CN101256279B - Display method and apparatus - Google Patents
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- CN101256279B CN101256279B CN200810085750.8A CN200810085750A CN101256279B CN 101256279 B CN101256279 B CN 101256279B CN 200810085750 A CN200810085750 A CN 200810085750A CN 101256279 B CN101256279 B CN 101256279B
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Images
Abstract
The present invention provides a method and device of forming image on the display by utilizing ac otnrol matrix controlling the movement based on the light modulation of MEMS.
Description
The application be the applying date be February 23 in 2006 day, be called the dividing an application of No. 200680005808.2 application for a patent for invention of " display packing and device ".
Technical field
This invention relates generally to field of image, the invention particularly relates to for controlling the circuit of the photomodulator that is combined in this image display.
Background technology
With the display that mechanical photomodulator forms, it is a kind of alternative replacement scheme that has temptation of the display based on liquid crystal technology.Quick must being enough to by good visual angle and large-scale color and gray scale display of video content of photomodulator of machinery.The photomodulator of machinery is obtained successfully in projection display applications.Yet the backlit display that uses mechanical photomodulator does not but also have apparent brightness and the lower powered combination that enough has temptation.In affiliated technical field, need display quick, bright, lower powered mechanical actuation.Especially need can be at a high speed and with the display of the mechanical actuation of low voltage drive to improve picture quality and to reduce power consumption.
Summary of the invention
Such display can be used with array of gating matrix shutter assembly that be combined, based on MEMS and form, and this gating matrix comprises being arranged to and opens and closes switch and the electrode that is incorporated into the shutter in this shutter assembly.In one aspect, the present invention relates to a display device.In one embodiment, this display device comprises a pel array.This pel array comprises having a plurality of apertures and corresponding to the substrate (substrate) of a plurality of shutters in these apertures.Each pixel comprises at least one aperture and a shutter corresponding to this aperture.This display device also comprises a gating matrix that is connected to this substrate.For a pixel in this pel array, this gating matrix comprises that a switch, a shutter open electrode and a shutter close electrode.This switch and electrode make it possible to optionally transverse to the move shutter of this pixel of this substrate, with the light of modulating this pixel of directive to form an image.
In various implementations, this switch can be a transistor, a diode or a rheostat.In one embodiment, this switch is arranged to and controls one and be applied to this shutter and open the current potential on electrode.In another embodiment, this switch is arranged to and adjusts a current potential being applied on this shutter close electrode.In another embodiment, this gating matrix comprises that one for the second switch of this pixel, thereby switch is controlled one and is applied to that this shutter is opened the current potential on electrode and this second switch is controlled a current potential being applied on this shutter close electrode.
This gating matrix can also comprise that a memory element is for storing shutter movement instruction.In one embodiment, for each shutter, open and shutter close electrode, this memory element respectively comprises a capacitor.Alternative alternative memory element includes, but are not limited to, SRAM or DRAM circuit.
In an implementation, this gating matrix also comprises that one for the interconnection of energizing of writing of this pixel.This is write the interconnection of energizing and is arranged to reception and transmits one and write the current potential of energizing, if this is write to the current potential of energizing, puts on a pixel, just makes it possible to write data to this pixel.In one embodiment, a plurality of pixels are arranged to a sweep trace.Public sweep trace interconnection of pixel sharing in a sweep trace.
In one embodiment, this gating matrix also comprises a start voltage interconnection.This start voltage interconnection receives and is enough to its amplitude of a pixel transmission current potential of a shutter of start.In other are realized, this gating matrix also comprise one with this start voltage distinct data interconnect that interconnects.So distinct data interconnect transmits movement instruction to this pixel, and this movement instruction is adjusted again to this shutter and applied start voltage.In one embodiment, this gating matrix comprises that two data interconnects, shutter open interconnection and a shutter close interconnection.
This display device can comprise data voltage source and start voltage source separately.In the embodiment all comprising at two kinds of voltage sources, this start voltage source is exported one than the high voltage of this data voltage source amplitude.For example the amplitude of this start voltage source output can be at least twice, four times or five times of amplitude of the output in this data voltage source.
More specifically, in the embodiment of two switches of every pixel, for example, in an above-described embodiment, this first switch is electrically connected to this shutter and opens interconnection, first capacitor and this start pressure-wire.This second switch in this pixel is electrically connected to this shutter close interconnection, this second capacitor and the interconnection of this start voltage.In response to open interconnection by this shutter, to this first switch, apply a voltage, this first switch promotes this first capacitor discharge, thus shutter corresponding to start.In response to applying a voltage by this shutter close interconnection to this second switch, this second switch promotes this second capacitor discharge, thus shutter corresponding to start.In an alternative alternate embodiment, in response to open interconnection by this shutter, to this first switch, apply a voltage, this first switch promotes this first capacitor charging, thus shutter corresponding to start.In response to applying a voltage by this shutter close interconnection to this second switch, this second switch promotes this second capacitor charging, thus shutter corresponding to start.
In various embodiments, this gating matrix comprises an overall common interconnect.This overall situation common interconnect is connected at least two row of this pel array and the pixel in two row.This overall situation common interconnect can play one and make it possible to the almost overall start interconnection of the multirow of start simultaneously pixel.This overall situation common interconnect can also work to be supported in the average DC voltage that 0V is provided on the shutter in this pel array.
A second aspect, the present invention relates to a display device that comprises a pel array and a gating matrix.This pel array comprises the substrate with a plurality of apertures and a plurality of shutters.Each pixel comprises at least one aperture and at least one shutter corresponding to this aperture.Each shutter has at least one mechanical bearings with the parallel plane plane being limited by this substrate by the movement limit to of this shutter substantially.This gating matrix be connected to this substrate for the light of modulating this substrate of directive to form an image.For a pixel, this gating matrix comprises that a shutter opens electrode, a shutter close electrode and a switch, this switch is opened electrode and this shutter close electrode one to this shutter and is applied a voltage for optionally controlling, with the shutter corresponding to this pixel and this shutter, open between this in electrode and this shutter close electrode and produce an electric field, thereby substantially in this plane of movement, transverse to this substrate, drive statically this corresponding shutter.
A third aspect, the present invention relates to form the method for an image on a display.In one embodiment, the method comprises a sweep trace selecting this display.This sweep trace comprises a plurality of pixels.The method also comprises that a shutter optionally adjusting a pixel opens a voltage in actuator and/or a shutter close actuator, thus make this shutter open an aperture that actuator or this shutter close actuator can be in being defined in a substrate near the corresponding shutter that laterally moves.The method also comprises to the plurality of pixel guide lights to form an image.
In one embodiment, adjusting this voltage comprises a capacitor charging.In another embodiment, adjusting this voltage comprises and makes a capacitor discharge.In another embodiment, adjust this voltage and comprise to a switch and apply first current potential with the first amplitude, to adjust, apply second current potential having significantly by a relatively large margin.In this embodiment, large this shutter of start that must be enough to of the amplitude of this second current potential is opened this in actuator and this shutter close actuator.
In another embodiment, adjusting this voltage is included in and on a memory element corresponding to a pixel, stores a shutter movement instruction.In various implementations, this memory element can comprise a capacitor, a SRAM circuit or a DRAM circuit.
In one embodiment, make this shutter open actuator or this shutter close actuator corresponding shutter that can move and comprise an actuator of excitation.In another embodiment, this enables to comprise that reducing significantly this shutter of excitation opens this needed additional minimum voltage change in actuator and this shutter close actuator.Follow-uply apply an overall start voltage and provide the needed maintenance minimum voltage of these pixels of start to change.
In another embodiment, the method comprises a second series pixel selecting to be arranged to second sweep trace.This second series pixel has corresponding shutter and opens energy storage device and shutter close energy storage device.For at least one in the pixel in this second sweep trace, the method also comprise make second shutter open second aperture that actuator or second shutter close actuator can be in this substrate near the second corresponding shutter that laterally moves.Then apply an overall start voltage substantially side by side to start the transverse movement of this corresponding shutter.
A fourth aspect, the present invention relates to one and comprise that a pel array and one are for controlling the display device of the gating matrix of these pixels.This pel array comprises a substrate with the shutter of a plurality of apertures and a plurality of correspondences.Each pixel in this array comprises at least one aperture and corresponding shutter.This shutter is arranged to transverse to this substrate motion.
For a pixel in this pel array, this gating matrix comprises that one is write the interconnection of energizing, a start voltage interconnection, a switch and a data voltage interconnection.This writes the interconnection of energizing makes a pixel in this pel array can receive shutter movement instruction.In one embodiment, a plurality of pixels in this pel array---be called a sweep trace, share public the writing interconnection of energizing.The interconnection of this start voltage provides one to be enough to make the voltage that these shutters can transverse movement.In one embodiment, this allows to transverse movement and can comprise actuator that is connected to a shutter of direct-drive.In another embodiment, this allows to transverse movement and comprises that significantly reducing the needed voltage of start that starts such actuator changes.In such embodiments, the change of the minimum voltage of these needs applies through an overall start interconnection.In one embodiment, this start voltage interconnection is by a plurality of pixels, such as the pixel in row of this pel array, shares.This switch, for example, transistor, rheostat or a diode, optionally a voltage management based on receiving from this data voltage interconnection applies the voltage from this start voltage interconnection to this shutter.If shutter is by start, this shutter with respect to this substrate transverse movement optionally to make light pass its corresponding aperture, thereby form an image.In one embodiment, in a pixel, a resistor separates this switch and the interconnection of this start voltage.
In one embodiment, this display device also comprises a start voltage source and a data voltage source.The amplitude of the voltage of being exported by this start voltage source is significantly greater than the amplitude by the voltage of this data voltage source output.In a specific embodiment, its amplitude of this start voltage source output is greater than the voltage of twice of amplitude of the voltage of this data voltage source output.In another embodiment, its amplitude of this start voltage source output is greater than the voltage of four times of the amplitude of the voltage of exporting in this data voltage source.In another embodiment, its amplitude of this start voltage source output is greater than the voltage of five times of the amplitude of the voltage of exporting in this data voltage source.
In another embodiment, this gating matrix comprises a second data voltage interconnection for a pixel.Second switch of this second data voltage interconnected control.To the interconnection of this first data voltage, apply a predetermined voltage and make it possible to open a corresponding shutter, and to this second data voltage interconnection, apply a predetermined voltage and make it possible to close this shutter.In an alternative alternate embodiment, a pixel comprises an elastic component that is connected to one end of the shutter in this pixel, with in the situation that not applying this start voltage with respect to this substrate this shutter that laterally moves.
In one embodiment, a pixel comprises that a memory element is for storing current shutter position or the shutter position in the future of expection.This memory element can comprise a capacitor, a SRAM circuit and/or a DRAM circuit.When the used time of doing that this capacitor plays a memory element, this gating matrix by storing the shutter position of an expection by the store voltages in this data voltage interconnection on this capacitor.
At this control array, for a pixel, comprise that in some embodiments of a capacitor, this shutter is in response to the charging transverse movement of this capacitor.In other embodiments, this shutter is in response to the electric discharge transverse movement of this capacitor.
Aspect one the 5th, the present invention relates to a display device that comprises a pel array and a gating matrix.This pel array comprises that one has a plurality of apertures and corresponding to the substrate of a plurality of shutters in these apertures.This shutter has at least one and substantially the range of movement of this shutter is restricted to a mechanical bearings that is parallel to the plane of movement of the plane being limited by this substrate.For a pixel, this gating matrix comprises that one is write the interconnection of energizing, a start interconnection, a switch and a data voltage interconnection.This data voltage interconnection is carried one for controlling the voltage of this switch, thereby be adjusted at and in an actuator that is connected to a corresponding shutter, apply the voltage by this start voltage interconnection carrying, thereby make this corresponding shutter can substantially in this plane of movement, carry out quiet electrically driven (operated) motion.
Aspect one the 6th, the present invention relates to a kind of method that forms an image on a display.In one embodiment, the method comprises that to a plurality of pixels that are arranged to a sweep trace, applying one writes the voltage of energizing, and applies a start voltage at least one in the pixel in this sweep trace.The method also comprises optionally and applies a data voltage to a switch corresponding to a pixel in this sweep trace, applies this start voltage, thereby adjust a position that is connected to the shutter of this actuator to control to an actuator in this pixel.In one embodiment, the amplitude of this start voltage is at least twice of the amplitude of this data voltage.In another embodiment, the amplitude of this start voltage is at least four times of amplitude of this data voltage.This shutter changes position by near a transverse movement substrate.In one embodiment, the method comprises this actuator ground connection, thereby makes a flexible restoring force this shutter laterally can be driven into a rest position.In another embodiment, in response to apply an overall start voltage generation transverse movement to these pixels.
In another embodiment, the method is included in the desired location that this pixel place stores this shutter.In one embodiment, the shutter position of storing this expection comprises, for example, with this data voltage, a capacitor is charged.In an alternative alternate embodiment, store this desired location and comprise and make a capacitor discharge.In another embodiment, store this desired location and be included in a SRAM circuit being included in this pixel or a DRAM circuit and store this shutter position.
Aspect one the 7th, the present invention relates to a display device, this display device comprises that at least one a plurality of row at a pel array neutralizes electrical interconnection shared between the pixel in a plurality of row.More specifically, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to a display device that comprises a pel array and a gating matrix.This pel array comprises a substrate with a plurality of apertures.This pel array also comprises a plurality of shutters.Each shutter is corresponding to an aperture.Each pixel comprises one or more aperture shutter pair.This shutter is arranged to respect to this substrate transverse movement.This gating matrix comprises a public electrical connection of sharing between one group of pixel.A plurality of row that this group pixel is included in this pel array neutralize the pixel in a plurality of row.This gating matrix also comprises a plurality of data voltage interconnection.Every row pixel in this pel array all has the interconnection of its oneself corresponding data voltage.For a pixel in this pel array, this gating matrix comprises a switch, and this switching response is in the start that is applied to the corresponding shutter of a Control of Voltage in this data voltage interconnection.
In one embodiment, this public electrical connection plays an overall start interconnection.In some such embodiments, to this data voltage interconnection, apply a data voltage and reduce significantly the needed minimum voltage change of motion that starts a shutter.When the used time of doing that this public electrical connection plays an overall start interconnection, this public electrical connection provides this additional minimum voltage to change.Thereby, in response to this public electrical connection being applied to an overall start voltage, be allly connected to shutter this public electrical connection, that will move to form a given picture frame and as one man move.This display device can also comprise that an overall start voltage source is for applying a voltage to this public electrical connection.
In another embodiment, this public electrical connection plays a public power consumption (current drain), for accepting to be stored in the electric current of the pixel that this public electrical connection is attached thereto.In some embodiments, this shutter is in response to the electric discharge start of a corresponding capacitor.In the used time of doing of playing a public power consumption, the electric current of this discharge generation is accepted in this public electrical connection, thereby makes it possible to start and this shutter of motion.
In one embodiment, this shutter is supported by bistable state shutter assembly.This shutter assembly can be electricity and/or mechanical bistable.In one embodiment, thereby shutter assembly both comprised a shutter open actuator for along a path lateral transverse to this substrate this shutter that moves open this shutter, thereby comprise again a shutter close actuator for along transverse to one of this substrate contrary path lateral this shutter that moves close this shutter.In one embodiment, a pixel can also comprise that a memory element is for storing the shutter position of one or more expection.In such embodiment, corresponding to the switch of this pixel by store the shutter position that this data voltage is stored this expection in this storage unit.
An eight aspect, the present invention relates to partly the method that forms an image on a display that is connected electrically in of sharing between a plurality of row of a pel array in a display device and the pixel in a plurality of row by utilizing.In one embodiment, the method comprises first sweep trace selecting this display.This first sweep trace comprises a plurality of pixels.For at least one in the pixel in selected sweep trace, adjust voltage in an actuator so that can near laterally motion being formed at an aperture in the substrate that builds thereon this shutter corresponding to a shutter of this actuator.The method also comprises second sweep trace selecting to comprise second group of pixel, and adjust the voltage in an actuator in one of pixel in this second group of pixel, thus make second shutter can second aperture in this substrate near laterally motion.In one embodiment, by the switch to corresponding to this actuator, apply a data voltage and adjust the voltage in this actuator.A pixel can have a single switch or can have switch separately for opening and closing shutter.The amplitude of the voltage of being adjusted by this switch in one embodiment, is significantly higher than the amplitude of this data voltage.In one embodiment, a shutter can be moved comprise to reduce significantly and occur that start is required to be applied to a minimum voltage in actuator and to change.
The method also comprises and applies an overall start voltage to connecting an overall start interconnection of a plurality of row of this display and the pixel in a plurality of sweep trace, thereby encourages these actuator.In one embodiment, this overall situation start interconnection provides a public power consumption, for accepting to be stored in the electric current in these pixels of this pel array, thereby makes this actuator being enabled can start.Then this aperture of light directive to form an image on this display.
In one embodiment, the shutter in this pel array is supported by shutter assembly.This shutter assembly can be electricity and/or mechanical bistable.
Can be partly by utilizing the asymmetry of the electric capacity of the various elements in this display to reduce the needed power of display of operation.This display comprises a pel array.Particularly, each pixel in this display comprises that at least one has the actuator of two electrodes.An electrode has the electric capacity higher than another electrode.In addition, in the signal of the pixel for addressing and this display of start, some signals are compared the voltage amplitude that other signal experience are larger and are swung, and some signals switch frequently than other signals.On the lower capacitance electrode of each pixel, drive the voltage of these higher amplitude or upper frequency to improve power management.
More specifically, aspect one the 9th, the present invention relates to a display device that comprises a shutter assembly and a gating matrix.This shutter assembly comprises a shutter and a drive electrode.This shutter assembly and drive electrode have significantly different electric capacity.This shutter assembly is configured such that, responds and between this shutter and this drive electrode, produces a potential difference (PD), and this shutter is pulled to this drive electrode statically.In one embodiment, this shutter assembly comprises that is restricted to the range of movement of this shutter the mechanical bearings with the plane of a substrate parallel that builds this shutter assembly thereon substantially.
This gating matrix comprises a first voltage interconnection, for applying first voltage with first amplitude to this shutter or drive electrode.This gating matrix also comprises a second voltage interconnection, for applying a second voltage with second amplitude to this shutter or drive electrode.Suppose that this shutter has the electric capacity higher than this drive electrode, if the amplitude of this voltage being applied by this first voltage interconnection is less than the amplitude of this voltage being applied by this second voltage interconnection, and this first voltage is connected to this shutter, this second voltage is connected to this drive electrode.If not, this first voltage is connected to this drive electrode and this second voltage is connected to this shutter.Conversely, if this shutter has the electric capacity lower than this drive electrode, if the amplitude of this voltage being applied by this first voltage interconnection is greater than the amplitude of this voltage being applied by this second voltage interconnection, and this first voltage is connected to this shutter, this second voltage is connected to this drive electrode.
In one embodiment, this second voltage is ground connection or close to ground connection.In another embodiment, this second voltage changes between half in the pact of ground connection and this first voltage.This second voltage interconnection can play an overall start interconnection.
In one embodiment, to this drive electrode, apply this first voltage and open this shutter.In an alternative alternate embodiment, to this drive electrode, apply this first voltage and close this shutter.In another embodiment, to this drive electrode, apply this first voltage only not by this second voltage interconnection this shutter (open or close) that moves in the situation that this shutter applies a voltage.
In another embodiment, this shutter assembly comprises second drive electrode that is connected to a tertiary voltage interconnection.To this first drive electrode, apply this first voltage and cause this shutter assembly that this shutter is moved to a position of opening, to this second drive electrode, apply a tertiary voltage and close this shutter.Yet, in one embodiment, apply this second voltage and prevent shutter motion.
Aspect one the tenth, the present invention relates to the method for an image of a kind of formation.In one embodiment, the shutter assembly that provides to have a shutter and a drive electrode is provided the method.This shutter and drive electrode have significantly different electric capacity.To any in this shutter and this drive electrode, apply first voltage.To another in this shutter and this drive electrode, apply a second voltage, thereby produce a potential difference (PD) between this shutter and this drive electrode.This potential difference (PD) pulls to this drive electrode this shutter.This first voltage is higher than this second voltage.Thereby, if this shutter has an electric capacity higher than this drive electrode, to this drive electrode, apply this first voltage.If this shutter has an electric capacity lower than this drive electrode, to this shutter, apply this first voltage.
In yet another aspect, system and method as herein described comprises portable handset, there is a housing, one in this housing and there is the display board of an optical modulation layer, this optical modulation layer has a plurality of shutters that can transverse movement, can, by corresponding shutter laterally being moved through to the path light modulated of a line of light propagating, a corresponding pixel is arranged to one, open state or an off status.Gating matrix be connected to this display board with provide this in can the shutter of transverse movement accordingly can transverse movement the control of shutter, the shutter that this can transverse movement to move is with light modulated.This gating matrix can be for a passive or active matrix display, and can have a plurality of each each control circuit that are associated with a corresponding movable shutter.A power supply is placed in this housing and is connected to this light source and this controller.This portable handset can be mainly game console, mobile phone, audio player, video player, wrist-watch, e-book, digital camera, televisor, GNSS receiver and kneetop computer.
Selectively, this portable handset has a display controller that is connected to this gating matrix, for controlling this movable shutter elements to show an image.This display controller can comprise a coloured image generator, a kind of programmable logical unit typically, this coloured image generator can be determined an open and closed sequence of this movable shutter, and for driving corresponding movable shutter to show a coloured image by determined sequence.
Selectively, and alternatively, this portable handset can have at least one and be placed in the chromatic filter in this display board, and this display controller can comprise an isochronous controller, this isochronous controller be connected to this display board and produce a synchronizing pulse with by predetermined time interval one group of movable shutter is moved to a state of choosing.Can use a video memory, this video memory has for the storer of picture signal and is connected to this controller, and this storer can be a portable memory storage apparatus.
This display board can have the transparent substrate on the lower surface that is connected to this optical modulation layer, and a light source that is placed in this transparent substrate below.Can use a plurality of light sources, each in the plurality of light source can both produce a color of choosing, and can provide this display controller or an independent optical controller sequentially to encourage the plurality of light source to show a coloured image.This display controller can also provide or have a colour bits controller for controlling the quantity for generation of the colour bits of an image.
This device can have one and be connected to this housing and can respond the user's interface device that user command produces input signal, and on a upper surface that is placed in this display board and can produce the touch-sensitive screen of the signal that represents a position of just being pressed by a user on this display board.This cover plate can have the thickness of an inside deformation that is selected to limit an external pressure of response and produces, and the supporting member being placed between this optical modulation substrate and a cover plate can and support this cover plate near this cover plate.
A power controller can be connected to this power supply and have a plurality of mode of operations for optionally controlling the power extracting from this power supply.
