CN101167043A - 用于光输入装置的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于光输入装置的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101167043A
CN101167043A CNA2004800424179A CN200480042417A CN101167043A CN 101167043 A CN101167043 A CN 101167043A CN A2004800424179 A CNA2004800424179 A CN A2004800424179A CN 200480042417 A CN200480042417 A CN 200480042417A CN 101167043 A CN101167043 A CN 101167043A
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light
light source
image capture
capture apparatus
programmed instruction
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R·L·马克斯
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Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/033Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
    • G06F3/0354Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/0304Detection arrangements using opto-electronic means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/017Gesture based interaction, e.g. based on a set of recognized hand gestures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/033Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
    • G06F3/0354Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
    • G06F3/03542Light pens for emitting or receiving light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/042Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by opto-electronic means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63FCARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F2300/00Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game
    • A63F2300/10Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by input arrangements for converting player-generated signals into game device control signals
    • A63F2300/1087Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by input arrangements for converting player-generated signals into game device control signals comprising photodetecting means, e.g. a camera
    • A63F2300/1093Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by input arrangements for converting player-generated signals into game device control signals comprising photodetecting means, e.g. a camera using visible light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/033Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/033
    • G06F2203/0331Finger worn pointing device

Abstract

提供了与计算装置接口的输入装置。该输入装置包括配置为由人手持握的主体。该输入装置包括附设到上述主体的发光二极管(LED)和用于LED的电源。在上述主体中集成了模式改变激励器,其中,该模式改变激励器配置成使上述LED发出的光的颜色改变。颜色改变可以被检测到,以引起计算装置的模式改变。并且,提供了在图像捕获装置的视场内检测来自输入源的输入命令的方法和包括上述输入装置的计算系统。

Description

用于光输入装置的方法和设备
技术领域
一般来说,本发明涉及计算机系统的替代输入机构,更具体地说,涉及以可视方式来跟踪光,其中光的改变触发了计算机系统方面的动作。
背景技术
在寻找计算系统输入装置的替代物方面,已引起了许多兴趣。目前,将键盘和鼠标用于桌面计算系统已被视为理所当然的事情。然而,对处于“起居室”环境中的交互式娱乐应用而言,键盘和鼠标却未得到广泛接受。
也已试图用数码摄像机来跟踪运动对象并处理视频图像,以产生各种显示。然而,这些系统往往依赖多个摄像机来基于三角测量形成上述对象的位置信息。而且,将这些系统引入“起居室”环境的成本过于高昂。
然而,尽管有上述知识和技术,但是各种问题仍然阻碍了对对象的成功跟踪,而且,一个特别困难的问题是精确提取明确对应于所关心对象的视频图像的那些的像素。例如,尽管可以相对容易地跟踪对象(该对象具有一种颜色,其实体背景具有另一种颜色,且该对象的颜色与其背景的颜色相差较大)的运动,但在背景为多色或非静态的情况下,跟踪对象(即使是明亮着色的对象)是不容易的。照明方面的改变也将显著地影响摄像机所看到的对象的表观颜色,从而依赖于检测特定着色对象的对象跟踪方法很容易出错,或者,这些方法需要随照明条件的改变进行经常的重新校正。而视频游戏节目的典型家用环境要求比用传统的对象跟踪计算机视觉系统所能实现的情形大得多的灵活性和鲁棒性。
从而,在家用环境中,必须能用单个相对不那么昂贵的摄像机来跟踪替代性输入装置,以便让该输入装置得到广泛接受。此外,该替代性输入装置必须便于使用。已试验了将手套(该手套包括由摄像机进行跟踪来捕获输入的多个传感器)戴在用户手上的做法,但用户并不喜欢这种手套。用户对手套缺乏热情的一个原因是,必须经常取下和戴上手套,这很不方便。而且,上述替代性输入装置不适于指明模式改变,而指明模式改变在功能上类似于鼠标点击。
从而,需要解决现有技术的这些问题,以提供能由单个摄像机进行跟踪的输入装置,其中,该输入装置易于由用户使用,并能指明模式改变。
发明内容
一般而言,通过提供一种方法和系统,本发明满足了这些要求,其中,上述方法和系统提供了能产生光的一种或多种颜色(或单个或多个光影的变化)的装置,且颜色或光影的改变或变化会触发控制图像数据显示的系统的模式改变。如本文所使用的,模式改变是指通过检测输入装置发出的光的改变而触发的离散事件或行为。应当懂得,可以用许多方式(包括过程、系统或装置)来实施本发明。以下,描述了本发明的几个发明实施例。
在一个实施例中,提供了一种方法,该方法用于触发在计算系统上运行的程序的输入命令。该方法以监视图像捕获装置前方的视场开始。然后,识别上述视场内的光源。接下来,检测从上述光源发出的光的改变。响应检测到上述改变,触发在上述计算系统上运行的程序的输入命令。
在另一个实施例中,提供了一种用于在图像捕获装置的视场内检测来自输入源的输入命令的方法。该方法始于使进入上述图像捕获装置的光量最小。然后,通过上述图像捕获装置检测来自上述输入源的第一色光信号。接下来,检测从上述第一色光信号到第二色光信号的改变。然后,响应上述第一色光信号的改变触发模式改变。
在另一个实施例中,提供了一种存有程序指令的计算机可读介质,上述指令用于触发在计算系统上运行的程序的输入命令。该计算机可读介质包括用于监视图像捕获装置前方的视场的程序指令。它也包括用于在上述视场内识别光源的程序指令和用于检测从上述光源发出的光的改变的程序指令。它还包括了这样的程序指令,该指令用于响应检测到上述改变来触发在上述计算系统上运行的程序的输入命令。
在另一个实施例中,提供了一种存有程序指令的计算机可读介质,上述指令用于在图像捕捉装置的视场内检测来自输入源的输入命令。该计算机可读介质包括用于使进入上述图像捕获装置的光量最小的程序指令和用于通过上述图像捕获装置检测来自上述输入源的第一色光信号的程序指令。提供用于检测从上述第一色光信号到第二色光信号的改变的程序指令和响应上述第一色光信号的改变来触发模式改变的程序指令。
在另一个实施例中,提供了一种具有输入检测系统的计算系统,该输入检测系统确定何时触发通过上述计算系统运行的主程序的输入命令。该计算系统包括图像捕获装置。它包括用于监视与上述图像捕获装置有关的视场的逻辑和用于跟踪与输入对象有关的光源的位置的逻辑。它还包括用于检测上述光源的颜色改变的逻辑和用于触发通过上述计算系统运行的主程序的输入命令的逻辑,其中,所检测的光源颜色改变导致了上述触发。
在另一个实施例中,提供了用于与计算装置连系的输入装置。该输入装置包括配置为由人手持握的主体。该输入装置包括附设到上述主体的发光二极管(LED)和用于LED的电源。在上述主体中集成了模式改变激励器,其中,该模式改变激励器配置成使上述LED发出的光的颜色改变。该颜色改变可以被检测到,以引起计算装置的模式改变。
从以下结合附图的详细说明中可更清楚地理解本发明的其他方面和优点,且该详细说明通过举例说明了本发明的原理。
附图说明
通过参阅以下结合附图的详细说明,可以最好地理解本发明及其另外的优点。
图1A是根据本发明一个实施例的系统的简化示意图,该系统具有根据光源进行输入检测的能力,以便触发模式改变
图1B为图1A所示的系统的备选表示。
图2是简化示意图,它示出了通过本发明一个实施例的图像捕获装置来捕获来自光源的光。
图3是示意图,它示出了光源位置的确定和随后该位置的变换,以根据本发明的一个实施例来控制显示屏上相应光标的运动。
