference voltage D4 of voltage comparator A12, between reverse input end connecting resistance R20 and the R21, be output as D ' end.
Another implementation as shown in figure 14, resistance R 25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30 serial connection, this circuit and resistance R 31, reference voltage D4, resistance R 32, reference voltage D4 sequential circuit also connect; A terminating resistor R25 and resistance R 31, M terminates between reference voltage D4 and the R32, B terminating resistor R30 and reference voltage D4; Between the positive input connecting resistance R25 and R26 of voltage comparator A13, between reverse input end connecting resistance R31 and the reference voltage D4, be output as the C end; Between the positive input connecting resistance R31 and reference voltage D4 of voltage comparator A14, between reverse input end connecting resistance R26 and the resistance R 27, be output as the D end; Between the positive input connecting resistance R28 and resistance R 29 of voltage comparator A15, between reverse input end connecting resistance R32 and the reference voltage D4, be output as C ' end; Between the positive input connecting resistance R32 and reference voltage D4 of voltage comparator A16, between reverse input end connecting resistance R29 and the R30, be output as D ' end.
Temperature monitoring does temperature probe by temperature sensing element and temperature measurement circuit constitutes, and is used to detect the battery surface temperature.In charging and discharge process, when the surface temperature of the battery of this unit reaches predefined critical value, export high level signal.As shown in figure 15, resistance R 35 and reference voltage D5 serial connection back is in parallel with the sequential circuit of resistance R 36, thermo-sensitive resistor R37, resistance R 38; Side a and b is connected respectively to the positive and negative electrode of battery unit, A terminating resistor R35 and resistance R 36, B termination reference voltage D5 and resistance R 38; Between the positive input connecting resistance R36 and thermo-sensitive resistor R37 of voltage comparator A20, reverse input end connects the positive input of voltage comparator A21, promptly between resistance R 35 and the reference voltage D5, is output as the E end; Between the positive input connecting resistance R35 and reference voltage D5 of voltage comparator A21, reverse input end connects between thermo-sensitive resistor R37 and the resistance R 38, is output as the F end.
As shown in figure 16, provided a kind of simple implementation of temperature monitoring, can only the monitoring means battery temperature upper limit or lower limit, be used for less demanding occasion.Can increase or reduce the number of temperature monitoring according to actual conditions.
Because the battery cell management module is by each battery unit power supply, the output signal of each module is because the reference potential difference, voltage between the signal has pressure reduction, particularly when battery series connection number is bigger, voltage difference between the signal can surpass the maximum that the logic controller incoming level is allowed, directly output can damage logic controller, so need could export logic controller through isolating and transforming.
In concrete the application, can select optocouplers such as universal, Darlington type, Schmidt's type, photosensitive thyristor-type, photosensitive field effect cast according to actual needs.
As shown in figure 17, use by the optocoupler switching signal.Figure 17 is a two paths of signals coupler, can be according to actual needs, and the number of increase and decrease optocoupler increases and decreases signalling channel.
Described logic controller is one group of logical circuit.By programmable logic device or chip microcontroller, also can realize with discrete component.Need the type according to secondary cell, the occupation mode of charging scheme and battery is set.In charging and discharge process, the different state according to each unit sends control signal to safety governor.For the most basic realization, main logical operation is an exclusive disjunction, and available a plurality of many inputs or door are realized.When the series connected battery number more also can be formed multistage or the circuit realization with a plurality of or door.
Described overload detection comprises charging overload detection and discharge overload detection, and it acts in the discharge process, in order to prevent excessive infringement battery of electric current and circuit.Constitute by current detection circuit, in discharge process, discharging current when setting electric current, the output logic true signal, as shown in figure 18, resistance R 51 and reference voltage D6 serial connection back are in parallel with resistance R 52 and reference voltage D7 sequential circuit; Have an end to link to each other with battery anode or negative pole in G, the H end, the K end then links to each other with another electrode of battery pack; In case appearance is transshipped, I holds the output logic true signal in charging process.In case appearance is transshipped, J holds the output logic true signal in discharge process.
Described safety governor comprises charge controller and discharge controller, is used for the folding of control circuit, is one group of switching circuit, and charge controller and discharge controller are formed in parallel.
Charge controller is the controlled switch circuit, can be made up of power device or relay and interlock circuit.In charging process, accept the control signal of logic controller, control charging current and voltage.For the lithium ion battery group, charge controller must can be blocked charging current, overcharges to avoid the lithium ion battery group.
Discharge controller is the controlled switch circuit, can be made up of power device or relay and interlock circuit.In discharge process, according to control signal, in discharge process, prevent overload, and reduce discharging current during terminal point in discharge and put preventing.