A timer can be commanded this power controller to change after the time period of choosing through one and driven the amplitude of this light source or change the selection of time of switching this light source.This power controller can be controlled at least one the selection of time switched in these light sources to produce the color of extracting less power from this power supply, and this power controller can control a light source, with the light source generation monochromatic light with a non-switching.
An intensity detector can be connected to this power controller, for measuring the light of this outside and for optionally controlling according to this measurement the power extracting from this power supply at least in part.
One is formed on this optical modulation layer, is connected to this gating matrix and is arranged for can being reduced to the movable contact element (contact) of a corresponding movable shutter motion voltage that this shutter of motion applies.
The method of using and manufacturing said apparatus has also been described.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By the following detailed description meeting the present invention carried out with reference to accompanying drawing above discussion easier to understand:
Figure 1A is according to the isometric view of the display device of an exemplary of the present invention;
Figure 1B is according to the block scheme of a kind of display device of an exemplary of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is according to the isometric view of the shutter assembly in an exemplary of the present invention display device that is suitable for being incorporated into Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are the isometric views that is suitable for being incorporated into the moving shutter assembly of double cropping in the display device of Fig. 1 according to an exemplary of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the top view of array that is suitable for being incorporated into a shutter assembly in the display device of Fig. 1 according to an exemplary of the present invention.
Fig. 5 A is according to the conceptual scheme of a gating matrix of the shutter assembly that is applicable to the display device shown in control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Fig. 5 B is according to the isometric view of the array of a pixel of the shutter assembly of the gating matrix that comprises Fig. 5 A of an exemplary of the present invention and Fig. 2;
Fig. 6 is according to the diagram of second gating matrix of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is according to the diagram of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention the 3rd gating matrix;
Fig. 8 is according to the process flow diagram of a kind of method of the pixel of the gating matrix of addressing Fig. 7 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is according to the diagram of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention the 4th gating matrix;
Figure 10 is that an exemplary according to the present invention is carried out the process flow diagram of a kind of method of addressing to the pixel of the gating matrix of Fig. 9;
Figure 11 is according to the diagram of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention the 5th gating matrix;
Figure 12 is that an exemplary according to the present invention is carried out the process flow diagram of a kind of method of addressing to the pixel of the gating matrix of Figure 11;
Figure 13 is according to the diagram of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention the 6th gating matrix;
Figure 14 is according to the diagram of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention the 7th gating matrix;
Figure 15 is according to the diagram of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention the 8th gating matrix;
Figure 16 is according to the diagram of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention the 9th gating matrix;
Figure 17 is according to the diagram of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention the tenth gating matrix;
Figure 18 is according to the diagram of the 11 gating matrix of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Figure 19 is according to the diagram of the 12 gating matrix of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Figure 20 illustrates according to a kind of portable handset of the present invention embodiment;
Figure 21 illustrates the example of an image of the type that can show on the portable handset shown in Figure 20 in more detail;
Figure 22 illustrates a functional block diagram of the function element of the portable handset shown in Figure 20;
Figure 23 illustrates the function element of the display controller shown in Figure 22 in further detail;
Figure 24 A is the conceptual scheme that is applicable to control a gating matrix of movable shutter in a display board;
Figure 24 B is an isometric view of a pel array that comprises the gating matrix of Figure 24 A;
Figure 25 A, 25B and 25C illustrate in greater detail the alternative alternate embodiment according to a display board of the present invention, and wherein Figure 25 B comprises three chromatic filters;
Figure 26 illustrates an alternative alternate embodiment with a display board backlight;
Figure 27 illustrates an alternative alternate embodiment of a display board;
Figure 28 illustrates according to a portable handset of the present invention alternative alternate embodiment;
Figure 29 illustrates according to a portable unit of the present invention smart phone embodiment;
Figure 30 A and 30B illustrate according to a portable unit of the present invention e-book embodiment;
Figure 31 A illustrates has display, a wrist-watch embodiment of the present invention that illustrates in greater detail the segmentation in Figure 31 B;
Figure 32 illustrates a media player embodiment of this portable handset;
Figure 33 illustrates a GNSS receiver portable handset;
Figure 34 illustrates one according to kneetop computer of the present invention;
Figure 35 and 36 illustrates a kind of alternative alternate embodiment of MEMS display board; And
Figure 37 illustrates an embodiment of a kind of MEMS of the reflection display board that is applicable to illustrated device herein.
Specific embodiments
In order to provide overall understanding of the present invention, some exemplary will be described below, comprise the device and the method that show image.Yet one of ordinary skill in the art will be understood that, herein illustrated system and method can be suitably for for application change and modify, and herein illustrated system and method can be in other suitable application, and other such supplementing and revise and can not depart from scope of the present invention.
Figure 1A is an isometric view according to the display device 100 of an exemplary of the present invention.Display device 100 comprises a plurality of photomodulators, specifically, and a plurality of shutter assembly 102a-102d that arrange by row and column (general designation " shutter assembly 102 ").In display device 100, shutter assembly 102a and the 102d state in opening, can pass through light.Shutter assembly 102b and the 102c state in closing, the path of blocking light.By the state of shutter assembly 102a-102d is optionally set, if by lamp 105 lighting display devices 100, just can utilize display device 100 to form an image 104 for carrying out projection or demonstration backlight.In another implementation, device 100 can come from by reflection an image of surround lighting formation in the place ahead of this device.
In display device 100, each shutter assembly 102 is corresponding to a pixel 106 in image 104.In other implementations, display device 100 can utilize a plurality of shutter assemblies to form a pixel 106 in image 104.For example, display device 100 can comprise the shutter assembly 102 of three particular colors.By optionally opening the shutter assembly 102 corresponding to one or more particular color of a specific pixel 106, display device 100 can produce a colour element 106 in image 104.In another example, the every pixel 106 of display device 100 comprises that two or more shutter assembly 102 is to provide a gray scale in image 104.With respect to an image, the minimum pixel that " pixel " determined corresponding to the resolution by image.With respect to the structure member of display device 100, term " pixel " refers to for modulating machinery and the electric component light, combination of the single pixel that forms image.
Each shutter assembly 102 comprises a shutter 108 and an aperture 109.For a pixel 106 in illumination image 104, shutter 108 is arranged to make it to allow light to pass aperture 109 towards a beholder.In order to keep a pixel 106 not to be illuminated, this shutter 108 is arranged to make it to interdict light through the passage in aperture 109.Aperture 109 is limited by a hole being patterned to through the reflecting material in each shutter assembly 102 or light absorbing material.
This display device also comprises a gating matrix that is connected to this substrate and this shutter assembly, for controlling the motion of this shutter.This gating matrix comprises a series of electrical interconnection (for example interconnecting 110,112 and 114), at least one writes energize interconnection 110 (also referred to as " sweep trace interconnection "), data interconnect 112 of every row pixel and a common interconnect 114 to comprise every row pixel, and this common interconnect is to all pixels or at least from a plurality of row of display device 100 and some pixels in a plurality of row two aspects, provide a common electric voltage.In response to applying a suitable voltage, (" write the voltage of energizing, V
we"), the interconnection 110 of energizing of writing of the pixel of a given row makes the pixel in this row be ready to accept new shutter movement instruction.Data interconnect 112 transmits this new shutter movement instruction with the form of data voltage pulse.In some implementations, the data voltage pulse that is applied to data interconnect 112 is directly worked to quiet electrically driven (operated) motion of shutter (electrostatic movement).In other realization, this data voltage pulse gauge tap, transistor or control other nonlinear circuit elements that apply start voltage separately to shutter assembly 102 for example, start voltage that should be separately generally in amplitude higher than this data voltage.So apply quiet electrically driven (operated) motion that these start voltages cause shutter 108.
Figure 1B is square frame Figure 150 for display device 100.Element except above-described display device 100, as shown at square frame Figure 150, display device 100 also comprises a plurality of scanner drivers 152 (also referred to as " writing the voltage source of energizing ") and a plurality of data driver 154 (also referred to as " data voltage source ").Scanner driver 152 applies and writes the voltage of energizing to sweep trace interconnection 110.Data driver 154 applies data voltage to data interconnect 112.In some embodiments of this display device, this data driver 154 is arranged to this shutter assembly analog data voltage is provided, in the time of especially will obtaining the gray scale of image 104 with analog form.In analog operation, shutter assembly 102 is designed so that, when applying the voltage between two parties of a scope through data interconnect 112, in shutter 108, cause the open mode between two parties of a scope, and therefore in image 104, cause illumination condition between two parties or the gray scale of a scope.
Other in the situation that data driver 154 be arranged to 2,3 or 4 digital voltage levels that this gating matrix only applied to a reduction group.These voltage levels are designed to, and in digital mode, each in these shutters 108 are made as to an open mode or a closed condition.
For example, for the All Drives (scanner driver 152, data driver 154, start driver 153 and overall start driver 155) of different Presentation Functions all by timing controlled 160 time synchronized of controller 156.Timer command is coordinated the illumination of red, green and blue lamps 162,164 and 166 by lamp driver 168, and coordinate this pel array specific row write energize and order, voltage from the output of the output of data driver 154 and the voltage of regulation shutter start.
If display device 100 is designed to numeral between the state opening and closing, switch shutter 108, controller 156 can be controlled the time interval between addressing sequence and/or picture frame, to produce the image 104 with suitable gray scale.The processing that produces variable gray level by controlling time quantum that a shutter 108 opens in a specific frame is called time-division gray scale.In an embodiment of time-division gray scale, the illumination that controller 156 is wished according to respective pixel or gray scale, determine the time period or the time portion that allow a shutter 108 in each frame, to remain in the state of opening.In another embodiment of time-division gray scale, according to the illumination that is suitable for 4 scale-of-two gray scales, frame time is divided into for example 15 equal subframes of duration.Then controller 156 by one clearly image be arranged in each of these 15 subframes.The brighter pixel of this image maintains open mode the most of these 15 subframes or all, and darker pixel is only set in open mode in a part for these subframes.In another embodiment of time-division gray scale, controller circuitry 156 and the position level importance that represents the coding gray scale word of an illumination value change the duration of a subframe series pro rata.In other words, can change according to scale-of-two series 1,2,4,8... the duration of these subframes.Then according to place value in the binary word of the predetermined gray scale of corresponding each pixel, a corresponding position, the state that in a specific subframe, the shutter 108 of this pixel is made as or is opened or closed.
A plurality of hybrid technologies can be used for forming gray scale, and these technology are controlled time division technique described above to combine with the independence of use or a plurality of shutters 108 of every pixel or backlight intensity.These technology are below describing further.
In one implementation, this gating matrix of addressing, provides control information to this pel array, by each line of addressing sequentially, completes, and these lines are sometimes referred to as sweep trace or the row of matrix.By energizing to writing of a given sweep trace, interconnection 110 applies V
weoptionally the data interconnect 112 of each row is applied to data voltage pulse V
d, this gating matrix can be controlled the motion of being write each shutter 108 in the row of having energized.By the every row pixel in display device 100, repeat these steps, this gating matrix can complete as each pixel setting movement instruction in display device 100.
In an alternative alternative implementation, this gating matrix is for example utilized the similarity of the movement instruction of pixel in the pixel of different rows, and the side by side interconnection 110 of energizing of writing to the pixel of a plurality of row applies V
wethereby, reduce and provide movement instruction required time quantum to all pixels in this display device 100.In another alternative alternative realization, with a kind of order of non-order, for example, with a pseudorandom order, the row described in addressing, so that the visual artifacts producing is sometimes minimized, is especially combined with the time-division of a coding during gray scale.
In some alternative alternate embodiment, this pel array and control comprises into the gating matrix of the pixel in this array and can arrange by the configuration that is different from the row and column of rectangle.For example this pixel can be by hexagonal array or the row and column arrangement of pressing curve.Generally, term sweep trace will refer to any a plurality of pixels of writing the interconnection of energizing of sharing when using in this article.
Shutter assembly
Fig. 2 is the diagram that is applicable to comprise into the exemplary shutter assembly 200 in the display device 100 of Fig. 1.Shutter assembly 200 comprises a shutter 202 that is connected to an actuator 204.Actuator 204 is formed by two flexible electrode beam actuator 205 of separating.Shutter 202 is connected to actuator 205 in a side.Actuator 205 this shutter that laterally moves in a plane of movement a surface, this plane of movement is arranged essentially parallel to this surface.The offside of this shutter is connected to a spring 207, and this spring provides a restoring force that the power applying with actuator 204 is contrary.
Each actuator 205 comprises a flexible load beam 206, and the load beam of this flexibility is connected to a load support point 208 shutter 202.This load support point 208 plays mechanical bearings with together with flexible load beam 206, keeps shutter 202 to suspend close to this surface.This surface comprises that one or more allows the aperture 211 that light passes through.Load support point 208 is physically connected to this surface flexible load beam 206 and shutter 202, and load beam 206 is electrically connected to a bias voltage, and in some cases, this bias voltage is ground connection.
Each actuator 204 also comprises near the soft drive beam 216 being arranged in each load beam 206.These drive beam 216 to be at one end connected to of being common between this driving beam 216 and drive the beam strong point 218.The other end of each driving beam 216 can free movement.Each drives beam 216 is crooked, makes it near the anchored end of the free end of this driving beam 216 and load beam 206, approach this load beam 206 most.
When work, comprise that a display device of shutter assembly 200 is through driving the beam strong point 218 to driving beam 216 to apply a current potential.Second current potential can be applied on load beam 206.Potential difference (PD) between resulting driving beam 216 and load beam 206 draws to the anchored end of load beam 206 free end that drives beam 216, and to the shutter end that drives the anchored end pulling load beam 206 of beam 216, thereby towards driving the strong point 218 laterally to drive shutter 202.Flexible member 206 plays spring, thereby when removing across voltage between beam 206 and 216 current potentials, load beam 206 pushes back its initial position shutter 202, discharges and is stored in the stress of loading in beam 206.
A shutter assembly that comprises a passive recovery force mechanisms, such as shutter assembly 200, be referred to as elasticity shutter assembly in this article.A plurality of elasticity is recovered mechanism and can construction be entered in static actuator, or is combined with this static actuator, and graphic flexible beam in shutter assembly 200 only provides an example.Elasticity shutter assembly can be configured to and make, excited target not or under lax state, this shutter is opened or is closed.For exemplary purposes, below supposition herein this illustrated elasticity shutter assembly be built as and close under its loose state time.
Depend on the curvature that drives beam 216 and load beam 206, can or control this shutter assembly with analog form or with digital form.When this beam there is strong nonlinearity or disperse curvature time (beam is dispersed with the curvature of more than second order), between beam 216 and load beam 206, apply a kind of predetermined incremental displacement that a simulation start voltage causes shutter 202 driving.Thereby the amplitude of shutter 202 displacements can be by driving the voltage that applies different amplitudes between beam 216 and load beam 206 to change.Therefore the shutter assembly 200 that comprises more crooked beam is processed for implementing analog gray scale.
For the shutter assembly with more unbending beam (beam is dispersed with second order curvature or the curvature below second order), between driving beam 216 and load beam 206, apply a voltage and can cause shutter displacement, if this voltage is higher than a threshold voltage (V
at) words.Apply and equal or exceed V
atvoltage cause maximum shutter displacement.In other words,, if shutter 202 is closed when not applying a voltage that equals or exceeds this threshold value, apply any V of equaling or exceeding
atvoltage all can fully open this shutter.In the various embodiments of display device 100, utilize such shutter assembly to implement time-division gray scale processing and/or the processing of digit area division (areadivision) gray scale.
Fig. 3 A and 3B are the isometric views that is applicable to second shutter assembly 300 in display device 100.Fig. 3 A is a view of the second shutter assembly 300 under an open mode.Fig. 3 B is a view of the second shutter assembly 300 under a closed condition.Contrary with shutter assembly 200, shutter assembly 300 comprises the actuator 302 and 304 of the both sides that are positioned at a shutter 306.Control independently each actuator 302 and 304.First actuator, shutter is opened actuator 302, for opening shutter 306.Second actuator, shutter close actuator 304, for switch, close shutter 306.Two actuator 302 and 304 are flexible beam electrode actuator preferably all. Actuator 302 and 304 by substantially driving shutter 306 to open and close shutters 306 in one is parallel to the plane that this shutter is suspended in the surface 307 above it.Shutter 306 is suspended at this surface at the logical strong point (via anchor) 308 places of crossing that are attached on actuator 302 and 304.Comprise that the plane that the supporting member that is attached to the two ends of shutter 306 along the axis of movement of shutter 306 reduces shutter 306 moves and this is moved and is substantially limited to desirable plane of movement outward.Surface 307 comprises at least one aperture 309, for allowing that light passes surface 307 and passes through.
Fig. 4 is a top view that is suitable for comprising into an array 400 of the shutter assembly 402 in display device 100.Each shutter assembly 402 comprises that a shutter 404, load beam 406 and two drive beams 408.As what above illustrate about shutter assembly 200 and 300, shutter assembly 402 is by laterally driving its corresponding shutter 404 to make shutter 404 optionally interfere the light by the aperture in the square thereon driven surface of shutter 404 to carry out light modulated.
For driving in the shutter in one of this shutter assembly, between one of load beam 406 and driving beam 408, apply a voltage.In order to produce this voltage, selected driving beam is applied to first current potential and to load beam 406 and shutter 404 is applied to second current potential.This first and second current potential can be identical polar or opposite polarity.They can also have identical amplitude or have different amplitudes.Any in two current potentials can also be set as ground connection.In order to make the difference between this first and second current potential of this shutter assembly start (that is, making shutter change its position) must equal or exceed a start threshold voltage (V
ar).
In most embodiments, the voltage that applies the amplitude of being different in essence by the driving beam to selected and this load beam reaches V
at.For example, suppose V
atbe 40V, display device 100 can drive beam apply the voltage of 30V and to the voltage of apply-10V of this load beam, obtain the potential difference (PD) of 40V to this.Yet in order to control power consumption, important also has, consideration and control are applied to the absolute voltage of each electrode with respect to the encapsulation current potential of ground or this display.To an actuator array, apply the desired power of current potential and proportional (the P=1/2 fCV of electric capacity seeing from voltage source
2), wherein f is the frequency that drives signal, and V is the voltage of this voltage source, and C is the total capacitance of seeing from this voltage source.This total capacitance has several additional compositions, comprise be present in this load beam and drive electric capacity between beam, along transistorized source-drain capacitance (those transistors of especially closing for its grid), this interconnection line and its surroundings of the interconnection line between this voltage source and this actuator---comprise adjacent shutter assembly and/or bonding line---between electric capacity between---comprising that adjacent shutter assembly or display encapsulate---of electric capacity and this load beam or driving beam and its surroundings.Because load beam 406 is electrically connected to shutter 404, so the electric capacity of load beam 406 comprises the electric capacity of shutter 404.Because this shutter generally forms most of area of this pixel, so the electric capacity between this load beam and its surroundings can represent a significant part of the total capacitance of seeing from this voltage source.And because the area of the load beam 406 of combination and shutter 404 is significant with the difference that drives the area of beam 408, the electric capacity between this load beam and its surroundings generally drives the electric capacity between beam and its surroundings much bigger than this.As a result, be connected to the CV that the voltage source of this driving beam or this load beam stands
2power loss will be significantly different, even if its variation scope can be identical.Because this reason, generally advantageously, the higher capacitance end of this actuator, i.e. this load beam, or be connected to one and with respect to ground or encapsulation current potential, do not change significantly the voltage source of voltage or be connected to a voltage source that does not change voltage with the desired highest frequency of this drive system.For example, if require the difference of a 40V to encourage this actuator at load beam 406 with driving between beam 408, if this driving beam and or housing current potential between voltage difference form this 40 volts be not that major part is also that at least half will be favourable.
Be drawn in the border that is shown in dotted line a single pixel 410 on shutter assembly array 400.Pixel 410 comprises two shutter assemblies 402, and each in them can be controlled independently.By every pixel 410, having display device that 402, one of two shutter assemblies comprise shutter assembly array 400 can usable floor area divide gray scale and provide every pixel three gray levels.More specifically, this pixel driver can be become to following state: two shutter assemblies are all closed; Shutter assembly be open and a shutter assembly is closed; Or two shutter assemblies are all opened.Thereby the image pixel obtaining can be that turn-off, half intensity or full brightness.By making each shutter assembly 402 in pixel 410 have the aperture of different size, display device can a usable floor area be divided a gray scale provide another gray level.Fig. 2,3 and 4 shutter assembly 200,300 and 402 can be made bistable.In other words, this shutter can remain on the position (for example open or close) of at least two balances, and any that they are remained in two positions only required a small amount of power or non-required power.More specifically, shutter assembly 300 can be mechanical bistable.Once the shutter of shutter assembly 300 is arranged on to correct position, not require electric energy or keep voltage to keep this position.Mechanical stress on the physical component of this shutter assembly 300 can be fixing in position this shutter.
Shutter assembly 200,300 and 402 can also be made electric bi-stable.In the shutter assembly of an electric bi-stable, there is a voltage range lower than the start voltage of this shutter assembly, if the voltage of this scope be applied to actuator of closing (simultaneously this shutter or open or close), even if apply a contrary power on this shutter, this voltage also keeps this actuator to close and this shutter is fixed in position.This contrary power can be by the spring on an opposite end that is attached to this shutter, such as the spring in shutter assembly 200 207, apply, or this contrary power can apply by a counteractive actuator.The required minimum voltage in position that resists a shutter of so contrary force retaining is called one and keeps voltage V
m.
Electric bi-stable comes from this fact of the majorant that the electrostatic force in actuator is position and voltage.The beam of the actuator in shutter assembly 200,300 and 402 plays capacitor plate.Power between capacitor plate and 1/d
2proportional, wherein d is the local distance of separation between two capacitor plates.In an actuator of closing, the part between actuator beam is separately in the extreme little.Thereby apply a little voltage and can between this actuator beam, cause relatively strong power.As a result, even if other element applies a contrary power in this actuator, a relatively little voltage, such as V
m, also can keep this actuator to close.
In the shutter assembly of two independent controlled actuator of regulation (being respectively used to open and close this shutter), for example in 300, the equilibrium position of this shutter is determined by the combination effect of the voltage difference in each in this actuator.In other words, must consider current potential and the shutter position of all three terminals (shutter is opened and driven beam, shutter close to drive beam and shutter/load beam), to determine the equilibrant on this shutter.
For an electric bi-stable system, one group of logical laws can illustrate this stable state, and can be used to this shutter to develop reliable addressing scheme or digital control scheme.These logical laws are as follows:
Make V
sfor the current potential on this shutter or load beam.Make V
ofor this shutter is opened the current potential driving on beam.Make V
cfor this shutter close drives the current potential on beam.Make expression formula/V
o-V
s/ represent that this shutter and this shutter open the absolute value that drives the voltage difference between beam.Make V
mfor this keeps voltage.Make V
atfor this start threshold voltage, on a counteractive driving beam, do not apply V
msituation under encourage the voltage that actuator is essential.Make V
maxfor V
oand V
cthe maximum current potential that allows.Make V
m< V
at< V
max.Then supposition makes V
oand V
ckeep below V
max:
1. if/V
o-V
s/ < V
mand/V
c-V
s< V
m
The loose equilibrium position to its mechanical spring of this fast goalkeeper.