图4是示意图,它示出了用于根据本发明的一个实施例来加强跟踪与变换方法的方案。
图5是简化示意图,它示出了根据本发明一个实施例的、依据用户与图像捕获装置的距离来设置标度(scale)的方案。
图6表示根据本发明的一个实施例的输入装置的替代性配置。
图7示出了图6所示的输入装置的替代性实施例。
图8A是根据本发明一个实施例的一对输入装置的简化示意图,上述装置配置成与计算装置通信,且该计算装置与显示器通信。
图8B是图7的环的替代性光输入装置的示意图。
图9是示出根据本发明一个实施例的方法操作的流程图,这些方法操作用于触发在计算系统上运行的程序的输入命令。
图10是流程图,它示出根据本发明的一个实施例的在图像捕获装置的视场内检测来自输入源的输入命令的方法操作。
具体实施方式
公开了一种关于输入装置的发明,该输入装置能发出多种颜色/频率的光,以便触发事件。在以下说明中,阐述了许多具体的细节,以便使读者能透彻地理解本发明。然而,对本领域技术人员而言,显然不需要某些或全部这些细节便能够实施本发明。在其他情况下,未详细描述众所周知的处理步骤,以免不必要地影响对本发明的说明。
本发明的实施例提供了用户输入装置,该装置能发出多种颜色的光,这些光可通过图像捕获装置被捕获。从一种光颜色变为另一种光颜色将引发可在监视器上显示的事件或动作。例如,从一种光颜色变为另一种光颜色意味着鼠标点击(即模式改变),以打开个人计算机的文件或窗口,抓取、拖曳或操控计算机游戏的图像,甚至启动智能家电。应当懂得,该输入装置包括某种类型的按钮或执行器,用于在发光二极管(LED)发出的光的各种颜色之间进行变换。从而,该输入装置也将包括上述LED的某种类型的电源。如本文的实施例所述,该用户输入装置允许引入与鼠标点击相关的体验,而这对用户而言是方便的。应当懂得,该光输入装置是“哑”装置。也就是说,在该输入装置与计算机之间未发生主动的通信,因为该计算机实际上对该光输入装置进行监控。在一个实施例中,该光输入装置配置成闪光灯。当然,该光输入装置可以是无线的,例如,由电池供电来产生光。
图1A是根据本发明一个实施例的系统的简化示意图,该系统具有根据光源进行输入检测的能力,以便触发模式改变。图像捕获装置104与计算装置106通信,而该计算装置又与显示屏108通信。输入装置100包括光源102。例如,光源102可以是合适的发光二极管(LED)。来自LED 102的光由图像捕获装置104检测。应当懂得,图像捕获装置104可以是任何能检测来自LED 102的光的图像捕获装置。例如,可将任何合适的网络摄像机或其他摄像机用作图像捕获装置104。在一个实施例中,用LED 102在空间中的位置来控制光标110在显示屏108上的运动。这就是说,当输入装置100及其相关的LED 102在空间中移动时,对该移动进行变换,以便移动光标110。此外,以下将更为详细地说明,通过LED 102,输入装置100可引起模式改变,该模式改变类似于由点击台式计算机的鼠标引起的模式改变。如上所述,模式改变是指通过检测从输入装置发出的光的改变而触发的独立事件或动作。实际上,可以将输入装置100用作通过与LED 102相关的颜色改变来实现功能的计算机鼠标。示范性的模式改变包括与鼠标类型的操作有关的模式改变,其中鼠标的移动特征与其选择特征(即点击、双击、点击右键)被结合到以下所述的系统之中。也就是说,该系统的跟踪特征捕获了输入装置的移动,而光颜色的改变提供了捕获选择特征的手段。尽管将模式改变描述成与鼠标类型的操作有关,但仍应懂得,各实施例不限于鼠标类型的操作。也就是说,本文包括任何合适的独立操作或动作。
图1B是图1A所示系统的备选表示。这里,用户112手持输入装置100。附设到输入装置100的一端的LED 102处于图像捕获装置104的检测范围之内。图像捕获装置104与计算装置106通信,而计算装置106又与显示屏108通信。在一个实施例中,计算装置106是任何合适的视频游戏控制台,如PLAYSTATION 2控制台。控制器116也与计算装置106通信。从而,用户可以从一个初始位置开始移动输入装置100,从而改变了LED 102相对于摄像机104的位置。然后,对这种相对移动进行变换,以在显示屏108上移动光标。此外,通过从LED 102发出的光的颜色的改变来触发与显示屏108上移动的光标有关的模式改变。应当懂得,本文所述的实施例提供了类似于鼠标的装置,对于进行交互式娱乐和任何其他合适的应用,将要把这种装置引入起居室。
图2是简化的示意图,它示出了通过本发明一个实施例的图像捕获装置来捕获来自光源的光。此处,用户112持有其上包括光源的输入装置100。图像捕获装置104监视视场118,并且通过该视场,检测了来自输入装置100的光源的光。与输入装置100有关的光源处于平面117之中,而该平面与数字化屏幕120对应。此处,用屏幕120的区域122表示与输入装置100有关的光源的图像。应当懂得,屏幕120的分辨率与网络摄像机或其他合适的摄像机的任何合适的分辨率相关。在一个实施例中,用320×240的屏幕尺寸来定义屏幕。从而,当用户112移动输入装置100时,通过捕获装置104来捕获相关的移动,以便在屏幕120内确定光源的位置。应当懂得,可将上述屏幕尺寸和成像装置尺寸去耦。然而,映射该屏幕与成像装置的尺寸,以便确定这两者之间的相应位置。在一个实施例中,将该成像装置映射至屏幕的一个区域。此处,大部分屏幕用来显示场景、游戏图像等等,并且在屏幕的角落或其他合适区域存在相对较小的输入调色板。
