CN101259296B - Fluid pressure actuated blood pumping methods for continuous inflow and pulsatile outflow - Google Patents
Fluid pressure actuated blood pumping methods for continuous inflow and pulsatile outflow Download PDFInfo
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- CN101259296B CN101259296B CN 200810005883 CN200810005883A CN101259296B CN 101259296 B CN101259296 B CN 101259296B CN 200810005883 CN200810005883 CN 200810005883 CN 200810005883 A CN200810005883 A CN 200810005883A CN 101259296 B CN101259296 B CN 101259296B
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Abstract
Blood processing systems (10) and related methods place first and second fluid pressure actuated pump stations (PP1, PP2) in in-line communication between a source and a destination. The systems and methods apply fluid pressure pump strokes to the first and second pump stations to convey fluid from the source to the destination. The systems and methods switch between a first flow mode and a second flow mode. In the first flow mode, the pump strokes draw a fluid volume into the first pump station from the source and expel a fluid volume from the second pump station to the destination. In the second flow mode, the pump strokes draw a fluid volume into the second pump station from the source and expel a fluid volume from the first pump station to the destination. The systems and methods synchronize the pump strokes so that fluid flow from the source is essentially continuous while fluid flow to the destination is pulsatile.
Description
The application is that International Application PCT/US00/23675, August 29 2000 applying date, April 29 calendar year 2001 get into the China national stage, the dividing an application of application number 00801851.0, denomination of invention " effusive fluid pressure actuated blood pumping system continuously flows into, pulses ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for processing and the acquisition system and the method for the suspension of blood, blood constitutent or other cellular material.
Background technology
People become its various medical components, for example erythrocyte, platelet and blood plasma through centrifuging with separation of whole blood as usual usually at present.
The special-purpose aseptic process system that traditional blood processing adopts that durable centrifugation apparatus combines to be made of plastics usually.Operator are placed on this disposable system on the centrifugal separator before handle, with after they are thrown away.
The size of tradition centrifugal blood seperator makes and is not easy between the blood collection position, to carry.In addition, pack into and unloading operation relatively expends time in and dull sometimes.
In addition; Need to improve so further to be used for gathering the system and method for blood constitutent: it helps to be applied in the situation of high capacity, online blood collection, in the quite short time, can realize blood cell component such as blood plasma, erythrocyte and the hematoblastic more high production to critical needs in this case.
As for the strong request of institute of littler and more portable system, the operation of this fluid handling system and performance requirement are become complicated and perfect more.Therefore need automatic blood processing controller, these controllers can gather and produce more detailed information and control these signals to make processing and separation efficiency maximization to help operator.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is provided for the processing system and the method for blood and blood constitutent, and this system and method helps to form the processing platform with light and flexible of simply and accurately controlling function.
Particularly, the present invention provides fluid pressure actuated blood pumping system and method, can realize continuously flowing into, and pulsating flow does well.
According to an aspect of the present invention, blood processing system and method are arranged on the first and second fluid pressure actuated pumps stations between a fluid source and the destination online connection.This system and method applies the fluid pressure pump stroke to first and second pumping plants, and fluid is transported to said destination from said source.This system changes between first flow pattern and second flow pattern.In first flow pattern, pump stroke is pumped into said first pumping plant with Fluid Volume from said fluid source, and Fluid Volume is discharged to said destination from second pumping plant.In second flow pattern, pump stroke is pumped into said second pumping plant with Fluid Volume from said fluid source, and Fluid Volume is discharged to said destination from first pumping plant.Said pump stroke is synchronous, so that fluid source is left in the basic continuous-flow of fluid, and fluid is to flow to destination with pulsing.
Said source and destination ground can be venipuncture, blood collection container, storage container or treatment fluid sources.Said destination also can be communicated with blood processor.
In one embodiment, said system and method makes said pump stroke synchronous, so that when applying positive fluid pressure, discharge stroke is the discharge currents scale of construction from a pumping plant; When applying minus fluid pressure, the suction pump stroke is to another pumping plant inlet flow scale of construction.
In one embodiment, the said suction pump stroke persistent period is than said excavationg pump stroke longer duration.In this structure, the excavationg pump stroke of a pumping plant takes place when the suction pump stroke of another said pumping plant begins.
In one embodiment, said excavationg pump stroke applies positive air pressure, and said suction pump applies minus air pressure.
In description below and the accompanying drawing other features and advantages of the present invention have been described.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 demonstrates the disposable processing set that before using, is not connected with treatment facility for specifically having shown the perspective view of a system of characteristic of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the perspective view in the system shown in Fig. 1, and the door that demonstrates position and the pump and the valve station of whizzer is opened, so that use during the installation that supplies blood processor;
Fig. 3 is the perspective view in the system shown in Fig. 1, demonstrates blood processor and is installed on the treatment facility fully and is ready to and use;
Fig. 4 is the right elevational perspective view of the chest of the blood processor shown in dress Fig. 1, and its cover closing is so that transport this equipment;
Fig. 5 is the sketch map in blood treatment loop, and this loop can be programmed to carry out the multiple different blood handling procedures relevant with the equipment shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is the decomposition diagram of box, and this box is included in the programmable blood treatment loop shown in Fig. 5, and pump on the treatment facility shown in Fig. 1 and valve station, and said equipment holds this box so that use;
Fig. 7 is the plane graph in the front of the box shown in Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the perspective view of the amplification of the valve position on the box shown in Fig. 6;
Fig. 9 is the plane graph at the back side of the box shown in Fig. 6;
Figure 10 is the plane graph that is included in the general procedure device in the box shown in Figure 6, and this device can be installed on the equipment shown in Figure 1, shown in Fig. 2 and 3;
Figure 11 is the top cross-sectional view at pump and valve station, is wherein adorning the box shown in Fig. 6 so that use;
Figure 12 is the sketch map of Pneumatic pipe assembly, and it is the part at pump shown in Fig. 6 and valve station, and it supplies with positive and negative air pressure to pass through the box shown in Fig. 7 and 9 to FLUID TRANSPORTATION;
Figure 13 is a perspective elevation of adorning the chest of this treatment facility, and its lid is opened so that this equipment uses, and demonstrates the position of the various treatment elements that are contained in this cabinet interior;
Figure 14 is the sketch map of controller, and this controller carries out the function of the equipment shown in programme-control and the surveillance map 1;
Figure 15 A, 15B and 15C are the side schematic view that is combined in the blood separating chamber in the equipment shown in Figure 1; Demonstrate blood plasma and gather pipeline and two relevant on-line sensors with erythrocyte, these two pick offs are surveyed situation (Figure 15 A), the situation (Figure 15 B) of overflowing of normal running and the situation (Figure 15 C) of not overflowing.
Figure 16 is the perspective view of anchor clamps, and these anchor clamps are aimed at the observation of said on-line sensor gathering to make these when pipeline links to each other pipes maintenance is desired with blood plasma and erythrocyte, shown in Figure 15 A, 15B and 15C;
Figure 17 is the perspective view at the anchor clamps shown in Figure 16, and plasma cell collection pipeline, erythrocyte collection pipeline and whole blood inlet tube are installed, thereby with a kind of organized array side by side these pipes is concentrated in together;
Figure 18 is for being configured to the perspective view in two pick offs of observation aligning shown in Figure 15 A, 15B and 15C at the anchor clamps shown in Figure 17 and pipe;
Figure 19 is the sketch map of sensing station, forms the part of this sensing station at first and second pick offs shown in Figure 15 A, 15B and the 15C;
Optical density in time the curve chart of Figure 20 for being sensed through first and second pick offs;
Figure 21 is the exploded top perspective view of molded centrifugal blood container handling, and this container can be used in combination with the equipment shown in Fig. 1;
Figure 22 is the bottom perspective view at the molded container handling shown in Figure 21;
Figure 23 is the top view at the molded container handling shown in Figure 21;
Figure 24 is the side sectional view at the molded container handling shown in Figure 21;
The top view of the adapter that Figure 24 A cuts open for the 24A-24A line in Figure 24 substantially, this adapter is connected umbilical part on this molded container handling with the mode shown in Figure 24;
Figure 25 is at the side sectional view of the molded container handling shown in Figure 24 after being connected umbilical part on the container;
Figure 26 is the perspective view of the centrifugal separator station of the treatment facility shown in Fig. 1, and container handling is installed so that use;
Figure 27 is another decomposition diagram at centrifugal separator station shown in Figure 26 and container handling;
Figure 28 is the side sectional view at the centrifugal separator station of the treatment facility shown in Figure 26, and container handling is installed so that use;
Figure 29 is like the top view at the molded centrifugal blood container handling shown in Figure 21 to 23, demonstrates to be used for becoming blood plasma and erythrocytic a kind of stream to arrange separation of whole blood;
Figure 30 to 33 is like the top view at the molded centrifugal blood container handling shown in Figure 21 to 23, demonstrates to be used for becoming blood plasma and erythrocytic another kind of stream to arrange separation of whole blood;
Figure 34 is the sketch map in another kind of blood treatment loop, and this loop can be programmed with the equipment shown in Fig. 1 that is combined in carries out multiple different blood treatment program;
Figure 35 is the positive plane graph of box, and this box contains in the programmable blood treatment loop shown in Figure 34;
Figure 36 is the plane graph at the box back side shown in Figure 35;
Figure 37 A is at the sketch map in the blood treatment loop shown in Figure 34 to 37E, demonstrates the programming of box, to carry out the different fluids mobile operational process relevant with being processed into whole blood blood plasma and erythrocyte;
Figure 38 A and 38B are the sketch map in the loop of blood treatment shown in Figure 34, demonstrate the programming of box, to carry out and to be delivered into liquid flow operation relevant from the erythrocyte that separation of whole blood goes out additional solution is online;
Figure 39 A and 39B are at the sketch map in the blood treatment loop shown in Figure 34, demonstrate the programming of box, with carry out with from whole blood the online conveying of isolated erythrocyte through a filter to remove the relevant liquid flow operation of leukocyte;
Figure 40 is the exemplary embodiment that is suitable for a kind of platform scale that is used in combination at the equipment shown in Fig. 1;
Figure 41 is the exemplary embodiment that is suitable for the another kind of scale that is used in combination at the equipment shown in Fig. 1;
Figure 42 is used for the flow velocity sensing of air pump chamber and the sketch map of control system, and this system has adopted an electrode to form an electric field in pump chamber inside; And
Figure 43 is the sketch map of Pneumatic pipe assembly, and this assembly is the part at pump shown in Fig. 6 and valve station, and this assembly carries positive and negative air-pressure so that FLUID TRANSPORTATION is passed through the box shown in Figure 35 and 36.
Under the situation that does not break away from its spirit or substantive features, can specifically realize the present invention with several forms.Scope of the present invention is limited in the additional claim, rather than in the description before them.Therefore all implications that fall within the equivalent technical solutions of claim all will be comprised by claim with the interior embodiment of scope.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 the has demonstrated imbody fluid handling system 10 of characteristic of the present invention.This system 10 can be used for handling various fluids.System 10 is particularly useful for handling the suspension of whole blood and other biological cellular material.Therefore, described embodiment has shown the system 10 that is used for this purpose.
I. system survey
This chest 36 comprises a base portion 38 and a hinged lid 40, and this lid can be opened (as shown in Figure 1) and close (as shown in Figure 4).Lid 40 comprises a breech lock 42, is used for releasably the lid 40 of close to lock.This lid 40 also comprises a grip 44, and operator can catch this handle so that when lid 40 is closed, carry this chest 36.In use, base portion 38 should be in one substantially in the supporting surface of level.
It should be understood that system 10 needn't make centrifugal blood ground separate.System 10 can be equipped with the blood separation equipment of other type, for example thin film blood separation equipment.
II. programmable blood treatment loop
With reference to Fig. 5, loop 46 can be programmed to carry out multiple different blood treatment program, wherein for example can gather erythrocyte, perhaps gathers blood plasma, perhaps gathers blood plasma and erythrocyte, perhaps gathers buffy coat.
In described embodiment, this loop also comprises an independent flow channel that comprises two port P9 and a P10 and a pumping plant PP4.This flow channel is called as " independent ", this be because under not having the situation of external pipe it can not be configured to loop 46 in any other flow channel directly communicate.Selectivity operation through line valve V15, V19 and V20, just can guided liquid-flow along between two valves forwards to perhaps rightabout, perhaps pass through pumping plant along the turnover direction of single valve.
In this is provided with, the concrete blood treatment program that general pumping plant PP1 can consider to be carried out and as a kind of processing whole blood pump of special use, so that whole blood is delivered in the blood separator.This special-purpose function makes blood donors interface pump PP3 no longer have the additional function that is transported to whole blood separator.Therefore, the whole blood pump PP1 in this handling procedure can keep blood is fed to blood separator continuously, and blood donors interface pump PP3 can be used for drawing blood and blood being turned back to blood donors through single fleams simultaneously.Thereby make the processing time minimum.
In this was provided with, general pumping plant PP2 can be used as a kind of blood plasma pump regardless of the concrete blood treatment program of being carried out, so that from blood separator, carry blood plasma.The successive blood flow that this ability that can be exclusively used in independent pump function has formed a turnover separator and passed in and out blood donors.
This loop 46 can be programmed according to the object of concrete blood treatment program, is used for keeping all or some blood plasma so that deposit or classification, perhaps is used for all or some blood plasma is turned back to blood donors.This loop 46 can also be programmed based on concrete blood treatment program, is used for keeping all or some red blood cells so that deposit or classification, perhaps is used for all or some red blood cells are turned back to blood donors.This loop 46 can also be programmed based on concrete blood treatment program, is used for keeping all or some buffy coats so that deposit or classification, perhaps is used for all or some buffy coats are turned back to blood donors.
In a preferred embodiment, programmable fluid circuit 46 can be realized through adopting a fluid pressure actuated box 28 (referring to Fig. 6).This box 28 provides a concentrated programmable integrated platform for desired all pumpings of given blood treatment program and valve function.In described embodiment, fluid pressure comprises positive air pressure and negative pressure.Can also adopt the fluid pressure of other type.
As shown in Figure 6, box 28 and pneumatically actuated pump and valve station 30 interact, and this pneumatically actuated pump and valve station are installed in the lid 40 of chest 36 (referring to Fig. 1).Box 28 in use is installed in pump and the valve station.This pump and valve station 30 apply positive air pressure and negative pressure so that guided liquid-flow passes this loop on box 28.Below further details will be provided.
Pumping plant PP1 is formed in the well of opening on the front 190 of box body 188 to PP4.The edge of erectting surrounds the open well of pumping plant at periphery.Except the through hole or port 202 or 204 at a pair of interval that is used for each pumping plant, these pump sumps are enclosed on the back side of box body 188. Port 202 and 204 extensions are led on the back side 192 of box body 188.Be not difficult to find out that port 202 or 204 can make its relevant pumping plant as an inlet or outlet, perhaps use for export simultaneously and inlet.
It is the well of opening that line valve V1 forms on the front 190 of box to V23 equally.Fig. 8 demonstrates representative valve V (N).The edge of erectting surrounds the open well of the valve on the front 190 of box body 188 at periphery.Except each valve all comprised a pair of through hole or port 206 and 208, these valves sealed on the back side 192 of box 28.A port 206 communicates with a selected fluid passage on the back side 192 of box body 188.Another port 208 communicates with another selected passage on the back side 192 of box body 188.
In each valve, a valve seat 210 extends around port 208.Valve seat 210 is recessed in the surface underneath of recessed valve pit, and port 208 just flushes with recessed valve pit circumferential surface basically like this, and valve seat 210 extends below the valve pit surface.
The flexible membrane 194 that is covered with box 28 positive 190 leans against on the setting edge that surrounds these pumping plants and valve.Through on this side of box body 188, applying malleation equably,, erects on the edge flexible membrane 194 thereby being pressed against these.Normal pressure forms the periphery sealing around these pumping plants and valve.This makes these pumps and valve be spaced from each other again and separates with the remainder of this system.Pump and valve station 30 can apply malleation for this reason on the front 190 of box body 188.