2. if/V
o-V
s/ > V
mand/V
c-V
s/ > V
m
This fast goalkeeper does not move, and it will remain on the state of opening or close, the whichever position of the start event establishment of last time.
3. if/V
o-V
s> V
atand/V
c-V
s/ < V
m
This fast goalkeeper moves to the position that this is opened.
4. if/V
o-V
s< V
mand/V
c-V
s> V
at
This fast goalkeeper moves to the position that this is closed.
According to rule 1, in the situation that the voltage difference in each actuator is close to zero, this fast goalkeeper is loose.In many shutter assemblies, this mechanically loose position is only partly opened or closes, and therefore in an addressing scheme, preferably avoids this voltage conditions.
The condition of rule 2 makes it possible to a kind of actuator function of the overall situation to comprise in a kind of addressing scheme.By the fast gate voltage that keeps the beam voltage difference that is at least maintenance voltage is provided, can in the centre of an addressing sequence, in wide voltage range, change or switch this shutter and open with the absolute value of shutter close current potential (even surpass V in voltage difference
atsituation under), and there is not the risk of unintentional shutter motion.
Rule 3 and 4 condition are that those are usually used as target to guarantee the condition of the bistable state start of this shutter in the process of addressing sequence.
Keep voltage difference, i.e. V
m, can be designed or be expressed as this start threshold voltage V
atcertain part.For the bistability designed system for a kind of available degree, this maintenance voltage can maintain between V
at20% to 80% between scope in.This contributes to guarantee that charge leakage or parasitic voltage fluctuation in this system can not cause the maintenance voltage deviation of a setting to go out its hold in range---such departing from can cause the involuntary start of a shutter.Can provide in some systems a kind of bistability or hysteresis of degree of particularity, V
mmaintain V
at2% to 98% scope in.Yet in these systems, must be noted that to guarantee to obtain reliably in available addressing with in the start time V < V
melectrode voltage condition.
Gating matrix and method of work thereof
Fig. 5 A is the conceptual scheme being suitable for being included in display device 100 for a gating matrix 500 of a pel array of addressing.Fig. 5 B is the isometric view of a part that comprises a pel array of this gating matrix 500.Each pixel 501 comprises a flexible shutter assembly 502 of being controlled by an actuator 503, such as shutter assembly 200.
For each pixel 501 or each shutter assembly in this array, gating matrix 500 comprises a transistor 510 and a capacitor 512.Each transistorized grid is electrically connected to the sweep trace interconnection 506 of the row at these pixel 501 places in this array.The source electrode of each transistor 510 is electrically connected to its corresponding data interconnect 508.Shutter assembly 502 comprises an actuator that has two electrodes.These two electrodes have significantly different electric capacity with respect to surroundings.This transistor is connected to data interconnect 508 at the actuator electrode with lower electric capacity.More specifically, the drain electrode of each transistor 510 and an electrode of corresponding capacitor 512 are electrically connected to and are electrically connected to the lower capacitance electrode of this actuator in parallel.Another electrode of capacitor 512 and the higher capacitance electrode of this actuator in shutter assembly 502 are connected to a common potential or earth potential.At work, in order to form an image, gating matrix 500 is by applying voltage V to each sweep trace interconnection 506 successively
wewrite in turn each row of energizing in this array.For a quilt, write the row of having energized, the grid of the transistor 510 of the pixel 501 in this row applied to V
wemake electric current flow through transistor through data interconnect 508, with the actuator to shutter assembly 502, apply a current potential.When this row is write when energizing, data voltage V
doptionally be applied on data interconnect 508.In the implementation of analog gray scale is provided, the data voltage that puts on each data interconnect 508 be positioned at this and write the sweep trace interconnection 506 of energizing and change explicitly with the desirable brightness of the pixel 501 at the place, point of crossing of this data interconnect 508.In the implementation of digital control scheme is provided, this data voltage is selected as or the relative voltage of low amplitude (voltage) closely or meet or exceed V
at(start threshold voltage).In response to a data interconnect 508 is applied to voltage V
at, the actuator start in corresponding shutter assembly 502, opens the shutter in this shutter assembly 502.Even if putting on the voltage of this data interconnect 508 stops applying voltage V to a row in gating matrix 500
wealso be still stored in the capacitor 512 of this pixel later.Therefore, do not need to wait for and keep the voltage V on a row
wethe permanent time that is enough to start to shutter assembly 502; Such start can start to carry out removing from this row this writes the voltage of energizing.Till voltage in capacitor 510 in a row is substantially stored in always and writes whole frame of video, and till being stored in some implementations always this row being write to new data.
First, on a substrate 504, form an aperture layer 550.If substrate 504 is opaque, be for example silicon, substrate 504 serves as aperture layer 550, and the array in the hole by a passing through substrate 504 of etching forms hole, aperture 554 in substrate 504.If substrate 504 is transparent, be for example glass, by depositing a light blocking layer and this light blocking layer is etched into a hole array on substrate 504, form aperture layer 550.Hole, aperture 554 can be substantially circular, oval-shaped, polygonal, spiral (serpentine) or irregular in shape.If this light blocking layer is also used a kind of reflecting material manufacture, for example, with a kind of metal manufacture, aperture layer 550 can be used as a mirror surface, and this mirror surface is recovered to non-transmissive light in set up backlight, for improving optical efficiency.Formation that the reflecting metallic film that is applicable to provide light to reclaim can---comprise sputter, evaporation, ion plating, laser ablation or chemical vapor deposition---by a plurality of vapour deposition methods.Can include, but not limited to for the metal of this reflective application Al, Cr, Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Ta, Ti, Nd, Nb, Si, Mo and/or its alloy.Thickness in 30nm to 1000nm scope is enough.
Secondly, the mode with coating deposits an intermetallic (intermetal) dielectric layer on the top of aperture layer metal 550.
The 3rd, deposition and first conductive layer of composition on this substrate.This conductive layer can be patterned into the conductive trace (trace) of sweep trace interconnection 506.Any metal of more than enumerating, or the conductive oxide such as tin indium oxide can have enough low resistivity to this application.A part for sweep trace interconnection 506 in each pixel is arranged as to the grid that forms a transistor 510.
The 4th, in the mode of coating, on the top of ground floor conductive interconnection of that part that comprises the grid that forms transistor 510, deposit another metal intermetallic dielectric layer.The intermetallic dielectric that is enough to be used in this object comprises the SiO of thickness in 30nm to 1000nm scope
2, Si
3n
4and Al
2o
3.
The 5th, an amorphous silicon layer is deposited on the top of this intermetallic dielectric, then patterned to form source electrode, drain electrode and the channel region of a thin film transistor active layer.Alternatively, this semiconductor material can be polysilicon.
The 6th, deposition and second conductive layer of composition on the top of this amorphous silicon.This conductive layer can be patterned into the conductive trace of data interconnect 508.Can use above same metal and/or the conductive oxide of enumerating.The different piece of this second conductive layer can also be used to form and be connected to the source electrode of transistor 510 and the contact element of drain region.
Capacitor arrangement such as capacitor 512 may be constructed such the pole plate forming in this first and second conductive layer of the dielectric material with between two parties.
The 7th, on the top of this second conductive layer, deposit a passivation dielectric.
The 8th, on the top of this passivation layer, deposit one and sacrifice mechanical layer.Offer through hole and make it enter into this sacrifice layer and this passivation layer, follow-up MEMS shutter layer can be electrically contacted with conductive layer below and mechanical connection.
The 9th, deposition and MEMS shutter layer of composition on the top of this sacrifice layer.This MEMS shutter layer is patterned to has shutter 502 and actuator 503, and anchors on substrate 504 by the patterned through hole entering in this sacrifice layer.The alignment pattern of shutter 502 is formed on the pattern in the hole, aperture 554 in the first aperture layer 550.This MEMS shutter layer can---such as Au, Cr or Ni---be comprised of a kind of metal of deposition, or consists of a kind of semiconductor---such as polysilicon or amorphous silicon---of deposition, and thickness is in the scope of 300 nanometers to 10 micron.
The tenth, remove the parts that this sacrifice layer makes this MEMS shutter layer and can respond the voltage free movement being applied in actuator 503.
The 11, the sidewall that applies actuator 503 electrodes with a kind of dielectric material is to prevent with short circuit between the electrode of contrary voltage.
To above method, can there be many variants.For example the reflection aperture layer 550 of step 1 can be incorporated in this first conductive layer.Gap is patterned to be entered in this conductive layer to stipulate the conductive trace in this layer, and most of pixel region is still capped with a kind of reflective metals.In another embodiment, the source electrode of transistor 510 and drain terminal can be placed on this first conductive layer and gate terminal is formed in this second conductive layer.In another embodiment, this semiconductor amorphous silicon or polysilicon are directly placed in below each of this first and second conductive layer.In this embodiment, through hole composition can be entered in this intermetallic dielectric, make to form the metal contact element that is connected to semiconductor layer below.
Fig. 6 is the diagram being suitable for being included in display device 100 for second gating matrix 600 of an array of address pixel 602.Pixel 602 in gating matrix 600 is abandoned using as is comprised into transistor and capacitor in gating matrix 500, then employing a kind of metal-insulator-metal type (" MIM ") diode 604.For the every row pixel 602 in gating matrix 600, picture element matrix 600 comprises a sweep trace interconnection 606, and for the every row pixel in gating matrix 600, picture element matrix 600 comprises a data interconnect 607.Each sweep trace interconnection 606 is electrically connected to a terminal of the MIM diode 604 of each pixel 602 in the pixel 602 of its corresponding row.Another terminal of MIM diode 604 in a pixel 602 is electrically connected to one of two electrodes of the shutter assembly 608---such as shutter assembly 200---in this pixel 602.
At work, MIM diode 604 plays a nonlinear switching element, prevents that electric current from flowing to shutter assembly 609, unless the voltage existing between sweep trace interconnection 606 and data line interconnection 607 surpasses a threshold voltage V
diode.Therefore, if do not surpass V by data line interconnection 607 potential pulses that provide
diode, such data pulse will can not cause shutter assembly 608 starts that connect along this data line.Yet, if a sweep trace interconnection 606 is applied to one, write the voltage V that energizes
wemake this sweep trace interconnection 606 and and this sweep trace interconnection 606 several data lines interconnection 607 of intersecting in arbitrary between occur that surpasses a V
diodevoltage difference, the fast goalkeeper at this sweep trace interconnection 606 and the place, point of crossing of these data lines interconnection 607 receive they electric charge and can be by start.In analog gray scale implementation is provided, data voltage that each data interconnect 607 is applied changes explicitly with the desirable brightness that is positioned at the pixel 602 at this place, point of crossing of being write the sweep trace interconnection 606 of having energized and this data interconnect 607.In the realization that digital control scheme is provided, this data voltage is selected must be close to V
we(that is, made a small amount of electric current or do not had electric current to flow through diode 604) or be high enough to make V
we-V
diodereach or surpass V
at(start threshold voltage).
In other implementations, MIM diode 604 can be placed between shutter assembly 608 and data line interconnection 607.Its method of work is with explained above identical.In other are realized, adopt two MIM diodes, each is connected to an independent and adjacent sweep trace.An electrode of this shutter assembly is connected to each in these MIM diodes in a side relative with their sweep traces separately of these MIM diodes, makes to appear at voltage on this shutter electrode and be almost 1/2 of voltage difference between these two sweep traces.In this way, the current potential of in the electrode of this actuator is fixed on to a known zero potential or common potential easier.
Two electrodes of the shutter assembly 608 in pixel 602 have significantly different electric capacity with respect to earth potential or housing current potential.Higher capacitance electrode in these two electrodes is preferably connected to sweep trace interconnection 606 (alternatively, as shown in the figure, with a diode being connected between shutter 608 and sweep trace interconnection 606), because with comparing that general logarithm requires according to line interconnection 607, this sweep trace generally needs less voltage to change (over the ground).Data interconnect 607 is electrically connected to the lower capacitance electrode of shutter assembly 608.
Fig. 7 comprises for controlling the diagram of the 3rd gating matrix 700 of pixel 702 that not only has the actuator opened but also have the shutter assembly 703---such as shutter assembly 300 and 402---of the actuator of closing.Gating matrix 700 comprises two data interconnect 706a of the every row pixel 702 in the sweep trace interconnection 704 of the every row pixel 702 in gating matrix 700 and addressing gating matrix 700 and 706b.One in these data interconnects is that shutter is opened interconnection 706a, and another data interconnect is shutter close interconnection 706b.
For a given pixel 702 in gating matrix 700, pixel 702 comprises two transistor-capactors pair, and one to each data interconnect 706a and 706b for this pixel of addressing.Two transistorized grids in pixel 702 are all electrically connected to the sweep trace interconnection 704 corresponding to the row at pixel 702 places of gating matrix 700.The source electrode that one of this transistor---is that shutter is opened transistor 708a---is electrically connected to the shutter of the row at pixel 702 places and opens data interconnect 706a.The electrode that the drain electrode that shutter is opened transistor 708a is electrically connected to one of this capacitor in parallel---being that shutter is opened capacitor 710a---, and this shutter that is electrically connected to the shutter assembly 703 of this pixel is opened an electrode of actuator.Another electrode that shutter is opened capacitor 710a is electrically connected to ground, or is electrically connected to a biasing interconnection of the common electric voltage being set as between these pixels 702.
Similarly, the source electrode that another transistor in pixel 702---is shutter close transistor 708b---is electrically connected to the shutter close data interconnect 706b of these row at pixel 702 places.The drain electrode of shutter close transistor 708b is electrically connected to another in these two capacitors in this pixel in parallel, i.e. shutter close capacitor 710b, and be electrically connected to one of the electrode of this shutter close actuator of shutter assembly 703.
The shutter of shutter assembly 703 opens actuator and shutter close actuator both comprises two electrodes.An electrode in each actuator has high significantly electric capacity than another electrode.This shutter is opened the lower capacitance electrode that with shutter close transistorized drain electrode is electrically connected to its corresponding actuator.Be electrically connected to higher capacitance electrode, or biasing interconnection, if any, is electrically connected to higher capacitance electrode.
Gating matrix in Fig. 7 adopts n channel transistor.Can there be other embodiments that adopt p channel MOS transistor.In other implementation, transistor 708a and 708b can be substituted by MIM diode or other nonlinear circuit element or switch.In other implementation, can fully cancel capacitor 710a and 710b, its function is opened with the effective capacitance of shutter close actuator and is replaced by this shutter.
The in the situation that of wanting a plurality of shutter of start in each pixel, can arrange for each shutter in this pixel an independent shutter open data interconnect and shutter close data interconnect to and the transistor and the capacitor that are associated.
Fig. 8 is that addressing is subject to pixel 702 that the gating matrix 700 of Fig. 7 controls to form the process flow diagram of a method 800 of a picture frame.The step of carrying out for single image frame of addressing is generally called one " frame addressing period ".The method starts from writing first sweep trace (step 802) of energizing in this display.In order to carry out this, write and energize, gating matrix 700 applies V to the interconnection of the sweep trace corresponding to the first row in this gating matrix 704 in gating matrix 700
we(for example, for nMOS transistor, be+45V, or for pMOS transistor, be-45V), and other sweep traces 704 ground connection that interconnect.
Then, each pixel 702 that gating matrix 700 pairs of quilts are write in the sweep trace of having energized is write data (determining that square frame 804 is to step 812).These data are corresponding to the desirable state of the shutter assembly 703 in these pixels 702.For the ease of understanding, single pixel 702 these data of explanation of being write in row of choosing in the sweep trace of having energized about this are below write processings (determining that square frame 804 arrives step 812).When to this, single pixel 702 is write data, the rest of pixels 702 that gating matrix 700 is also write in the sweep trace of having energized this is in the same way write data.
For gating matrix 700 row of choosing and this being write to a pixel 702 at the point of crossing place of the sweep trace of having energized, write data, first, determining square frame 804, the shutter assembly 703 that judgement is discussed is will open or will close in next picture frame.If open shutter assembly 703, the shutter of 700 pairs of selected row of gating matrix is opened interconnection 706a and is applied a data voltage V
d(step 806).Select voltage V
dso that open voltage between the electrode of actuator across this shutter in shutter assembly 703, be increased to and equal or exceed the required voltage of start, i.e. voltage V
at.Roughly at the shutter of 700 pairs of selected row of gating matrix, open interconnection 706a and apply voltage V
din the time of (step 806), gating matrix 700 is the shutter close of these row interconnection 706b ground connection (step 808).
If determining square frame 804, decision will be closed shutter assembly 703, and 700 couples of shutter close interconnection 706b of gating matrix apply this data voltage V
d(step 810) and the shutter of these row open interconnection 706a ground connection (step 812).Once bring up to V across the voltage between the electrode of desirable actuator
atif this actuator is not in desirable position before this, this actuator, with regard to start (step 814), moves to desirable position the shutter in shutter assembly 703.
After the pixel 702 in this sweep trace having been write to these data in step 806-812, gating matrix 700 is interconnect 704 ground connection (step 814) and write the next sweep trace (step 816) of energizing of sweep trace.Repeat this process until all pixels 702 in gating matrix 700 are all addressed.In one implementation, before the first sweep trace in addressing gating matrix 700, turn-off one that this gating matrix is fixed thereon backlight.Then, in addressing after all sweep traces in gating matrix 700, reclose that this is backlight.By the beginning of time period of a frame of addressing betwixt with finish the shutoff backlight with this and open to synchronize and can improve the excitation of consequent image, because only just connect when all pixels have all been set to its correct image formation state at that time, this is backlight.
By noticing that opening at this shutter the voltage difference occurring in actuator and this shutter close actuator determines a start event.For carrying out consistent start, conventionally one of these voltage differences will be remained to and approach zero, or at least lower than a certain maintenance voltage Vm, and the absolute value of another voltage difference will be over this start voltage.With the start term harmonization with reference to Fig. 2,3 and 4 explanations, the voltage applying such as V
dpolarity can be both that what to bear can be also positive, and the voltage that puts on this common potential (be expressed as " ") in Fig. 7 or in step 812 can be or any voltage of plus or minus.
In some implementations, advantageously periodically or be every now and then reversed in the sign of the voltage occurring in these actuator of shutter assembly 703, and in other side, do not change the method 800 of these pixels of addressing.In one case, can be by the public electrode of all shutters 703 being kept closer to zero current potential, while reversal data voltage V
dpolarity, complete reversal of poles.In another case, can be set to V by this common electric voltage
common---V wherein
commonbe equal to, or greater than V
at, then provide a voltage source to make this data voltage or at V
commonwith 2*V
atbetween alternately, or zero and V
commonbetween alternately, complete reversal of poles.
Can be to the favourable use of reversal of poles like gating matrix 600 and 500 application class and the use of non-zero common electric voltage.
The process flow diagram of method 800 be for only in a picture frame, write the situation of numerical information---that is, be intended to the situation that makes this shutter open or close---drafting.Can use the method for a similar picture frame addressing, rely on through data interconnect 706a and 706b loading simulation data gray level image is provided.In the case, voltage between two parties partially opening for generation of shutter 703 only.Be applied to shutter open voltage in actuator by trend towards making this shutter along by with shutter close actuator on the direction of the reverse movement that causes of voltage move.Yet, can have complementary voltage pair, when this complementary voltage is when being applied simultaneously in these two actuator, by the state that obtains in check and predetermined part shutter and open.
If this voltage source electronic circuit is also designed to have electric charge and reclaims ability, can utilize and offer this complementary characteristic benefit that shutter is opened the voltage of interconnection 706a or shutter close interconnection 706b.The method 800 being designed to this picture frame loading numerical information of take is example: the voltage being loaded in this interconnection in step 806 or 810 is complementary.In other words, if load V in one of this interconnection
d, another ground connection normally of interconnecting.For example, so change the state (opening from being closed to) of shutter assembly 703, at a conceptive electric charge that is handle stores an actuator, transfer to the problem in its retroaction actuator.If the energy loss in each in these transistors is Q*V
dwherein Q is stored in an electric charge in actuator, so, if the electric charge of this storage is not to be used as simply wasted energy to be dissipated in this voltage source electronic circuit but to be recovered for being used in another actuator while shifting at every turn, can obtains considerable electric power and save.Although electric charge recovery is completely difficult, can obtain partially recycled method.For example, frame addressing method 800 can provide one in inherent this voltage source electronic circuit of short time period between step 802 and 804 data line interconnection 706a the step together with 706b short circuit.In making this short time period of these interconnection short circuits, these interconnection will be shared the electric charge of this storage, thereby the electric charge at least partly can be used in and will be restored in the whichever data line interconnection of its complete charged state.
Fig. 9 is another the exemplary gating matrix 900 that is applicable to a pel array in addressed display device 100.This gating matrix 900 is similar to gating matrix 700.In other words, gating matrix 900 comprises sweep trace interconnection 904 of the every row pixel in gating matrix 900 and two data interconnects to the every row pixel 902 in this gating matrix, and a shutter is opened interconnection 906a and a shutter close interconnection 906b.In addition, each pixel in gating matrix 900 comprises that a shutter opens transistor (or selectively, diode or rheostat) 908a, shutter close transistor (or selectively, a diode or rheostat) 908b, a shutter open capacitor 910a, a shutter close capacitor 910b and a shutter assembly 912.This shutter assembly can be mechanical bistable and/or electric bi-stable.Yet gating matrix 900 comprises an additional controllable interconnection, i.e. an overall start interconnection 914.Overall situation start interconnection 914 provides roughly the same voltage (one " common electric voltage ") at least two row and the pixel 902 in two row of gating matrix 900 substantially simultaneously.In one implementation, overall start interconnection 914 provides a common electric voltage to all pixels 902 in gating matrix 900.The higher capacitance electrode of the actuator of the shutter assembly 912 in each pixel 902 in gating matrix 900 is electrically connected to overall start interconnection 914, rather than ground connection.
Comprise that overall start interconnection 914 makes it possible to the pixel 902 in a plurality of row of side by side start gating matrix 900 almost.As a result, can side by side encourage all starts for example, to set up the actuator (shutter of all motions) of a Given Graph picture frame, contrary with the method for the start line by line of explanation in method 800.Using an overall start to process is separated from the shutter assembly 912 of writing in data and this pixel 902 of start to a pixel 902 in time.