图3是示意图,它示出了光源位置的确定以及随后对该位置进行的变换,以便根据本发明的一个实施例在显示屏上控制相应的光标的移动。此处,屏幕120将光源的图像定义为区域122。区域122包括像素Pa、Pb、Pc、Pd、Pe、Pf部分。屏幕120上剩下的每个像素(即除像素Pa-Pf外的所有像素)均是黑色的。在一个实施例中,保证剩余的像素为黑色是通过掩蔽操作来实现的。该掩蔽操作包括减小图像捕获装置104的孔径尺寸,以便使进入该图像捕获装置的光量为最小。在一个实施例中,通过调节传感器游戏和曝光时间,可以电方式调整上述孔径尺寸。该方案增强了检测光源的能力,同时减少了与背景照明有关的干涉效应。应当懂得,由于已经知道光输入装置与图像捕获装置的特性,因而可明确地设置图像捕获装置的各个参数(白平衡、增益、曝光、饱和等等),以跟踪特殊的预定像素值,即不需要进行校准。由于输入装置为光,因而此处室内照明不是影响因素。从而,提供了检测光的改变的主动方法。
仍然参考图3,通过形心计算计算了区域122的中心124,其中。计算了每个像素Pa-Pf的中心,然后根据相关像素值对这些中心进行加权,以确定中心124的坐标。然后,将中心124的坐标映射到显示屏128,且后者与用户观看的显示屏对应。从而,光源的移动将引起区域122在网格120上的移动,网格120也称为与上述图像捕获装置有关的屏幕。区域122的相应移动将与新中心的计算有关。然后,将该新中心映射到屏幕128上的一个位置,以便在屏幕128上移动光标130,使得用户感觉能通过LED输入装置对光标130的移动进行控制。以下将更为详细地说明,上述输入装置可具有按钮或某种其他合适的启动装置,当按下上述按钮或装置时,将导致各自的LED从之前的颜色变成另一种不同的颜色。然后,由图像捕获装置104捕获该不同的颜色。对该不同的颜色的检测导致了与颜色改变有关的不同像素值。例如,颜色改变将使得与区域122对应的像素关联不同的值。然后,类似于与鼠标点击相关的模式改变信号,这些不同的像素值将以信号说明上述模式改变。从而,用户可在显示屏上点击、拖曳和加亮图像。也就是说,用户可执行通过与计算机有关的鼠标来实现的任何功能。
在一个实施例中,用以下所述的方式来进行形心计算。因为未检测到光,所以将与像素Pa-Pf不相关的像素分配值0,即这些像素是黑色的。应当懂得,可以使用上述掩蔽技术通过减少来自背景照明的干涉来确保上述图像捕获装置能锁定从输入装置发出的光。为Pa-Pf中的每个像素分配一个值,该值对应于其像素与区域122相交的面积量。在一个实施例中,分配0-255的像素值,0对应于无光,为像素Pe分配最高值而为像素Pf分配最低值。出于示范目的,像素Pa、Pb、Pc、Pd、Pe、Pf的像素值分别为121、230、80、123、240和10。Pa-Pf中的每个像素与各自的像素中心点相关联。每一像素中心的每一个二维坐标乘以其各自像素的值。然后,将这些二维坐标之一的加权值相加。在一个实施例中,每个坐标的加权值之和除以与区域122相关的像素值之和,以提供区域124的中心的坐标。该技术可以数学地描述为:
(x,y)中心=∑[[x像素中心][x像素中心的像素值]]/∑(像素值)及
            ∑[[y像素中心][y像素中心的像素值]]/∑(像素值)
其中,(x,y)中心表示中心124的两个坐标,x像素中心表示每个像素Pa-Pf的x坐标,y像素中心表示每个像素Pa-Pf的y坐标。从而,中心124对应于上述捕获装置的图像的特定位置。该位置对应于屏幕128上的一个位置。至于视频帧,可以为每一视频帧计算(x,y)中心,且用(x,y)中心的位置来在屏幕128上设置光标130的位置。在一个实施例中,与网格120有关的分辨率小于与屏幕128有关的分辨率,从而使得光标130能沿屏幕128平滑移动。对本领域技术人员而言,显然,也可以确定未加权的形心,特别是如果背景未知(如背景不是全黑)。此处,形心的位置可能不如已知背景时准确,然而,准确度仍然适于本文所述的实施例。在一个实施例中,当用户处于暗室之中或拥有红外LED与摄像机时,计算未加权的形心。对本领域技术人员而言,显然,尽管图1A、1B、2和3指出了光标,但各实施例并不限于使用光标。实际上,可以使用提供关于输入装置的第二位置的反馈的任何合适的指示。例如,可以采用诸如变形、增亮、变暗、放大窗效果来提供关于输入装置的第二位置的反馈。
图4是示意图,它示出了用于根据本发明的一个实施例来加强跟踪与变换技术的方案。应当懂得,当通过图像捕获装置104捕获光源并随后将该光源在屏幕120中进行定位时,与该光源有关的对应区域包含于一个像素之中。从而,因为图像捕获装置的离散采样的量化效应,因而随后变换至光标将使得光标的移动具有跳动感。为减轻跳动感,可以将图像捕获装置散焦,以展开或扩大与光源有关的区域。例如,区域132表示对相应光源的最初捕获。可以看出,区域132包含于网格120的一个块中,该块表示单个的像素。为扩大或展开区域132,对图像捕获装置进行散焦,其中,区域134和136表示不同的散焦参数。随后,可按照上述方式计算扩大区域的形心。在一个实施例中,将漫射体设置在LED上方,以便使光源散焦。例如,该漫射体可以是一片让光漫射的胶带。
图5是简化的示意图,它示出了根据本发明一个实施例的、依据用户与图像捕获装置的距离来设置标度的方案。此处,用户102a处于与图像平面117a有关的第一距离处,而用户102b处于与图像平面117b对应的第二距离处。图像捕获装置不必具有视深能力,因为来自在图像平面117a与图像平面117b处捕获的图像的相应标度可用来提供与用户102a和用户102b占据的各图像面积对应的距离的相对量度。根据距离的这种相对量度,可以调整输入装置100的移动量,以使光标在显示屏108上进行相应的移动。例如,如果用户更接近于图像捕获装置104,则与用户处于较远位置时的较少移动相比,此时将用更大的移动来与光标的移动进行对应。