In addition, the positive fluid pressure and the negative fluid pressure that on the diaphragm 194 that is covered with these zones that sealed by the edge, apply partly are used for making the deflection in zones of these periphery sealings of this diaphragm.These are used for discharging liquid pumping plant (through applying malleation) and liquid being drawn into pumping plant (through applying negative pressure) being covered with the positive fluid pressure that applies partly on the diaphragm zone of pumping plant and negative fluid pressure.
In described embodiment, each pumping plant PP1 comprises a recessed track 316 (referring to Fig. 7) to the bottom of PP4.This track 316 extends between port 202 and 204, and comprises a folding road that extends with an angle from top port 202 beginnings.This track 316 forms better liquid flow seriality between port 202 and 204, especially when the diaphragm zone receives the positive pressure that acts on the pumping plant bottom.This track 316 has also prevented the air in the diaphragm zone collection pumping plant.The air inner at pumping plant is pressed in the track 316, even this diaphragm zone is dropped to minimum point in this station, here it also can be discharged from pumping plant through top port 202 at any time.
Equally; Be covered with on the diaphragm zone of valve local positive fluid pressure that applies and negative fluid pressure will be used for making these diaphragms zone seats lean on (through applying malleation) and seat not by (through applying negative pressure) on these valve seats, thereby close and open relevant valve port.This flexible membrane bends to valve seat 210 outsides corresponding to the negative pressure that is applied, to open corresponding ports.This flexible membrane enters valve seat 210 the insides corresponding to the malleation bending that is applied, to close corresponding ports.Sealing is to realize that with sealing around port 208 this port flushes with the wall of valve pit through forcing this flexible membrane bending to advance in the recessed valve seat 210.Flexible membrane forms the sealing of a kind of edge around valve port 208 in recessed valve seat 210.
In operation, pump and valve station 30 are applied to partial positive fluid pressure and negative fluid pressure on these zones of front diaphragm 104, so that open and close these valve ports.
Except fluid passage F15, F23 and F24 were formed in the slender pipeline of front 190 upper sheds of box body 188, fluid passage F1 was formed in the slender pipeline of the back side 192 upper sheds of box body 188 to F38.These fluid passages assign to represent to be beneficial to their observation with shadow part in Fig. 9.Erect the edge and surround the front 190 of box body 188 and the opening pipeline on the back side 192 at periphery.
Except passing at these passages the place of valve station port or pumping plant port, fluid passage F1 seals on the front 190 of box body 188 to F38.Equally, the place of the coaxial that certain pipeline except pass the back side 192 with box 28 at these passages on communicates, fluid passage F1 seals on the back side 192 of box body 188 to F38.
Be covered with the front 190 of box body 188 and the flexible membrane 194 and 196 at the back side 192 and lean against encirclement fluid passage F1 to the setting edge of F38.Through on the front of box body 188 190 and the back side 192, applying malleation equably, flexible membrane 194 and 196 just rests against on the setting edge.This just forms the edge sealing along fluid passage F1 to F38.In operation, pump and valve station 30 are applied to malleation on diaphragm 194 and 196 for this reason.
Two lateral margins of 188 extend in advance molded port P1 to P13 along box body.This box 28 is vertically installed so that be used among pump and valve station 30 (referring to Fig. 2).In this orientation, facing to the below, and port P1 is one to P7 and follows that another vertically stacks and facing to the inside port P8 to P13.
As shown in Figure 2, as will be below described the same, thereby port P8 to P13 through being orientated facing to below and the container support pallet 212 that is formed in the base portion 38.As will be below described in more detail the same, be orientated to P7 and centrifugal separator station and a container weight station 214 facing to the port P1 of the inside.Prevented air admission process chamber 18 at the port P5 of port P1 below P4 to the orientation of P7 (these ports are used for process chamber 18).
The orientation clocklike of these ports provides the device of the compactness concentrated consistent with the operating area of chest 36.
B. fexible unit
Figure 10 generally demonstrates fexible unit 264, and this device can carry out several kinds of different blood treatment programs through the selectivity programming in the blood treatment loop 46 that provided by box 28.
Also a container 275 that is used to gather the online blood sample of extracting out through pipe 300 is installed through Y-connection 273.
The container 280 that the dress erythrocyte adds solution links to each other with box port P3 through a pipe 278.Pipe 278 also is being with a manually operated Pipeline clip 282 in outside.
A container 288 of dress normal saline links to each other with box port P12 through a pipe 284.
Figure 10 demonstrates fluidic container 276,280 and 288 is housed, and they are installed in the course of processing of device 264 integrally.Perhaps, all or some containers 276,280 and 288 can be opened with device and provide in 264 minutes.Container 276,280 can be connected through common pin adapter with 288; Perhaps install 264 and can be designed to the installation of independent container is provided when in use, thereby keep a kind of blood treatment environment of disinfectant sealing through a kind of suitable connecting through disinfectant.Perhaps, pipe 274,278 and 284 can have a kind of pipeline sterilizing filter and a kind of common pin adapter so that inject container port when in use, thereby keeps the blood treatment environment of a disinfectant sealing.
This device 264 also comprises pipe 290,292 and 294, and these pipes extend on the umbilical part 296.When being installed in treating stations, this umbilical part 296 makes the process chamber 18 of rotation link to each other with box 28 and does not need rotary seal.The further details of this structure will be provided below.
Pipe 290,292 and 294 is connected on box port P5, P6 and the P7.Pipe 290 is delivered into whole blood in the process chamber 18.Pipe 292 transports the blood plasma from process chamber 18.Pipe 294 transports the erythrocyte from process chamber 18.
A blood plasma collection container 304 links to each other with box port P3 through a pipe 302.This collection container 304 is in use as the blood plasma memorizer in handling procedure.
An erythrocyte collection container 308 links to each other with box port P2 through a pipe 306.This collection container 308 in use is used to receive the first module erythrocyte so that storage.
A whole blood memorizer 312 links to each other with box port P1 through a pipe 310.This collection container 312 is in use as the whole blood memorizer in handling procedure.It can also be used to holding the second unitary erythrocyte so that storage.
As shown in Figure 10, there is not pipeline to link to each other with buffy coat port P4 with public box port P13.
C. pump and valve station
Pump and valve station 30 comprise a box fixing head 216.Door 32 be hinged with respect to box fixing head 216 the open position that exposes box fixing head 216 (shown in Fig. 6) with cover between the closed position of box fixing head 216 (shown in Fig. 3) mobile.Door 32 also comprises an eccentric breech lock 218 that has latch handle 220.When door 32 is closed, breech lock 218 beginnings and latch pin 222 engagements.
Shown in figure 11, the inner surface of door 32 has a flexible packing ring 224.This packing ring 224 contacts the back side 192 of box 28 when door 32 is closed.An inflatable air bag 314 is positioned at below the packing ring 224.
Along with door 32 is opened (referring to Fig. 2), operator can put into box fixing head 216 with box 28.Close to the doorstep 32 and plug breech lock 218 and make diaphragm 196 on packing ring 224 and box 28 back sides 192 facing to contacting.Expansible air bag 314 force packing ring 224 closely sealed engagement on diaphragm 196.Thereby this box 28 just is fixed in the box fixing head 216 with a kind of being sealed and matched closely.
With the power that can not overcome through the manual force that normally is applied on the latch handle 220, the expansion of air bag 314 is also being supported eccentric breech lock 218 with respect to latch pin 222 fully.Door 32 is pinned firmly and when air bag 314 is expansible, can not be opened.In this structure, there is no need to adopt auxiliary locking device or pick off to guarantee during blood treatment, letting door 32 not open.
Pump and valve station 30 also comprise a pipeline assembly 226 that is arranged in box fixing head 216.This pipeline assembly 226 comprises molded or mach plastics or a metallic object.Diaphragm-operated positive 194 close and air bag 214 keeps expansible the time being pressed on the pipeline assembly 226 with engagement system closely at door 32.
This pipeline assembly 226 links to each other with pneumatic pressure source 234, and this pressure source provides positive air pressure and negative pressure.This pneumatic pressure source 234 is contained in the inside of the lid 40 of pipeline assembly 226 back.
In described embodiment, pressure source 234 comprises two compressor C1 and C2.Yet, can also adopt one or more double end compressors.Shown in figure 12, a compressor C1 is provided to negative pressure on the box 28 through pipeline 226.Another compressor C2 is provided to malleation on the box 28 through pipeline 226.
Shown in figure 12, pipeline 226 contain four pump actuator PA1 to PA4 and 23 valve actuator VA1 to VA23.Pump actuator PA1 is manual orientation to PA4 and valve actuator VA1 to VA23, on the front 190 of box 28, to form the mirror image of pumping plant PP1 to PP4 and valve station V1 to V23.
Shown in figure 22 in addition, each actuator PA1 comprises a port 228 to PA4 and VA1 to VA23.Port 228 is with the sequentially-fed controlled by controller 16 positive air pressure or the negative pressure from pressure source.These positive and negative air-pressure pulses make positive diaphragm 194 deflections with handle pump chamber PP1 in the box 28 to PP4 and valve station V1 to V23.Blood and treat liquid are flowed pass box 28.
Box fixing head 216 preferably includes the flexible thin film 232 (referring to Fig. 6) that pipeline assembly 226 is passed in a stretching, extension.This thin film 232 when being installed into fixing head 216 as the interface between the diaphragm 194 of piston element 226 and box 28.Thin film 232 can comprise one or more small through hole (not shown) to PA4 and VA1 at covering pump and valve actuator PA1 in the zone of VA23.The size in these holes can be transported to Pneumatic hydraulic on the box diaphragm 194 from pipeline assembly 226.Also have these holes to want enough little to hinder passing through of liquid.Thin film 232 forms a kind of flexible splash guard on the exposed surface of pipeline assembly 226.
This splash guard thin film 232 under the situation that box diaphragm 194 leaks, prevent liquid get into pump and valve actuator PA1 to PA4 and VA1 to VA23.This splash guard thin film 232 also gets into the pump and the valve actuator of pipeline assembly 226 as a kind of filter to prevent minim matter.This splash guard thin film 232 can carry out cyclicity ground wiped clean when changing box 28.
Under the control of controller 16, pipeline assembly 226 also is that door air bag 314 (describing) and the pullover (not shown) of blood supply pressure and blood supply pipeline occludator 320 provide the pressure energy level.
Like Fig. 1, shown in 10, blood supply pipeline occludator 320 is arranged in box 36, and it is close to pump and valve station 30 is following and in alignment with the port P8 and the P9 of box 28.The blood supply pipeline 266 that is connected on the port P8 passes this occludator 320.The anticoagulant pipeline 270 that is connected on the port P9 also passes this occludator 320.The pinched valve that this occludator 320 is a kind of load on spring, close has usually been passed pipeline 266 and 270 between this occludator.Cross an electromagnetic valve from the Pneumatic pipe cleaner of pipeline assembly 234 and offer an air bag (not shown).This air bag is because the cause of air pressure and open pinched valve expansible the time, thereby opens pipeline 266 and 270.There is not under the situation of air pressure closed electromagnetic valve and air bag and atmosphere.Thereby the pinched valve of the load on spring of this occludator 320 is closed and is closed pipeline 266 and 270.
(i) P
HighBe strong pressure and P
HandleOr processing pressure is the maximum pressure that in pipeline assembly 226, is kept.P
HighApply and be used for closing box valve V1 to V23.P
HandleApply and be used for driving liquid transfer from handling pump PP1 and blood plasma pump PP2.In the scope of the preferred embodiment for P
HighAnd P
HandleUsed common force value is 500mmHg.
(ii) P
GeneralOr usual pressure applies and is used for driving the liquid transfer from blood supply interface pump PP3 and anticoagulant pump PP4.In the scope of the preferred embodiment for P
GeneralUsed common force value is 150mmHg.
(iii) to offer blood supply pressure pullover for Pcuff or pullover pressure.In the scope of the preferred embodiment, be 80mmHg for the used common force value of Pcuff.
(iv) V
HighOr strong vacuum is the vacuum that is applied in the pipeline assembly 226 the degree of depth.V
HighApply and be used for opening valve V1 to V23.In the scope of the preferred embodiment, be used for V
HighCommon vacuum be-350mmHg.
(vi) V
GeneralOr conventional vacuum is to apply to be used for driving four pump PP1 each extract function in the PP4.In the scope of the preferred embodiment, be used for V
GeneralCommon vacuum be-300mmHg.
(vii) P
DoorOr door pressure imposes on air bag 314 so that box 28 encapsulation are advanced in the fixing head 216.In the scope of the preferred embodiment, be used for P
DoorCommon force value be 700mmHg.
For each pressure and vacuum capacity, the error of permission ± 20mmHg.
P
HandleBe used for handling and handle pump PP1, blood pump is sent to process chamber 18.P
HandleSize must be enough to overcome the minimum pressure that is approximately 300mmHg, this pressure is present in process chamber 18 inside usually.
Equally, P
HandleBe used for blood plasma pump PP2, advance to have similar pressure capability under the situation in the process chamber 18 owing to it must need be reversed pumping at blood plasma, as the general is described below, for example during the situation of overflowing.
P
HandleAnd P
HighCan under the effect that is applied in the pressure that is used for handling these valves, not be forced with the upstream and downstream valve guaranteeing to use in operation under the highest pressure and to open with pumping.Fluid passage F1 is to the designing requirement P that be interconnected of F38 through this cascade of box 28
Handle-P
HighBe the maximum pressure that is applied.For the same reason, V
GeneralRequire minimum in V
High, can not overwhelm the upper reaches or downstream boxlike valve V1 to V23 to PP4 to guarantee PP1.
P
GeneralBe used for driving blood supply interface pump PP3 and can equally with AC pump PP4 remain under the lower pressure.
A main strong pressure pipeline 322 and a main vacuum pipeline 324 provide P in pipeline assembly 324
HighAnd V
HighPressure and vacuum source 234 turn round so that for strong pressure pipeline 322 P is provided continuously
HighAnd for the high vacuum pipeline provides V
High
A pressure transducer S1 monitors the P in the strong pressure pipeline 322
HighThis pick off S1 is controlling an electromagnetic valve EV38.Electromagnetic valve EV38 normally closes.Pick off S1 opens electromagnetic valve EV38 so that P
HighReach its maximum set value.As long as P
HighIn its specified pressure limit, electromagnetic valve EV38 closes, and this electromagnetic valve is at P
HighOpen when being reduced to below its minimum acceptable value.
Equally, a pressure transducer S5 monitoring V in high vacuum pipeline 324
HighPick off S5 controls an electromagnetic valve EV39.Electromagnetic valve EV39 normally closes.Pick off S5 opens electromagnetic valve EV39 so that V
HighReach its maximum set value.As long as V
HighIn its specified pressure limit, electromagnetic valve EV39 closes, and this electromagnetic valve is at V
HighOpen when being reduced to below its minimum acceptable value.
A usual pressure pipeline 326 is told from strong pressure pipeline 322.A pick off S2 monitoring P in usual pressure pipeline 326
GeneralPick off S2 controls an electromagnetic valve EV30.Electromagnetic valve EV30 normally closes.Pick off S2 opens electromagnetic valve EV30 and upgrades from the P in the strong pressure pipeline 322
GeneralAs long as P
GeneralIn its specified pressure limit, electromagnetic valve EV30 closes, and this electromagnetic valve is at P
GeneralOpen when dropping on outside its specified scope.
A processing pressure pipeline 328 is also told from strong pressure pipeline 322.Pick off S3 monitoring P in processing pressure pipeline 328
HandlePick off S3 controls an electromagnetic valve EV36.Electromagnetic valve EV36 normally closes.Pick off S3 opens electromagnetic valve EV36 from the P in the strong pressure pipeline 322
HandleBe updated to P
HandleMaximum.As long as P
HandleIn its specified pressure limit, electromagnetic valve EV36 closes, and this electromagnetic valve is at P
HandleOpen when dropping on outside its specified scope.