The bistability that has comprised into the overall start characteristic use in gating matrix 900 shutter assembly 912 in gating matrix 900.Electric bi-stable shutter assembly of start requires to meet two conditions simultaneously, and the absolute value across the voltage on an electrode surpasses V
at, and lower than one, keep voltage V across the absolute value of the voltage on another electrode
m.Thereby for gating matrix 900, when surpassing V
ma voltage while being applied in an actuator of a shutter assembly 912, counteractive shutter assembly is applied to V
atbe not enough to cause this actuator start.
For example, this shutter of supposing the shutter assembly of an electric bi-stable is opened the V that actuator has a 40V
at.At the same time, even when applying 60V voltage between the electrode of opening actuator at this shutter, the maintenance voltage that applies 10V between the electrode of this shutter close actuator also can remain on a position of closing the shutter of this shutter assembly.If apply the bias potential of one-10V between the higher capacitance electrode of all shutter assemblies and ground by this overall situation common interconnect, this is made to one of moving electrode simultaneously and apply this earth potential, can apply to the lower capacitance electrode of the selected actuator in this shutter assembly the data voltage of one+40V, thereby obtain across the potential difference (PD) of one+50V in these actuator, and do not cause that these actuator carry out start.Then, by this overall situation common interconnect ground connection, across the lower voltage on the electrode of selected actuator to+40V, remove across the voltage in counteractive actuator simultaneously.Because+40V still equals the start voltage of this actuator and do not keep voltage that this counteractive actuator is kept in position, so all as one man motions of this actuator of choosing.Another example will illustrate with reference to Figure 10 below in further detail.
Figure 10 is the process flow diagram of method 1000 that uses 900 pairs of picture frame addressing of gating matrix of Fig. 9.The method starts from overall common interconnect 914 is arranged on to a maintenance voltage V
m, for example, be 1/2V over the ground
at(step 1001).Then gating matrix 900 is write first sweep trace (step 1002) of energizing in this display.In order to carry out this, write and energize, gating matrix 900 applies V to a first sweep trace interconnection 904 in gating matrix 900
we, for example+45V, and by other sweep trace 904 ground connection that interconnect.
Then each pixel 902 that gating matrix 900 is write in the sweep trace of having energized to this is write the data (determining that square frame 1004 is to step 1012) corresponding to the desirable state of these pixels in next picture frame.These data are write single pixel 902 that processing write in row of choosing in the sweep trace of having energized about this hereinafter and are described.When to this, single pixel 902 is write data, the rest of pixels 902 that gating matrix 900 is also write in the sweep trace of having energized to this is in the same way write data.
Determining square frame 1004 places, for a pixel 902 is write to data, the shutter of the shutter assembly 912 in judgement pixel 902 is the position that will open at this or the position that will close at this in next picture frame.If the position that this shutter will be opened at this, the shutter of 900 pairs of selected row of gating matrix is opened interconnection and is applied a data voltage V
d(step 1006).Select voltage V
dmaking, is V this overall situation common interconnect 914 is applied to an overall start voltage
agin the past, across this shutter in pixel 902, opened voltage in actuator and remain and be not enough to overcome the biasing being applied in this shutter close actuator, yet made, this overall situation common interconnect 914 was being applied to V
agafter, the voltage of opening across this shutter between the electrode of actuator is enough to make this shutter to open actuator start.For example,, if V
atequal 40V, V
mequal 20V, V
agequal ground connection, V
dselect to such an extent that be greater than or equal to 40V, yet overcome V lower than meeting
mcurrent potential.At the shutter of 900 pairs of selected row of gating matrix, open interconnection 906a and apply V
din the time of (step 1006), gating matrix 900 is the shutter close of these row interconnection 906b ground connection (step 1008).
If determining square frame 1004, judge that this shutter will be in scram position, 900 couples of shutter close interconnection 906b of gating matrix apply this data voltage V
d(step 1010) and the shutter of these row open interconnection 906a ground connection (step 1012).
After being write pixel 902 in the sweep trace of having energized in gating matrix 900 to this write data in step 1006-1012, gating matrix 900 is write interconnect 904 ground connection (step 1014) and write the next sweep trace (step 1016) of energizing of the sweep trace of having energized current.Till all pixels 902 in gating matrix 900 that this process has repeated to addressing always (referring to determining square frame 1015).In addressing after all pixels in gating matrix 900 (referring to determining square frame 1015), gating matrix 900 applies overall common electric voltage V to this overall situation common interconnect
ag(step 1018), thus the almost overall start simultaneously of shutter assembly 912 in gating matrix 900 caused.Thereby to such realization, this overall situation common interconnect plays an overall start interconnection.
As the situation about method 800, method 1000 can also comprise backlightly synchronizes with shutter start one.Yet, by using overall start process explained above, can within the time of a larger number percent of time that accounts for a display job, keep this backlight opening, therefore the driving power for a middle par backlight obtains brighter demonstration.In one embodiment, synchronous backlight making, arranges shutter in other row of this gating matrix for a different picture frame simultaneously and just turn-offs that this is backlight as long as shutter in a row of a gating matrix is set for a picture frame.In not adopting the gating matrix of overall start, for each frame of video, in whole data, to write and in the process (approximately 500 microsecond to 5 millisecond) of processing, turn-off that this is backlight, this is because the start when it is addressed of every row pixel.On the contrary, in using the gating matrix of overall start, write while processing and this backlight maintenance connect carrying out these data because until after having write all data pixel just change state.Just start from write a sweep trace after and terminate in and apply this overall situation start voltage this is backlight so that pixel has in time (roughly 10 microsecond to 500 microseconds) of the much shorter of one section of time enough after the state of change just shutoff (very will turn-off).
In method 1000, by noticing that opening at this shutter the voltage difference occurring in actuator and this shutter close actuator determines a start event.With the start term harmonization with reference to Fig. 2,3 and 4 explanations, the voltage applying such as V
dpolarity can be that bear or positive, and the voltage that puts on this overall situation common interconnect can be or any voltage of plus or minus.
In other implementations, the method 1000 of Figure 10 can be applied to a part of choosing of a whole pel array, because one after the other upgrade different regions or the grouping of row and column, may be favourable.In this case, a plurality of different overall starts interconnection 914 can be routed to the part being selected of this array, optionally to upgrade the different piece with this array of start.
In some implementations, advantageously periodically or be every now and then reversed in the sign of the voltage occurring in the actuator of shutter assembly 912, and in other side, do not change the method 1000 of this pixel of addressing.A kind of such in the situation that, sign that can most current potentials that other except this writes the voltage of energizing adopts in method 1000 by reversion, completes reversal of poles.In other cases, can use the voltage of the voltage adopting in the method for being similar to 1000, but it has a kind of logic of complementation.Table 1 illustrates above for the normal voltage of method 1000 explanations and distributes and can be in order to realize the difference between the voltage of the reversal of poles on the electrode of this shutter assembly.Be called in the first situation of polar inversion method (Polarity Reversal Method) 1, the voltage occurring on actuator electrode just reverses in sign.For example, replacement is opened electrode to this shutter and is applied V
d, can use-V
d.Yet for the situation for transistor 908a and 908b by nMOS transistor, (two grid voltages all move down an amount V should to adopt a kind of voltage transitions
d).These gate voltage switches guarantee that this nMOS transistor correctly works with the new voltage on this data interconnect.
Table 1
| Action: " closing shutter " | Method 1000 | Polar inversion method 1 | Polar inversion method 2 |
| The non-row voltage of energizing | Ground | -V d | Ground |
| Write the voltage of energizing | V we | -V d+V we | V we |
| Voltage in shutter close interconnection | V d | -V d | Ground |
| At shutter, open the voltage in interconnection | Ground | Ground | V d |
| Keep voltage | V m | -V m | V m |
| Overall situation start voltage | V ag(approaching ground connection) | -V ag(approaching ground connection) | V d |
Table 1 also illustrates second method, and polar inversion method 2, and this second method makes it possible to use similar voltage (sign that needn't reverse in any interconnect drivers), but still can realize the reversal of poles in all actuator.This is by being driven into higher voltage V this overall situation start interconnection
drather than as in method 1000 to the shutter of choosing that drives to move realize.The order that voltage in this polar inversion method 2 changes is similar in method 1000, just in step 1004, when distribution voltage is given the actuator of each pixel, adopts now a kind of complementary logic.In the method 2, if close this shutter, this shutter can be opened to interconnection and mention current potential V
d, and this shutter close interconnection can be grounded.In this example, this overall situation start interconnection is being kept to current potential V from it
mmention and make electrokinetic potential V
dafter, the current potential that this shutter is opened in actuator can be close to zero (certainly lower than V
m), and current potential in this shutter close actuator can be-V
d, be enough to this shutter start to arrive off-position, and the opposite polarity polarity that has and adopt in method 1000.Similarly, in step 1004, if this shutter will be opened, this shutter close interconnection can be mentioned to current potential V
dand this shutter open interconnection be grounded.
The start method that is similar to method 1000 can also be for one-sided shutter assembly or elasticity shutter assembly, for example for the shutter assembly 502 of gating matrix 500.One-sided application like this will describe in conjunction with Figure 14 below.
Figure 11 is the diagram that is applicable to be included in another gating matrix 1100 in display device 100.As the situation about gating matrix 700 and 900, gating matrix 1100 comprises that 1104, one sweep trace interconnection 1104 of a series of sweep trace interconnection are corresponding to the every row pixel 1102 in gating matrix 1100.Gating matrix 1100 comprises a single data interconnect 1106 to the every row pixel 1102 in this gating matrix.So, gating matrix 1100 is applicable to control elasticity shutter assembly 1108, such as shutter assembly 200.As the situation of the actuator about in shutter assembly 200, the actuator in the shutter assembly 1108 in gating matrix 1100 has a higher capacitance electrode and a lower capacitance electrode.
Except sweep trace and data interconnect 1104 and 1106, gating matrix 1100 also comprise a charging interconnection 1110 (be also marked as V (
at)) and charging triggering interconnection 1112 (being also marked as C-T).Charging interconnection 1110 and charging trigger between all pixels 1102 that interconnection 1112 can be in gating matrix 1100 or its certain subset and share.For example, every row pixel 1100 can have public 1110 and public chargings of charging interconnection and trigger interconnection 1112.The following description supposition comprises that a shared public charging of 1110 and overall situations of charging interconnection of the overall situation triggers interconnection 1112.
Each pixel 1102 in gating matrix 1100 comprises two transistors, i.e. a charging trigger switch transistor 1114 and a discharge switch transistor 1116.The charging that the grid of charging trigger switch transistor 1114 is electrically connected to gating matrix 1100 triggers interconnection 1112.The drain electrode of charging trigger switch transistor 1114 is electrically connected to charging interconnection 1110.Charging interconnection 1110 receives a DC voltage that is enough to encourage the actuator of the shutter assembly 1108 in each pixel 1102 in the situation that sweep trace interconnection 1104 not being applied to any bias voltage.The source electrode of charging trigger switch transistor 1114 is electrically connected to the lower capacitance electrode of this actuator in the shutter assembly 1108 in pixel 1102, and is electrically connected to the drain electrode of discharge switch transistor 1116.The grid of discharge switch transistor 1116 is electrically connected to the data interconnect 1106 of row at pixel 1102 places of gating matrix 1100.The source electrode of discharge switch transistor 1116 is electrically connected to the sweep trace interconnection 1104 of row at pixel 1102 places of gating matrix 1100.The higher capacitance electrode of the actuator in shutter assembly 1108 is also electrically connected to the sweep trace interconnection 1104 corresponding to the row of this pixel.Alternatively, this higher capacitance electrode can be connected to the ground separating or public electrode.
Figure 12 comprises the process flow diagram of a kind of method 1200 of the pixel in---such as gating matrix 1100---into a gating matrix according to the addressing of an exemplary of the present invention.Beginning at a frame addressing period, gating matrix 1100 excitation comprises into all unexcited actuator of the shutter assembly 1108 in gating matrix 1100, thereby all shutter assemblies 1108 is placed in to identical position (open or close) (step 1202-1204).In order to complete this point, gating matrix 1100 triggers interconnection 1112 to charging and applies a charging trigger voltage, 45V for example, charging trigger switch transistor 1114 (steps 1202) of actuate pixel.Comprise into the electrode of this actuator in the shutter assembly 1108 of pixel 1108 and play capacitor, for the voltage V providing in charging interconnection 1110 is provided
at, 40V for example.Gating matrix 1100 continues to apply charging one period that is enough to make all actuator starts of trigger voltage (step 1202), and then gating matrix 1100 is charging trigger switch transistor 1114 ground connection (step 1204).Gating matrix 1100 applies a bias voltage V to all sweep trace interconnection 1104 in gating matrix 1100
b, for example, be 10V (step 1206) over the ground.
Then each pixel 1102 that gating matrix 1100 is set about in this gating matrix of addressing is set about, each a line (step 1208-1212).For the specific row of one of addressing, gating matrix 1100 is by 1104 ground connection writing that corresponding sweep trace is interconnected first sweep trace (step 1208) of energizing.Then, determining square frame 1210, gating matrix 1100 judges for each pixel 1102 of being write in the row of having energized whether this pixel 1102 needs to switch its initial frame position.For example, if in step 1202, all shutters are all opened, determining square frame 1210, judge whether each pixel 1102 in the row that this is write has energized will be closed.If close a pixel 1102, gating matrix 1100 just applies a data voltage, for example 5V (step 1212) to the data interconnect 1106 of the row corresponding to these pixel 1102 places.Because this sweep trace interconnection 1104 of being write the row of having energized is grounded (step 1208), so the data interconnect 1106 of these row is applied to data voltage V
dcause the grid of discharge switch transistor 1116 and correct symbol and the amplitude that the potential difference (PD) between source electrode has the raceway groove of opening transistor 1116.Once the raceway groove of transistor 1116 is open-minded, being stored in electric charge in this shutter assembly actuator just can be through sweep trace 1104 electric discharge over the ground that interconnect.Along with the voltage being stored in this actuator of shutter assembly 1108 exhausts, the restoring force in shutter assembly 1108 or spring force this shutter to enter its loose position, close this shutter.If in determining square frame 1210, judgement does not need change state for a pixel 1102, just corresponding data interconnect 1106 ground connection.Although this loose position is defined as this shutter close position in this example, can provide the wherein alternative alternative shutter assembly of the corresponding shutter open position of this loose state.Under more so alternative alternative case, in step 1212, apply data voltage V
dcan cause this shutter to open.
In other implementation, can use to whole pel array part of choosing the method 1200 of Figure 12, because one after the other upgrade zones of different or the grouping of row and column, may be favourable.In the case, a plurality of different chargings can be triggered to the part being selected that interconnection 1112 be routed to this array, optionally to upgrade the different piece with this array of start.
As illustrated above, be the pixel 1102 in addressing gating matrix 1100, this data voltage V
dcan be markedly inferior to this start voltage V
at(for example 5V is to 40V).Because this start voltage V
atby every frame, once applied, and data voltage V
dcan by every frame repeatedly---with the line number having in gating matrix 1100 as many---ground imposes on each data interconnect 1106, so gating matrix, for example gating matrix 1100, compares as the gating matrix of this start voltage the power that can save a great deal of with requiring high must being also enough to of data voltage.
For the non-pixel 1102 of energizing in row of writing, be applied to the bias voltage V in its corresponding sweep trace interconnection 1104
bthe current potential at the source electrode place of its discharge transistor 1116 is kept higher than the current potential at the gate terminal place of its discharge transistor 1116, even apply a data voltage V at the data interconnect 1106 to the row of its correspondence
dtime be also like this.N channel MOS transistor is used in the embodiment supposition that should be appreciated that Figure 11.Can there be other embodiments that adopt p channel transistor, can put upside down bias potential V in this case
band V
drelative signs.
In other embodiment, discharge switch transistor 1116 can be substituted by one group of two or more transistor, for example, if use the CMOS technique construction gating matrix 1100 of standard, this discharge switch transistor can be by a complementary nMOS and pMOS transistor to forming.
Method 1200 supposition numerical informations are written into a picture frame, and being intended to make this shutter is not that to open be exactly the situation of closing.Yet use the circuit of gating matrix 1100 in shutter assembly 1108, to write analog information.Only provide in the case one section short of the ground connection of this sweep trace interconnection and the time of fixed amount, and only by the data line 1106 applying portion voltages that interconnect.When discharge switch transistor 1116 is worked with a kind of linear amplification mode, discharge switch transistor 1116 applying portion voltages are made to the only partly electric discharge of electrode of shutter assembly 1108, and therefore partly open this shutter.
Gating matrix 1100 optionally applies data voltage to remaining row of gating matrix 1100 at the same time.In all pixels, all reach after its expectation state (step 1214), 1100 pairs of these sweep trace interconnection of choosing of gating matrix apply V again
band select a follow-up sweep trace interconnection (step 1216).In addressing after all sweep traces, again start this process.As the situation of the gating matrix about illustrating above, can be an activity backlight of setting up and each frame synchronization of addressing.
Figure 13 is the diagram that is applicable to be included in another gating matrix 1300 in display device 100 according to an exemplary of the present invention.Gating matrix 1300 is similar to gating matrix 1100, but pixel 1302 in gating matrix 1300 the comprises charging diode 1304 different with charging trigger switch transistor 1114, and gating matrix 1300 charge with triggering and interconnected 1112.More specifically, gating matrix 1300 comprises to the every row in gating matrix 1300 data interconnect 1306 with to 1308 and discharge transistors 1309 of the every row in gating matrix 1300 sweep trace interconnection.Gating matrix 1300 also comprises that is similar to charging interconnection 1310 (being also labeled as V (at)) that comprise into the charging interconnection in gating matrix 1100.
Preferably, shutter assembly 1108 and 1314 higher capacitance electrode are connected to sweep trace interconnection 1104 and 1308, and lower capacitance electrode is connected to charging interconnection 1112 or 1310 through transistor 1114 or through diode 1304.The voltage being sent on this shutter electrode through this charging interconnection changes general those voltages changes that stand higher than interconnecting through this sweep trace in amplitude.
Figure 14 is one and is suitable for comprising into the diagram of a gating matrix 1400 in display device 100.Gating matrix 1400 comprises the parts of gating matrix 1300, i.e. sweep trace interconnection 1402, data interconnect 1404 and a charging interconnection 1406.Pixel 1408 in gating matrix 1400 comprises a charging diode 1410, shutter assembly 1412 and a discharge transistor 1414.Gating matrix 1400 also comprises an overall start interconnection 1416, for using and the overall start of the pixel 1408 of gating matrix 1400 being provided with reference to Fig. 9 and the illustrated similar method of method of Figure 10.This gating matrix also comprises an optional capacitor 1418, and the source electrode of this capacitor and discharge transistor 1414 and leakage level are connected in parallel.This capacitor helps a stable voltage at an electrode place of maintenance shutter assembly 1412, and no matter the voltages that are likely applied on another electrode through overall start interconnection 1416 change.Between interconnection 1416 a plurality of row in this array and the pixel 1408 in a plurality of row, share.
If this overall situation start interconnection is used in a pattern that is similar to the polar inversion method 2 in table 1, this overall situation start interconnection, can also be for guaranteeing a kind of 0VDC mean value mode of operation except for providing a start threshold voltage.Average in order to reach 0V DC, this gating matrix replaces between different steering logics.By the first steering logic, be similar to the steering logic adopting in address pixels method 1000 and 1200, in the beginning of a frame addressing period, gating matrix 1400 is by storing V on the electrode in shutter assembly 1412 actuator
atopen the shutter assembly 1412 of all pixels in gating matrix 1400.Then gating matrix 1400 applies a bias voltage so that shutter assembly 1412 is locked in to this open mode.Gating matrix 1400 applies one through overall start interconnection 1416 and is greater than V
mbias voltage, 1/2V for example
at.Then, in order to change the state of a shutter assembly 1412, when writing the pixel 1408 of row at these shutter assembly 1412 places of energizing, gating matrix 1400 makes to be stored in the V in this shutter assembly 1412
atelectric discharge.Keep voltage that this shutter assembly 1412 is stayed open until overall start interconnection 1416 is grounded.
By the second steering logic that is similar to the polar inversion method 2 in table 1, this gating matrix is not being applied to voltage in overall start interconnection 1416 from 1/2V
atchange to ground connection, this gating matrix is being applied to voltage in overall start interconnection 1416 from 1/2V on the contrary
atchange to V
at.Thereby for a shutter in a shutter assembly 1412 is discharged into its loose state, must keep the voltage that applies through charging diode 1410, rather than make this voltage electric discharge.Therefore with this second steering logic, gating matrix 1400 makes the V storing from the shutter assembly that will stay open
atelectric discharge, contrary with the shutter assembly electric discharge of closing from those.Gating matrix 1400 can every frame or in certain other periodic basis between these steering logics alternately.As time goes on, by charging interconnect 1406 and the overall start interconnection 1416 clean current potentials that apply in the actuator of shutter assembly 1048 on average to 0V.
Figure 15 is applicable to comprise the diagram into another the suitable gating matrix 1500 in display device 100 according to an exemplary of the present invention.Gating matrix 1500 is similar to the gating matrix 1100 in Figure 11.Gating matrix 1500 comprises a data interconnect 1502 of the every row pixel 1504 in gating matrix 1500 and a sweep trace of the every row pixel 1504 in gating matrix 1500 is interconnected to 1506.Gating matrix 1500 comprises that a public charging triggers 1508 and public charging interconnection 1510 of interconnection.Each comprises an elasticity shutter assembly 1511, charging trigger switch transistor 1512 and a discharge switch transistor 1514 pixel in gating matrix 1,500 1504, described at Figure 11.Gating matrix 1500 also introduce an overall start interconnection 1516 and in Fig. 9 with respect to functional (functionality) of its correspondence of gating matrix 900 explanations.Gating matrix 1500 also comprises an optional voltage regulation capacitor 1517, and source electrode and the drain electrode of this voltage regulation capacitor and discharge switch transistor 1514 are connected in parallel.
Each pixel 1504 of gating matrix 1500 also comprises that the 3rd transistor, one write energize transistor 1518 and a data reservior capacitor 1520.The sweep trace interconnection 1506 of one-row pixels 1504 is connected to the grid of writing the transistor 1518 of energizing comprising in each pixel 1504 in this row.The data interconnect 1502 of the row of gating matrix 1500 is electrically connected to the source terminal of writing the transistor 1518 of energizing of the pixel 1504 in these row.The energize drain electrode of transistor 1518 of writing in each pixel 1504 is electrically connected to the data storing capacitor 1520 of respective pixel 1504 and the gate terminal that electric discharge triggers transistor 1514 in parallel.