图6表示根据本发明的一个实施例的输入装置的替代性配置。输入装置100a包括位于其相对两端的LED 102a-1和LED 102a-2。在输入装置的主体上包括了按钮103,使得用户可按下该按钮来触发相应LED光的改变。可以将多于一个按钮集成到输入装置100a之中,以便在一个实施例中容纳多个LED。输入装置100b包括位于其一端的单个LED 102b。此处,当按钮103按下时,LED 102b能发出多种颜色的光。图中示出输入装置100c具有多个相邻设置的LED。此处,LED 102c-1与LED 102c-2相邻。作为输入装置100c的替代形式,输入装置可具有叉型配置,其中在该叉的每一尖端(尖头)均设有LED。也可以用按钮103来在一个LED关断时触发另一个LED发光。也可以将按钮称为模式改变激励器。将模式改变激励器广义地定义为任何能用来使LED在各种光颜色和/或光颜色变化之间切换的合适机构。例如,模式改变激励器可以是按钮、开关、旋转拨号盘等。此外,LED可位于图6所示的输入装置的主体上的其他位置。例如,可以将LED设置在输入装置的两侧。另外,可以沿输入装置的一侧设置一行LED。在另一个实施例中,提供了位于输入装置一端的大LED,从而,当该输入装置倾斜时,可以使捕获装置检测到形状的改变。也就是说,可以配置输入装置,以便使捕获装置能检测输入装置相对于捕获装置的角度的改变。例如,用户可以调整输入装置角度向上、向下或向一侧,以引起某一模式改变或响应特定的角度改变。本领域技术人员将懂得,除图6所示的配置以外,可以存在用于输入装置的许多其他合适的配置。从而,本文所述的实施例不限于图6的示范性实施例。
图7示出了图6所示的输入装置的替代性实施例。此处,输入装置配置成遥控装置,该装置具有LED 102和由光140指明的红外线功能。从而,可将该输入装置集成到通常用于电视机的遥控器之中。在一个实施例中,提供了能在至少三种颜色之间进行切换的LED。此处,可用第三种颜色来提供与“右击”计算机鼠标对应的功能。
图8A是根据本发明一个实施例的一对输入装置的简化示意图,该对输入装置配置成与计算装置通信,而该计算装置又与显示器通信。外部输入装置100-1和100-2配置为套在用户的手142a与142b的手指或拇指上。如图所示,每个输入装置100-1和100-2能发出由图像捕获装置104检测的光,而上述图像捕获装置又与计算装置106通信。尽管图中示出图像捕获装置104位于计算装置106的壳体以外,但仍应懂得,在本发明的一个实施例中,可以将图像捕获装置集成到计算装置之中。在一个实施例中,输入装置100-1和100-2发送不同的色光信号。计算装置106与显示器108通信。计算装置106将数字数据发送到显示器108,以便使数字数据可见。显示器108可显示文本146a、菜单146b和/或图形146c。当然,应当注意,可以显示任何合适的数字数据。在一个实施例中,计算装置106为游戏控制台,显示器108显示图形或与玩的游戏有关的用户界面。
图8A的输入装置100-1和100-2中的每一个均被配置成产生不同颜色的光。在一个实施例中,输入装置100-1和100-2可发出相同颜色的光和至少一种不同颜色的光。应当注意,按钮144可用来在不同颜色的光之间进行切换。可通过处于输入装置100-1与100-2的环状带侧的LED来发光。或者,输入装置100-1与100-2可配置成套环,而LED则设置在该套环的基部。在另一个实施例中,采用了单个而非多个输入装置。应当懂得,输入装置100-1与100-2应能舒服地佩戴在用户的手指或拇指上。从而,根据用户的年龄、性别等可制造出不同尺寸的输入装置。或者,可将这些输入装置制成可调式输入装置。也就是说,在本发明的一个实施例中,可以引入弹性带甚至VELCRO带,以便将输入装置固定在用户的手指或拇指上。
图8B是图7的环的替代性光输入装置配置的示意图。此处,套环主体100-3包括按钮144,该按钮用于改变由LED 151发出的光或光的频率。当然,如结合图6所述的一样,可以在套环100-3的基部设置多于一个LED。
本领域技术人员将懂得,图像捕获装置与计算装置包括能提供本文所述的功能的逻辑。该逻辑可包括软件元素和/或硬件元素。例如,上述软件元素可包括通过中央处理单元进行处理的软件代码。而上述硬件元素包括用于实现本文所述功能的各种逻辑门和电路。对本领域技术人员而言,显然可以综合这些硬件元素(如逻辑门)来执行本文所述的功能。当然,该系统也可包括相互作用的软件和硬件元素的组合,以提供希望的结果。
图9是示出根据本发明一个实施例的方法操作的流程图,这些方法操作用于触发在计算系统上运行的程序的输入命令。该方法以操作150开始,其中监视图像捕获装置前方的视场。此处,如结合图1A至2所述的那样,该视场可捕获从输入装置发出的光源,该输入装置具有能发出多种颜色的光的LED。然后,该方法进行到操作152,其中识别了上述视场内的光源。如上所述,该光源由上述LED发出。然后,该方法进行到操作154,其中检测从上述光源发出的光的改变。此处,可按下按钮,以改变从LED发出的光的颜色,然后,由图像捕获装置捕获这种光的颜色。也就是说,当发生光的颜色改变时,像素值将会改变。如本文中使用的一样,光颜色的改变可以指实际颜色的改变(如从红变成绿)。然而,颜色改变也可以指颜色的变化,例如,从一种黄色变体(variant)变为另一种黄色变体。实际上,此处可采用任何将引起与颜色或变体相关的像素值的相应改变的合适改变。然后,该方法转移至操作156,其中响应光颜色的改变,触发计算系统上运行的程序的输入命令。例如,此处可触发与台式计算机的鼠标点击有关的模式改变。从而,在不需要传统的鼠标与键盘硬件的情况下,可以在“起居室”环境中引入点击与拖曳功能、加亮功能和任何其他通过鼠标点击实现的合适功能。此外,由光的改变触发的输入命令可以是动作、移动提示、模态改变等。