A conventional vacuum pipeline 330 is told from high vacuum pipeline 324.A pick off S6 monitors the V in the conventional vacuum pipeline 330
GeneralPick off S6 controls an electromagnetic valve EV31.Electromagnetic valve EV31 normally closes.Pick off S6 opens electromagnetic valve EV31 with from the V in the high vacuum pipeline 324
GeneralBe updated to V
GeneralMaximum.As long as V
GeneralIn its specified pressure limit, electromagnetic valve EV31 closes, and this electromagnetic valve is at V
GeneralOpen when dropping on outside its specified scope.
In strong pressure pipeline 322, processing pressure pipeline 328, usual pressure pipeline 326, high vacuum pipeline 324 and conventional vacuum pipeline 330, be provided with on-line memory R1 to R5, these memorizeies R1 guarantees that to R5 aforesaid pressure stable and vacuum conditions are stably with predictable.
In case program is accomplished, electromagnetic valve EV33 and EV34 are respectively these pressure and vacuum provides an outlet.Because pumping and valve will consume pressure and vacuum constantly, so electromagnetic valve EV33 and EV34 normally close.In case the blood treatment program is accomplished, electromagnetic valve EV33 and EV34 open to communicate with the pipeline assembly.
Electromagnetic valve EV28, EV29, EV35, EV37 and EV32 have make memorizer R1 to R5 be fed to the ability that the air line on the pipeline assembly 226 is kept apart to vacuum and pressure.This just provides pressure/vacuum decay feedback faster, so just can accomplish box/pipeline assembly sealing integrity test.These electromagnetic valves EV28, EV29, EV35, EV37 and EV32 normally open; Situation downforce in the instruction of not closing these electromagnetic valves EV28, EV29, EV35, EV37 and EV32 can not form in pipeline assembly 226 like this, and system pressure and vacuum can be discharged from a kind of pattern of mistake or under the situation of energy loss.
Electromagnetic valve EV1 provide P to EV23
HighOr V
HighWith driven valve actuators VA1 to V23.Under motorless state, these electromagnetic valves are normally opened, and close to V23 to keep all boxlike valve V1.
Electromagnetic valve EV24 and EV25 provide P
HandleAnd V
GeneralHandle pump PP1 and blood plasma pump PP2 to drive.Under motorless state, these electromagnetic valves are opened, and all close to keep pump PP1 and PP2.
Electromagnetic valve EV26 and EV27 provide P
GeneralAnd V
GeneralTo drive blood supply interface pump PP3 and AC pump PP4.Under motorless state, these electromagnetic valves are opened, and all close to keep pump PP3 and PP4.
Electromagnetic valve EV43 provides the isolation of an air bag 314 and strong pressure pipeline 322 during handling procedure.Electromagnetic valve EV43 normally opens, and at P
DoorClose when arriving.A pick off S7 monitoring P
DoorAnd be lower than P at gasbag pressure
DoorThe time send signal.Because box 28 can not leave fixing head when door air bag 314 is pressurized, thus electromagnetic valve EV43 under motorless state be open to guarantee air bag 314 aerofluxuss.
Electromagnetic valve EV42 provide P
HighTo open safe occludator valve 320.The error pattern of any entail dangers to blood donors will make release (aerofluxus) electromagnetic valve EV42 to close occludator 320 and to isolate blood donors.Likewise, any loss of energy will make electromagnetic valve EV42 discharge and keep apart blood donors.
Pick off S4 monitoring Pcuff and link with electromagnetic valve EV41 (being used for increase pressure) and electromagnetic valve EV40 (being used for aerofluxus) is to remain in its specified scope blood donors is pullover during handling procedure.Electromagnetic valve EV40 normally opens, pullover like this pipeline will system make mistakes or the situation of energy loss under aerofluxus.Electromagnetic valve EV41 normally closes, to make blood donors and any P under the situation of makeing mistakes in energy loss or system
HighSeparate.
Figure 12 demonstrates a pick off S8 at the pneumatic pipeline that is used for blood donors interface pump actuator PA3.Pick off S8 is two-way focused airflow pick off, and this pick off can be monitored the air-flow that flow to blood donors interface pump actuator PA3, to detect the obstruction in the blood donors pipeline.Perhaps; As will be described in greater detail below; Can through be contained in blood donors interface pump chamber PP3 arbitrarily or the electrode among other all pump chamber PP1, PP2 or the PP4 induce electric field change and detect obstruction, and can calculation flow rate and detecting air.
Various optionally embodiment are possible.Pressure and the vacuum that for example, can be used for four pump chambers can be modified to comprise more or less not commensurability or on the same group " sharing " pressure and vacuum capacity not.For an alternative embodiment, because return spring can make the boxlike valve turn back to the closed position removing under the situation of vacuum, so V
HighCan leave the passage of electromagnetic valve EV2, EV5, EV8, EV18, EV19, EV21, EV22.In addition, as the aerofluxus meeting shown in combining separate with multiple combination or make up.
Should also be understood that any electromagnetic valve used in " general open " pattern can pneumatically change route to be embodied as " cutting out usually ".Equally, the electromagnetic valve of any " cutting out usually " may be implemented as " general open ".
As another as an exampleBSEMGVR takeN-PSVSEMOBJ of optional embodiment, if P
DoorAnd P
HighBe set to onesizely, then can remove strong pressure memorizer R1.In this set, door air bag 314 can be used as the strong pressure memorizer., this can also remove pressure transducer S7 and electromagnetic valve EV43 in being provided with.
III. other processing controls parts of system
As can illustrating admirably at Figure 13, chest 36 comprises and is used for other parts of arranging compactly to help blood treatment.Except the centrifugal separator station 20 and pump and valve station 30 described, chest 36 also comprises a weight station 238, station 240, operator interface and one or morely is used for the pallet 212 of container or links up with 248.The layout of these parts in chest 36 can change.In described embodiment, the same with pump and valve station 30, weight station 238, controller 16 and user interface station 240 are arranged in the lid 40 of chest 36.Support pallet 212 near centrifugal separator station 20, be arranged in the base portion 38 of chest 36.
A. container support parts
As will be described in greater detail below, container is contained in isolated blood constitutent during the processing.Weight sensor 246 provides output, this output-response along with the variation of weighing of time.This output is transported in the controller 16.Controller 16 is handled these variations of weighing that increase progressively, to obtain fluid treatment volume and flow velocity.This controller produces signal, partly to come the control treatment program according to the processing volume that is obtained.Controller will be described the further details of the operation of control treatment program below.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 41, a brace summer 410 is sent to the power that is applied by hook 416 on the force transducer 412 through spring 414.The friction from the weighing and sensing system has in fact just been eliminated in this design.Size by the load that beam carried is linear on characteristic, and the weighing and sensing system can calibrate to confirm to be applied to the actual loading on the hook 416 at any time.
B. controller and station, operator interface
Processing controls and monitoring function that controller 16 is carried out system 10.As Figure 14 generally shown in, controller 16 comprises a Main Processor Unit (MPU) 250, though can adopt the general microprocessor of other type, this unit for example can comprise the Pentium of being made by Intel company
TMThe type microprocessor.MPU250 is installed in the inside (shown in figure 13) of the lid 40 of chest 36.
In a preferred embodiment, MPU250 adopts general real-time multi-task to distribute the MPU circulation to Processing tasks.A cyclicity timing relay (for example per 5 milliseconds) preemption carrying out of task and is planned the task that another prepares execution.If require to replan, want the prepreerence task of planning department in ready state so.Otherwise, confirm in tabulation, to be in the next task in the ready state.
Shown in figure 14, MPU250 comprises an application controls manager 252.This application controls manager 252 is being managed the action of the program library of at least one controlling application program 254.Each controlling application program 254 has stipulated to be used to adopt in a predefined manner the program of the given functional task at centrifugal separator station 20 and pump and valve station 30.In described embodiment, application program 254 resides among the EPROM ' s among the MPU250 as process software.
The quantity 254 of application program 254 can change.In described embodiment, application program 254 comprises at least one clinical applications.This application program comprises the step that is used for carrying out a regulation Clinical Processing program.For in described embodiment exemplified, application program 254 comprises three application programs: (1) two unit erythrocyte capture program; (2) plasma collection procedure; (3) blood plasma/erythrocyte capture program.The details of these programs will be described below.Certainly, can comprise additional application program.
Shown in figure 14, with this application program control and management device 252 interrelates several Slave Processing Units are arranged.Though the quantity of Slave Processing Unit can change, described embodiment demonstrates five processing units 256 (1) to 256 (5).These Slave Processing Units 256 (1) to 256 (5) interrelate with low level peripheral controllers 258 again so that control pump and valve actuator PA1 in pipeline assembly 226, weight sensor 246, pump and the valve station to the air pressure of other functional hardware of PA4 and VA1 and VA23, the motor that is used for centrifugal separator station 20, interface inductive post 332 and system.
MPU250 has comprised the instruction that is used for peripheral controllers 258 in EPROM ' s, these instructions are down passed on the suitable Slave Processing Unit 256 (1) to 256 (5) when starting.Application program control and management device 252 also will pass on the suitable Slave Processing Unit 256 (1) to 256 (5) under the operating parameter by application program 254 defineds that start.
Adopt the information of this download, Slave Processing Unit 256 (1) to 256 (5) continues to produce the device directive that is used for peripheral controllers 258, thereby makes this hardware operate to carry out this program with specified mode.Peripheral controllers 258 turns back to current hardware status information on the suitable Slave Processing Unit 256 (1) to 256 (5), and these processing units produce necessary instruction again to keep the operating parameter by application controls manager 252 defineds.
In described embodiment, a Slave Processing Unit 256 (2) is carried out an environment effector's function.If Slave Processing Unit breaks down and can not keep desired operating condition, processing unit 256 (2) just receives redundant current hardware status information and reports to MPU250.
Shown in figure 14, MPU250 also comprises an interactive user interface 260, and this interface lets operator can see and understand the information to the operation of system 10.This interface 260 links to each other with station, interface 240.This interface 260 lets operator can use station, interface 240, resides in the application program 254 in the application controls manager 252 with selection, and some function and the performance standard of change system 10.
Shown in figure 13, station, interface 240 comprises an interface screen 262 that is contained in the lid 40.This interface screen 262 has shown the information of being observed by operator with alphanumeric form and with the form of image.In described preferred embodiment, this interface screen 262 is also as input equipment.It receives the input from operator through common contact action.
C. the on-line monitoring of pump discharge
1. weight monitoring
Adopt platform scale 246, in the upper reaches or the downstream of pump, controller 16 just can be determined the fluidic actual volume that each pump stroke flows through continuously and revise any and the deviation flow that requires.Controller 16 can also be diagnosed out abnormal conditions, for example leakage in the fluid passage and obstruction.The measurement of this monitoring and be controlled at automatic separating plasma exchange process and need in using; Wherein anticoagulant must accurately measure at the time standby whole blood from blood donors blood drawing, and wherein product quality (like haematocrit, blood plasma purity) receives the influence of the degree of accuracy of flow rate pump.
Each all provides metastable specified stroke capacity, i.e. a SV to pump PP1 in box 28 to PP4.Therefore the flow velocity of given pump can be represented with following formula:
Wherein:
Q is the flow velocity of pump.
SV is a stroke capacity, the volume that promptly each pump circular flow is crossed.
T
PumpFlow out the time of pump chamber for fluid.
T
Flowing fullFor pump is full of the fluidic time, and
T
IdleTime for when pump is idle that is to say, when not having fluid motion to occur.
SV can be influenced by the interaction in pump and additional downstream and upstream fluid loop.This is similar to the interaction of the input impedance of the load that imperfect current source seems with it in the theory of loop.Therefore, actual SV can be different from nominal SV.
So actual fluid flow Q in the volume of time per unit
RealCan represent with following formula:
Wherein:
Q
RealIt is actual fluid flow with the stereometer of time per unit.
SV
TheoreticalBe the theoretic stroke volume that goes out according to the pump chamber geometry computations.K is a correction coefficient, and the interaction between pump and the upstream and downstream pressure has been described.
Actual flow rate can confirm in gravimetric analysis, adopts the upper reaches or downstream platform scale 246 according to the following relationship formula:
Wherein:
Δ Wt is the change on the fluid weight that is detected by the upper reaches or downstream platform scale 246 during the time period Δ T,
ρ is a fluid density,
Δ T is for detecting the time period that weight Δ Wt changes in platform scale 246.
Following expression formula is through obtaining equality (2) and (3) merging:
According to formula (4) calculating K, adjust T then
IdleThereby, obtain required flow rate, as follows:
Perhaps, controller 16 can change T
PumpAnd/or T
Flowing fullAnd/or T
IdleWith regulations speed.
In this layout, with interval ingredient T
Pump, T
Flowing fullOr T
IdleIn one or morely be adjusted to a new size to obtain Q according to following relationship
Requirement:
Wherein
T
N (adjusting)For regulating to obtain desired flow velocity Q
RequirementThe size of interval ingredient afterwards.
T
N (not regulating)Be the T that does not regulate
StrokeThe size of ingredient at interval At All Other Times.Regulating to obtain desired flow rate Q
RequirementThe intervals of strokes through regulating afterwards is T
N (adjusting)And T
N (not regulating)Summation.
Through platform scale 246, even these pumps do not make fluid move, controller 16 also can carry out inline diagnosis.For example, if do not need when flowing, platform scale detects weight change, in device 264, possibly have valve or a kind of leakage of a leakage so.
At calculating K and T
IdleAnd/or T
PumpAnd/or T
Flowing fullThe time, controller 16 can rely on the repeatedly measurement of Δ Wt and/or Δ T.Can adopt multiple averaging to reduce the error relevant with estimation scheme with recursion method (for example recursive least square, Kalman filter etc.).
Above-mentioned monitoring method can be applied to other stable stroke capacity pump, for example peristaltic pump etc.
2. electronic monitoring
Arrange optionally in (referring to Figure 42) that at one controller 16 comprises each pumping plant PP1 of being arranged on the box 28 metal electrode 422 to the pump chamber of PP4.Electrode 422 links to each other with a power supply 424.Electric current produces an electric field at corresponding pump chamber PP1 through the passage of each electrode 422 in PP4.
Fluid is drawn into and discharges pump chamber PP1 change electric field, thereby cause passing the change of total capacity in the loop of electrode 422 to the alternation deflection of the diaphragm 194 of PP4.Capacity is drawn into pump chamber PP1 at fluid to be increased in PP4, and capacity reduces when pump chamber PP1 discharges to PP4 at fluid.
In the blood treatment program at first, controller 16 is with the maximum stroke volume SV of the offset correction between high signal value of each pick off and the low signal value to respective pump chambers.Controller 16 makes in subsequently the extraction and the difference of discharging between the induced minimum and maximum signal value of cycle period institute and is associated with fluid volume through pump chamber extraction and discharge then.This controller 16 is adding up through the fluid volume of sample time period institute's pumping to produce actual flow rate.
In described embodiment, controller 16 also produces a derivative of the signal output of pick off 426.The change of this derivative or do not have derivative to reflect partially or completely to block to the mobile of PP4 through pump chamber PP1.Whether be based on pump chamber PP1 and occur blocking to the outlet of PP4 or porch, this derivative self also can change with a kind of unique mode.
IV. blood treatment program
A. two RBC capture programs (not having sampled plasma)
During this program, handled eccentrically to produce erythrocyte up to two units (approximately 500ml) so that gather from the whole blood of blood donors.All plasma component are returned blood donors.This program is known as two erythrocyte capture programs in brief.
Before carrying out two erythrocyte capture programs and any blood collection program, controller 16 is handled pipeline assembly 28 to carry out the leak check of a suitable box 28, to determine whether leakage is arranged in box 28.Leak the desired blood collection program of controller 16 beginnings in case accomplish the leak check of this box and do not find.