The work of gating matrix 1500 comprises and method 1000 and 1200 common key element all.Beginning at a frame addressing period, a voltage is applied to charging triggering interconnection 1508 and the charging interconnection 1510 of gating matrix 1500, on a shutter assembly 1511 actuator electrodes with each pixel 1504 in gating matrix 1500, set up current potential, i.e. a V
at, to open any shutter assembly of closing 1511.These steps are similar to those steps of carrying out in step 1202 and 1204 in Figure 12.Then write in turn each row of energizing, only whether carry out as with reference to Figure 11,13 and 14 that carry out, by writing to energize, be implemented as the sweep trace interconnection ground connection corresponding, contrary gating matrix 1500 interconnects and 1506 applies one and write the voltage V that energizes to the sweep trace corresponding to each row
we.When writing the pixel 1504 of the particular row of energizing, gating matrix 1500 applies a data voltage to each of gating matrix 1500 corresponding to the data interconnect 1508 that comprises row of the pixel 1502 will closing in the row that this is write has energized.The sweep trace interconnection 1506 that this is write to the row of having energized applies V
wepixel 1504 in can conducting corresponding sweep trace write the transistor 1518 of energizing.Therefore the voltage that makes to be applied on data interconnect 1502 can be stored on the data storing capacitor 1520 of respective pixel 1504.
If being stored in voltage on the data storing capacitor 1520 of a pixel 1504, to compare ground connection sufficiently large, be for example 5V, just start discharge switch transistor 1514, the electric charge being applied on corresponding shutter assembly 1511 through charging trigger switch transistor 1514 can be discharged.Yet the larger voltage being stored in shutter assembly 1511 is V
atelectric discharge spend possibly than store relatively little required many time of time of data voltage on data storing capacitor 1520.By store this data voltage on data storing capacitor 1520, even sweep trace is interconnected in gating matrix 1500, thereby 1506 ground connection are after being stored in the electric charge data interconnect 1502 corresponding with it on capacitor 1520 and keeping apart, and this electric discharge and mechanical actuation process also can continue.Therefore, the discharge process showing with the gating matrix shown in Figure 11,13 and 14 is contrary, and gating matrix 1500 (applies start voltage V for being controlled at by means of being stored in data voltage controlled discharge switch 1514 on capacitor 1520 on shutter assembly 1511
at), rather than the signal on requirement and data interconnect 1502 transmits in real time.
In alternative alternative implementation, reservior capacitor 1520 and write the transistor 1518 of energizing and can substitute with other data storage circuitries, for example under interior known DRAM circuit or the SRAM circuit of technical field.
Contrary with the circuit shown in Figure 11,13 and 14, the electric charge on the electrode of shutter assembly 1511 does not flow to ground by means of the sweep trace interconnection corresponding to pixel 1504 when electric discharge.But the source electrode of discharge switch transistor 1514 is connected to the sweep trace interconnection 1522 of the pixel in the row of its below.Sweep trace in gating matrix 1500 interconnection 1522 is not being write while energizing, and is maintained at or close to earth potential; Therefore they can be used from the effect of effective receiver (sink) of the discharge current in adjacent lines.
Gating matrix 1500 also comprises the ability of overall start, and its process and method are similar to process and the method described in Figure 10.Due to being applied to one, overall start interconnection 1516 keeps voltage V
m, 1/2V for example
at, the shutter in the pixel 1504 of having discharged is held in place.In addressing after all row, gating matrix 1500 is overall start 1516 ground connection that interconnect, thereby substantially as one man discharges the shutter of all shutter assemblies 1511 that discharged.
Figure 16 is applicable to comprise the diagram into another the suitable gating matrix 1600 in display device 100 according to an exemplary of the present invention.Gating matrix 1600 is similar to the gating matrix 1500 in Figure 15.For the every row pixel 1604 in gating matrix 1600, gating matrix 1600 comprises a data interconnect 1602, and for the every row pixel 1604 in gating matrix 1600, gating matrix 1600 comprises a sweep trace interconnection 1606.Gating matrix 1600 comprises that a public charging triggers 1610 and overall start interconnection 1612 of 1608, public charging interconnection of interconnection.Pixel in gating matrix 1,600 1604 each comprise an elasticity shutter assembly 1614, charging trigger switch transistor 1616, discharge switch transistor 1617, one write energize transistor 1618 and a data reservior capacitor 1620, as shown in Figure 15.Gating matrix 1600 also comprise one with the overall start 1612 distinct shutter common interconnect 1622 that interconnect.Between these interconnection 1612 and 1622 a plurality of row in this array and the pixel 1604 in a plurality of row, share.
At work, gating matrix 1600 is carried out the function identical with gating matrix 1500, yet is to carry out by different means or method.More specifically, in gating matrix 1600, completing the method for overall start is diverse with the method for carrying out in gating matrix 900,1400 or 1500.In former described method, this overall situation start is connected on an electrode of this shutter assembly, and applies a maintenance voltage V to this electrode
mto prevent shutter start.Yet in gating matrix 1600, overall start interconnection 1612 is connected to the source electrode of discharge switch transistor 1617.Overall start interconnection 1612 remain on than the current potential of shutter common interconnect 1622 significantly high current potential prevent any discharge switch transistor 1617 conductings, no matter and the electric charge of storage is how on capacitor 1620.Overall start in gating matrix 1600 is to realize like this, by making the current potential in overall start interconnection 1612 identical with the current potential of shutter common interconnect 1622, make those discharge switch transistors 1617 can be according to whether stored a data voltage turn-on on capacitor 1620.Therefore gating matrix 1600 does not rely on the electric bi-stable of shutter assembly 1614 to realize overall start.
In overall start interconnection 1612 is brought to its time of making electrokinetic potential, data reservior capacitor 1620 applying portion voltages are made it possible to partly conducting discharge switch transistor 1617.In this way, on shutter assembly 1614, produce an analog voltage, so that analog gray scale to be provided.
In gating matrix 1600, contrary with gating matrix 1500, the higher capacitance electrode of the actuator in shutter assembly 1614 is electrically connected to shutter common interconnect 1622, rather than is connected to overall start interconnection 1612.At work, this gating matrix replaces between two steering logics of gating matrix 1400 explanations as with reference in Figure 14.Yet for gating matrix 1600, when this gating matrix is switched between these steering logics, gating matrix 1600 is according to selected steering logic, being applied to the voltage in shutter common interconnect 1622 or being switched to ground or being switched to V
at, rather than the switching of being carried out as gating matrix 1400 is applied to the overall start voltage in this overall situation start interconnection.
In the gating matrix 1300 in Figure 13, a simple diode and/or a MIM diode can replace charging to trigger handoff functionality or electric charge value-added tax function that transistor 1616 carries out each pixel in this array.
Figure 17 be according to an exemplary of the present invention for comprising into the diagram of another suitable gating matrix 1700 of display device 100.Gating matrix 1700 is controlled an array of the pixel 1702 that comprises elasticity shutter assembly 1704.Gating matrix 1700 preferably includes and is not bistable shutter assembly, to control better shutter assembly 1704 with a kind of analog form.In other words, the actuator of one of shutter assembly 1704 is applied to a specific voltage and can cause a known increment shutter displacement.
The brightness of a pixel 1702 is determined by the pulsewidth or the amplitude that are applied to the potential pulse on its corresponding data interconnect 1708.When this potential pulse is applied on the data interconnect 1708 of this pixel, electric current is flowed through and is write the transistor 1722 of energizing, and sets up a current potential on data storing capacitor 1724.This voltage on capacitor 1724 is for controlling conducting channel open-minded of gray scale transistor 1718.As long as gate source voltage surpasses certain threshold voltage, it is open-minded that this raceway groove just keeps.Finally, during charge cycle, the current potential on the electrode of shutter assembly 1704 is more or less the same the current potential that rises to and be stored on capacitor 1724, at this this gray scale transistor of moment, will end.The start voltage that in this way, can make to be stored on this shutter assembly changes pro rata with this analog voltage being stored on capacitor 1724.Resulting electrode voltage cause one of shutter in shutter assembly 1704 to the proportional incremental displacement of resulting voltage.This shutter keeps from the state of its rest position displacement until again power up to electric discharge triggering interconnection 1714 at the end of this frame addressing period.
In the gating matrix 1300 in Figure 13, a simple diode and/or a MIM diode can replace charging to trigger handoff functionality or electric charge value-added tax function that transistor 1716 carries out each pixel in this array.
Figure 18 be according to an exemplary of the present invention for comprising into the diagram of another suitable gating matrix 1800 of display device 100.Gating matrix 1800 is controlled an array that comprises the pixel 1802 of two actuator shutter assemblies 1804 (not only have the shutter assembly that shutter is opened actuator but also had shutter close actuator).That this actuator in shutter assembly 1804 can be made electric bi-stable or mechanical bistable.
For the every row pixel 1802 in gating matrix 1800, gating matrix 1800 comprises a sweep trace interconnection 1806.For the every row pixel 1802 in gating matrix 1800, gating matrix 1800 also comprises two data interconnects, and a shutter is opened interconnection 1808a and a shutter close interconnection 1808b.Gating matrix 1800 also comprises that 1810, chargings of a charging interconnection trigger 1812 and overall start interconnection 1814 of interconnection.Between these interconnection 1810,1812 and 1814 a plurality of row in this array and the pixel 1802 in a plurality of row, share.In a realization (below by the realization describing in detail), between all pixels 1802 of interconnection 1810,1812 and 1814 in this gating matrix 1800, share.
Each pixel 1802 in this gating matrix comprises that a shutter opens charging transistor 1816, shutter and open discharge transistor 1818, shutter close charging transistor 1820 and a shutter close discharge transistor 1822.This gating matrix also comprises two voltage regulation capacitors 1824, and each is connected in parallel this voltage regulation capacitor with source electrode and the drain electrode of discharge transistor 1818 and 1822.In each frame addressing period, 1800 pairs of overall start interconnection 1814 of gating matrix apply one and keep voltage, V
m, for example, be the needed voltage V of this shutter assembly of start
at1/2.This maintenance voltage is locked in its current state shutter assembly 1804, until start an overall start when this frame addressing period finishes.Then gating matrix 1800 triggers interconnection 1821 to charging and applies a voltage, and the shutter of the pixel 1802 in conducting gating matrix 1800 is opened and shutter close transistor 1816 and 1820.In an implementation, charging interconnection 1,810 one of carrying are equal to, or greater than V
atthe DC voltage of 40V for example.
During every row pixel 1802 in addressing gating matrix 1800, gating matrix 1800 is by 1806 ground connection writing that the sweep trace of one-row pixels 1802 correspondences is interconnected this row pixel of energizing.Then gating matrix 1800 to the every row pixel 1802 corresponding in gating matrix 1800 or shutter open the interconnection of interconnection 1808a or shutter close 1808b apply a data voltage V
d, 5V for example.If the shutter close interconnection 1808b to row applies V
d, be stored in voltage in the shutter close actuator of corresponding shutter assembly 1804 by 1822 electric discharges of shutter close discharge transistor.Similarly, if being opened to interconnection 1808a, the shutter of row applies V
d, the voltage that the shutter that is stored in corresponding shutter assembly 1804 is opened in actuator is opened discharge transistor 1818 electric discharges by shutter.Generally, in order to ensure correct start, for any given shutter assembly in this array, only allow in this actuator, be shutter close actuator or be that shutter is opened actuator, electric discharge.
In addressing after the pixel 1802 of all row, gating matrix 1800 by the current potential that overall start interconnected on 1814 from V
mchange over ground connection start pixel globally 1802.If needed, this voltage change discharges to be switched to its next state this actuator from its lock-out state.If this overall situation start interconnection will replace with a constant voltage ground or common interconnect, that is to say if gating matrix 1800 is not used this overall situation start method, voltage regulation capacitor 1824 may be optional so.
In the gating matrix 1400 in Figure 14, a simple diode and/or a MIM diode can replace shutter to open charging transistor 1816 and shutter close charging transistor 1820.
Alternatively, can utilize the bistable characteristic of shutter assembly 1804 and replace shutter to open charging transistor 1816 and shutter close charging transistor 1820 with a resistor.When with the work of resistor, people rely on the RC charging rate that is associated with the electric capacity of actuator in this resistor and shutter assembly 1804 can be in size than or through shutter, open discharge transistor 1818 or make this actuator much bigger fact of required time of discharging through shutter close discharge transistor 1822.In the time interval between the actuator of shutter assembly 1804 recharges by this resistor and charging interconnection 1810 by the electric discharge of one of this discharge transistor and this actuator, correct voltage difference can be in the actuator of shutter assembly 1804, set up, and this shutter assembly start can be caused.After this resistor recharges each in the opening and closing actuator of shutter assembly 1804, not start again of shutter assembly 1804, no matter because be any one in two actuator or all now all effectively keep suitable maintenance voltage, one is greater than V
mvoltage.
Figure 19 is suitable for comprising the diagram into another the suitable gating matrix 1900 in display device 100 according to an exemplary of the present invention.Gating matrix 1900 is controlled an array of the pixel 1902 that comprises two actuator shutter assemblies 1904 (not only have the shutter assembly that shutter is opened actuator but also had shutter close actuator).That this actuator in shutter assembly 1904 can be made electric bi-stable or mechanical bistable.
For the every row pixel 1902 in gating matrix 1900, gating matrix 1900 comprises a sweep trace interconnection 1906.For the every row pixel 1902 in gating matrix 1900, gating matrix 1900 also comprises two data interconnects, and a shutter is opened interconnection 1908a and a shutter close interconnection 1908b.Gating matrix 1900 also comprises that 1910, chargings of a charging interconnection trigger 1914 and shutter common interconnect 1915 of 1912, overall start interconnection of interconnection.Between these interconnection 1910,1912,1914 and 1915 a plurality of row in this array and the pixel 1902 in a plurality of row, share.In a realization (this realizes explanation in further detail hereinafter), between all pixels 1902 of interconnection 1910,1912,1914 and 1915 in gating matrix 1900, share.
Each pixel 1902 in this gating matrix comprises that a shutter opens that charging transistor 1916, shutter are opened discharge transistor 1918, a shutter is opened and write energize transistor 1917 and a data reservior capacitor 1919, as shown in Figure 16 and 18.Each pixel 1902 in this gating matrix comprises that a shutter close charging transistor 1920 and shutter close discharge transistor 1922, a shutter close write energize transistor 1927 and a data reservior capacitor 1929.
In each frame addressing period, 1900 pairs of chargings of gating matrix trigger interconnection 1912 and apply a voltage, and the shutter of the pixel 1902 in conducting gating matrix 1900 is opened and shutter close transistor 1916 and 1920.In an implementation, charging interconnection 1,910 one of carrying are equal to, or greater than V
atthe DC voltage of 40V for example.
Then, as illustrated in the gating matrix 1500 with reference in Figure 15, sequentially write each row of energizing.When writing the pixel 1902 of the particular row of energizing, gating matrix 1900 to the every row pixel 1902 corresponding in gating matrix 1900 or shutter open interconnection 1908a or shutter close interconnection 1908b and apply a data voltage.To being write the sweep trace interconnection 1906 of the row of having energized, apply V
wemake two of pixel 1902 in corresponding sweep trace to write all conductings of transistor 1917 and 1927 of energizing.Thereby the voltage that makes to be applied on data interconnect 1908a and 1908b can be stored on the data storing capacitor 1919 and 1929 of respective pixel 1902.Generally, for guaranteeing correct start, for any given shutter assembly in this array, only allow in this actuator, or shutter close actuator or shutter are opened actuator, electric discharge.
In gating matrix 1900, overall start interconnection 1914 is connected to shutter and opens both source electrodes of discharge switch transistor 1918 and shutter close discharge transistor 1922.Current potential that 1914 residing current potentials are significantly higher than shutter common interconnect 1915 can prevent any discharge switch transistor 1918 or 1922 of conducting to keep overall start to interconnect, no matter and what charge storage on capacitor 1919 and 1929.The realization of the overall start in gating matrix 1900 is by making the current potential in overall start interconnection 1914 identical with the current potential of shutter common interconnect 1915, make discharge switch transistor 1918 or 1922 can according to or capacitor 1919 or capacitor 1920 on whether stored a data voltage turn-on.Therefore the electric bi-stable that, gating matrix 1900 does not rely in shutter assembly 1904 is realized overall start.
To data storing capacitor 1919 and 1921 applying portion voltages, make it possible in overall start interconnection 1914 is taken to its time of making electrokinetic potential partly conducting discharge switch transistor 1918 and 1922.In this way, on shutter assembly 1904, set up an analog voltage, so that analog gray scale to be provided.
At work, this gating matrix replaces between two steering logics, as illustrated in the gating matrix 1600 with reference in Figure 16.
In the gating matrix 1300 in Figure 13, simple MIM diode or rheostat can replace charging to trigger handoff functionality or electric charge value-added tax function that transistor 1616 carries out each pixel in this array.Also have, in the gating matrix 1800 in Figure 18, can replace shutter to open charging transistor 1916 and shutter close charging transistor 1920 with a resistor.
Generally speaking, by use nonoculture moving or the illustrational any gating matrix 1100,1300,1400,1500 of flexible shutter assembly or 1700 can in mirror image mode, copy this control circuit and advantageously be applicable to the moving shutter assembly of double cropping for example 1904 by each being opened and closed to actuator.As shown in the method 800 at Fig. 8, offering these data, to open that data that interconnection and these data close interconnection tend to be complementary, if open interconnection to these data, apply a logical one, will typically to these data, close interconnection so a logical zero is provided.In other alternative alternative implementations, can change this gating matrix to replace transistor with rheostat.
In alternative alternative implementation, this gating matrix records the former position of each pixel, and only just the data interconnect corresponding to this pixel is applied to position during the position before the state for a pixel of next picture frame is different from.In another alternative alternate embodiment, this pixel comprises mechanical bistable shutter assembly, replaces only electric bi-stable shutter assembly.In such embodiment, can replace charging to trigger transistor with resistor, and can from this gating matrix, remove this charging and trigger and interconnect, as illustrated above with reference to Figure 18.Two steering logics that gating matrix 1400 is used can also be for other implementations of gating matrix 1800.
Grayscale technology
Field-sequential colorful
The relatively low power of display device 100 use provides high-quality video image.The optics of a light valve based on shutter can provide than liquid crystal display by efficiency has the higher order of magnitude, because it produces this image, does not need polarizer or chromatic filter.
In the situation that not using chromatic filter, a method that produces video image in a display based on shutter is to use field-sequential colorful.Due to the absorption in chromatic filter, this chromatic filter reduces optical efficiency the number percent of one > 60%.The display of use field-sequential colorful changes one of use into and produces the backlight of pure red, green and blue light with ordered sequence.For every kind of color produces an independent image.When the frequency with over 50Hz replaces these independent color images, human eye, by these images of homogenizing, produces a sensation with the single image of wide and continuous color gamut.So can produce backlight efficiently, this is backlight make it possible to from or the pure color that produces of light emitting diode (LED) source or electroluminescent source between switch rapidly.
Gating matrix shown in Fig. 5,6,7,9,11,13-19 provide with gray tone accurately produce particular color image (color sub-frame image) means and with mode is switched between color image fast means.
With field-sequential colorful, forming image accurately can be by synchronizeing improvement backlight between processing with address pixels, particularly because switch between the desired state of each color sub-frame or each pixel of resetting need to a limited time period.Depend on the gating matrix for addressing and start pixel, if do not adopt the option of overall start, image controller may suspend the time that completes machinery switching or start in each row of looking enough at each row or the sweep trace of display so.If this is backlight, to throw light on widely whole display and display controller switching state between 2 color images line by line simultaneously can disturb resulting contrast by a single color.
Considering that explanation is between each color, to reset in a synchronous demonstration can be for two example of blanking time backlight in the process of an image.If this shutter start or open and closed condition between motion need 20 microseconds, if with a kind of this shutter of mode start line by line, and if there are 100 row, completing addressing needs 2 milliseconds.So the meeting backlight that this is synchronous is turned off in these a few 2 milliseconds.Notice, if this display with the frame per second of 60Hz by 3 colors operations of every frame, each color sub-frame only allows the time of 5.6 milliseconds, and in this example, backlightly within this time of 36%, is turned off.
Alternatively, when adopting a kind of overall start scheme to switch between color sub-frame, for all shutters that move between image simultaneously, this image of same replacement will only need 20 microseconds.This has loosened in fact the requirement to shutter speed.In the process that color is reset, if this backlightly will turn-off the time that 100 microseconds are so long, so be better than 98% by the number percent of the frequency lighting hours of 60Hz.Suppose the image refreshing time of 100 microseconds, the not significant loss of lighting hours so this frame per second may be increased to 120Hz.Use the frame per second of 120Hz can significantly reduce the image artifacts being caused by field-sequential colorful, for example colo(u)r breakup in the video image of rapid movement.
Gray scale
In display, the quantity of available monodrome color partly depends on available gray level in each of this three color images.Four Principle Methods that produce gray scale with and combination can be for horizontal shutter display.
Analog gray scale
The first method that produces gray scale is a kind of analogy method, by the method, makes shutter and the part start voltage applying only partly block pro rata an aperture.Horizontal shutter can be designed so that, for example above with reference to Fig. 2 illustrated by control, make the shape of moving electrode, make the number percent of transmitted light and a start voltage proportional.
For analog gray scale, display device is equipped with a digital to analog converter, makes to offer the voltage of pixel and the gray level of expection is proportional.Within the whole time period of a picture frame, keep the ratio-voltage in each actuator, make to keep this ratio shutter position in whole lighting hours section.Selectively use a capacitor of arrangement in parallel with actuator in Fig. 2 and Figure 17 to assist in ensuring that, even may reveal some electric charges from pixel in lighting hours, voltage also can not change significantly and change shutter position in this lighting hours section.
The advantage of this analog gray scale is in every pixel motion, only to need 1 shutter, and in the time period, only 1 picture frame need to be set at each color illumination.Therefore in all alternative method of gray scale is provided, the data transfer rate of analog gray scale and addressing speed are the most unfastidious.
Time-division gray scale
In the situation that suitably designing horizontal shutter, can realize low-voltage fast and switch.The shutter assembly laterally driving, the shutter assembly of for example describing in Fig. 2 for example, can be fabricated to such an extent that have the start time within the scope of 3 microsecond to 100 microseconds.Start so fast makes it possible to implement time-division gray scale, and wherein contrast is realized by relative turn-on time or the dutycycle of the shutter of start by controlling.A kind of time-division gray scale can be used digital gray scale coding to implement, and is to comprise two shutter actuator states of gating matrix identification of bistable state shutter assembly, connects or turn-offs.Gray scale realizes by the time span of controlling a shutter and opening.
Can adopt the situation that field-sequential colorful and frame per second are 60Hz to understand switching time by supposition.Distribute the time of 5.6 milliseconds to each color sub-frame.If this available time interval will be divided into 63 sections (6 gray scales of every color), the logical time increment of the short circuit of each image, is called least significant bit (LSB) (LSB) time so, will be 88 microseconds.If the image of a corresponding LSB time position will utilize an overall start scheme create and show, the start of so all shutters need to complete in the time at the LSB that is significantly less than 88 microseconds.If addressed display, is available in the time of every row replacement few quite a lot of so line by line.For a display with 100 row, the operational start time may be lower than every row 0.5 microsecond.Although can have a plurality of controller algorithms for loosening by a needed time interval of scheme addressing shutter line by line (such as the Ferroelectrics referring to people such as N.A.Clark (ferroelectric material), the 46th the 97th page of volume (2000)), in any case but shutter start required time is few more quite a lot of than 20 microseconds in these 6 gray scale examples.