图10是流程图,它示出根据本发明一个实施例的在图像捕获装置的视场内检测来自输入源的输入命令的方法操作。该方法从操作160开始,其中使进入上述图像捕获装置的光量为最小。也就是说,可减小上述图像捕获装置的孔径,以便掩蔽背景照明。从而,背景照明的最小化将增强光源(如本文所述的输入装置)的跟踪能力。例如,可以如结合图3所述的那样来减少进入图像捕获装置的光量。然后,该方法进行到操作162,其中如结合图2-4所述的那样通过图像捕获装置检测来自输入源的第一色光。此处,检测了该第一色光,并将其与图像屏幕关联。
然后,图10的方法进行到操作164,其中对上述第一色光变为第二色光进行检测。此处,如上所述,可通过施加到输入装置上的按钮或模式改变激励器的压力来触发光颜色的改变。本领域技术人员将懂得,可通过检查与图像捕获装置相关的对应像素值来检测颜色改变或频率改变。然后,该方法转移至操作166,其中响应上述第一色光的改变,呈现模式改变。该模式改变用于使用户进行点击与拖曳操作、加亮操作或任何其他合适的与通过计算机鼠标来实现的模式改变相关的操作。此外,当第二色光变回第一色光时,便表示点击与拖曳操作或加亮操作的结束。另外,可用第三色光来实现与“点击鼠标右键”有关的功能。应当注意,在本发明的一个实施例中,类似于计算机鼠标的模式改变,在显示屏上显示了上述模式改变。此外,本领域技术人员将懂得,尽管图10与颜色改变有关,但本发明不限于颜色改变,因为可使用光的相同颜色的变化,例如色彩的浓淡。而且,不同于使用不同的颜色,可以使用不同频率的光。例如,可以将红外光与可见波长光一起使用。如上所述,对本文所述的实施例而言,可使用任何能导致与图像捕获装置相关的像素值改变的光源改变。
总之,提供了能通过多颜色或多频率光发生器来触发模式改变的输入装置。当然,可以用多个具有不同颜色或频率的经过配置的光来提供相同的效果。从而,可以使用任何光产生结构,不论它是固态装置、如二极管,还是一个或多个传统的电灯泡。在一个实施例中,由一个或多个LED提供光,上述LED可连接或安装到笔状对象上。由图像捕获装置来跟踪从输入装置发出的光。图像捕获装置可采用任何形式,包括摄像机、电荷耦合装置(CCD)阵列、数码摄像机、耦合到数字变换器的传统摄像机或网络摄像机。通常,图像捕获装置应当能检测来自输入装置(或任何能发光的对象)的光。优选地,输入装置将产生足够的光,以允许摄像机检测与其他环境光相比较为明亮的光点。
从而,在一个实施例中,类似于计算机鼠标输入装置,当摄像机检测来自输入装置的光时,可以将该输入装置设置成一直开启。然后,为进行控制,用户可按下输入装置上的按钮或某些其他合适的触发机构,以改变发出的光的颜色(或频率)。网络摄像机捕获颜色/频率的改变,从而使得颜色改变能用作鼠标的按钮按压(即鼠标点击)。应当懂得,可以跟踪任何合适数目的颜色,且输入装置可具有用于多种颜色的多个按钮,或者,输入装置可具有在多种颜色之间循环往复的单个按钮。在另一个实施例中,与改变可见颜色不同,该改变可以从第一颜色开始,改变到通常的光,这种情形在标准的闪光灯中较为典型。在另一个实施例中,输入装置可以在第一种光和熄灭状态之间闪烁,在熄灭状态状态时,根本没有光发出。例如,红外LED可在第一种光和熄灭状态之间交替。在这种情况下,当光熄灭时,它将保持熄灭一段设定的时间。然后,该熄灭状态的计时将导致一个或多个相同、类似或不同的状态或改变出现在显示屏上。
而且,本文所述的输入装置实现了交互式娱乐应用的增强功能。例如,就运动视频游戏而言,用户可使用输入装置来设计游戏(如足球赛、篮球赛等比赛的游戏)。当本文所述的输入装置用于鼠标类型的输入而非操纵杆时,对用户而言,之前因难以将操纵杆控制器用作鼠标类型的装置而受到限制的那些策略游戏(如棋类或战争游戏)将变得更为友好。就包含策略的视频游戏而言,用户可以在山坡上指挥军队攻击敌人。在另一个实施例中,该输入装置可用于电视节目编排。总之,将与光颜色的改变相关的模式改变和跟踪光源移动的功能进行结合的能力使得实现上述这些特征成为现实。
本发明可采用各种用计算机实现的操作,这些操作涉及存储在计算机系统中的数据。这些操作是那些要求对物理量进行物理处理的操作。通常,尽管非必要,这些量采用能够被存储、传输、组合、比较和以其他方式处理的电信号或磁信号的形式。而且,执行的这些处理通常用例如产生、识别、确定或比较等术语来称呼。
任何本文所述的、形成本发明的一部分的操作均为有用的机器操作。本发明也涉及用于执行这些操作的装置或设备。可以为所需目的专门构建上述设备,或者,它可以是一种通用的计算机,这种计算机由存储在其中的计算机程序选择性地启动或配置。特别地,可以将各种通用机器与根据本文的教导所写的计算机程序一起使用,或者,更为方便的是,构建更为专门的设备来执行所要求的操作。
为便于理解,尽管已相当详细地说明了之前的发明,但是,显而易见,可以进行特定的变更和修改。例如,尽管提供了与视频游戏有关的特定实例,但上述应用也可应用于任何需要某种交互的计算机或计算装置。该计算装置可以是单个的独立单元,或者,通过本地或全球网络可以与其他计算装置互连。因此,应当认为当前的实施例是说明性的而非限制性的,且本发明不限于本文给出的细节,相反,在本说明书和等价物的范围内,可以对其进行修改。

Claims (50)

1.一种用于触发计算系统上运行的程序的输入命令的方法,包括:
监视图像捕获装置前方的视场;
识别所述视场内的光源;
检测从所述光源发出的光的改变;以及