This pair erythrocyte capture program comprises that a preparatory collection circulation, a collection circulation, a later stage collection circulate and a storage preparation circulation.Gathering cycle period in advance, before venipuncture, installing 264 air-outs at first.Gathering cycle period, handling the whole blood extracted out from blood donors, simultaneously blood plasma is being returned to blood donors to gather the erythrocyte of two units.Gather cycle period in the later stage, unnecessary blood plasma is returned to blood donors, and this device is full of normal saline.Prepare cycle period in storage, add a kind of erythrocyte storing solution.
1. gather circulation in advance
A. anticoagulant perfusion
Gathering circulation in advance in the phase I (AC perfusion 1), pipe 200 clamped the closing (referring to Figure 10) of guiding fleams 268.This blood treatment loop 46 (being applied to through the pressure selectivity on the valve and pumping plant of box) is programmed handling blood donors interface pump PP3, thus through anticoagulant pipe 270 extract anticoagulants and through Y adapter 272 upward to blood donors pipe 266 (for example going out) through valve V13 entering and through valve V11.The air that this loop also is programmed will remain in anticoagulant pipe 270, blood donors pipe 266 and the box is transported to the container 312 in the processing.The air detectors 298 that this stage continues to carry out up to along blood donors pipe 266 detects liquid, guarantees the pump function of blood donors interface pump PP3.
In the second stage of gathering circulation (AC perfusion 2) in advance, this loop is programmed to handle anticoagulant pump PP4 anticoagulant is delivered into container handling 312.Weight in the container handling changes.AC perfusion 2 stops when anticoagulant pump PP4 is delivered into the anticoagulant (for example 10g) of predetermined in the container handling 312, thereby has guaranteed its pump function.
B. the perfusion of normal saline
In the phase III of gathering circulation (normal saline perfusion 1) in advance, process chamber 46 keeps static.The loop is programmed to handle and handles pumping plant PP1 from normal saline container 288, to extract normal saline through handling pump PP1.This just produces a normal saline through the reverse flow of immobilized process chamber 46 towards the container of handling 312.Therefore, normal saline is extracted through process chamber 46 through valve V14 and from normal saline container 288, is entered into processing pump PP1.This normal saline is through valve 9 312 discharges from pumping plant PP1 towards the container of handling.Monitor out the weight change in the physiology saline container 288.This stage stops under the situation that the predetermined weight of noting normal saline container 288 changes, and this just representes that the normal saline volume of carrying is enough to be full of at first only about half of (for example about 60g) of process chamber 46.
Along with process chamber 46 has been full of half the dabbling normal saline, begin to gather in advance circulation stage (normal saline perfusion 2).Process chamber 46 low speed (for example about 300RPM) rotate, and coincidence circuit continues to carry out work with same mode in normal saline perfusion 3.Extra normal saline is drawn into pumping plant PP1 through valve V14 and is discharged from pumping plant PP1 and gets into through valve V9 and manages everywhere in the container 312.Weight change in the monitoring container handling 312.This stage stops under the situation that the predetermined weight of noting normal saline container 288 changes, and this just representes that the normal saline volume of carrying is enough to be full of basically process chamber 46 (for example about 80g).
In the five-stage of gathering circulation (normal saline perfusion 3) in advance; The loop is programmed at first to handle the pumping plant PP1 that is handling, and transports from handling the normal saline of container 312 and turning back to normal saline container 288 through blood plasma pumping plant PP2 with all output ports through separation equipment.This has just accomplished process chamber 46 and the perfusion (advance and go out through valve V14 pumping through valve V9 pumping) of the pumping plant PP1 that handling, has poured into the blood plasma pumping plant simultaneously, and valve V7, V6, V10 and V12 be open to let normal saline flow passively.In the meantime, process chamber 46 speed of rotating 0 and 300RPM between linear change continuously.Weight change in the monitoring container handling 312.When having carried the normal saline of predetermined initial volume by this way; The loop is programmed to close V7, to open valve V9 and V14; And begin normal saline to be pumped into normal saline container 288 through blood plasma pump PP2; Get into and go out through valve V12, handle pump PP1 thereby normal saline can be flowed through passively through valve V10.Normal saline turns back to normal saline container 288 by this way from container handling 312, the normal saline of the minimum volume of representing up to weight induction to preset enters into this container handling 312.
Gathering the 6th stage of circulation (discharging the blood donors pipeline) in advance; This loop be programmed with before the venipuncture through handle blood donors interface pump PP3 with the anticoagulant pumping through anticoagulant pump PP4 and get into and manage everywhere in the container 312, thereby emptying is from the air of venipuncture needle.
Gathering in advance in the 7th stage of circulation (venipuncture), this loop is programmed with closeall valve V1 to V23, so just can accomplish venipuncture.
Design gathering the loop of cycle period in advance is summarized in the following table.
Table
Gathering the program setting of cycle period in advance to the blood treatment loop
(two erythrocyte capture program)
| | AC perfusion | 1 | |
|
|
|
Emptying blood donors pipeline | Venipuncture |
| V1 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V2 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V3 | 。 | 。 | · | · | · | 。 | · | |
| V4 | · | · | 。 | · | · | · | · | |
| V5 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V6 | · | · | · | · | 。 | · | · | |
| V7 | · | · | · | · | 。 | · | · | |
| V8 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V9 | · | · | 。/ pump | / pump | / pump into ( |
|||
| V10 | ( |
|||||||
| V11 | / pump | · | · | · | 。/ pump into | |||
| V12 | ( |
|||||||
| V13 | / pump into | · | · | · | 。/ pump | |||
| V14 | / pump into | / pump into | / pump ( |
|||||
| V15 | 。/ pump into and pump | · | ||||||
| V16 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V17 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V18 | 。 | 。 | · | · | · | 。 | · | |
| V19 | 。 | 。 | · | · | · | 。 | · | |
| V20 | 。 | 。/ pump and pump into | · | |||||
| V21 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V22 | · | · | 。 | 。 | 。 | · | · | |
| V23 | · | · | 。 | 。 | 。 | |||
| PP1 | ■ | ■ | (stage 1) | ■ | ■ | |||
| PP2 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | (stage 2) | ■ | ■ | |
| PP3 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | |||
| PP4 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
[0242]Explain:.Represent an open valve; The valve that expression one is closed; / be illustrated in the valve of opening and closing during the pumping program; ■ representes an idle pumping plant (using); And representes in use a pumping plant.
C. gather circulation
I. hemoperfusion
Through venipuncture, open the conduit 300 that leads to fleams 268.Gathering the circulation phase I (hemoperfusion 1), the program (through pressure to the valve of box or the selectively acting on the pumping plant) of setting blood treatment loop 46 control blood donors interface pump PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V13 and discharge logical valve V11) and anticoagulant pump PP4 (promptly get into logical valve V20 with discharge lead to valve V15) with through blood transfusion tube 270 with anticoagulated blood suction processor 312 in.Because the monitoring of weight sensor, so the anticoagulated whole blood that this stage can continue to carry out until increment gets into container handling 312.
At next stage (hemoperfusion 2), set the program in blood treatment loop 46 and come control treatment pumping plant PP1, with from container handling 312, extract anticoagulation through segregation apparatus.During this stage, make normal saline return blood donors by the blood exchange.This stage is injected segregation apparatus with anticoagulated whole blood.Because the monitoring of weight sensor, so the anticoagulated whole blood that this stage can continue to carry out until increment leaves container handling 312.
B. extracting whole blood or do not extracting the blood separation that whole blood carries out simultaneously
In blood collection circulation next stage (blood separation extracts whole blood simultaneously), the program of setting blood treatment loop 46 is to handle blood donors interface pump PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V13 and discharge logical valve V11); Anticoagulant pump PP4 (promptly get into logical valve V20 and discharge logical valve V15); Handle pumping plant PP1 (promptly get into logical valve V9 and discharge logical valve V14) and blood plasma pump PP2 (promptly get into logical valve V12 and discharge logical valve V10).This structure can be imported process chamber with blood so that separate from container handling 312 simultaneously with anticoagulated blood suction container handling 312.This structure also can extract blood plasma and send into blood plasma container 304 from process chamber, from process chamber, extract erythrocyte simultaneously and send into erythrocyte container 308.This stage will continue to carry out to be collected in blood plasma collection container 304 (by the weight sensor monitoring) or to be collected in (in the weight sensor monitoring) in the erythrocyte collection container until the erythrocyte of aim parameter until increment blood plasma.
If before the blood plasma of having gathered aim parameter or erythrocyte; Botal blood volume in the container handling 312 reaches predetermined maximum threshold; Should be another stage so sets the program (in the blood separation of not extracting under the whole blood situation) in said loop, (goes back shut off valve V13 simultaneously, V11 so that stop the operation of blood donors interface pumping plant PP3; V18 and V13) with the collection of whole blood in the termination container 312, still continue the separation of blood simultaneously.If during blood separation; Botal blood volume reaches predetermined minimum threshold in container handling 312; But before gathering the blood plasma or erythrocyte of aim parameter, the loop is programmed returning the stage that blood separation extracts whole blood simultaneously, thereby allows whole blood to get into container handling 312.Set the program in loop; With at the blood plasma of gathering necessary amounts or before the erythrocyte of gathering aim parameter; Whichever takes place earlier; All can be according to the high and low threshold value of container handling 312, extract simultaneously between the stage of whole blood and stage that blood separation does not extract whole blood simultaneously in blood separation and to switch.
C. return blood plasma and normal saline
If also do not collect the erythrocyte of aim parameter, then blood collection circulation next stage (returning blood plasma through separation) programming blood treatment loop 46, to handle blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13); Handle pumping plant PP1 (promptly get into logical valve V9 and discharge logical valve V14) and blood plasma pump PP2 (promptly get into logical valve V12 and discharge logical valve V10).This structure is conveyed into process chamber with the whole blood of anti-agglomeration so that separate from container handling 312, extracts blood plasma simultaneously and sends into blood plasma container 304 and extract erythrocyte and send in the erythrocyte container 308.This structure also can be delivered to blood donors with blood plasma from blood plasma container 304, also with online mode the normal saline from container 288 is mixed with the blood plasma that returns simultaneously.The on-line mixing of normal saline and blood plasma can improve the temperature of normal saline and improve the comfortableness of blood donors.Because the monitoring of weight sensor, this stage will continue to carry out until blood plasma container 304 emptyings.
If before blood plasma container 304 emptyings; Botal blood volume in container handling 312 reaches the low threshold value of regulation; Then the loop is programmed to get into another stage (under not separation situation, returning blood plasma); Thereby the operation of termination pump PP1 (going back shut off valve V9 simultaneously, V10, V12 and V14) is to stop blood separation.This stage continues to carry out until blood plasma container 304 emptyings.
In case emptying blood plasma container 304; The loop is programmed to get into such stage (filling the blood donors pipeline); Fill blood donors flexible pipe 266 so that handle blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13) to extract whole blood from container handling 312; Thereby purify blood plasma (mixing), think that circulation of another extraction whole blood is got ready with normal saline.
Subsequently, the loop is programmed to carry out another blood separation and extracts the stage of whole blood simultaneously, so that recharge container handling 312.In succession blood separation with return blood plasma in the stage to the loop setting program till weight sensor is illustrated in the erythrocyte that has collected aequum in the erythrocyte collection container 308.When also not gathering the erythrocyte of aim parameter, then begin the later stage collection.
Following table has been summarized the loop programming during gathering the cycle stage.
Table
Program setting in the blood treatment loop of gathering cycle period
(two erythrocyte capture program)
| | Hemoperfusion | 1 | |
Blood separation extracts whole blood (not extracting whole blood) simultaneously | Return blood plasma/separation (not separating) | Fill up the blood donors pipeline |
| V1 | · | · | · | · | 。 | |
| V2 | · | · | 。 | 。(·) | · | |
| V3 | 。 | · | 。(·) | · | · | |
| V4 | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V5 | · | · | 。 | 。 | · | |
| V6 | · | · | · | 。/ exchange with V23 | ||
| V7 | · | · | 。 | |||
| V8 | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V9 | · | 。/ pump into | / pump into | / pump into () | ||
| V10 | / pump | / pump () | ||||
| V11 | / pump | 。/ pump () | / pump into | / pump into | ||
| V12 | / pump into | / pump into () | ||||
| V13 | / pump into | 。/ pump into () | / pump | / pump | ||
| V14 | / pump | / pump | / pump () | |||
| V15 | / pump | / pump () | ||||
| V16 | ||||||
| V17 | ||||||
| V18 | 。 | 。(·) | 。 | 。 | ||
| V19 | 。 | · | 。(·) | · | · | |
| V20 | 。/ pump | / pump into () | ||||
| V21 | ||||||
| V22 | · | |||||
| V23 | · | · | · | 。/ exchange with V6 | ||
| PP1 | ■ | (■) | ■ | |||
| PP2 | ■ | ■ | (■) | ■ | ||
| PP3 | ■ | (■) | ||||
| PP4 | ■ | (■) | ■ | ■ |
[0260]Explain:.Represent an open valve; The valve that expression one is closed; / be illustrated in the valve of opening and closing during the pumping program; ■ representes an idle pumping plant (using); And representes in use a pumping plant.
D. the later stage is gathered circulation
In case collected the erythrocyte (by the weight sensor monitoring) of aim parameter, the loop is programmed to carry out the later stage and gathers the cycle stage.
1. return excessive blood plasma
Gather the circulation phase I (excessive blood plasma returns) in the later stage; The loop is programmed to stop blood to the supply of process chamber with from the extraction of process chamber; Simultaneously, operation blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13) is delivered to blood donors with the blood plasma that will be kept in the blood plasma container 304.The program of also setting the loop in this stage is so that from the normal saline of container 288 and the blood plasma on-line mixing of returning.Because the monitoring of weight sensor, this stage program continues to carry out until emptying blood plasma container 304.
2. the purification of normal saline
Gather circulation next stage (purification of normal saline) in the later stage; The program in setting loop is handled blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and lead to valve V13 with discharge) and is passed through segregation apparatus with the normal saline that transports from container 288; Exchange in the container handling 312 with blood constitutent, get ready thereby return blood donors for them with segregation apparatus.This stage has reduced the loss of blood donors blood.Because the monitoring of weight sensor, this stage continues to carry out going out until the segregation apparatus pumping normal saline of scheduled volume.
3. finally return blood donors
Gather circulation next stage (finally returning) in the later stage, set the program in loop and operate blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13), so that the blood constitutent in the container handling 312 is delivered to blood donors.Normal saline is intermittently mixed with blood constitutent.Because the monitoring of weight sensor, this stage continues to carry out until container handling 312 emptyings.
In next stage (fluid communication), set the program in loop and operate blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13), so that normal saline is delivered to blood donors.Because the monitoring of weight sensor, this stage continues to carry out until injecting predetermined exchange volume.
Gather circulation next stage (emptying of container handling) in the later stage; Set the program in loop and operate blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13); So that whole remaining contents in the container handling 312 are delivered to blood donors, so that get ready for the content of in container 308 and 312, storing in the separation of red blood cells container 308.Because the monitoring of weight sensor, the reading that this stage continues to carry out until container handling 312 is zero, and air detectors detects air.
In this stage, the loop is programmed to close all valves and to make all pumping plants be in idle state, so that can remove fleams 268 from blood donors.
In following table, summarized the loop programming during the later stage is gathered the cycle stage.