By using time division multiplex to realize multidigit gray scale, in addressing circuit, need a large amount of power because in this control program refresh at every turn or addressing period in the energy loss of each pixel in actuation cycles be 1/2CV
2(C is the electric capacity that this pixel adds control electrode, and V is start voltage).The circuit diagram of Figure 11 and Figure 13-19 is by reducing power requirement from start voltage (the desired voltage of shutter moves) decoupling and reduction addressing voltage (desired voltage sweep trace and data line).
Area is divided gray scale
It is to allow every pixel to have a plurality of shutters and actuator that the addressing speed that can reduce time-division gray scale requires with another method of power requirement.By add the availability of an additional gray level bit in spatial domain or area territory, in the time of can be 6 scale-of-two, offshoot program (time slots of 63 requirements) converts 5 bit time schemes (time slots of 31 requirements) to.This additional space bit can realize with 2 shutters of every pixel and aperture, when particularly this shutter/aperture has unequal area.Similarly, if every pixel can be used 4 shutters (having unequal area), the quantity of required time position can reduce to 3 so, and result remains 64 valid gray levels of each color.
Illumination gray scale
Can loosen the rate request of above-mentioned grayscale technology and/or another method that real estate requires is to use a kind of illumination gray scale.By means of changing backlight luminescence intensity, can regulate contrast that the illumination by coloured image realizes or provide meticulousr gray level for this contrast.If this backlight can response fast (as the LED-backlit in the situation that), so can by or change this brightness backlight or change its illumination duration and realize contrast.
Consider an example below, wherein we suppose that gating matrix used a kind of overall start scheme and time-division gray scale by building and showing that the different time bit image of the time of illuminated different length realizes.Take one by color framing being divided into 4 scale-of-two time encoding schemes that 15 time slots realize, be example.The image building for the shortest (LSB) time should remain time of 1/15 of available frame time.In order to expand to 5 encoding schemes, people can be divided into 31 time slots this color framing in time domain, and this requirement doubles addressing speed.Alternatively, can only distribute 16 time slots, and give one of these time slots distribute an image of only be take 1/2 brightness illumination or one by one only at the image of the back lighting of glistening in section as turn-on time of 1/31 of this frame time.By adding these short duration image and partial illuminations, can in 4 time-division encoding schemes, add the nearly additional gray level bit of 3.If this partial illumination position is assigned to the reckling in these timeslices, just can obtain an insignificant loss of averaging projection's brightness.
Mix grey scale solutions
Four principle means of gray scale are analog gray scale, time-division gray scale, area division gray scale and illumination gray scale.Be to be understood that and can by conjunction with above-mentioned any method, for example, by being combined with time-division, area division and using partial illumination, build available control program.Pass through interpositioning---also referred to as shake, also can obtain the Further Division of gray scale.Jitter only comprises insert LSB time position in the color framing series replacing.Spatial domain shake, also referred to as shadow tone, an established part that relates to control or open neighbor is to produce the regional area only with part brightness.
For overall understanding of the present invention is provided, by the additional exemplary of explanation, comprise portable handset and manufacture method thereof below.Yet one of ordinary skill in the art are to be understood that, herein illustrated system and method can be suitably for for application modify and change, and herein illustrated system and method can be in other suitable application, and other such interpolations and revise and will can not depart from scope of the present invention.
More specifically, the system and method that this paper is illustrated, the method that mainly comprises portable handset and manufacture portable handset, this portable handset comprises the display board of low-power and the bright illumination with enough resolution, so that a visual user interface to be provided, can under a plurality of ambient lighting conditions, watch visually distinct image.More specifically, in certain embodiments, illustrated system and method comprises portable handset herein, and this portable handset comprises the display that contains a MEMS display board, and this MEMS display board has an optical modulation layer.This optical modulation layer comprises and is configured to the pixel element that the screen for any size provides work to watch resolution, and the screen of above-mentioned any size comprises littlely takes advantage of the screen of 0.25 inch and less screen to 0.25 inch, depends on application.Particularly, in one embodiment, this optical modulation layer comprises a display being formed by a display board with a plurality of shutters that can transverse movement that are arranged in a matrix of pixel elements.This matrix is approximately one inch wide and takes advantage of one inch long to have 120 row and 120 row, thereby provides roughly 14,400 to be evenly distributed in this inch pixel of taking advantage of in the display board of an inch.Alternatively, as will be in further detail explanation, can provide one backlight, this is backlight provides a light source, this light source makes light pass this optical modulation layer, thereby the shutter of this transverse movement can be modulated produced light to produce an image on this display board.A MEMS display controller can be connected to this MEMS display board to drive this display to produce image.Alternatively, this MEMS display controller provides a plurality of mode of operations, with this MEMS display of mode activated that is adapted to application and condition with.The high optical power efficiency of this MEMS display can affect by this MEMS display controller, and in one embodiment, this MEMS display controller is dynamically arranged to the mode of operation of this display board to change with available power and application requirements.The highly efficient power utilization of illustrated device herein and controlling allows additional functional, such as WI-FI and panchromatic video, and this is additional functional otherwise the many power of power that can provide than machine power source may be provided on the time quantum of any practicality.These embodiments and other embodiments illustrate in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing providing herein.
More specifically, Figure 20 illustrates according to a system of the present invention first embodiment, and a portable handset A10 is shown, this portable handset comprises a display A12, an optional second display A14, a display brightness is controlled A16, a display comparison degree is controlled A18, a user interface input media A20, an illumination level detecting device A21, an audio frequency output A22, an input control A24, a second input control A28, a portable memory storage A30, an optional touch-screen A32 who is placed in optional display A14 top, an optional stylus A34, a main case A38, an optional illumination level detecting device and a display cover housing A40.In addition, this system can comprise an attaching plug and mating interface (docking interface) and the interface that is connected to peripherals by for example audio sockets or usb bus or relevant apparatus.
A portable handset can be any device that a user can be portable easily, and has an internal electric source and make it possible to this device to move to another position from a position.The size of a portable handset can be according to its intended purpose and characteristic change, and larger device can have handle or handle, and less device can have wrist strap, arm band or clip, makes it possible to more easily carry this device.
Display A12 comprise one below by more describe in detail, be contained in the MEMS display board covering in housing A40.Cave in above of the main body of display A12 lid housing A40, and this displaying appliance have an appointment grow 21/2 " and wide by 17/8 " size, comprise one approximately 3 " diagonal angle screen size.Display A12 is in the scope of this lid housing A40 in the illustrated embodiment, and lid housing A40 comprises a header board and a backboard, this header board has one and is made into required size to be provided to the opening of the pathways for vision of this display A12, and this backboard covers the whole rear portion of display A12.On the frame that display board A12 can form in the periphery edge around being positioned at this opening of this backboard that covers housing A40.An optional seal, rubber washer or plastic washer, can place around this periphery edge typically, makes this display board A12 by being placed on this packing ring and sealed in place, allowed a certain amount of elasticity.If this device A10 is fallen or be misused in other mode, the seal contributes to absorbing vibration.Typically, plastics such as polystyrene or Polyvinylchloride or certain other suitable material manufacture for lid housing A40.Alternatively, housing A40 can use metal, or any combination manufacture of plastics and metal material.No matter which kind of situation, it is a kind of so solid that to be enough to protect display board A12 to use for a long time a housing of this display board that selected material will provide.This housing A40 typically approximately grows 8 inches (20cm) and approximately wide 4 inches (10cm), and lid housing A40 overlays on main casing A38.Device A10 shown in Figure 20 has one and is suitable for during operation the shape factor of holding this device by user's hand or both hands.This is easy to carry about with one this device, and in some embodiments, makes it possible to hold this device with a hand, and vacate another hand so that, main, use optional stylus A34 with by optional touch-screen A32 input data.
Optional display A14 can be the second display being incorporated in this portable handset A10, and both can be for demonstration information, also can, in the embodiment illustrated, for input message.For this purpose, device A10 can comprise an optional touch-screen A32 who is placed on display board A14.Touch-screen A32 can be the type of touch screens being generally used in computer system, make a user to touch or to exert oneself to identify a position on touch-screen A32 by use, this position can be presented at an icon or other data on display A14 for identification.
Portable unit A10 also comprises user interface element, example input media A20 and input media A24 and A28 and audio output device A22 as shown in Figure 20.In illustrated embodiment, input media A20 be a kind of can be for playing games or for the criss-cross direction control knob of other forms of data input.Input media A24 and A28 can press button for the user to device A10 input data.Audio output device A22 shown in Figure 20 can provide sound signal so that the loudspeaker of the type of feedback to be provided to this user to user, and the sound signal providing to user is for example sound or music.No matter in which kind of situation, comprise that this input media of cruciform direction control knob A36 and audio output device A22 and output unit can be for portable unit A10, so that a user can input data and receive data.These interface arrangements make user can with the information interaction appearing in any one of display A12 or A14.Alternatively, and traditionally, cruciform input media A20 can there will be at one of display A12 and A14 or the cursor on both for handling one.
This power supply can be a battery, fuel cell, capacitor or any other devices that a kind of electric power source is provided.Typically, this power supply is that a kind of rechargeable battery and one are connected to this battery to provide operation logic chip, lamp and display board and such as the power regulator of the voltage level of any other airborne device of WI-FI transceiver, chip for cell phone group, tuner, loudspeaker and other annexes.One of the present invention to realize result as follows: by using one with the MEMS display that the horizontal shutter of low optical power loss is provided, and by controlling the mode of operation of this display, can distribute more power for these annexes.
Illumination level detecting device A21 can be the optical sensor of a testing environment light intensity.Illumination level detecting device A21 produces a strength signal, and this device can utilize this strength signal to regulate the brightness of this display.Thereby if this illumination level detecting device A21 detects the low-intensity of surround lighting, for example the light intensity in the room of a dark illumination, installs A10 and can move display board A12 and A14 with low brightness.In addition, if this illumination level detecting device A21 detects the high strength of surround lighting, for example fine day is in the light intensity of outdoor appearance, and device A10 can dynamically change to the mode of operation of display A12 and A14 the higher brightness setting that user can see under this ambient lighting conditions.
Forward Figure 21 to, in figure, show in more detail and can in two displays, on any display A12, occur so that the image type of information to be provided to user.Particularly, Figure 21 to be illustrated in size on diagonal line can be also 3 " display A12 or A14.Figure 21 illustrates multiple different data type, comprises image, text and graphical symbol, and shows one 3 " text message of a fundamental quantity of diagonal line screen.Particularly, Figure 21 display A12 is shown can projection text message---such as text A48, graphical symbol---for example illustrated user window widget A52 and A54 and image---illustrated image A 50 for example.
In illustrated embodiment, display A12 is a kind of screen of high-resolution pixel, wide approximately 2.5 inches and be about 17/8 inch, and has about 256 row pixels and 192 row pixels, altogether approximately 49,152 pixels.Display A12 a kind ofly provides approximately 262, the color monitor of 144 colors, but in other embodiment, this display can have or more or less color, and the amount of the color that provides of this screen can change according to application as will be described below like that.As below described with reference to some optional embodiment, display of the present invention can also be monochromatic, black and white typically, or there is a kind of mode of operation that produces monochrome image.Under any circumstance, as shown in Figure 21, this hand-held device utilizes this display to user's exhibition information, and this information can comprise text message, such as contact information, telephone number, data and note.In addition, display A12 can show view data, such as image A 50, and this view data can be a bitmap file, a jpeg file or any other suitable image file type.In addition, herein illustrated system and method can display video data, such as mpeg and wmv file.
The graph image that Graph Control part A52 and A54 are produced by hand-held device A10 typically, for providing the user interface control piece visually representing to user.For example, Graph Control part A52 is expressed as and represents whether this hand-held device has a kind of status indication of quiet audio output function.User can watch Graph Control part A52 with the mute state of audio output device of decorrelation, and when changing this mute state, this hand-held device A10 can change over a graphical symbol that represents the change state of this mute function graph image A52.Similarly, Graph Control part A54 represents a slip control piece, and this slip control piece can cause the information being presented on this display according to the direction of mobile this control piece A54, or at least one part of this information, rolls up and/or down.Display A12 also represents the information that comprises content information, and this content information is for example stored in the user data in the storer of this device.
Thereby display A12 is a part of the user interface of portable unit A10, and it plays one for the output unit of the data that can visually feel and plays the device of guides user input data.In the embodiment shown in Figure 21, hand-held device display A12 is for representing and the data that contact data base is relevant.Yet, in other embodiment, this hand-held device can be a mobile phone, a smart phone, a media player, game console, a GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) (GNSS) receiver, a televisor, a digital camera, a portable video recorder, a kneetop computer or other devices.In each of these embodiments, this hand-held device utilizes display A12 to convey a message to user.
Display A12 comprises a display board with a plurality of shutters that can transverse movement, the plurality of can transverse movement shutter can light modulated to form an image on this display, example image as shown in Figure 21.
Forward Figure 22 to, in figure, demonstrate a functional-block diagram, this functional-block diagram illustrates a portable handset A60, and this portable handset comprises a MEMS display A12 and the 2nd MEMS display A14, Graphics Processing Unit and MEMS display controller A70, image RAM A68, a central processing unit (CPU) A72, work RAM A74, power supply A76, external memory interface A78, an operating key A80, loudspeaker A82, a touch pad A84 and a peripheral circuit interface A88.
In addition, Figure 22 illustrates device A60 and can be connected with dismountable cassette disk A90, and this dismountable cassette disk can comprise a program ROM and backup RAM, or it can be a memory stick.
MEMS display board A12 and A14 are connected to game processing unit and MEMS display controller A70 (MEMS display controller).MEMS display controller A70 shown in Figure 22 is connected to CPUA72 and under the control of CPU A72, works at least in part.MEMS display controller A70 is connected to image RAM A68 by a bidirectional bus, and this image RAM storage can or be presented at MEMS display A12 or is presented at image and/or the video data on MEMS display A14.In the embodiment shown in Figure 22, CPU A72 is connected to a plurality of user's interface devices by peripheral circuit interface A88.Peripheral circuit interface A88 is connected to operating key A80, and this operating key can be interface arrangement A20, A24 and the A28 shown in Figure 20.Peripheral interface A88 can also be connected to a loudspeaker, and this loudspeaker can be to same similar at the audio output device A22 shown in Figure 20.One can be that the optional touch pad A84 of the touch pad A32 shown in Figure 20 is connected to CPU A72 through peripheral interface A88.In illustrated embodiment, this portable handset comprises an interface A78 to a file devices A90.This file devices can comprise for guiding the programmed instruction of this device work and can comprising storer, such as illustrated program ROM and backup RAM A94.No matter which kind of situation, external storage A90 can be connected to this CPU by an external memory interface A78.Alternatively, this system can comprise other elements, such as Wi-Fi transceiver, Bluetooth transceiving, televisor and/or radio tuner and other such elements.These elements can be integrated in device A10 and within being placed in housing A38, or can be to be connected to this device or by being arranged for other interfaces of this object, to be connected to the peripheral unit of this device by interface A78.
CPU A72 can be microprocessor unit such as ARM7, at work this microprocessor unit can query interface device A78 and A88 to collect user's input and to provide feedback to user.CPU A72 is the programmable device of an execution of program instructions, and this programmed instruction for example can comprise for carry out the instruction of a video-game on this hand-held device A10, the output unit with MEMS display A12 as video information.For this purpose, CPU A72 can monitor that user input apparatus A80 is to collect the play information that determines and use this game information judgement to represent what image by any or whole two in MEMS display A12 and A14 to user about user.
In order to represent visual information to user, CPU A72 can be connected to MEMS display controller A70, and in one embodiment, this MEMS display controller can be for a field programmable gate array (FPGA) of the type of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is provided.In response to an instruction from CPU A72, MEMS display controller A70 adopts RAM A68 to produce a game image to output to a MEMS display A12 and the 2nd MEMS display A14, and causes that produced game image is displayed on one of MEMS display A12 and A14 or whole two.
In illustrated embodiment, MEMS display controller A70 is a graphic process unit and the MEMS display controller being integrated in single programmable device, and this single programmable device is a field programmable gate array (FPGA) typically.This Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) can be the GPU of such class routine: the GPU of the type can operate the graph image such as ghosts and monsters (sprite), and can organize or select in RAM A68 or from the view data of this RAM, so that this view data is presented on one of MEMS display A12 and A14 or whole two by MEMS display controller A70.
MEMS display controller A70 shown in Figure 22 also, at least in part, in FPGA A70, realize, yet one of ordinary skill in the art can be clear, this GPU and MEMS display controller can be realized in independent programmable device, and can use in addition circuit and the controller of any suitable type, and FPGA be one for realize a common embodiment of the system of complicated logic in a portable electronic equipment.
Illustrated MEMS display controller A70 has a plurality of mode of operations for controlling each MEMS display A12 and A14.As below will explained, this portable handset according to the present invention comprises and is formed the display board with a MEMS layer that comprises a plurality of shutters that can transverse movement.This can transverse movement shutter can light modulated in order to produce an image on this MEMS display.For this display board can transverse movement shutter effectively from least one primary importance, move to a second place, can the speed of display video image carrying out this motion on arbitrary this MEMS display.In addition, in certain embodiments, this MEMS display board can show monochromatic data, and black and white typically is similarly applied for the application of for example wrist-watch, e-book, figure rest image, text and so on and other.MEMS display controller A70 shown in Figure 22 comprises a kind of mode of operation, for effectively driving MEMS display board A12 and A14, to use a mode of operation of being chosen by this MEMS display controller A70 to represent the power consumption that an image extracts from the power supply A76 in hand-held device A10 with minimizing.
MEMS display controller A70 can provide the dynamic control to this MEMS display board, and in one embodiment, can be by controlling for the figure place of color is set according to application and condition, for example 2 (monochrome), 4,6 or multidigit more, control to color depth is provided, comprises adaptive control.In these embodiments, MEMS display controller A70 can be for the power setting color-resolution that will extract, and this can cause a large amount of electric power to be saved.For example, MEMS display controller A70 can for example show the numeral of the telephone number dialing for a specific application, determines and need to carry out monochromatic demonstration.Under this pattern, MEMS display controller A70 can select two mode of operations, and these two mode of operations show the telephone number dialing with monochrome image.Yet, if this application for example moves a web browser, requiring coloured image, MEMS display controller A70 can be used 6 these images of color displays.Alternatively, MEMS display controller A70 can process the view data that is stored in this video memory to judge desired color depth, and according to this judgement, regulates the figure place for generation of this image.MEMS display controller A70 can service time multiplexing gray scale, and use a command sequence that color bit depth is set, color bit depth dynamically and is adaptively set.
Figure 23 is a block scheme of an embodiment of a MEMS display controller.Illustrated MEMS display controller can drive and control a MEMS display board, such as plate A12 or A14.As noted earlier, herein illustrated portable handset adopts a MEMS display board, this MEMS display board comprise a plurality of light modulated think user produce an image can transverse movement shutter.An embodiment of such MEMS display is shown in Figure 25 C in further detail, and this figure provides an exploded view of an exemplary MEMS display board A600.
Particularly, Figure 25 C illustrates a MEMS display board A600, and this MEMS display board comprises a cover plate A602, a black matrix (matrix) A608, an a plurality of shutter assembly A616 with the matrix of row and column, transparent substrate A630, strengthening membrane A622, diffusion layer A624, light conductive medium A628, scattering and reflection horizon A620 and a plurality of support column A640 of being arranged in.
Illustrated shutter assembly A616 comprise one can transverse movement shutter and a static drive member.Shutter assembly A616 is formed on illustrated MEMS layer, and this MEMS layer is formed on this transparent substrate A630.Gating matrix to provide one shutter A616 can be connected with MEMS display controller A70 in this MEMS layer is also provided a plurality of conducting elements.An example of a gating matrix is shown in Figure 24 A, yet this MEMS display controller can utilize any suitable gating matrix work.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 25 C, this shutter is transverse movement in a plane preferably, make this shutter in its corresponding aperture A638 or motion above at least a portion of aperture A638, the light being produced by lamp (light source) A612 with modulation, the light being produced by this lamp A612 is upwards guided through aperture A638 by reflect/scatter surface A 620 at least in part.This is illustrated by the light A614 upwards propagating through cover plate A602.In this embodiment, the shutter of the transverse movement describing in detail with reference to Figure 24 B by plane above the A638 of aperture transverse movement light modulated, effectively cut the fluid of any this shutter of encirclement.This incision campaign is understood to high efficiency and the switch speed of video rate is provided.The MEMS display of explanation is what explanation can be for the MEMS types of display panels of portable handset of the present invention herein.Yet, embodiment shown in these is not exhaustive, this MEMS display board can suitably be modified for predetermined purposes, and for example can comprise front lighting, the surround lighting of chromatic filter, modulation reflection is with the shutter of cremasteric reflex or transmission/reflection MEMS display board.An a kind of like this example of reflective display is shown in Figure 37.Particularly, Figure 37 illustrates a reflection MEMS display board A1800, this reflection MEMS display board comprises and is arranged in a lens arra A1802 on shutter assembly A1810, this shutter assembly have one above a reflecting surface A1804 transverse movement with the shutter A1808 of the surround lighting of modulation incident.Thereby this display can change according to application, they can have different shape and size, and they can be QVGA or certain other sizes, and this size, pixel count and picture element density can change according to application.
The gating matrix that is connected to this MEMS layer and shutter assembly A616 is controlled the motion of this shutter.This gating matrix comprises a series of electrical interconnection (not shown)s, comprises that one of every row pixel also referred to as data interconnect writing the interconnection of energizing, every row pixel of " sweep trace interconnection " with to all pixels in display board A600 or a common interconnect of a common electric voltage is at least provided from the pixel of a plurality of row in this display board and a plurality of row two aspects.In response to applying a suitable voltage, (" write the voltage of energizing, V
we"), the interconnection of energizing of writing of the pixel of a given row makes the pixel in this row be ready to receive new shutter movement instruction from this MEMS display controller.This data interconnect transmits this new movement instruction with the form of data voltage pulse.In some implementations, the data voltage pulse being applied on this data interconnect is directly worked to quiet electrically driven (operated) motion of shutter.In other implementation, this data voltage pulse gauge tap, for example transistor or other are controlled the nonlinear circuit element that applies start voltage separately to shutter assembly A616, start voltage that should be separately generally in amplitude higher than this data voltage.So apply quiet electrically driven (operated) motion that these start voltages cause this shutter.For this purpose, can use a common driver A155 applying the motion of data voltage with this shutter of rear drive.Illustrated common driver A155 can control one or more common signal, and this one or more common signal is the signal that electricity offers all these shutter assemblies or one group of this shutter assembly.This this common signal can comprise public write energize, the public high voltage for shutter start, public ground.Alternatively, this common driver can drive a plurality of lines, is for example electrically connected to a plurality of common ground of the zones of different of MEMS display board A14.Should be appreciated that this driver in Figure 23 is illustrated as function square frame, but in practice, these drivers may be implemented as a plurality of circuit components and discrete parts, and practical structures will according to institute for application change.