响应检测到所述改变,触发所述计算系统上运行的程序的输入命令。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述改变是颜色改变和亮度变化改变的其中之一。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述光源是能够发出多种颜色的光的发光二极管(LED)。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,识别所述视场内的光源的方法操作包括,
在所述视场内掩蔽背景光效应。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述视场内掩蔽背景光效应的方法操作包括,
减少允许进入所述图像捕获装置的孔的光量。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述输入命令引起与在显示屏上显示的光标相联系的模式改变,所述显示屏与所述计算系统相关联。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,识别所述视场内的光源的方法操作包括,
在与所述图像捕获装置相关联的网格内定义表示所述光源的区域;以及
在所述网格内扩大表示所述光源的区域。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述网格内扩大表示所述光源的区域的方法操作包括,
使所述图像捕获装置相对于所述光源散焦。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,识别所述视场内的光源的方法操作包括,
通过与所述图像捕获装置相关联的网格来计算表示所述光源的图像的形心。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,还包括:
将所述形心的坐标变换成与所述计算系统相关联的显示屏上的一个位置;
在所述视场内检测所述光源的移动;以及
将所述光源的移动与所述显示屏上的光标的移动相关联。
11.一种用于在图像捕获装置的视场内检测来自输入源的输入命令的方法,包括:
使进入所述图像捕获装置的光量最小;
通过所述图像捕获装置检测来自所述输入源的第一色光;
检测从所述第一色光到第二色光的改变;以及
响应所述第一色光信号的改变,呈现模式改变。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,使进入图像捕获装置的光量最小的方法操作包括:
减小所述图像捕获装置的孔径尺寸,以相对于其他捕获的图像数据增强表示来自所述输入源的光的信号。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,减小所述图像捕获装置的孔径尺寸的方法操作导致滤除了能干扰从所述输入装置接收的光的背景光。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,通过所述图像捕获装置检测来自所述光源的第一色光信号的方法操作包括,
在与所述图像捕获装置相关联的坐标系统上确定所述第一色光信号的中心位置;以及
将所述位置映射到显示屏上的相应位置。
15.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,检测所述第一色光到第二色光的改变的方法操作包括,
检测来自所述输入源的所述第二色光;以及
将与所述第一色光相关联的像素值与和所述第二色光相关联的像素值进行比较。
16.如权利要求11所述的方法,还包括:
从所述第二色光变回所述第一色光;以及
响应变回所述第一色光,终止所述模式改变。
17.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述模式改变与点击和拖曳操作以及加亮操作其中之一相关联。
18.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一色光和所述第二色光由单个发光二极管和多个发光二极管其中之一发出。
19.一种计算机可读介质,具有用于触发计算系统上运行的程序的输入命令的程序指令,所述介质包括:
用于监视图像捕获装置前方的视场的程序指令;
用于识别所述视场内的光源的程序指令;
用于检测从所述光源发出的光的改变的程序指令;以及
用于响应检测到所述改变来触发所述计算系统上运行的程序的输入命令的程序指令。
20.如权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述改变是颜色改变和亮度变化改变的其中之一。
21.如权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述光源是能够发出多种颜色的光的发光二极管。
22.如权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,用于识别所述视场内的光源的程序指令包括,
用于在所述视场内掩蔽背景光效应的程序指令。
23.如权利要求22所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,用于在所述视场内掩蔽背景光效应的程序指令包括,
用于减少允许进入所述图像捕获装置的孔的光量的程序指令。
24.如权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述输入命令引起与在显示屏上显示的光标相联系的模式改变,所述显示屏与所述计算系统相关联。
25.如权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,用于识别所述视场内的光源的程序指令包括,
用于在与所述图像捕获装置相关联的网格内定义表示所述光源的区域的程序指令;以及