Table
(two erythrocyte capture program)
| Stage | Excessive blood plasma returns | Normal saline purifies | Finally return | Fluid communication | Emptying in container handling |
| V1 | · | · | 。 | · | 。 |
| V2 | · | · | · | · | · |
| V3 | · | · | · | · | · |
| V4 | · | 。 | · | · | · |
| V5 | 。 | · | · | · | · |
| V6 | 。/ exchange with V23 | ||||
| V7 | / exchange with V23 | ||||
| V8 | · | · | · | · | · |
| V9 | 。 | 。 | · | · | · |
| V10 | · | · | · | · | · |
| V11 | 。/ pump into | / pump into/pump | / pump into | / pump into | / pump into |
| V12 | |||||
| V13 | / pump | / pump | / pump | / pump | |
| V14 | · | · | · | ||
| V15 | · | · | · | · | · |
| V16 | · | · | · | · | · |
| V17 | · | · | · | · | · |
| V18 | 。 | · | 。 | 。 | 。 |
| V19 | · | · | · | · | · |
| V20 | · | · | · | · | · |
| V21 | · | · | · | · | · |
| V22 | 。 | 。 | 。 | 。 | · |
| V23 | 。/ exchange with V6 | 。/ exchange with V7 | · | ||
| PP1 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
| PP2 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
| PP3 | □ | □ | □ | □ | □ |
| PP4 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
[0276]Explain:.Represent an open valve; Represent a shut off valve; / be illustrated in opening and closing valve during the pumping program; ■ representes an idle pumping plant (using); And representes in use a pumping plant.
E. circulation is prepared in storage
1. separate RBC
Prepare the circulation phase I (separating RBC) in storage, the loop is programmed with operation blood donors interface pumping plant PP3, so that the content of half amount in the erythrocyte collection container 308 is sent into container handling 312.Pump output is by the weight sensor monitoring of container 308 and 312.
2. add the RBC antiseptic
Prepare circulation next stage (storing solution is added into container handling and storing solution is added into the erythrocyte collection container) in storage; Set the program in loop and handle blood donors interface pumping plant PP3; With at first from container 280 with the erythrocyte storing solution of aequum input container handling 312, and subsequently with its input erythrocyte collection container 308.The conveying of aequum is monitored by platform scale.
In next stage and terminal stage (termination routine), the loop is programmed closing all valves and all pumping plants are left unused, so that can separate and remove erythrocyte container 308 and 312 for storage.At this moment, can remove and the remainder of discarded disposable apparatus.
In following table general description during the cycle stage is prepared in storage the program setting in loop.
Table
Prepare the program setting in cycle period blood treatment loop in storage
(two erythrocyte capture program)
| Stage | Between RBC collection and container handling, separate RBC | Storing solution is added to container handling | Storing solution is added to the RBC collection container | Termination routine (cancellation venipuncture) |
| V1 | · | · | · | · |
| V2 | 。 | · | 。 | · |
| V3 | 。/ with the exchange of V11 and V4 | · | · | |
| V4 | 。/ with the exchange of V11 and V4 | · | ||
| V5 | · | · | · | · |
| V6 | · | · | · | · |
| V7 | · | · | · | · |
| V8 | · | · | · | · |
| V9 | · | · | · | · |
| V10 | · | · | · | · |
| V11 | 。/ pump into/pump | / pump into/pump | / pump into/pump | |
| V12 | ||||
| V13 | ||||
| V14 | ||||
| V15 | ||||
| V16 | 。 | · | ||
| V17 | · | · | · | · |
| V18 | · | · | · | · |
| V19 | · | · | · | · |
| V20 | · | · | · | · |
| V21 | · | 。 | 。 | · |
| V22 | · | · | · | · |
| V23 | · | · | · | · |
| PP1 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
| PP2 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
| PP3 | □ | □ | □ | ■ |
| PP4 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
Explain:.Represent an open valve; The valve that expression one is closed; / be illustrated in the valve of opening and closing during the pumping program; ■ representes an idle pumping plant (using); And representes in use a pumping plant.
F. sampled plasma (no erythrocyte collection)
During this program, carry out centrifugal treating and think that from the whole blood of a blood donors collection provides the blood plasma that reaches 880ml.Make all erythrocyte return blood donors.This program is called as plasma collection procedure in shorthand.
The program setting in blood treatment loop 46 (through the selectively acting of pressure to valve in the case and pumping plant) can use and two identical fexible units 264 of erythrocyte capture program.
Said program comprises that one gathers circulation in advance, and one gathers circulation, and a later stage is gathered circulation.
Gathering cycle period in advance, device 264 is with air-out before venipuncture.Gathering cycle period, handling the whole blood that extracts from blood donors, simultaneously erythrocyte is being returned blood donors to gather blood plasma.Gather circulation in the later stage, excessive blood plasma is returned blood donors, and be full of said device with normal saline.
1. gather circulation in advance
A. the perfusion of anticoagulant
In the preparatory collection circulation of sampled plasma (no erythrocyte) program, box be programmed with carry out with two erythrocyte capture programs in AC perfusion 1 and AC pour into 2 stages identical AC perfusion 1 and AC and poured into for 2 stages.
B. the perfusion of normal saline
Pretreatment circulation in sampled plasma (no erythrocyte) program; Box was programmed with the perfusion 3 of the perfusion 2 of the perfusion 1 of carrying out normal saline, normal saline and normal saline, emptying blood donors pipeline, and venipuncture stage, and perfusion 3, the emptying blood donors pipeline of the perfusion 1 of the normal saline in these stages and the two erythrocyte capture programs, the perfusion 2 of normal saline, normal saline, to reach the venipuncture stage identical.
In following form general description during in advance gathering the cycle stage program setting in loop.
Table
During preparatory acquisition phase to the program setting in blood treatment loop
(plasma collection procedure)
| | AC perfusion | 1 | |
|
|
|
Emptying blood donors pipeline | Venipuncture |
| V1 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V2 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V3 | 。 | 。 | · | · | · | 。 | · | |
| V4 | · | · | 。 | · | · | · | · | |
| V5 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V6 | · | · | · | · | 。 | · | · | |
| V7 | · | · | · | · | 。 | · | · | |
| V8 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V9 | · | · | 。/ pump | / pump | / pump into ( |
|||
| V10 | ( |
|||||||
| V11 | / pump | · | · | · | 。/ pump into | |||
| V12 | ( |
|||||||
| V13 | / pump into | · | · | · | 。/ pump | |||
| V14 | / pump into | / pump into | / pump ( |
|||||
| V15 | 。/ pump into and pump | · | ||||||
| V16 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V17 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V18 | 。 | 。 | · | · | · | 。 | · | |
| V19 | 。 | 。 | · | · | · | 。 | · | |
| V20 | 。 | 。/ pump and pump into | · | |||||
| V21 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V22 | · | · | 。 | 。 | 。 | · | · | |
| V23 | · | · | 。 | 。 | 。 | |||
| PP1 | ■ | ■ | (stage 1) | ■ | ■ | |||
| PP2 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | (stage 2) | ■ | ■ | |
| PP3 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | |||
| PP4 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
Explain:.Represent an open valve; The valve that expression one is closed; / be illustrated in the valve of opening and closing during the pumping program; ■ representes an idle pumping plant (using); And representes in use a pumping plant.
2. gather circulation
A. hemoperfusion
Through venipuncture, open the conduit 300 that leads to fleams 268.Gathering the circulation phase I (hemoperfusion 1); Set the program in blood treatment loop 46 and handle blood donors interface pump PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V13 and discharge logical valve V11) and anticoagulant pump PP4 (promptly get into logical valve V20 and discharge logical valve V15), thus with the identical mode of having described of pair 1 stages of erythrocyte capture program hemoperfusion that is used for through blood transfusion tube 270 with anticoagulated blood suction processor 312 in.
At next stage (hemoperfusion 2); The program of setting blood treatment loop 46 is handled and is handled pumping plant PP1, thus with the identical mode of having described of two 2 stages of erythrocyte capture program hemoperfusion that is used for from container handling 312, extract anticoagulated blood through segregation apparatus.During this stage, make normal saline return blood donors by the blood exchange.
B. blood separation extracts whole blood simultaneously or does not extract whole blood
In blood collection circulation next stage (blood separation extracts whole blood simultaneously); Set the program in blood treatment loop 46, thereby to separate and extract identical mode of whole blood stage simultaneously and handle blood donors interface pump PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V13 and discharge logical valve V11) with two erythrocyte capture program hemoperfusions that are used for of having described; Anticoagulant pump PP4 (promptly get into logical valve V20 and discharge logical valve V15); Handle pump PP1 (promptly get into logical valve V9 and discharge logical valve V14) and blood plasma pump PP2 (promptly get into logical valve V12 and discharge logical valve V10).This structure can be imported process chamber with blood so that separate from container handling 312 simultaneously with anticoagulated blood suction container handling 312.This structure also can extract blood plasma and send into blood plasma container 304 from process chamber, from process chamber, extract erythrocyte simultaneously and send into erythrocyte container 308.This stage will continue to carry out blood plasma until aim parameter and be collected in blood plasma collection container 304 (by the monitoring of weight sensor) or be collected in (by the monitoring of weight sensor) in the erythrocyte collection container until the erythrocyte of aim parameter.
As in two erythrocyte capture programs; If before the blood plasma of having gathered aim parameter or erythrocyte, the botal blood volume in the container handling 312 reaches predetermined maximum threshold, and the program that should set said loop so is to get into another stage (in the blood separation of not extracting under the whole blood situation); (go back shut off valve V13 simultaneously so that stop the operation of blood donors interface pumping plant PP3; V11, V18 and V13) with the collection of whole blood in the termination container 312, still continue the separation of blood simultaneously.If during blood separation; Botal blood volume reaches predetermined minimum threshold in container handling 312; But before gathering the blood plasma or erythrocyte of aim parameter, the program of setting the loop to be returning the stage that blood separation extracts whole blood simultaneously, thereby allows container handling 312 is recharged.The program of setting the loop is with at the blood plasma of gathering necessary amounts or before the erythrocyte of gathering aim parameter; Whichever takes place earlier; According to the high and low threshold value in the container handling 312, extract whole blood simultaneously and between the stage of not extracting whole blood, switch in blood separation.
C. return erythrocyte/normal saline
If also do not gather the blood plasma of aim parameter, then blood collection circulation next stage (having the isolating erythrocyte that returns) programming blood treatment loop 46, to handle blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13); Handle pumping plant PP1 (promptly get into logical valve V9 and discharge logical valve V14) and blood plasma pump PP2 (promptly get into logical valve V12 and discharge logical valve V10).This structure is conveyed into process chamber with the whole blood of anti-agglomeration so that separate from container handling 312, extracts blood plasma simultaneously and sends into blood plasma container 304 and extract erythrocyte and send in the erythrocyte container 308.This structure also can be delivered to blood donors with erythrocyte from erythrocyte container 308.Also the normal saline from container 288 is mixed with the erythrocyte that returns simultaneously with online mode.Normal saline and erythrocytic on-line mixing can improve the temperature of normal saline and improve the comfortableness of blood donors.Normal saline and erythrocytic on-line mixing also can reduce the erythrocytic haematocrit that is returned to blood donors, thereby allow to use the fleams of big specification (promptly than minor diameter), thereby further improve the comfortableness of blood donors.Because the control of weight sensor, this stage will continue to carry out until 308 emptyings of erythrocyte container.
If before 308 emptyings of erythrocyte container; Botal blood volume in container handling 312 reaches the low threshold value of regulation; Then the loop is programmed to get into another stage (erythrocyte returns under not separation situation); So that the operation of termination pumping plant PP1 (going back shut off valve V9 simultaneously, V10, V12 and V14) is to stop blood separation.This stage continues to carry out until 308 emptyings of erythrocyte container.
In case emptying erythrocyte container 308; The loop is programmed to get into another stage (filling the blood donors pipeline); Fill blood donors flexible pipe 266 so that handle blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13) to extract whole bloods, think that circulation of another extraction whole blood gets ready thereby purify erythrocyte (mixing) with normal saline from container handling 312.
Subsequently, the loop is programmed to carry out another blood separation and extracts the stage of whole blood simultaneously, so that recharge container handling 312.As described, the loop is programmed the continuous drawing whole blood and returns erythrocyte/normal saline circulation, till weight sensor is illustrated in the blood plasma that has collected desired quantity in the blood plasma collection container 304.When collecting the blood plasma of aim parameter, the collection circulation of beginning later stage,
Following table has been summarized the programming in the loop during gathering the cycle stage.
Table
Gathering the program setting of cycle period to the blood treatment loop
(plasma collection procedure)
| | Hemoperfusion | 1 | |
Blood separation extracts whole blood (not extracting whole blood) simultaneously | Under the situation of separating (not separating), return erythrocyte/normal saline | Fill the blood donors pipeline |
| V1 | · | · | · | · | 。 | |
| V2 | · | · | 。 | 。 | · | |
| V3 | 。 | · | 。(·) | · | · | |
| V4 | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V5 | · | · | 。 | 。(·) | · | |
| V6 | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V7 | · | 。 | · | 。/ exchange with V23 | ||
| V8 | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V9 | · | 。/ pump into | / pump into | / pump into () | ||
| V10 | / pump | / pump () | ||||
| V11 | / pump | 。/ pump () | / pump into | / pump into | ||
| V12 | / pump into | / pump into () | ||||
| V13 | / pump into | 。/ pump into () | / pump | / pump | ||
| V14 | / pump | / pump | / pump () | |||
| V15 | / pump | / pump () | ||||
| V16 | ||||||
| V17 | ||||||
| V18 | 。 | 。(·) | 。 | 。 | ||
| V19 | 。 | · | 。(·) | · | · | |
| V20 | 。/ pump | / pump into () | ||||
| V21 | ||||||
| V22 | · | |||||
| V23 | · | · | · | 。/ exchange with V7 | ||
| PP1 | ■ | (■) | ■ | |||
| PP2 | ■ | ■ | (■) | ■ | ||
| PP3 | ■ | (■) | ||||
| PP4 | ■ | (■) | ■ | ■ |
[0322]Explain:.Represent an open valve; The valve that expression one is closed; / be illustrated in the valve of opening and closing during the pumping program; ■ representes an idle pumping plant (using); And representes in use a pumping plant.
D. the later stage is gathered circulation
In case collected the blood plasma (by the weight sensor monitoring) of aim parameter, the loop is programmed to carry out the later stage and gathers the circulation stage.
3. return excessive erythrocyte
Gather the circulation phase I (dismounting blood plasma collection container) in the later stage, the loop is programmed with closeall valve and stops using all pumping plants, to allow separating of blood plasma collection container 304 and device 264.
Gather circulation second stage (returning erythrocyte) in the later stage, the loop is programmed with operation blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13), so that remaining erythrocyte in the erythrocyte collection container 308 is delivered to blood donors.Also be programmed so that from the normal saline of container 288 and the blood plasma on-line mixing of returning in this stage loop.Because the monitoring of weight sensor, this stage program continues to carry out until emptying erythrocyte container 308.
4. the purification of normal saline
Gather circulation next stage (purification of normal saline) in the later stage; The loop is programmed to handle blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13) passes through segregation apparatus with the normal saline that transports from container 288; So that the blood constitutent of segregation apparatus is exchanged in the container handling 312, gets ready thereby return blood donors for them.This stage has reduced the loss of blood donors blood.Because the monitoring of weight sensor, this stage continues to carry out going out until the segregation apparatus pumping normal saline of scheduled volume.
5. finally return blood donors
Gather circulation next stage (finally returning) in the later stage, the loop is programmed with operation blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13), so that the blood constitutent in the container handling 312 is delivered to blood donors.Normal saline is intermittently mixed with blood constitutent.Because the monitoring of weight sensor, this stage continues to carry out until container handling 312 emptyings.
In next stage (fluid communication); The loop is programmed with operation blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13); So that normal saline is delivered to blood donors, because the monitoring of weight sensor, this stage continues to carry out the exchange volume until injecting regulation.
At terminal stage (termination routine), the loop is programmed with closeall valve and makes all pumping plants idle, so that can stop venipuncture, and separates and removes blood plasma container for storage.And can remove and the remainder of discarded disposable apparatus.
The programming of in following table, having summarized loop during the later stage is gathered the cycle stage.