MEMS display controller shown in Figure 23 comprises a controller A156, display interface A158, a frame buffer A159, sequencer/timing controlled A160, data driver A154, scanner driver A152, lamp driver A168, a power controller A153, and showing four lamp A157a-d, these four lamps play the light source of MEMS display board A12 under independently controlling.Lamp A157a-d has different color (red, green, blue and white), for coloured image/video and monochrome image/video are provided.The A157a-d of lamp shown in figure is element separately, yet normally the housing of these lamps and this display board is combined into integral body.MEMS display controller A150 can be comprised of programmable logic element such as FPGA and discrete circuit component.In one embodiment, controller A156 is a FPGA device, and this FPGA device is programmed to realize power controller A153, display interface A158, frame buffer A159 and sequencer/timing controlled A160.Scanner driver A152, data driver A154 and lamp driver A168 can be discrete circuit blocks, such as custom layout, commercially available driver and/or discrete transistor.
The plurality of scanner driver A152 (also referred to as " writing the voltage source of energizing ") and a plurality of data driver A154 (also referred to as " data voltage source ") are electrically connected to the gating matrix of display A12.Scanner driver A152 interconnects to sweep trace, such as the interconnection of the sweep trace shown in Figure 24 A A506, applies and writes the voltage of energizing.Data driver A154 applies data voltage to data interconnect A508.In some embodiments of this MEMS display controller, data driver A154 is arranged to shutter assembly analog data voltage is provided, especially in the time will obtaining the gray scale of image in a kind of mode of simulation.In analog operation, shutter assembly A616 is designed so that, when applying the voltage between two parties of a scope by data interconnect A508, in this shutter, cause the open mode between two parties of a scope, and therefore in this image, cause illumination condition between two parties or the gray scale of a scope.
Other in the situation that, data driver A154 is arranged to 2,3 or 4 digital voltage levels that only apply a reduction group to this gating matrix.These voltage levels are designed to, and with each in these shutters of digital mode, are set to an open mode or a closed condition or a state between two parties.
Scanner driver A152 and data driver A154 are connected to digitial controller circuit A156 (also referred to as " controller A156 ").This controller comprises a display interface A158, and this display interface is processed into a kind of space addressing of display A12 and digital image format of gray scale capacity and operator scheme of being suitable for the picture signal of input.The location of pixels of each image and gradation data are stored in a frame buffer A159, thereby can as required feeds of data be gone out to data driver A154.These data are sent to data driver A154 with serial or parallel transmission, by organize by row with by the predetermined sequence of picture frame grouping.Data driver A154 can comprise serial-to-parallel data converter, level translator, and comprises digital-to-analogue electric pressure converter for some application.
Be used for the All Drives (for example scanner driver A152, data driver A154, start driver A153 and overall start driver A155 (not shown)) of different Presentation Functions by a timing controlled A160 time synchronized of controller A156.Timer command coordinate red, green, blue and white lamp A157a-d independently, dependent or synchronous illumination, and by lamp driver A168, coordinate this pel array particular row write energize and order, voltage from the output of the output of data driver A154 and the voltage of regulation shutter start.
Controller A156 can comprise the programmed logic of realizing a coloured image generator, and this coloured image generator determines that each shutter in array can suitably be re-set as sequencing schemes or the addressing scheme of a new images.Can new image be set with the periodic time interval.For example, for video, show, with the frequency within the scope of 10 to 1000 hertz, refresh coloured image or the frame of this video, but can change this frequency according to application.In some embodiments, the setting of the picture frame illumination backlight with synchronizeed, and makes the picture frame of using color alternately such as red, green, blue and white series illumination to replace.The picture frame of each respective color is called a color sub-frame.This FPGA can have the programmed logic of realizing an optical controller, for carrying out the sequential energisation of LED.In being called this method of field sequence mixed-color method, if with surpass the frequency of 20Hz and preferably the frequency of 180Hz replace these color sub-frame, user can feel the two field picture that this replaces average effect and see an image with wide and continuous color gamut.The duration of this color sub-frame can change according to application, and can control image parameter by changing the length of this frame time, such as brightness, color saturation and color depth, also can control used power.For example, the power that controller A156 can regulate the color depth of shown image to use to control this display, is chosen as color depth with this shown image modification simultaneously.In a mobile phone application, controller A156 can identify one and be input to picture signal controller A156, that represent text.For example, when user uses keyboard interface, programmed logic can judge that a telephone number is just being transfused to and will be shown as image.Under this state, controller A156 enters a monochromatic mode of operation.Controller A156 starts this driver to impel shutter to show the monochrome image of this telephone number and with a low frequency or equilibrium mode exciting light source, because do not require a plurality of picture formats that replace of different colours parts traversal under monochromatic mode.This has reduced power use, avoided driving shutter with alternate images form this respect power hungry, and avoided with switching rate or driving LED regularly frame by frame, and with switching rate or frame by frame regularly driving LED be to use power.When possible, can adapt to a kind of similar mode of operation by reducing color depth, thereby reduce demand motive shutter to form the number of times of image alternately, and allow longer time frame for driving this LED.Coloured image occurs to be undertaken by controller A156, or independent logical unit can be used for to this coloured image generator, and the two all within the scope of the invention.
In an alternative alternate embodiment, MEMS display A12 comprises at least one color filter layer, and typically this color filter layer is placed in the path by the light of one group of corresponding shutter modulation color filter.So this MEMS display can have a color filter layer, for example in the color filter layer shown in Figure 25 B, this illustrates a color filter layer being arranged between cover plate A602 and shutter A616.Particularly, this color filter layer is integrated in a red light filter part A617a is provided in black matrix A608 and above shutter assembly A616a, a blue light filter part A617b is provided above shutter assembly A616b, and a green light filter part A617c is provided above shutter assembly A616c.These three shutter assembly A616a-A616c can be operated dividually by MEMS display controller A70, and form a coordinated movement of various economic factors process of setting up image above these three shutter assembly A616a-c, and each color component of this image is used a shutter.These three shutter assemblies work to provide a pixel of this display together.So MEMS display controller A70 can produce a red image, a blue images and a green image, each in them is stored in frame buffer A159 and is sent to scanner driver A152 and data driver A154.In this embodiment, only need white lamp A157d, and color is produced by this color filter layer.In other embodiments, can use other light filter color and light filter to arrange.
If this display device is designed to numeral between the state of opening and the state of closing, switch shutter, controller A156 can control the time interval between addressing order and/or picture frame, to produce the image with suitable gray scale.The processing that produces variable gray level by controlling time quantum that a shutter opens in a specific frame is called time-division gray scale.In an embodiment of time-division gray scale, the illumination that controller A156 wishes according to respective pixel or gray scale, determine the time period or the time portion that allow a shutter in each frame, to remain in open mode.In another embodiment of time-division gray scale, according to the illumination that is suitable for 4 scale-of-two gray scales, frame time is divided into for example 15 equal subframes of duration.Then controller A156 by one clearly image be arranged in each of these 15 subframes.The brighter pixel of this image maintains open mode the most of these 15 subframes or all, and darker pixel is only arranged on open mode in a part for these subframes.In another embodiment of time-division gray scale, controller circuitry A156 changes the duration of a series of subframes pro rata with representing the position level importance of one of illumination value coding gray scale word.In other words, can change according to scale-of-two series 1,2,4,8... the duration of these subframes.Then, according to place value in the binary word of the predetermined gray scale of corresponding each pixel, a corresponding position, the state that in a specific subframe, the shutter A108 of this pixel is made as or is opened or the state of closing.
A plurality of hybrid technologies can be used for forming gray scale, and these technology are controlled time division technique described above to combine with the independence of use or a plurality of shutters of every pixel or backlight intensity.These technology will further illustrate hereinafter.
In an implementation, addressing gating matrix, provides control information to pel array, by each line of addressing sequentially, completes, and these lines are sometimes referred to as sweep trace or the row of this matrix.By interconnection that writing of a given sweep trace energized, applied Vwe and optionally the data interconnect A508 of each row is applied to data voltage pulse Vd, this gating matrix can be controlled this motion of being write each shutter in the row of having energized.By the every row pixel in MEMS display A12, repeat these steps, this gating matrix can complete the setting to the movement instruction of each pixel in MEMS display A12.
In an alternative alternative implementation, for example this gating matrix is energized to interconnect to writing of multirow pixel simultaneously and is applied Vwe, to utilize the similarity between the movement instruction of the pixel in the pixel of different rows, thereby reduce to all pixels in MEMS display A12, provide movement instruction required time quantum.In another alternative alternative implementation, with a kind of order of non-order, for example, with a kind of pseudorandom order, the row described in addressing, so that the visual artifacts producing is sometimes minimized, is particularly combined with the time-division of a coding during gray scale.
In alternative alternate embodiment, this pel array and control comprises into the gating matrix of these pixels in this array and can arrange by the configuration that is different from the row and column of rectangle.For example this pixel can be arranged as the segment displays shown in Figure 31 B by hexagonal arrayed or by the row and column of curve.Generally, term sweep trace, when using in this article, will refer to any a plurality of pixels of writing the interconnection of energizing of sharing.
Gating matrix and method of operating thereof
Figure 24 A is the conceptual scheme being suitable for being included in display board A12 for a gating matrix A500 of a pel array of addressing.Figure 24 B is the isometric view of a part that comprises a pel array of gating matrix A500.Each pixel A 501 comprises an elasticity shutter assembly A502 who is controlled by an actuator A503.
Gating matrix A500 is manufactured into the circuit lip-deep, diffusion or thin film deposition that is located thereon the substrate A504 that forms this shutter assembly A502.For the every row pixel A 501 in gating matrix A500, gating matrix A500 comprises a sweep trace interconnection A506, and for the every row pixel A 501 in gating matrix A500, gating matrix A500 comprises a data interconnect A508.Each sweep trace interconnection A506 is a pixel A 501 of writing in the pixel A 501 that the voltage source A507 that energizes is electrically connected to a corresponding row.Each data interconnect A508 is electrically connected to a data voltage source (" Vd source ") A509 the pixel A 501 in the pixel of a respective column.In gating matrix A500, data voltage Vd provides the major part of the needed energy of start.Thereby this data voltage source A509 also plays a start voltage source.In an alternative alternate embodiment, this start voltage, Vd, can be a common interconnect that is connected to the unit of this display.
For each pixel A 501 or each shutter assembly in this array, gating matrix A500 comprises a transistor A510 and an optional capacitor A512.Each transistorized grid is electrically connected to the sweep trace interconnection A506 of the row at pixel A 501 places in this array.The source electrode of each transistor A510 is electrically connected to its corresponding data interconnect A508.Shutter assembly A502 comprises an actuator with two electrodes.These two electrodes have different significantly electric capacity with respect to surroundings.This transistor is connected to data interconnect A508 at the actuator electrode with lower electric capacity.More specifically, the drain electrode of each transistor A510 and an electrode of corresponding capacitor A512 are electrically connected to and are connected to the lower capacitance electrode of this actuator in parallel.Another electrode of capacitor A512 and the higher capacitance electrode of the actuator in shutter assembly A502 are connected to a common potential or earth potential.At work, in order to form an image, MEMS controller A70 drives gating matrix A500 sequentially to write each row of energizing in this array by applying voltage Vwe to each sweep trace interconnection A506 successively.For a quilt, write the row of having energized, the grid of the transistor A510 of the pixel A 501 in this row is applied to Vwe and make electric current flow through transistor through data interconnect A508, with the actuator to shutter assembly A502, apply a current potential.When writing this row of energizing, data voltage Vd is optionally applied on data interconnect A508.In the implementation of analog gray scale is provided, the data voltage that puts on each data interconnect A508 be positioned at this desirable brightness of being write the pixel A 501 of the sweep trace interconnection A506 that energizes and the point of crossing of this data interconnect A508 locating and change explicitly.In the implementation of digital control scheme is provided, this data voltage is selected as or the relative voltage of low amplitude (voltage) closely or meet or exceed Vat (start threshold voltage).In response to a data interconnect A508 is applied to voltage Vat, the actuator start in corresponding shutter assembly A502, opens the shutter in this shutter assembly A502.Even if putting on the voltage of this data interconnect A508 stops being also still stored in the capacitor A512 of this pixel after a row applies voltage Vwe at gating matrix A500.Therefore the time that, does not need wait and keep the voltage Vwe on a row to be enough to start to shutter assembly A502 for a long time; Such start can start to carry out removing from this row this writes the voltage of energizing.Till voltage in capacitor A510 in a row is substantially stored in always and writes whole frame of video, and till being stored in some implementations always this row being write to new data.
Gating matrix A500 can be by being used the procedure of processing of following order to manufacture:
First, on a substrate A504, forming an aperture layer A550, if substrate A504 is opaque, is for example silicon, substrate A504 serves as aperture layer A550, and the array in the hole by a passing through substrate A504 of etching forms hole, aperture A554 in substrate A504.If substrate A504 is transparent, be for example glass, by depositing a light blocking layer and this light blocking layer is etched into a hole array on substrate A504, form aperture layer A550.Hole, aperture A554 can be substantially circular, oval-shaped, polygonal, spiral or irregular in shape.If this light blocking layer is also used a kind of reflecting material manufacture, for example, with a kind of metal manufacture, aperture layer A550 can be used as a mirror surface, and this mirror surface is recycled to set up backlight upper non-transmissive light, to improve optical efficiency.Be applicable to provide the reflecting metallic film that light reclaims to form with a plurality of vapour deposition methods, described vapour deposition method comprises sputter, evaporation, ion plating, laser ablation or chemical vapor deposition.Can comprise, yet be not limited to for the metal of this reflective application Al, Cr, Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Ta, Ti, Nd, Nb, Si, Mo, Rh and/or its alloy.Thickness in 30nm to 1000nm scope is enough.
The second, in the mode of coating, on the top of aperture layer metal A 550, deposit a metal intermetallic dielectric layer.
The 3rd, deposition and first conductive layer of composition on this substrate.This conductive layer can be patterned into the conductive trace of sweep trace interconnection A506.Any above metal of enumerating, or the conductive oxide such as tin indium oxide can have enough low resistivity to this application.A part of sweep trace interconnection A506 in each pixel is arranged as to the grid that forms a transistor A510.
The 4th, in the mode of coating, on the top of this ground floor conductive interconnection of that part that comprises the grid that forms transistor A510, deposit another metal intermetallic dielectric layer.The intermetallic dielectric that is enough to be used in this object comprises SiO2, Si3O4 and Al2O3, and thickness is in the scope of 30nm to 1000nm.
The 5th, an amorphous silicon layer is deposited on the top of this intermetallic dielectric, then patterned to form source electrode, drain electrode and the channel region of a thin film transistor active layer.Alternatively, this semiconductor material can be polysilicon.
The 6th, deposition and second conductive layer of composition on the top of this amorphous silicon.This conductive layer can be patterned into the conductive trace of data interconnect A508.Can use above identical metal and/or the conductive oxide of enumerating.The different piece of this second conductive layer can also be used to form and be connected to the source electrode of transistor A510 and the contact element of drain region.
Capacitor arrangement such as capacitor A512 may be constructed such the pole plate forming in this first and second conductive layer of the dielectric material with between two parties.
The 7th, on the top of this second conductive layer, deposit a passivation dielectric.
The 8th, on the top of this passivation layer, deposit one and sacrifice mechanical layer.Offer through hole and make it enter into this sacrifice layer and this passivation layer, follow-up MEMS shutter layer can be electrically contacted with conductive layer below and mechanical connection.
The 9th, deposition and MEMS shutter layer of composition on the top of this sacrifice layer.This MEMS shutter layer is patterned to has shutter A502 and actuator A503, and anchors on substrate A504 by the patterned through hole entering in this sacrifice layer.The pattern of shutter A502 is aimed at the pattern that has been formed on hole, the aperture A554 in the first aperture layer A550.This MEMS shutter layer can consist of the metal of a deposition such as Au, Cr or Ni, or consists of a kind of semiconductor of deposition such as polysilicon or amorphous silicon, and thickness is in the scope of 300 nanometers to 10 micron.Alternatively, this shutter can be one and is included in two other compound shutters of the layer layer that for example a kind of metal between two amorphous silicon layers forms.
The tenth, remove parts that this sacrifice layer makes this MEMS shutter layer and can respond the voltage being applied on actuator A503 and freely move.
The 11, the sidewall of actuator A503 electrode coated with a kind of dielectric material to prevent with short circuit between the electrode of contrary voltage.
To above method, can there be many variants.For example, the reflection aperture layer A550 of step 1 can be incorporated in this first conductive layer.Gap is patterned to be entered in this conductive layer to stipulate the conductive trace in this layer, and most of pixel region still covers by a kind of reflective metals.In another embodiment, the source electrode of transistor A510 and drain terminal can be placed on this first conductive layer, and gate terminal is formed in this second conductive layer.In another embodiment, this semiconductor amorphous silicon or polysilicon are directly placed in each below of this first and second conductive layer.In this embodiment, through hole can be patterned enters in this intermetallic dielectric, makes to form the metal contact element that is connected to semiconductor layer below.And device described herein can utilize a plurality of different gating matrix work that comprises active and/or passive matrix.
As illustrated with reference to Figure 24 B, be included in actuator in this shutter assembly and can be designed to mechanical bistable.Alternatively, this actuator can be designed to only have a settling position.In other words,, in the situation that do not apply being used as power of certain form, such actuator is returned to a preposition, or opens, or closes.In such realization, this shutter assembly comprises a single moving electrode of doing, and this makes moving electrode when energising, causes that this actuator releases or pull out its settling position this shutter.MEMS display controller A70 can drive each shutter severally, group by group or at large.So, in one embodiment, MEMS display controller A70 comprises the programmed logic that an isochronous controller is provided, and this isochronous controller produces a synchronizing pulse so that all shutters in display or at least one group of shutter are moved to a condition of choosing or state.A timer of realizing in FPGA can be set fixed time interval, for driving this synchronizing pulse, and for driving other fixed cycle operators, for example, but be not limited to, for the time frame of field-sequential colorful operation, this can produce for driving the signal of lamp and shutter.In addition, this FPGA timer can monitor user ' input media, with from user, start after an input media, passed through one predetermined time interval for example 30 seconds time, change show state, change to typically a kind of lower power state.Display board
Figure 25 A is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of of the portable handset that is applicable to illustrate the herein light modulation panel A600 based on shutter.Display board A600 comprises that one is placed in the optics cavity under optical modulation layer A618, light source A612, an optical modulation layer A618 and a cover plate A602.This optics cavity comprises the rear reflective surface A614 of a rearward reflecting surface of the face in optical modulator array A618, a photoconduction A628, a face forward, a scatterer A624 and a brightness enhancement film A622.
Space between optical modulator array A618 and cover plate A602 is filled with a kind of lubricant A632.A kind of epoxy resin A625 for cover plate A602, for example by Epoxy Technology, the EPO-TEK B9021-1 that Inc. (epoxy technologies company) sells, admittedly be attached on shutter assembly.This epoxy resin also plays a part to seal in lubricant A624.
A sheet metal or molded plastic assembly support A626 keep together cover plate A602, optical modulation layer A618 and this optics cavity around edge.Assembly support A626 is fastening to increase the rigidity of the device of this combination with screw or wedge joint sheet (indent tab).In some implementations, by a kind of epoxy perfusion compound, light source A612 is formed in place.
Display board A600 can settle in a housing, typically against one or more plate supporting member in this housing, settles this plastic assembly support.In one embodiment, this plate supporting member can be one and is processed to required size with the molded plastics sidewall of the periphery edge of supporting display board A600.Flexible packing ring can be placed on this molded sidewall so that shock protection to be provided, and this plate can bond on this packing ring.
Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view according to an exemplary of the present invention spatial light modulator A700 based on shutter.Spatial light modulator A700 based on shutter comprises an optical modulator array A702, an optics cavity A704 and a light source A706.In addition, this spatial light modulator comprises a cover plate A708.
Cover plate A708 plays several effects, comprises that protection optical modulator array A702 avoids machinery and environmental damage.Cover plate A708 is a kind of thin transparent plastic, such as polycarbonate, or glass sheet.This cover plate can apply and composition with light absorbing material, and this light absorbing material is also referred to as black matrix A710.This black matrix can be deposited as a kind of thick film acrylic resin or vinylite that contains light absorption colorant on this cover plate.Alternatively, can provide an independent layer.
Black matrix A710 absorbs all incident surround lighting A712 substantially, this surround lighting is the light coming from outside spatial light modulator A700, near beholder, but approach fully in the transmitance region A716 be formed in optics cavity A704 transmitance region A714 that arrange, patterned except.Therefore black matrix A710 improves the contrast of the image being formed by spatial light modulator A700.Black matrix A710 can also play a part to absorb the light of overflowing from optics cavity A704, and the light of this effusion may send with a kind of mode of leakage or the mode of Time Continuous.
In an implementation, on cover plate A708, deposit the chromatic filter of acrylic resin for example or vinylite form.This light filter can deposit with the similar mode of mode that is used to form black matrix A710 with a kind of, yet different, this light filter is patterned at the top of opening aperture light transmission area A176 of this optics cavity A704.This resin can alternately adulterate red, green, blue colorant or other colorants.
Interval between optical modulator array A702 and cover plate A708 is less than 100 microns, and may diminish to 10 microns or following.Except in some cases in predetermined point, optical modulator array A702 does not preferably contact with cover plate A708, because the work that this may stray light modulation array A702.This interval can keep by means of the spacing part limiting with planography way or the post of high 2 to 20 microns, this spacing part or post are placed between each suitable modulator of light modulator arrays A702, or the sheet metal spacing part that this interval can be inserted by the edge of the device around this combination keeps.
Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view according to an exemplary of the present invention spatial light modulator A800 based on shutter.Spatial light modulator A800 based on shutter comprises an optics cavity A802, a light source A804 and an optical modulation layer A806.In addition, should comprise a cover plate A807 by the spatial light modulator A804 based on shutter, the cover plate A708 for example illustrating with reference to Figure 26.