用于在所述网格内扩大表示所述光源的区域的程序指令。
26.如权利要求25所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,用于在所述网格内扩大表示所述光源的区域的程序指令包括,
用于使所述图像捕获装置相对于所述光源散焦的程序指令。
27.如权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,用于识别所述视场内的光源的程序指令包括,
用于通过与所述图像捕获装置相关联的网格来计算表示所述光源的图像的形心的程序指令。
28.如权利要求27所述的计算机可读介质,还包括,
用于将所述形心的坐标变换为与所述计算系统相关联的显示屏上的位置的程序指令;
用于在所述视场内检测所述光源的移动的程序指令;以及
用于将所述光源的移动与光标在所述显示屏上的移动相关联的程序指令。
29.一种计算机可读介质,具有用于在图像捕获装置的视场内检测来自输入源的输入命令的程序指令,所述介质包括:
用于使进入所述图像捕获装置的光量最小的程序指令;
用于通过所述图像捕获装置检测来自所述输入源的第一色光的程序指令;
用于检测从所述第一色光到第二色光的改变的程序指令;以及
用于响应所述第一色光信号的改变而触发模式改变的程序指令。
30.如权利要求29所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,用于使进入图像捕获装置的光量最小的程序指令包括,
用于减小所述图像捕获装置的孔径尺寸的程序指令。
31.如权利要求29所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,
用于通过所述图像捕获装置检测来自所述光源的第一色光的程序指令包括,
用于在与所述图像捕获装置相关联的坐标系统上确定所述第一色光的中心位置的程序指令;
用于将所述位置映射到显示屏上的相应位置的程序指令。
32.如权利要求29所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,用于通过所述图像捕获装置检测来自所述光源的第一色光的程序指令包括,
用于使所述图像捕获装置相对于所述光源散焦的程序指令。
33.如权利要求29所述的计算机可读介质,还包括:
用于从所述第二色光变回所述第一色光的程序指令;
用于响应变回所述第一色光而终止所述模式改变的程序指令。
34.一种计算系统,包括:
图像捕获装置;
用于监视与所述图像捕获装置相关联的视场的逻辑;
用于跟踪与输入对象相关联的光源的位置的逻辑;
用于检测所述光源的颜色改变的逻辑;以及
用于响应检测到的所述光源颜色改变而触发通过所述计算系统运行的主程序的模式改变命令的逻辑。
35.如权利要求34所述的计算系统,其特征在于,所述计算系统是游戏控制台、通用计算机、网络计算机和分布式计算机其中之一。
36.如权利要求34所述的计算系统,其特征在于,用于检测所述光源的颜色改变的逻辑包括,
用于检测与所述光源相关联的像素值的改变的逻辑;以及
用于检测所述光源相对于所述图像捕获装置的位置改变的逻辑。
37.如权利要求34所述的计算系统,其特征在于,每个逻辑元素为硬件和软件其中之一或其组合。
38.如权利要求36所述的计算系统,其特征在于,用于检测所述光源相对于所述图像捕获装置的位置改变的逻辑包括,
用于通过与所述图像捕获装置相关联的网格来计算表示所述光源的图像的形心的逻辑;
用于将所述形心的坐标变换为与所述计算系统相关联的显示屏上的位置的逻辑;
用于在所述视场内检测所述光源的移动的逻辑;以及
用于将所述光源的移动与光标在所述显示屏上的移动相关联的逻辑。
39.如权利要求38所述的计算系统,其特征在于,用于将所述光源的移动与光标在所述显示屏上的移动相关联的逻辑包括,
用于根据用户相对于所述图像捕获装置的距离来调节标度的逻辑,所述标度与所述光源的移动到所述光标的移动的变换有关。
40.如权利要求34所述的计算系统,还包括:
用于使进入所述图像捕获装置的光量最小、以便掩蔽与所述光源无关的背景光的逻辑。
41.一种用于与计算装置连系的输入装置,包括:
主体;
附设到所述主体的发光二极管(LED);
所述LED的电源;
集成到所述主体中的模式改变激励器,所述模式改变激励器配置成引起从所述LED发出的光的变化,其中所述变化能够被检测到,以引起所述计算装置处的模式改变。
42.如权利要求41所述的输入装置,其特征在于,所述模式改变激励器配置成在所述光的两种变化之间循环往复。
43.如权利要求41所述的输入装置,其特征在于,所述主体包括第一端和第二端、设置到所述第一端的第一LED、设置到所述第二端的第二LED。
44.如权利要求43所述的输入装置,其特征在于,所述第一LED发出光的第一变体,并且所述第二LED发出光的第二变体。
45.如权利要求41所述的输入装置,还包括,
红外发射器。
46.如权利要求41所述的输入装置,其特征在于,所述主体包括与第二LED相邻的第一LED,所述第一LED发出光的第一变体,并且所述第二LED发出光的第二变体。
47.如权利要求41所述的输入装置,其特征在于,所述主体配置成由人手持握。
48.如权利要求41所述的输入装置,其特征在于,所述主体是配置成套在人手指上的环状物。
49.如权利要求41所述的输入装置,其特征在于,所述主体为套环状,并且所述LED设置在所述套环状的主体的基部。
50.如权利要求41所述的输入装置,其特征在于,所述模式改变激励器配置成在至少三种光变体改变之间循环往复。
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