Only just can realize the function of charge and discharge condition identifier in theory with logic controller.But in actual applications, under the more situation of series connected battery number, signal number is also more, and the Cost Growth of logic controller is very fast, is unfavorable for the reduction of cost.Realize and to reduce cost by classification logic function.As use structured flowchart shown in Figure 19.The battery status monitoring modular is made up of voltage monitor, pressure limiting work current surveying machine, temperature monitoring, charged state arbiter, discharge condition arbiter.
Described voltage monitor, temperature monitoring are as previously mentioned.
Described pressure limiting work current surveying machine is in charging process, and when the terminal voltage of battery unit reached upper voltage limit, voltage monitor was to pressure limiting work current surveying machine output voltage signal, and the pressure limiting work current surveying machine is started working.It is shunted to reduce to flow through the charging current of battery unit the charging current of the element cell of flowing through, and the voltage of control battery unit no longer raises.Pressure limiting this moment work current surveying machine also plays the effect of charge balancing.When the electric current that flows through the pressure limiting work current surveying machine reaches critical value then to charged state arbiter output voltage signal.
Figure 20 has provided a kind of way of realization, and A, B are the battery unit two ends, and pressure limiting work current surveying machine C termination is subjected to the signal of voltage monitor, and I2 is a shunt current.Because the charge power supply electric current is constant current I, the actual charge current I1=I-I2 of battery unit, at the charging initial stage, because cell voltage is lower, input signal is a low level, not conducting of switching device, I2 is 0 in this stage, I1=I.The charging latter stage, when I1 less than certain value (I L) time, also promptly work as I2 and be worth, S end output high level signal greater than certain.Switching device can be selected the field effect transistor or the transistor that suit in actual applications.
The charged state arbiter is one group of logical circuit.In charging process, in order to prevent that battery unit from being overcharged, must be able to detect the charged state of this battery unit, and judge exactly whether battery unit is full of.The circuit of this part is mainly differentiated the residing charging stage of battery unit according to voltage, the surface temperature of secondary battery cell, and output charged state signal is used for control.
According to the difference of lead accumulator group, Ni-MH battery group, nickel-cadmium cell group, lithium ion battery, the differentiation logic that the charged state arbiter is set is different.
For the lead accumulator group, mainly, assist and judge with temperature with the foundation of voltage as judgement.For the most basic requirement, available one two input or door realize that wherein an end signal is from voltage monitor, and an end signal outputs signal to signal coupler from temperature monitoring.
To the lithium ion battery group, mainly with voltage and electric current as the foundation of judging, assist and judge with temperature.For the most basic requirement, available one three input or door realize that wherein an end signal is from voltage monitor, and an end signal is from temperature monitoring, and an end signal is from the pressure limiting work current surveying machine.Output signal to signal coupler.
For Ni-MH battery group, nickel-cadmium cell group, there is multiple discriminant approach to adopt.For the most basic requirement, available one two input or door realize that wherein an end signal is from voltage monitor, and an end signal is from temperature monitoring, and an end outputs signal to signal coupler.
Described discharge condition arbiter is one group of logical circuit.In discharge process, this circuit is mainly differentiated the residing discharge condition of battery unit according to voltage, the surface temperature of secondary battery cell.For the most basic requirement, available one two input or door realize that wherein an end signal is from voltage monitor, and an end signal outputs signal to signal coupler from temperature monitoring.
In charging process, make charging reach better effect for cooperating charging circuit, can be according to the secondary cell type that constitutes battery pack and the difference of charging modes, the logic of logic controller can be different:
A. for constant current pressure limiting charging (constant current pressure limiting charging is commonly used to the charging of lithium ion battery group), in the batteries charging process, the battery status monitoring modular is also monitored charging current except terminal voltage, the temperature of monitoring battery unit, produces signal G:
The charging current of battery unit is smaller or equal to I LThe time, signal G logical value is true;
With A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0Similar, G 0The value of signal is obtained by the computing of signal coupler logic OR, promptly G 0 = Σ k = 1 m G k ;
In the charging process: as signal A 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit until signal A 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t1 second, and the t1 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal C 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit, be t2 second opening time, the t2 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal B 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal B 0Logical value is false;
As signal D 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal D 0Logical value is false;
As signal G 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit, be t3 second opening time, the t3 value is+∞;
When the logical value of signal E is true, to safety governor output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t4 second until signal E logical value that safety governor disconnects charging circuit, and the t4 span is 0 +~+∞.
B. for constant current charge (the constant current charge method is usually used in the charging to ni-mh, nickel-cadmium cell group, lead accumulator group), in charging process:
As signal A 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit until signal A 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t1 second, and the t1 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal B 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal B 0Logical value is false;
As signal D 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal D 0Logical value is false;
As signal C 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit, be t2 second opening time, the t2 span is+∞;
When the logical value of signal E is true, to safety governor output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t4 second until signal E logical value that safety governor disconnects charging circuit, and the t4 span is 0 +~+∞.