Table
Gather the program setting of cycle period in the later stage to the blood treatment loop
(plasma collection procedure)
| Stage | Remove blood plasma collection container | Return RBC | The purification of normal saline | Finally return | Fluid communication | Termination routine |
| V1 | · | · | · | 。 | · | · |
| V2 | · | 。 | · | · | · | · |
| V3 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V4 | · | · | 。 | · | · | · |
| V5 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V6 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V7 | · | 。/ exchange with V23 | / exchange with V23 | |||
| V8 | ||||||
| V9 | 。 | · | · | · | ||
| V10 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V11 | · | 。/ pump into | / pump into/pump | / pump into | / pump into | |
| V12 | ||||||
| V13 | / pump | / pump | / pump | |||
| V14 | · | · | · | |||
| V15 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V16 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V17 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V18 | · | ? | · | 。 | 。 | · |
| V19 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V20 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V21 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V22 | · | 。 | 。 | · | 。 | · |
| V23 | · | 。/ exchange with V6 | 。/ exchange with V7 | · | ||
| PP1 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
| PP2 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
| PP3 | ■ | □ | □ | □ | □ | ? |
| PP4 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ? |
Explain:.Represent an open valve; The valve that expression one is closed; / be illustrated in the valve of opening and closing during the pumping program; ■ representes an idle pumping plant (using); And representes in use a pumping plant.
G. the collection of erythrocyte and blood plasma
During this program, carry out the whole blood of centrifugal treating, with the blood plasma of gathering about 550ml and the erythrocyte that reaches about 250ml from a blood donors.This program is called as the capture program of erythrocyte/blood plasma in shorthand.
During blood separation, make not to be that the erythrocyte of preserving for collection partly returns blood donors cyclicity.Last in this program, the erythrocyte that surpasses the blood plasma of 550ml target and surpass the 250ml target also is returned blood donors.
The program setting in blood treatment loop 46 (through the selectively acting of pressure to valve in the box and pumping plant) can use and carry out two erythrocyte collections or the identical fexible unit 264 of plasma collection procedure.
Said program comprises that one gathers circulation in advance, and one gathers circulation, and a later stage is gathered circulation, and circulation is prepared in a storage.
Gathering cycle period in advance, device 264 is air-out before venipuncture.Gathering cycle period, handling the whole blood that extracts from blood donors, simultaneously a part of erythrocyte is being returned blood donors to gather blood plasma and erythrocyte.Gather circulation in the later stage, excessive blood plasma and erythrocyte are returned blood donors, and be full of said device with normal saline.Prepare circulation in storage, a kind of erythrocyte storing solution is added in the erythrocyte of being gathered.
(1) gathers circulation in advance
A. the perfusion of anticoagulant
In the preparatory collection circulation of erythrocyte/plasma collection procedure, the program of setting case with carry out with two erythrocyte capture programs in AC perfusion 1 and AC pour into 2 stages identical AC perfusion 1 and AC and poured into for 2 stages.
B. the perfusion of normal saline
Pretreatment circulation at erythrocyte/plasma collection procedure; Box is programmed with the perfusion 3 of the perfusion 2 of the perfusion 1 of carrying out normal saline, normal saline, normal saline, emptying blood donors pipeline, and stage of venipuncture, and perfusion 3, the emptying blood donors pipeline of the perfusion 2 of the perfusion 1 of normal saline, normal saline, normal saline in these stages and the two erythrocyte capture programs, to reach stage of venipuncture identical.
In following table general description during in advance gathering the cycle stage program setting in loop.
Table
During preparatory acquisition phase to the program setting in blood treatment loop
(erythrocyte/plasma collection procedure)
| | AC perfusion | 1 | |
|
|
|
Emptying blood donors pipeline | Venipuncture |
| V1 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V2 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V3 | 。 | 。 | · | · | · | 。 | · | |
| V4 | · | · | 。 | · | · | · | · | |
| V5 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V6 | · | · | · | · | 。 | · | · | |
| V7 | · | · | · | · | 。 | · | · | |
| V8 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V9 | · | · | 。/ pump | / pump | / pump into ( |
|||
| V10 | ( |
|||||||
| V11 | / pump | · | · | · | 。/ pump into | |||
| V12 | ( |
|||||||
| V13 | / pump into | · | · | · | 。/ pump | |||
| V14 | / pump into | / pump into | / pump ( |
|||||
| V15 | 。/ pump into and pump | · | ||||||
| V16 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V17 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V1 8 | 。 | 。 | · | · | · | 。 | · | |
| V19 | 。 | 。 | · | · | · | 。 | · | |
| V20 | 。 | 。/ pump and pump into | · | |||||
| V21 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V22 | · | · | 。 | 。 | 。 | · | · | |
| V23 | · | · | 。 | 。 | 。 | |||
| PP1 | ■ | ■ | (stage 1) | ■ | ■ | |||
| PP2 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | (stage 2) | ■ | ■ | |
| PP3 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | |||
| PP4 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
[0356]Explain:.Represent an open valve; The valve that expression one is closed; / be illustrated in the valve of opening and closing during the pumping program; ■ representes an idle pumping plant (using); And representes in use a pumping plant.
2. gather circulation
A. hemoperfusion
Through venipuncture, open the conduit 300 that leads to fleams 268.The collection cycle programming loop of erythrocyte/plasma collection procedure with carry out with two erythrocyte capture programs of having described in hemoperfusion 1 hemoperfusion 1 and hemoperfusion 2 stages identical with 2 stages of hemoperfusion.
B. blood separation is taken out whole blood simultaneously or is not taken out whole blood
In the circulation of the blood collection of erythrocyte/plasma collection procedure, the programming loop with two erythrocyte capture programs are carried out blood separation and extract identical mode of whole blood stage simultaneously and take out the stage that whole blood carries out blood separation simultaneously.This structure is used for isolating process chamber with blood from container handling 312 inputs simultaneously with in the anticoagulation suction container handling 312.This structure also moves into blood plasma container 304 with blood plasma from process chamber, simultaneously erythrocyte is moved into erythrocyte container 308 from container handling.This stage carries out being collected in (by the weight sensor monitoring) in blood plasma and erythrocyte collection container 304 and 308 until the blood plasma of required maximum and erythrocyte always.
With identical in two erythrocyte capture programs and plasma collection procedure; If before the blood plasma or erythrocyte of gathering aim parameter, the volume of whole blood reaches predetermined maximum limit in the container handling 312, shut off valve V13 (is gone back simultaneously to get into a termination blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 in the loop of then programming; V11; V18 and V13) stage of operation, with the collection of whole blood in the termination container 312, still continue simultaneously blood separation.If the volume of whole blood reaches the predetermined least limit in the container handling 312 in the blood separation program, but before the blood plasma or erythrocyte of gathering target volume, the programming loop is extracted to return blood separation and whole blood, thereby recharges container handling 312.The programming loop with according to the height amount limit in the container handling 312 in the blood separation circulation of extracting whole blood with do not take out between the blood separation circulation of whole blood and switch, gathered required maximum blood plasma and erythrocyte up to.
C. return erythrocyte and normal saline
If also do not collect the blood plasma of aim parameter; And the erythrocyte of gathering in the erythrocyte collection container 308 surpasses predetermined maximum limit, and then the next stage of blood collection circulation (under separation case, returning erythrocyte) programming blood treatment loop 46 is with operation blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13); Handle pump PP1 (promptly get into logical valve V9 and discharge logical valve V14); With blood plasma pump PP2 (promptly get into logical valve V12 and discharge logical valve V10).This structure continues anticoagulated whole blood is used for isolating process chamber from container handling 312 inputs, will extract blood plasma input blood plasma container 304 simultaneously and extract erythrocyte input erythrocyte container 308.All or part of erythrocyte that this structure also will be captured in the erythrocyte container 308 is delivered to blood donors.This structure also will be from normal saline in the container 288 and the erythrocyte that returns on-line mixing.This normal saline and erythrocytic on-line mixing raise normal saline temperature and improved the comfortableness of blood donors.This normal saline and erythrocytic on-line mixing have also reduced the erythrocytic haematocrit that is returned blood donors, thereby allow the fleams of use than high range (promptly than minor diameter), with the comfortableness of further raising blood donors.
Because weight sensor detects, this stage can continue to carry out, till 308 emptyings of erythrocyte container, thereby with plasma collection procedure under separation case to return the erythrocyte stage corresponding.But blood processor should be confirmed to need to gather how many additional blood plasma to satisfy the aim parameter of blood plasma.Thus, blood processor is derived and the relevant erythrocyte increment of plasma volume that increases.In this structure, the erythrocyte that blood processor will part amount returns to blood donors, therefore, in case gathered the erythrocyte of the next amount of passing, in the container 308 erythrocytic total amount will for or the erythrocyte of a little higher than aim parameter.
If before the erythrocyte of aequum returns; The volume of whole blood reaches a specific low threshold value in the container handling 312; Then programme the loop and get into a stage (under not separation situation, returning erythrocyte), (go back shut off valve V9 simultaneously, V10 with the operation of termination pumping plant PP1; V12 and V14), to stop blood separation.Do not separate in this stage and the plasma collection procedure under the situation to return the erythrocyte stage corresponding.
In case return the erythrocyte of aequum from container 308; Just programme the loop and get into a stage (filling the blood donors pipeline); So that operation blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13); From container handling 312, to extract and to fill whole blood out blood donors pipe 266, take out the erythrocyte (mixing) that the whole blood circulation is prepared with normal saline thereby purify to another.
Then, the stage of taking out whole blood is simultaneously left to carry out another time blood system in the programming loop, to recharge container handling 312.If desired, the loop can be carried out the continuous drawing whole blood and returned erythrocyte circulation, and erythrocyte and the plasma volume that is presented at collection in container 304 and 308 until weight sensor reaches or be a bit larger tham desired value.Begin later stage collection circulation then.
Following table has been summarized at the program setting of gathering the cycle stage loop.
Table
Program setting in the blood treatment loop of gathering cycle period
(erythrocyte/plasma collection procedure)
| | Hemoperfusion | 1 | |
Blood separation extracts whole blood (not extracting whole blood) simultaneously | At the erythrocyte/normal saline that returns that separates under (not separating) situation | Fill the blood donors pipeline |
| V1 | · | · | · | · | 。 | |
| V2 | · | · | 。 | 。 | · | |
| V3 | 。 | · | 。(·) | · | · | |
| V4 | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V5 | · | · | 。 | 。(·) | · | |
| V6 | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V7 | · | 。 | · | 。/ exchange with V23 | ||
| V8 | · | · | · | · | · | |
| V9 | · | 。/ pump into | / pump into | / pump into () | ||
| V10 | / pump | / pump () | ||||
| V11 | / pump | 。/ pump () | / pump into | / pump into | ||
| V12 | / pump into | / pump into () | ||||
| V13 | / pump into | 。/ pump into () | / pump | / pump | ||
| V14 | / pump | / pump | / pump () | |||
| V15 | / pump | / pump () | ||||
| V16 | ||||||
| V17 | ||||||
| V18 | 。 | 。(·) | 。 | 。 | ||
| V19 | 。 | · | 。(·) | · | · | |
| V20 | 。/ pump | / pump into () | ||||
| V21 | ||||||
| V22 | · | |||||
| V23 | · | · | · | 。/ exchange with V7 | ||
| PP1 | ■ | (■) | ■ | |||
| PP2 | ■ | ■ | (■) | ■ | ||
| PP3 | ■ | (■) | ||||
| PP4 | ■ | (■) | ■ | ■ |
[0374]Explain:.Represent an open valve; The valve that expression one is closed; / be illustrated in the valve of opening and closing during the pumping program; ■ representes an idle pumping plant (using); And representes in use a pumping plant.
D. the later stage is gathered circulation
In case gathered the blood plasma and the erythrocyte (by the weight sensor monitoring) of target maximum, the cycle stage is gathered to carry out the later stage in the programming loop.
I. reclaim excessive blood plasma
If the plasma volume of in blood plasma collection container 304, gathering surpasses aim parameter; Then get into the collection cycle stage (excessive blood plasma recovery) in a later stage; The loop programme during this period to stop blood confession system container handling and to remove blood from container handling; Handle blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13) simultaneously, the blood plasma in the blood plasma container 304 is carried the system blood donors.Also programme the loop so that from the normal saline of container 288 and the blood plasma on-line mixing of returning in this stage.Detect through weight sensor, the plasma volume that this stage continues to carry out in blood plasma collection container 304 reaches desired value.
Ii. return excessive erythrocyte
If the erythrocyte amount of in erythrocyte collection container 308, gathering also surpasses aim parameter; Then get into the collection cycle stage (excessive erythrocyte returns) in a later stage; The loop programme during this period to handle blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13), so that the erythrocyte that will remain in the erythrocyte container 308 flows to blood donors.Also programme the loop so that from the normal saline of container 288 and the erythrocyte on-line mixing of returning in this stage.According to the monitoring of weight sensor, the erythrocyte amount that this stage will continue to carry out in container 308 equals desired value.
Iii. the purification of normal saline
When the erythrocyte of in container 308 and 304, gathering and plasma volume equal desired value; Get into later stage collection circulation next stage (purification of normal saline); During this period, the programming loop is to handle blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13), so that pass through segregation apparatus from the normal saline of container 288; Thereby the blood constitutent in the segregation apparatus is exchanged into container handling 312, so that get ready for returning to blood donors.This stage has been reduced the loss of blood donors blood.According to the monitoring of weight sensor, the normal saline that this stage will continue to carry out until scheduled volume is pumped through segregation apparatus.
Iv. finally be back to blood donors
Gather circulation next stage (finally returning) in the later stage, blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13) is handled in the programming loop, so that the blood constitutent in the container handling 312 is flowed to blood donors.Normal saline mixes with blood constitutent discontinuously.According to the monitoring of weight sensor, this stage continues and continues to carry out until container handling 312 emptyings.
In next stage (fluid communication), blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 (promptly get into logical valve V11 and discharge logical valve V13) is handled in the programming loop, so that normal saline is delivered to blood donors.According to the monitoring of weight sensor, this stage will continue to carry out the exchange volume until injecting regulation.
In next stage (end venipuncture), the programming loop is to close all valves and to stop the work of all pumping plants, with the terminates venipuncture.
Following table has been summarized the continuous design of loop program during the later stage is gathered the cycle stage.
Table
Gather the programming in cycle period blood treatment loop in the later stage
(erythrocyte/plasma collection procedure)
| Stage | Excessive blood plasma returns | Excessive RBC returns | The purification of normal saline | Finally return | Fluid communication | Finish venipuncture |
| V1 | · | · | · | 。 | · | · |
| V2 | · | 。 | · | · | · | · |
| V3 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V4 | · | · | 。 | · | · | · |
| V5 | 。 | · | · | · | · | · |
| V6 | 。/ exchange with V23 | |||||
| V7 | / exchange with V23 | / exchange with V23 | ||||
| V8 | ||||||
| V9 | 。 | 。 | · | · | · | |
| V10 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V11 | 。/ pump into | / pump into | / pump into/pump | / pump into | / pump into | |
| V12 | ||||||
| V13 | / pump | / pump | / pump | |||
| V14 | · | · | · | |||
| V15 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V16 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V17 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V18 | 。 | · | · | 。 | 。 | · |
| V19 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V20 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V21 | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| V22 | 。 | 。 | 。 | 。 | 。 | · |
| V23 | 。/ exchange with V6 | / exchange with V6 | 。/ exchange with V7 | · | ||
| PP1 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
| PP2 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
| PP3 | □ | □ | □ | □ | □ | ■ |
| PP4 | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
[0392]Explain:.Represent an open valve; The valve that expression one is closed; / be illustrated in the valve of opening and closing during the pumping program; ■ representes an idle pumping plant (using); And representes in use a pumping plant.
E. store and prepare circulation
The perfusion of i.RBC antiseptic
Storing the preparation circulation phase I (perfusion storage solutions), blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 is handled from container 280 the erythrocyte storage solutions of aequum is imported container handling 312 in the programming loop.The transfer of aequum is monitored by platform scale.