In the spatial light modulator A800 based on shutter, optics cavity A802 comprises the rearward part of face of a photoconduction A808 and optical modulator array A806.Optical modulator array A806 is formed on its oneself substrate A810.Photoconduction A808 and substrate A810 both respectively have front side and rear side.Optical modulator array A806 is formed on the front side of substrate A810.Second rear reflective surface A812 metal level form, face forward is deposited on the rear side of photoconduction A808 to form the second reflecting surface of optics cavity A802.Alternatively, optics cavity A802 comprises the 3rd surface that is positioned at after photoconduction A808 and substantially faces the rear side of this photoconduction.In more such implementations, the rear reflective surface A812 of face forward is deposited on the 3rd surface in the face of the place ahead of spatial light modulator A800, rather than Direct precipitation is on the rear side of photoconduction A808.Photoconduction A808 comprise a plurality of with a kind of predetermined pattern be distributed in photoconduction A808 towards the light-scattering component A809 on rear side, to produce light distributing more uniformly in whole this optics cavity.
In an implementation, keep photoconduction A808 and the mutual close contact of substrate A810.They preferably form with the material with similar refractive index, thereby avoid reflecting in its interface.In another implementation, little separate or spacing device keeps photoconduction A808 and substrate A810 to separate a predetermined distance, thereby photoconduction A808 and substrate A810 mutually from light decoupling each other.This photoconduction A808 and substrate A810 be spaced apart causes an air gap A813 who is formed between photoconduction A808 and substrate A810.This air gap promotes in photoconduction A808 inside in the lip-deep total internal reflection of its face forward, thereby causes that at one of light-scattering component A809 light A814 was promoted light A814 in the distribution of this photoconduction inside before the guiding of light modulator arrays A806 shutter assembly.Alternatively, the gap between photoconduction A808 and substrate A810 can be with a kind of vacuum, one or more gas of choosing or liquid fillings.
Figure 28 illustrates one embodiment of the invention, and wherein this portable handset comprises a media player, and this media player has one and is positioned at this media player and can be to the display of user's present graphical information and text message.More specifically, the embodiment of Figure 28 illustrates a MP3 player that is generally used for listening the type that is stored in the music in Digital Media.In the embodiment illustrated, this housing is suitable for being placed in user's hand or is clipped on user's clothes so that can carry this device without hand.This user interface comprises the button on a plurality of outsides that are positioned at this housing and this display board.MP3 player shown in Figure 28 can comprise one with the similar display controller of the display controller shown in Figure 23.This display controller can have and can reduce for show the mode of operation of the power draw amount of image on this display, thereby extends the serviceable life of machine power source.
Figure 29 illustrates the another kind application of the system and method for explanation herein.Particularly, Figure 29 illustrates a smart phone portable handset A1000, and this smart phone portable handset has a housing A1008, a display board A1002 and a user interface that is depicted as keyboard A1004.Smart phone portable handset A1000 comprises a MEMS display board that can be more or less the same with the MEMS display board of explanation above, and a MEMS display controller that the controller that can illustrate with the device A10 above with reference to shown in Figure 20 is more or less the same.Alternatively, this MEMS display controller of system A1000 can comprise an optional power retained-mode, and wherein the power controller A153 of MEMS display controller A150 determines that power supply is just operating in low-level or is being reduced to below a predetermined threshold value.Under a kind of like this mode of operation that can be selected alternatively by user, MEMS display controller A150, with a kind of low-power mode work, thinks that the major function of intelligent telephone equipment A1000 is preserved electric power, and this major function is cellular communication typically.For this purpose, MEMS display controller A150 can be shown as monochromatic static spacing wave (static still signal), the typically static spacing wave of black and white picture signal on display A1002.In this way, this display controller will exit field-sequential colorful operation, and use white LEDs A157d illuminated displays A1002.Power controller A153 can regulate the amplitude that drives white LEDs A157b, selects one of a kind of use be enough to throw light on constant DC voltage of this display to drive the low-power working mode of white LEDs A157d.Commercially available white LEDs device is worked in the scope of 10 to 30 milliwatts, and the minimum extracted amount from power supply A76 is provided.
Shown smart phone can also have one as the touch-screen illustrating above.This touch-screen is the commercially available touch-screen being placed on MEMS display board or at least a portion of this display board.In this embodiment, the cover plate of this MEMS display board can have selected the thickness pointing with one user or prevent the inside deflection of this display board downwards when stylus presses.This thickness can be according to material and difference, and can be in the scope of 2mm to 500mm.In addition, a supporting member, such as post A640, can be placed between movable shutter and this cover plate to keep this cover plate and this shutter spaced apart.Optional fluid lubricant also provides a kind of hydraulic support, and this hydraulic support reduces this cover plate towards the inside deflection of this movable shutter.This MEMS display board can be avoided the ripple effect that this touch-sensitive lcd screen suffers and better resolution is provided in data input process.
Forward now Figure 30 to, another optional embodiment of the present invention shown in figure.Particularly, the application of e-book is shown, at this electronic book device shown in Figure 30 A in a position of closing, and at this electronic book device shown in Figure 30 B in a position of opening.An electronic book device is usually understood on a display, to a user, to show a kind of electronic display unit of the text by reading a kind of digital media device of storing text, and the text can be novel, newspaper or other information.In the embodiment shown in Figure 30 A and 30B, e-book A1100 comprises a housing A1102, and this housing has a hinge A1106 so that half of this housing can this housing the second half on close.As shown in further in Figure 30 B, e-book A1100 can have a first plate A1104 and a second plate A1108.A keyboard A1110 can provide a series of user input apparatus, and user can use this input media to handle which image and appear on screen A1104 or A1108.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 30 A and Figure 30 B, this e-book portable handset can have a MEMS display board being more or less the same with MEMS display board discussed above, and can have one with the MEMS display controller being more or less the same at MEMS display controller described above equally.E-book A1100 is typically with a kind of monochromatic mode work, and under this monochromatic mode, this MEMS display controller uses a white LEDs to drive the static black white image of text message.In certain embodiments, coloured image, such as the front cover of a book or an image in this book, can be used as the part that is stored in the content in this Digital Media is shown to user, and in these cases, this MEMS display controller can use field-sequential colorful generation technique, and for example those field-sequential colorful generation techniques discussed above, produce a coloured image in any in display board A1104 and A1108.This MEMS display controller can have a kind of monochromatic mode of operation, the static rest image of browsing by user's interface arrangement A1110 for generation of user.This MEMS display controller can have a kind of monochromatic mode of operation of moving by controller A156, and its synthetic image in frame buffer supplies to show.This MEMS display controller can be arranged to the shutter of this MEMS device to be suitable for to describe the configuration of the text message that will show to user.Alternatively, this mode of operation can adopt black and white to set, or adopt the monochrome of certain other use low-power LED such as white LEDs to set, this white LEDs is driven by a steady state voltage, or drive with a light source that is enough to manifest the relatively low frequency switching of figure still image by one.
Figure 31 A and 31B illustrate another embodiment of illustrated portable handset herein.Particularly, Figure 31 A illustrates a wrist-watch A1200, and this wrist-watch has a watchband A1202, and the main body of this watchband handle Table A 1200 is attached on user's arm.Wrist-watch A1200 comprises a housing A1204, and this housing comprises a display board A1208.This display board is a MEMS display board that can be more or less the same with illustrated above MEMS display board.This MEMS display board is in the scope of a Wristwatch case, and this Wristwatch case has a kind of being suitable for this wrist-watch is worn to the shape factor in user's wrist.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 31 A, MEMS display board A1208 can comprise the display section of a segmentation, for example the display section of previously discussed segmentation.Particularly, display board A1208 can be formed or be comprised that this display board, this display board have a display board with the part of a segmentation by a display board, and the part of this segmentation is for example in the part of the segmentation shown in Figure 31 B.Figure 31 B illustrates an a kind of example of display of segmentation, and the display of this segmentation comprises seven sections that are arranged to a 8-shaped shape.Each in these sections can comprise that a plurality of and comprising of explanation above can light modulated can transverse movement the shutter assembly that is more or less the same of those shutter assemblies of shutter.Therefore each in these sections has one group of shutter assembly, and this group shutter assembly links together with wire, respond packet is together contained in to the order that the MEMS display controller in wrist-watch A1200 sends.Shown section can be formed on a glass substrate, and this glass substrate is arranged in the top of a light source alternatively.Yet in the embodiment shown in Figure 31 B, this light source can be a front light-source, or alternatively, this display can be can reflect for carrying out reflective display, the shutter that this can transverse movement can reflect, or can above a reflecting surface, slide.No matter be which kind of mode, this laterally fast goalkeeper's light modulated make state that the correspondent section in this seven-segment display can be suitably located at out or the state of pass.As previously discussed, these sections can be monochromatic or can be colored, so this MEMS section display controller can use field-sequential colorful to control, or can be by chromatic filter for this display, also as discussed above.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 31 B, the display of this segmentation is shown as an independently display.Yet in an alternative alternate embodiment of the present invention, the display of the segmentation of Figure 31 B can be by one of display of a plurality of segmentations of straight line, thereby can on the display of the plurality of segmentation, show date, time or other information.In addition, the display of this segmentation can be formed on one also comprise one can transverse movement the substrate of matrix of shutter on, thereby the display of the display section of a not only integrated segmentation on it but also the display section of an integrated pixelation is provided.For example, in this wrist-watch application, wrist-watch A1200 can have one, and for the top of the display of pixelation, the display of this pixelation allows to represent an image, for example dial plate, compass or other images.Below the matrix of this pixelation, can there is the display of this segmentation---the display of this segmentation can be for representing reading of time, date, stopwatch function, can also be useful on the display section of the segmentation that represents icon, whether described icon for example arranges warnings, time is the morning or afternoon and indication date---such as represent Wednesday with WE.
For this purpose, this MEMS display controller can comprise a kind of section display driver that can drive the display of a segmentation under the programmed control of this controller.
Figure 32 illustrates one and has a media player with the display board that is more or less the same of MEMS display board of explanation above.Figure 33 illustrates one and has an also GNSS receiver for the display board similar to the display board of discussing above.Figure 34 illustrates a kneetop computer with a display board being also more or less the same with the display board of discussing above.This kneetop computer can adopt MEMS display controller to have in response to the environment light condition by an illumination level detectors measure and in response to user's control and power level and preserve the power mode of power.For example, illustrated system and method can detect available power or user's input herein, to preserve power, and mode of operation is changed into a kind of monochromatic mode, or select one one group of limited color the bit depth of saving power are provided, for example 4 colors.
The present invention can not depart from essence of the present invention or essential characteristic with other specific form embodiments.For example, Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate alternative alternate embodiment of MEMS display board.
Figure 35 is a cross-sectional view that comprises the display module A1600 of shutter assembly A1602.Shutter assembly A1602 is arranged on a glass substrate A1604.One is arranged in the surface apertures A1608 that reflectance coating A1606 on substrate A1604 limits the off-position below of a plurality of shutter A1610 that are positioned at shutter assembly A1602.Reflectance coating A1606 is through the light of surface apertures A1608, the rear reflection to display module A1600 does not return.An optional scatterer A1612 and an optional brightness enhancement film A1614 can separate this substrate A1604 and an A1 616 backlight.A1616 backlight is thrown light on by one or more light source A1618.Light source 1618 can be to be still not limited to, for example incandescent lamp, fluorescent light, laser or light emitting diode.A reflectance coating A1620 is arranged in after A1616 backlight, to shutter assembly A1602 reflected light.From this returning through light of one of this shutter assembly A1602 of sending backlight, this will be backlight and from film A1620, reflect again.In this way, for the first time by time could not make display form an image light can be recovered and make this light to can be used for other aperture transmissions of opening in this array of shutter assembly A1602.The fact shows that such light reclaims the illumination efficiency that has improved display.Before a cover plate A1622 formation display module A1600.The rear side of cover plate A1622 can be coated with a kind of black matrix A1624 to improve contrast.Cover plate A1622 is supported to such an extent that separate a predetermined distance with shutter assembly A1602, forms a gap A1626.This gap A1626 is kept by mechanical bearings and/or a kind of epoxy sealing part A1628 that cover plate A1622 is attached on substrate A1604 admittedly.Epoxy resin A1628 should have the solidification temperature that is preferably lower than approximately 200 ℃, and should have and be preferably lower than the approximately thermal expansivity of every degree Celsius of 50ppm, and should be moisture-proof.An example of epoxy resin A1628 is by Epoxy Technology, the EPO-TEK B9016-1 that Inc. sells.
Epoxy sealing part A1628 is sealed in a kind of working fluid A1630.Working fluid A1630 is designed to have and is preferably lower than the viscosity of approximately 10 centipoises and has preferably higher than approximately 2.0 relative dielectric constant and higher than approximately 10
4the dielectric breakdown strength of V/cm.Working fluid A1630 also plays a kind of lubricant.Its mechanical property and electrical specification are also effective to being reduced between the position of opening and closing the needed voltage of motion shutter.In an implementation, working fluid A1630 preferably has a low refractive index, preferably lower than approximately 1.5.In another implementation, working fluid A1630 has the refractive index that the refractive index with substrate A1604 matches.Applicable working fluid A1630 includes, but are not limited to, deionized water, methyl alcohol, ethanol, silicone oil, fluorinated silicone oil, dimethyl siloxane, dimethyl silicone polymer, hexamethyldisiloxane and diethylbenzene.
A sheet metal or molded plastic assembly support A1632 keep together cover plate A1622, shutter assembly A1602, substrate 1604, A1616 backlight and other parts around edge.Assembly support A1632 is fastening to increase the rigidity of the display module A1600 of combination with screw or joggle sheet.In some implementations, with a kind of epoxy perfusion compound, light source A1618 is molded in place.
Figure 36 is a cross-sectional view that comprises the display module A1700 of shutter assembly A1702.Shutter assembly A1702 is arranged on a glass substrate A1704.
Display module A1700 comprises that one by the A1766 backlight of one or more light source A1718 illumination.Light source A1718 can be to be still not limited to, for example incandescent lamp, fluorescent light, laser or light emitting diode.A reflectance coating A1720 is arranged in after A1716 backlight, to shutter assembly A1702 reflected light.
The orientation of substrate A1704 is such, makes shutter assembly A1702 backlight towards this.
Being inserted in has an optional scatterer A1712 and an optional brightness enhancement film A1714 between A1716 backlight and shutter assembly A1702.Be inserted in the aperture plate A1722 that also has between A1716 backlight and shutter assembly A1702.Be arranged in aperture plate A1722 upper and be a reflectance coating A1724 in the face of this shutter assembly.This reflectance coating A1724 limits the surface apertures A1708 of the off-position below of a plurality of shutter A1710 that are positioned at shutter assembly A1702.Aperture plate A1722 is supported to such an extent that separate a predetermined distance with shutter assembly A1702, forms a gap A1726.Gap A1726 is kept by mechanical bearings and/or a kind of epoxy sealing part A1728 that aperture plate A1722 is attached on substrate A1704 admittedly.
Reflectance coating A1724 is through the light of surface apertures A1708, the rear reflection to display module A1700 does not go back.From this returning through light of one of this shutter assembly A1702 of sending backlight, this will be backlight and from film A1720, reflect again.In this way, for the first time by time could not make display form an image light can be recovered and make this light to can be used for other aperture transmissions of opening in this array of shutter assembly A1702.The fact shows that such light reclaims the illumination efficiency that has improved display.
Before substrate A1704 formation display module A1700.An absorbing film A1706 who is arranged on substrate A1704 limits a plurality of surface apertures A1730 between shutter assembly A1702 and substrate A1704.Film 1706 is designed to absorbing environmental light and therefore improves the contrast of display.
Epoxy resin A1728 should have the solidification temperature that is preferably lower than approximately 200 ℃, and should have and be preferably lower than the approximately thermal expansivity of every degree Celsius of 50ppm, and should be moisture-proof.An example of epoxy resin A1728 is by Epoxy Technology, the EPO-TEK B9022-1 that Inc. sells.
Epoxy sealing part A1728 is sealed in a kind of working fluid A1732.Working fluid A1732 is designed to have and is preferably lower than the viscosity of approximately 10 centipoises and has preferably higher than approximately 2.0 relative dielectric constant and higher than approximately 10
4the dielectric breakdown strength of V/cm.Working fluid A1732 can also play a kind of lubricant.Its mechanical property and electrical specification are also effective to being reduced between the position of opening and closing the needed voltage of motion shutter.In one implementation, working fluid A1732 preferably has a low refractive index, preferably lower than approximately 1.5.In another is realized, working fluid A1732 has the refractive index that the refractive index with substrate A1704 matches.Applicable working fluid A1730 includes, but are not limited to, deionized water, methyl alcohol, ethanol, silicone oil, fluorinated silicone oil, dimethyl siloxane, dimethyl silicone polymer, hexamethyldisiloxane and diethylbenzene.
A sheet metal or molded plastic assembly support A1734 keep together aperture plate A1722, shutter assembly A1702, substrate 1704, A1716 backlight and other parts around edge.Assembly support A1732 is fastening to increase the rigidity of the display module A1700 of combination with screw or joggle sheet.In some implementations, with a kind of epoxy perfusion compound, light source A1718 is molded in place.
Therefore, these embodiments above all should be considered to illustrate of the present invention in all respects, rather than limit of the present invention.The present invention can not depart from essence of the present invention or essential characteristic by other specific form embodiments.Therefore, embodiment above all should be considered to illustrate of the present invention in all respects, rather than limits of the present invention.
Claims (23)
1. a portable handset, comprising:
A housing,
One in this housing and have a display board of an optical modulation layer, this optical modulation layer has a plurality of shutters that can transverse movement, can be by corresponding shutter laterally being moved through to the path light modulated of a line of light propagating, a corresponding pixel is arranged to one, open state or an off status
A gating matrix that is connected to this display board, for provide can transverse movement to this shutter accordingly can transverse movement the control of shutter, with the described shutter that can transverse movement that moves, with light modulated,
A power supply, this power supply is placed in this housing and is connected to a light source and this gating matrix, and this light source is placed in this optical modulation layer below, and
A power controller, this power controller is connected to described power supply, and has a plurality of mode of operations for optionally controlling the power extracting from this power supply.
2. portable handset as claimed in claim 1, also comprises a display controller that is connected to this gating matrix, for controlling shutter that this can transverse movement to show an image.
3. portable handset as claimed in claim 1, also comprises at least one chromatic filter being placed in this display board.
4. portable handset as claimed in claim 2, wherein this display controller comprises a video memory, this video memory has the storer for picture signal.
5. portable handset as claimed in claim 4, wherein this display controller comprises a colour bits controller, this colour bits controller is for controlling the quantity for generation of the colour bits of an image.
6. portable handset as claimed in claim 2, also comprises a portable memory storage apparatus.
7. portable handset as claimed in claim 1, wherein this light source comprises a plurality of light sources, each can produce a color of choosing the plurality of light source.
8. portable handset as claimed in claim 7, also comprises an optical controller, and this optical controller is for sequentially encouraging the plurality of light source to show a coloured image.
9. portable handset as claimed in claim 2, wherein this gating matrix is synchronizeed the setting illumination backlight with of a picture frame, makes with the series illumination of color alternately picture frame alternately.
10. portable handset as claimed in claim 9, wherein this display controller changes the duration of a subframe series pro rata according to a scale-of-two series and the position level importance that represents the coding gray scale word of an illumination value.
11. portable handsets as claimed in claim 2, wherein this gating matrix comprises an overall start circuit, for starting a plurality of start of while substantially of the plurality of shutter.
12. portable handsets as claimed in claim 2, also comprise that one is connected to this housing and can responds the user's interface device that user command produces input signal.
13. portable handsets as claimed in claim 12, wherein this of display controller detection inputs and selects one one group of limited color the bit depth of saving power are provided.
14. portable handsets as claimed in claim 1, also comprise on a upper surface that is placed in this display board and can produce the touch-sensitive screen of the signal that represents a position of just being pressed by a user on this display board.
15. portable handsets as claimed in claim 1, wherein this display board also comprises a kind of fluid of shutter that can transverse movement around this.
16. portable handsets as claimed in claim 1, comprise that one is placed in this optical modulation layer below and has one in the face of the reflection horizon of the reflecting surface of this optical modulation layer.
17. portable handsets as claimed in claim 1, comprise a light guide in this housing.
18. portable handsets as claimed in claim 1, wherein this gating matrix comprises an active matrix, this active matrix have a plurality of each with one accordingly can transverse movement the control circuit that is associated of shutter.
19. portable handsets as claimed in claim 1, wherein this power controller is connected to a light source to control at least one in the selection of time that drives the amplitude of this light source or switch this light source.
20. portable handsets as claimed in claim 19, wherein this light source comprises a plurality of light sources for generation of the light of different colours, and this power controller is controlled at least one the selection of time switched in these light sources to produce the color of extracting less power from this power supply.
21. portable handsets as claimed in claim 20, also comprise an optical sensor that is connected to this power controller, with ambient light, also dynamically change this mode of operation, wherein in response to the low-intensity that surround lighting detected, reduce the brightness of display board, in response to the high strength that surround lighting detected, increase the brightness of display board.
22. portable handsets as claimed in claim 2, comprise that applying voltage level is set to a state between two parties with each in described shutter.
23. portable handsets as claimed in claim 1, comprise a device that selects the group of free game console, mobile phone, audio player, video player, wrist-watch, e-book, digital camera, televisor, GNSS receiver and kneetop computer formation.
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| US60/676,053 | 2005-04-29 | ||
| US11/326,900 | 2006-01-06 | ||
| US11/326,696 US9158106B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-01-06 | Display methods and apparatus |
| US11/326,900 US8159428B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-01-06 | Display methods and apparatus |
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| US11/326,962 US7755582B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-01-06 | Display methods and apparatus |
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| CN2006800058237A Expired - Fee Related CN101128766B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof |
| CN200810085750.8A Expired - Fee Related CN101256279B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display method and apparatus |
| CN2009102036295A Expired - Fee Related CN101576656B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display methods and apparatus |
| CN2006800058222A Expired - Fee Related CN101151206B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Methods and apparatus for actuating displays |
| CN2006800058082A Expired - Fee Related CN101128765B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display methods and apparatus |
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| CN2006800058237A Expired - Fee Related CN101128766B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof |
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| CN2006800058222A Expired - Fee Related CN101151206B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Methods and apparatus for actuating displays |
| CN2006800058082A Expired - Fee Related CN101128765B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display methods and apparatus |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101128765A (en) | 2008-02-20 |
| CN101151207B (en) | 2012-01-04 |
| CN101128765B (en) | 2010-12-01 |
| CN101151207A (en) | 2008-03-26 |
| CN101151206A (en) | 2008-03-26 |
| CN101256279A (en) | 2008-09-03 |
| CN101128766A (en) | 2008-02-20 |
| CN101576656B (en) | 2012-05-30 |
| CN101128766B (en) | 2011-01-12 |
| CN101576656A (en) | 2009-11-11 |
| CN101151206B (en) | 2011-10-05 |
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