C. charge (charging of three stages of constant current constant voltage is usually used in the charging to the lead accumulator group) in the batteries charging process for three stages of constant current constant voltage, the battery status monitoring modular is except terminal voltage, the temperature of monitoring battery unit, also monitor charging current, produce signal G:
The charging current of battery unit is during smaller or equal to IL, and signal G logical value is true;
With A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0Similar, G 0The value of signal is obtained by the computing of signal coupler logic OR, promptly G 0 = Σ k = 1 m G k ;
In the charging process: as signal A 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit until signal A 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t1 second, and the t1 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal C 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit, be t2 second opening time, the t2 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal D 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal D 0Logical value is false.
In the charging process, as signal G 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P4, safety governor is selected the trickle charge shelves.
In charging process, when the logical value of signal E is true, to charge controller output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t4 second until signal E logical value that charge controller disconnects charging circuit, and the t4 span is 0 +~+∞.
More than to method and the circuit of realizing the multiple serial secondary cell sets protection with Single Component Management provided by the present invention, be described in detail, used specific case herein principle of the present invention and execution mode are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and realizing thought; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, the part that all can change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the method with the protection of Single Component Management realization multiple serial secondary cell sets comprises the steps:
(1) divides battery unit;
(2) connect a battery status monitoring modular for each battery unit; In the batteries charging stage, the battery status monitoring modular is monitored voltage, the temperature of battery; In the battery power discharge stage, the battery status monitoring modular is monitored voltage, the temperature of battery unit, produces one group of signal relevant with the state of battery unit charge and discharge:
Signal A: have cell voltage to reach in the battery unit or greater than the upper safety limit value, the logical value of signal A is true;
Signal B: have cell voltage to reach in the battery unit or less than the lower safety limit value, the logical value of signal B is true;
Signal C: the temperature of battery unit reaches or greater than the upper safety limit value, the logical value of signal C is true;
Signal D: the temperature of battery unit reaches or less than the lower safety limit value, the logical value of signal D is true;
For m battery unit, the signal of m battery status monitoring modular generation is respectively A 1, A 2A m, B 1, B 2B m, C 1, C 2C m, D 1, D 2D m
(3) output signal of each battery status monitoring module is sent to logic controller by m signal coupler:
Signal A 0Value obtain by the logic OR computing, promptly A 0 = Σ k = 1 m A k ;
Signal B 0Value obtain by the logic OR computing, promptly B 0 = Σ k = 1 m B k ;
Signal C 0Value obtain by the logic OR computing, promptly C 0 = Σ k = 1 m C k ;
Signal D 0Value obtain by the logic OR computing, promptly D 0 = Σ k = 1 m D k ;
(4) overload detection detects overload situations, and signal E, F are produced by overload detection and output respectively:
In charging process, overload detection detects the charging overload, and the value of signal E is a logical truth;
In discharge process, overload detection detects the discharge overload, and the value of signal F is a logical truth;
(5) in charging process: as signal A 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit until signal A 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t1 second, and the t1 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal C 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit until signal C 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t2 second, and the t2 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal B 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal B 0Logical value is false;
As signal D 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal D 0Logical value is false;
When the logical value of signal E is true, to safety governor output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t4 second until signal E logical value that safety governor disconnects charging circuit, and the t4 span is 0 +~+∞;
(6) in discharge process: as signal B 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P3, safety governor disconnects discharge circuit until signal B 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t5 second, and the t5 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal C 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P3, safety governor disconnects discharge circuit until signal C 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t6 second, and the t6 span is 0 +~+∞;
Signal D 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P3, safety governor disconnects discharge circuit until signal D 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t7 second, and the t7 span is 0 +~+∞;
When the logical value of signal F is true, to safety governor output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t8 second until signal F logical value that safety governor disconnects discharge circuit, and the t8 span is 0 +~+∞.
2. the method with the protection of Single Component Management realization multiple serial secondary cell sets according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step 1, the method for dividing battery unit is: according to the number N of polyphone battery i(i=1,2 ... m) the S batteries is divided into into m battery unit through the secondary battery that polyphone forms, the number of series connection is N in the battery unit 1, N 2N m, this division is satisfied:
A. every batteries must belong to certain unit at least in the battery pack;
B. the electrode that has at least of the battery in the unit is that electrode with other battery of this unit links;
C. any two battery units in the battery pack exist at least one batteries not belong to the another one battery unit separately;
d.0<N i≤S(i=1、2……m);
E. the division of unit does not change the coupled situation of battery pack.
3. the method with the protection of Single Component Management realization multiple serial secondary cell sets according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step 2, and for ni-mh, NI-G, lead accumulator group, the terminal voltage of voltage monitor monitoring battery unit.