At next stage (conveying storage solutions), the programming loop is handled blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 volume required erythrocyte storage solutions is imported erythrocyte collection container 308 from container handling 312 containers.Volume required conveying is monitored by platform scale.
Terminal stage below (termination routine), the programming loop is to close all valves and to stop the work of all pumping plants, so that blood plasma and erythrocyte storage capsule 304 and 308 can be separated and remove so that store.At this moment, can extract and the remainder of discarded disposable apparatus.
Following table has been summarized the loop programming of preparing cycle period storing.
Table
Gather the programming in cycle period blood treatment loop in the later stage
(erythrocyte/plasma collection procedure)
| Stage | The perfusion storage solutions | Carry storage solutions | The end process program |
| V1 | · | · | · |
| V2 | · | 。 | · |
| V3 | 。 | · | · |
| V4 | · | 。 | · |
| V5 | · | · | · |
| V6 | · | · | · |
| V7 | · | · | · |
| V8 | · | · | · |
| V9 | · | · | · |
| V10 | · | · | · |
| V11 | 。/ pump into/pump | / pump into/pump | |
| V12 | |||
| V13 | |||
| V14 | |||
| V15 | |||
| V16 | 。 | · | |
| V17 | · | · | · |
| V18 | · | · | · |
| V19 | · | · | · |
| V20 | · | · | · |
| V21 | 。 | 。 | · |
| V22 | · | · | · |
| V23 | · | · | · |
| PP1 | ■ | ■ | ■ |
| PP2 | ■ | ■ | ■ |
| PP3 | □ | □ | ■ |
| PP4 | ■ | ■ | ■ |
Explain:.Represent an open valve; The valve that expression one is closed; / be illustrated in the valve of opening and closing during the pumping program; ■ representes an idle pumping plant (using); And representes in use a pumping plant.
V. interface control
A. do not overflow detection with overflow
In above-mentioned any program, the centrifugal force that is present in process chamber 18 fills separation of whole blood to an erythrocyte zone and a blood plasma zone (seeing Figure 15 A).Centrifugal force makes filling erythrocyte zone assemble along the chamber outside or height-G wall, simultaneously the blood plasma district is delivered to the inboard or the low-G wall place of chamber.
A zone line has formed the interface between erythrocyte zone and blood plasma zone.In the cellular blood material of density, for example platelet and leukocyte accumulate at the interface, and according to Density Distribution, and platelet than leukocyte more near plasma layer.Compare with the faint yellow and erythrocytic redness in blood plasma district, because its muddy color, this interface also is called as " buffy coat " thus.
Preferably monitor the position of buffy coat so that or depend on said program, prevent that the buffy coat material from getting into blood plasma or erythrocyte, or gather the cellular component of this buffy coat.For this purpose, said system comprises a measuring station 332, and this measuring station comprises two optical pickocffs 334 and 336.
Shown in preferred embodiment in (seeing Figure 13), measuring station 332 is positioned at closer distance place, 20 outside, centrifugal station.Before by measuring station 332 monitorings, this structure makes the amount of liquid of output chamber minimum.
Stand the blood constitutent of first sensor 334 optical monitorings through sampled plasma pipeline 292 in 332.Second pick off, 336 optical monitorings in 332 of standing are gathered pipeline 294 through erythrocyte blood constitutent.
In the embodiment shown, device 264 comprises a fixture 338 (seeing Figure 16 to 18), in order to will manage 292 and 294 and pick off 334 and 336 secured in alignment accordingly.Fixture 338 will be managed 292 and 294 with a kind of orderly arrangement side by side of compactness and flocked together compactly; With as the integral body setting that is associated with pick off 334 and 336 and move, said pick off also is arranged in the station 332 with a kind of compactness, side by side relation.
In the embodiment shown, even without relevant pick off is set, fixture 338 is also being fixed and is being managed 290, and this pipe is used for whole blood is imported centrifugal station 20.Fixture 338 is used for assembling and fixing all pipes 290,292 and 294, and they are with a branch of umbilical part and cable 296 of being connected to of compactness and portable.
(as shown in Figure 2) in the embodiment shown, the container 304,308 and 312 that is connected on the box 28 is suspended in service routine on the centrifugal station 20.In this set, fixture 338 is adjacent to after umbilical part 296 ends crooked turning of 90 degree through one and will manages 290,292 and 294 and lead box 28.The turning of being used by fixture 338 guides placed in-line pipe 290,292 and 294 to leave the zone that tightly is positioned at container 304,308 and 312 belows, thereby prevents to huddle in this zone.Fixture 338 supports and guide wire 290,292 and 294 through turning, and the danger that can reduce knotting or tangle.
For a plasma collection procedure, first sensor 334 detects hematoblastic existence in the sampled plasma pipeline 292, so control device can be activated so that the interface between blood plasma and the platelet cell layer is moved back in the process chamber.This provides a kind of do not have basically platelet or the minimum blood plasma product of platelet at least wherein.
Only gather erythrocytic capture program for one, the interface that first sensor 334 detects between buffy coats and the layer of red blood cells, so control device can activated, so that the interface is moved back in the process chamber.This can make erythrocytic output maximum.
For a buffy coat capture program (following will the description); The forward position (being blood plasma/platelet interface) that first sensor 334 detects buffy coats begins time of coming out from process chamber, and the tailing edge of buffy coat (being buffy coat/erythrocyte interface) is from time that process chamber comes out completely.
It is enough near to represent that as the existence of these components in, the blood plasma 334 detected by first sensor the low-G wall of process chamber is left at the interface, thus allow in these components all or some be brought into sampled plasma pipeline (seeing Figure 15 B).This situation will be known as " excessive overflowing ".
Second pick off 336 can detect erythrocyte and gather erythrocytic haematocrit in the pipeline 294.In handling procedure, if being reduced to, haematocrit is lower than predetermined minima, it is enough near to represent that so the height of process chamber-G wall is left at the interface, thereby allows that blood plasma gets into erythrocyte and gathers pipeline 294 (seeing Figure 15 C).This situation will be " deficiency is overflowed " by journey.
B. sensing loop
Second pick off 336 comprises a red LED356 and two photodiodes 358 and 360.Photodiode 358 is measured transillumination, and photodiode 360 is measured reflected light.
Surround lighting generally includes the frequency content that is less than 1000Hz, and EMI generally includes the frequency content that is higher than 2Khz.In view of the above, manipulator 346 is being lower than Current Regulation under the frequency of EMI frequency content, for example about 2Khz.Sensing loop 340 will be eliminated above and below the frequency content of external light source and EMI composition according to the measured value of sensing.Therefore, sensing loop 340 is insensitive for extraneous illumination condition and EMI.
In more detail, incide (for managing 294) on photodiode 354 and 355 (for pipe 292) or photodiode 358 and 360 with measured from the pipe 292 that contains liquid or the light of 294 transmissions or reflection.Each photodiode produces one and the proportional photoelectric current of reception light intensity.This electric current is converted into a voltage.This voltage is supplied with bandpass filters 364 through multiplexer 370.Bandpass filters 364 has a mid frequency (being the 2Khz of said embodiment) that is arranged in the carrier frequency of modulation back light.
The sine output of bandpass filters 364 is sent to variable gain amplifier 366.Amplifier Gain is prelisted in the step of building in advance, for example X1, X10, X100 and X1000.This provides the ability that responds with big dynamic range to amplifier.
The sine output of amplifier 366 is sent to full wave rectifier 368, and it should sine output be converted into a proportional DC output voltage of the energy with transillumination.
At the ON state, the LED startup is made as " height ", and makes the bright certain time interval of LED, for example 100ms.During the initial 83.3ms of ON state, for incident photodiode and receiving loop 348, limited time increase be allow to make it stable.During the last 16.7ms of ON state, impulse modulation is carried out in the output in loop 340 with the modulation rate (being the 4Khz among the said embodiment) of twice.Impulse modulation is chosen as the complete cycle that comprises a 60Hz at interval, thereby allows that basic frequency filters out from measurement result.The impulse modulation frequency of 4Khz allows that the pulsation of 2Khz is captured so that carry out filtering from measurement result later on.
At the OFF state, make LED close 100ms.In last 16.7ms, note the LED baseline that causes by surround lighting and electromagnetic interference.
1. first sensor; Platelet/RBC difference
Not celliferous blood plasma is flaxen.When hematoblastic concentration increased in the blood plasma, the definition of blood plasma reduced.Blood plasma seems " muddiness ".When erythrocytic concentration increased in the blood plasma, the color of blood plasma was by the faint yellow redness that becomes.
In the embodiment shown, first sensor 334 comprises the emitter 350 of one first wavelength (λ 1) light, is green glow (570nm and 571nm) in said embodiment.First sensor 334 comprises the emitter 352 of one second wavelength (λ 2) light, is HONGGUANG (645nm and 660nm) in said embodiment.
Platelet optical attenuation (ε under first wavelength
λ 1 Platelet) and the platelet optical attenuation (ε under second wavelength
λ 2 Platelet) basic identical.Therefore, the attenuation change behind the certain hour will be identical, and said variation is by the increase or the minimizing influence of PC.
But, the hemoglobin optical attenuation (ε under first wavelength
Hb λ 1) be about the hemoglobin optical attenuation (ε under second wavelength
Hb λ 2) ten times.Therefore, so along with the attenuation change of time can be inequality by erythrocytic existence influence owing to receiving.
Implement module 372 many methods are arranged.In a preferred embodiment, detection/difference module 372 thinks that the wavelength that is caused by plasma solutions is that the decay of the homogeneous beam of λ can be described below by the Lambert-Beer method of revising:
Wherein
I is a transmitted intensity.
I
OBe incident intensity.
ε
Hb λOptical attenuation (gm/dl) for the hemoglobin under the setted wavelength (HB).
ε
λ PlateletBe the hematoblastic optical attenuation under the setted wavelength.
C
HbBe the concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte, be 34gm/dl.
C
PlateletBe the PC in the sampling.
D is the thickness through the plasma flow of pipe 294.
G
λBe the passage length factor under the setted wavelength, this factor has been explained the unnecessary photon passage in the blood plasma sampling that is caused by light scattering.
H is the whole blood haematocrit, and it is the erythrocyte percentage ratio in the sampling.
G
RBC λAnd G
λ PlateletBe respectively at the wavelength that is applied and measure erythrocyte and the function of hematoblastic concentration and scattering coefficient under the geometry.
For wavelength visible and near infrared spectrum, ε
λ Platelet=0, therefore:
Under a kind of excessive overflow condition (shown in Figure 15 B), first cellular component that is detected by the first sensor in the sampled plasma pipeline road 294 334 will be platelet.Therefore, for hematoblastic detection, Ln (T
λ) ≈ G
λ Platelet
In order to detect the buffy coat interface between platelet layer and the layer of red blood cells, select two wavelength (λ based on criterion
1And λ
2), i.e. (i) λ
1And λ
2Basically has the identical passage length factor (G
λ), (ii) wavelength X
1Or λ
2Have the hemoglobin optical attenuator more much bigger than other wavelength.
Suppose wavelength X
1And λ
2Has identical G
λ, formula (2) can be reduced to:
In a preferred embodiment, λ
1=660nm (green), λ
2=571nm (red).The passage length factor (the G of 571nm light
λ) big than 660nm light.Therefore the passage length factor must be revised by alpha and β:
Therefore, formula (3) can be expressed as:
Do not having under the erythrocytic situation,, representing as formula (5) because the PC that increases detects so formula (3) causes the erythrocyte of one vacation:
For the detection at interface between platelet and the platelet/layer of red blood cells, formula (4) provides a better solution.Therefore module 372 has been used formula (4).For ready different concentration known of supporting by the arm blood plasma in the hematoblastic blood plasma, coefficient (β-1) can be through measuring the G in the required measurement geometry with experience
λ 1 PlateletAnd G
λ 2 PlateletDecision.
Detection/difference module 372 is also distinguished out the difference between the Strength Changes, and this difference is that the free hemoglobin that exists in the blood plasma that causes by the erythrocyte that exists in the blood plasma or by haemolysis causes.Either way can cause the reduction of the output valve of transillumination sensor light electric diode 354.But the output valve of reflected light sensor light electric diode 355 increases under the situation that erythrocyte exists, and under the situation that free hemoglobin exists, reduces.Therefore detection/difference module 372 senses the appearance of undesirable haemolysis situation in the blood treatment program, therefore can remind operator and can take the correction behavior.
2. second pick off: pile up erythrocytic measurement
In a kind of excessive situation of overflowing (shown in Figure 15 C); Because blood plasma (and buffy coat) mixes with erythrocyte; So the erythrocytic haematocrit of discharging from process chamber 18 will sharply descend, the haematocrit from about one about 80 the target haematocrit to 50 for example.Hope that in plasma collection procedure a kind of deficiency overflows situation, because this situation allows that erythrocyte and buffy coat return to blood donors.In only gathering erythrocytic program, do not hope that then a kind of deficiency occurring overflows situation, because erythrocytic output and quality that this situation entail dangers to is gathered for storage.
In any situation, sense when there is the ability that deficiency is overflowed be ideal.
Photon wavelength in the near infrared spectrum (NIR) (being about 540nm to 1000nm) is suitable for the sensing erythrocyte, because their intensity can be measured after passing many millimeter blood.
Wherein:
I is a transmitted intensity.
I
OBe incident intensity.
ε
Hb λOptical attenuation (gm/dl) for the hemoglobin under the setted wavelength (HB).
C
HbConcentration for hemoglobin in the erythrocyte is decided to be 34gm/dl.
D is the distance between light source and the photodetector.
G
λBe the passage length factor under the setted wavelength, this factor has been explained the unnecessary photon passage in the blood plasma sampling that is caused by light scattering.
H is the whole blood haematocrit, and it is the erythrocyte percentage ratio in the sampling.
G
RBC λBe the erythrocytic haematocrit under wavelength that is provided and measurement geometry and the function of scattering coefficient.
Known formula (6), then the optical density O.D. of sampling can represent with following formula:
The optical density O.D. of sampling can also be expressed as:
O.D.=O.D.
Absorb+ O.D.
Diffusion(8)
Wherein, O.D.
AbsorbFor by the caused optical density of erythrocyte Absorption, expression as follows:
O.D.
ScatteringFor by the caused optical density of erythrocyte scattering process, expression as follows:
From formula (9), find out O.D.
AbsorbIncrease with haematocrit (H) is linear.For the measurement of the absorbance in red and the NTR spectrum, G
RBC λBasically be parabolic; Between 50 and 75 haematocrit, reach maximum (depend on illumination wavelength and measure geometry), (" disperal pattern of whole blood light absorption " for example, shown that at 0 and 100 haematocrit place be 0 referring to Steinke etc.; J.Opt.Soc.Am.; Vol 5, No.6, in June, 1988).Therefore, for light transmissive measurement, measured optical density is the nonlinear function of haematocrit.
But, have been found that the catoptrical G that measures from incident light source predetermined radial distance place
RBC λIn 10 to 90 haematocrit scope is linear.Therefore, for second pick off 336 of structure like this, detection module can be with sampling with respect to the linear function of catoptrical optical density as haematocrit.
This structure depends on and keeps the simple geometry of measuring.Do not need reflecting mirror or condenser lens.LED or photodiode need not be provided with to such an extent that become specific angle with blood tube.Do not need specific optics battery.Second pick off 336 can directly dock with 294 transparent of plastic tubes.Equally, first sensor 334 can be directly and transparent tube 292 interfaces.
In an illustrated embodiment, select the wavelength of 805nm, because this wavelength is absorbing wavelength such as a kind of for erythrocyte, this just means that erythrocytic optical absorption has nothing to do with oxygen saturation under this wavelength condition.Can also in NIR spectrum, select other wavelength.