4. the method with the protection of Single Component Management realization multiple serial secondary cell sets according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step 2, and for the lithium ion battery group, the voltage of every batteries in the voltage monitor monitoring battery unit.
5. the method that realizes the multiple serial secondary cell sets protection with Single Component Management according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: in the described step 5, in the batteries charging process, the battery status monitoring modular is except voltage, the temperature of monitoring battery unit; also monitor charging current, produce signal G:
The charging current of battery unit is smaller or equal to I LThe time, signal G logical value is true;
With A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0Similar, G 0The value of signal is obtained by the computing of signal coupler logic OR, promptly G 0 = Σ k = 1 m G k ;
In the charging process: as signal A 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit until signal A 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t1 second, and the t1 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal C 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit, be t2 second opening time, the t2 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal B 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal B 0Logical value is false;
As signal D 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal D 0Logical value is false;
As signal G 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit, be t3 second opening time, the t3 value is+∞;
When the logical value of signal E is true, to safety governor output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t4 second until signal E logical value that safety governor disconnects charging circuit, and the t4 span is 0 +~+∞.
6. the method with the protection of Single Component Management realization multiple serial secondary cell sets according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step 5, in the batteries charging process, as signal A 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit until signal A 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t1 second, and the t1 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal B 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal B 0Logical value is false;
As signal D 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal D 0Logical value is false;
As signal C 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit, be t2 second opening time, the t2 span is+∞;
When the logical value of signal E is true, to safety governor output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t4 second until signal E logical value that safety governor disconnects charging circuit, and the t4 span is 0 +~+∞.
7. the method that realizes the multiple serial secondary cell sets protection with Single Component Management according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: in the described step 5, in the batteries charging process, the battery status monitoring modular is except voltage, the temperature of monitoring battery unit; also monitor charging current, produce signal G:
The charging current of battery unit is smaller or equal to I LThe time, signal G logical value is true;
With A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0Similar, G 0The value of signal is obtained by the computing of signal coupler logic OR, promptly G 0 = Σ k = 1 m G k ;
In the charging process: as signal A 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit until signal A 0Logical value is vacation or opening time to be t1 second, and the t1 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal C 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P1, safety governor disconnects charging circuit, be t2 second opening time, the t2 span is 0 +~+∞;
As signal D 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P2, safety governor is selected the low current charge shelves, with low current charge until signal D 0Logical value is false.
In the charging process, as signal G 0Logical value be true, to safety governor output signal P4, safety governor is selected the trickle charge shelves.
In charging process, when the logical value of signal E is true, to charge controller output signal P1, it is vacation or opening time to be t4 second until signal E logical value that charge controller disconnects charging circuit, and the t4 span is 0 +~+∞.
8. circuit of realizing the multiple serial secondary cell sets protection with Single Component Management, it is characterized in that: comprise battery status monitoring module, signal coupler, logic controller, overload detection, safety governor, wherein said battery status monitoring module comprises voltage monitor and temperature monitoring, voltage monitor detects the voltage of corresponding battery unit, and temperature monitoring detects the temperature of corresponding battery unit; The battery status monitoring module connects signal coupler, and output detection signal is to signal coupler; Signal coupler connects logic controller, and outputs signal to logic controller; Overload detection connects logic controller or safety governor, output overloading signal; Logic controller attachment security controller; Safety governor connects charge power supply and electrical appliance, according to the control signal of input, the break-make that control is connected with charge power supply or electrical appliance.
9. the circuit of realizing the multiple serial secondary cell sets protection with Single Component Management according to claim 8; it is characterized in that: the battery status monitoring modular comprises the pressure limiting work current surveying machine; the pressure limiting work current surveying machine connects the battery unit two ends; and connection voltage monitor; receive voltage monitor greater than the upper voltage limit signal; charging current is shunted, and ought be exported the charging current of battery unit smaller or equal to I LThe time, output signal is to signal coupler.
10. the circuit of realizing the multiple serial secondary cell sets protection with Single Component Management according to claim 8; it is characterized in that: described battery status monitoring modular also comprises the discharge condition arbiter; the discharge condition arbiter connects voltage monitor and temperature monitoring and signal coupler; receive the output signal of voltage monitor and temperature monitoring, judge in view of the above and export the judgement signal to signal coupler.
CNB2006101273660A 2006-09-15 2006-09-15 Method and circuit for realizing multi-section serial secondary battery protection with unit management Expired - Fee Related CN100461585C (en)

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