In the embodiment shown, for the wavelength of 805nm, preferred setpoint distance is for leaving light source 7.5mm.Above-mentioned fixture 338 (seeing Figure 18) is convenient to manage the 294 reflected light detector settings with the relative light source of the relation that requires and second pick off 336.Fixture 338 also is convenient to manage the 292 reflected light detector settings with relative light source of desired relation and first sensor 334.
Distance mensuration greater than 7.5mm also is fine, and the variation of red blood cell specific volume is demonstrated higher sensitivity.But can run into a lower signal than distant location for the noise ratio at these.Equally, measuring will show relative noise ratio one from the nearer distance of light source than large-signal, still lower to the sensitivity of the variation of erythrocytic haematocrit.Optimum distance for a setted wavelength can be confirmed through experience, wherein for a given haematocrit scope, has a linear relationship between the intensity of haematocrit and sensing.
Second pick off 336 detects transmission and passes the absolute difference of gathering the mean intensity of the main transillumination of erythrocytic signal in the pipeline line through erythrocyte.The intensity absolute difference that the detection module analysis records, and the increase of the standard deviation of measured intensity, to provide a not enough spill over reliably, shown in figure 20.
Under a given absolute haematocrit, to different blood donors, G
RBC λSlightly different, this variation by mean corpuscular volume between blood plasma and the erythrocyte and/or refractive index difference causes.In addition, through measuring from the light of the blood sampling reflection of given blood donors with a known haematocrit, thereby for this blood donors, G
RBC λCan be demarcated to produce the absolute measured value of an erythrocytic haematocrit of from process chamber, coming out.
C. the pretreatment of pick off is demarcated
Normal saline in a given blood collection program and during the hemoperfusion stage first and second pick offs 334 and 336 being demarcated, its details is described.
In normal saline perfusion phase program, normal saline is transported in the blood processing chamber 18 and through sampled plasma pipeline 292.During this period, blood processing chamber 18 is cycle rotation between 0RPM and 180RPM, is removed from chamber 18 up to air.Velocity of rotation with process chamber 18 is increased to line speed for the national games then.
And then be the hemoperfusion stage, during whole blood with desired whole blood flow velocity (Q
WB) be introduced into process chamber 18.The blood plasma that comes out from process chamber 18 is set to desired flow velocity (Q through the flow velocity of sampled plasma pipeline line 292
p) a part (for example 80%), from process chamber 18, to remove normal saline.Under these conditions, continue the discharge of normal saline, sense the existence of normal saline in the sampled plasma pipeline line 292 optically up to first sensor 334.
1. for plasma collection procedure (inducing deficiency to overflow)
If the programmed acquisition blood plasma that will carry out will induce the situation that a kind of deficiency is overflowed so in order to storing (for example, plasma collection procedure or erythrocyte/plasma collection procedure) in calibrating procedure.Can produce the situation that deficiency is overflowed through reducing or stopping the flow of blood plasma through sampled plasma pipeline 292.This makes the low-G side (like Figure 15 C) of buffy coat away from chamber 18, is present in the sampled plasma pipeline 292 with the plasma flow of guaranteeing " totally ", and does not have or do not have basically platelet and leukocyte.In the basic lipid levels of considering blood donors, but do not have under the situation of platelet or leukocytic existence, this deficiency that induces is overflowed and is allowed that first sensor 334 is demarcated and proofreaied and correct with respect to the physiology color of blood donors blood plasma.Therefore first sensor 334 has platelet in the buffy coat or the leukocytic peak response that has caused variation, and then the meeting appearance is a kind of in handling procedure excessively overflows.
Begin in blood treatment, force a kind of deficiency situation of overflowing to occur also making the interface near height-G wall.This height in said chamber-G side produces a kind of initial bias situation, when blood treatment is carried out, to have delayed the final progress of the situation of excessively overflowing.
2. erythrocyte capture program
If carry out a program that does not have blood plasma to be gathered (for example two units erythrocyte capture program), just can in the blood purification step, not induce a kind of deficiency overflows situation.This be because, in only gathering erythrocytic program, during excessively overflowing, 334 of first sensors need to detect erythrocytic existence in the blood plasma.First sensor 334 does not need by further activation to detect platelet.And, in only gathering erythrocytic program, require the as close as possible low-G wall in interface.Desired situation allows that buffy coat and blood plasma return the exporter together, and makes the erythrocytic haematocrit of collection maximum.
D. blood cell collection
1. plasma collection procedure
In the program of gathering blood plasma (for example plasma collection procedure or erythrocyte/plasma collection procedure), Q
PBe set to Q
P (theory), it is the plasma flow rate that experience is confirmed, it allows that system keeps a kind of stable acquisition state, does not promptly have deficiency to overflow and excessively do not overflow.
Q
P (theory)(g/ml) be anticoagulated whole blood inlet flow velocity Q
WB, anticoagulated whole blood inlet haematocrit HCT
WBAnd erythrocyte is discharged haematocrit HCT
RBCThe function of (through estimation or measurement), represent as follows:
Wherein:
ρ
Blood plasmaBe the density (g/ml)=1.03 of blood plasma
ρ
WBBe the density (g/ml)=1.05 of whole blood
ρ
RBCBe erythrocytic density=1.08
For sampled plasma, Q
WBBe set to desired whole blood inlet flow velocity, this flow velocity is about 70ml/ minute for the program of only gathering blood plasma.For a kind of erythrocyte/plasma collection procedure, Q
WBBe set at about 50ml/ minute, thereby the erythrocyte of accumulation is provided, it has than haematocrit high in traditional plasma collection procedure.
The setting that system controller 16 keeps pump up to reaching desired sampled plasma volume, is overflowed situation or a kind of situation of excessively overflowing only if detect a kind of deficiency.
If for the blood separation situation of reality, the Q of setting
PToo high, if perhaps because the physiological reason of blood donors, big (i.e. " thicker ") of the volumetric ratio expection of buffy coat, first sensor 334 will detect platelet or perhaps both existence of leukocyte in the blood plasma so, show a kind of situation of excessively overflowing.
With high Q
PCaused a kind of situation response of excessively overflowing, system controller 16 stops the operation of sampled plasma pump PP2, keeps the Q that sets simultaneously
WBConstant.With the caused a kind of situation response of excessively overflowing of high volume buffy coat, system controller 16 stops the operation of sampled plasma pump PP2, detects a kind of deficiency up to erythrocyte pick off 336 and overflows situation.This makes buffy coat pass through erythrocyte pipe 294 and from the separation chamber, discharges.
Excessively overflow response in order to carry out, blood treatment loop 46 is designed to start to handle pump PP1 (promptly suck through valve V9, discharge through valve V14), with the Q of whole blood to set
WBBe extracted into process chamber 18 from container handling 312.Erythrocyte is discharged from chamber 18 through the collection pipeline 294 in the collection container 308.The erythrocyte flow velocity directly depends on Q
WBSize.
During this period, blood treatment loop 46 also is designed to stop the operation scheduled time (for example 20 seconds) of blood plasma pump PP2.This makes the interface move back the middle part to the separation chamber.After the preset time section, continue to make blood plasma pump PP2 running, still move the time (for example 10 seconds) of one section weak point with a low flow velocity (for example 10ml/ minute).Be corrected if overflow, clean blood plasma will detect through first sensor 334, and continue the operate as normal in blood treatment loop 46.If do not sense clean blood plasma, show excessively to overflow also not to be corrected that said procedure is repeated in blood treatment loop 46.
Summed up the circuit design procedure that alleviates the situation of excessively overflowing in the following table.
Table
Be used for alleviating the design in the blood treatment loop of excessively overflowing situation
(plasma collection procedure)
| V1 | · |
| V2 | 。 |
| V3 | · |
| V4 | · |
| V5 | 。 |
| V6 | · |
| V7 | · |
| V8 | · |
| V9 | 。/ pump into |
| V10 | |
| V11 | |
| V12 | |
| V13 | |
| V14 | / pump |
| V15 | |
| V16 | |
| V17 | |
| V18 | |
| V19 | |
| V20 | |
| V21 | |
| V22 | |
| V23 | |
| PP1 | |
| PP2 | ■ |
| PP3 | ■ |
| PP4 | ■ |
Explain:.The expression open valve; The valve that expression is closed; / be illustrated in the valve of opening and closing during the pumping program; The pumping plant that ■ representes to leave unused (using); And representes pumping plant in use.
In case the excessive situation of overflowing is proofreaied and correct, controller 16 just makes blood treatment loop 46 recover normal blood treatment, but gives Q
PApply one and reduce percentage coefficient (%RF), this Q
PBe when the situation of excessively overflowing is just to be detected, to set.Reduce coefficient (%RF) and be a function of interval between excessively overflowing, promptly when the frequency of excessively overflowing increased, %RF increased, and vice versa.
If the Q that sets
PToo low, second pick off will detect the erythrocyte haematocrit and be reduced under the predetermined value, and it shows that a kind of deficiency overflows situation.
Overflow the situation response with a kind of deficiency, system controller 16 is with Q
PReset, make it near the Q that sets
WBWhen handling continuation, the interface will be moved back to the low-G wall gradually.Controller 16 keeps these to set, and detects red blood cell hematocrit up to second pick off 336 and is higher than required setting value.At this moment, controller 16 applies an increase percentage coefficient (%EF), this Q to QP
PBe to set in just to be detected in the deficiency situation of overflowing.Enhancement coefficient (%EF) is a function of interval between deficiency is overflowed, and promptly when not enough frequency of overflowing increased, %EF increased.
If repeatedly attempting (for example three times) afterwards, controller 16 can't be proofreaied and correct a given deficiency or excessively overflow situation, will give the alarm.
2. only gather erythrocytic program
Do not gather only gathering erythrocyte (for example two units erythrocyte capture program) in the program of blood plasma, set Q
PBe no more than Q
P (theory), and Q
WBe set to the whole blood inlet flow velocity of process chamber 18, for two units erythrocyte capture program, it is about 50ml/ minute.
In two units erythrocyte capture program, possibly hope frequently to occur excessive overflowing.This makes the erythrocytic haematocrit of collection maximum, and the buffy coat that will have blood plasma returns to blood donors.If excessive appearance of overflowing is lower than the frequency of setting, Q after a period of time
PWill increase.Likewise, if excessive appearance of overflowing is higher than the frequency of setting, Q after a period of time
PWill reduce.But, for fear of a kind of undesirable high haematocrit, can be just at Q
P (theory)Work under the condition.
Excessively overflow response in order to carry out, blood treatment loop 46 also be designed to with aforementioned table in identical mode operate blood plasma pump PP2 and handle pump PP1 (through selected valve pressure and pumping plant pressure).Therefore manage the erythrocyte that detects in 292 and be returned process chamber 18, and be prevented from getting into blood plasma collection container 304.
The interface will in time be moved back to height-G wall.Controller 16 is kept these settings, detects erythrocytic haematocrit up to second pick off 336 and is reduced under the predetermined value, and it representes that a kind of deficiency overflows situation.
Overflow the situation response with deficiency, system controller 16 increases Q
P, detect erythrocytic haematocrit up to second pick off 336 and be higher than predetermined value.At this moment, controller 16 is with Q
PBe reset to the last value when excessively overflowing by sensing.
3. buffy coat collection
If desired, can in a given plasma collection procedure, periodically bring out a kind of situation of excessively overflowing, buffy coat is captured in (see figure 10) in the buffy coat collection container 376.Shown in figure 10, in the embodiment shown, buffy coat collection container 376 through manage 378 be connected to box 22 buffy coat port P4.Buffy coat collection container 376 is suspended on the platform scale 246, and it provides the output valve of reaction weight change, and controller 16 is derived the volume of the buffy coat of being gathered according to it.
In this is provided with; When detect bring out excessively overflow situation the time, blood treatment loop 46 is designed to (through selected valve pressure and pumping plant pressure) and handles blood plasma pump PP2, and blood plasma is extracted out through pipe 378 from process chamber 18; This moment, valve V4 and V6 were closed, and valve V8 is opened.Buffy coat in the pipe 378 is transported in the buffy coat collection container 376.Blood treatment loop 46 also is designed to handle and handles pump PP1 (promptly through valve V9 suction, discharging through valve V14) during this time, with the Q that sets
WBWhole blood is extracted into the process chamber 18 from container handling 312.Erythrocyte is discharged from chamber 18 through the collection pipeline 294 in the collection container 308.
Following table has been summed up through buffy coat being captured in the design that alleviates the loop of the situation of excessively overflowing in the buffy coat collection container 376.
Table
Alleviate the design in the blood treatment loop of the situation of excessively overflowing through the collection buffy coat
(plasma collection procedure)
| V1 | · |
| V2 | · |
| V3 | · |
| V4 | 。 |
| V5 | · |
| V6 | · |
| V7 | · |
| V8 | · |
| V9 | 。/ pump into |
| V10 | / pump |
| V11 | |
| V12 | / pump into |
| V13 | |
| V14 | / pump |
| V15 | |
| V16 | |
| V17 | |
| V18 | |
| V19 | |
| V20 | |
| V21 | |
| V22 | |
| V23 | |
| PP1 | |
| PP2 | |
| PP3 | ■ |
| PP4 | ■ |
Explain:.The expression open valve; The valve that expression is closed; / be illustrated in the valve of opening and closing during the pumping program; The pumping plant that ■ representes to leave unused (using); And representes pumping plant in use.
(by platform scale 246 monitoring) recover normal blood treatment condition after the buffy coat of specified volume is transported in the buffy coat collection container 376.In handling procedure, can bring out the situation of excessively overflowing that the buffy coat of sening as an envoy to flows to pipe 378 at interval with official hour, be collected in the buffy coat collection container up to required volumetrical buffy coat.
VI. another programmable blood treatment loop
A. loop configuration
The programmable blood treatment loop 46 that different structure can be arranged as previously mentioned.Fig. 5 has schematically shown a kind of representative configurations 46, has described the characteristics able to programme in this loop.Figure 34 represent another kind have the representative blood treatment loop 46 of certain characteristics able to programme ' structure.
In the embodiment shown, an individual flow passage (comprising flow channel F9, F23, F24 and F10) and pipeline station PP5 in loop 46 ' also comprise with two port P9 and P10.Why flow channel is called as " independently ", be because do not have exterior tube it just can not with loop 46 ' in any other flow channel directly be communicated with.Through optionally handling line valve V21 and V22, liquid can be along forward or backward direction between two valves, or the pumping plant PP5 that directly flows through on turnover direction of passing check valve.
In a preferred embodiment, the suction circulation time of suction plant is longer than the discharge circulation time of discharging pumping plant.This entrance side at pumping plant provides a successive liquid flow, at the outlet side of pumping plant a TRANSFER BY PULSATING FLOW is provided.In a representational embodiment, the suction circulation is 10 seconds, and discharging circulation is 1 second.The suction circulation that excavationg pump stands in suction plant begins to carry out the circulation that it continues 1 second, has a rest in all the other 9 seconds in the suction circulation then.Then pumping plant switch take out, row function.This produces, and a successive inlet flows and the outlet of a pulsation is flowed.Because liquid is imported a suction plant continuously in the whole procedure, so provide the pumping plant PP3 of two alternations and PP4 can reduce the entire process time.
In this is provided with; Pumping plant PP4 in the similar loop 46; Loop 46 ' independent pumping plant PP5 as a special anticoagulant pump, so that anticoagulant is added the blood through port P9 from an anticoagulant source through port P10 suction and with a certain amount of anticoagulant.
In this is provided with, with identical in loop 46, do not consider special blood treatment program, common pumping plant PP1 is as a special processing whole blood pump, so that whole blood is imported blood separator.As in loop 46, pump is through the deictic function cancellation of PP1, and blood donors interface pump PP3 and PP4 are from providing the additional function of whole blood to blood separator.Therefore, handle whole blood pump PP1 and can keep the continuous supply of blood to blood separator, and blood donors interface pump PP4 and PP5 serial operation, to return to bleeder from the blood donors blood drawing with blood simultaneously through fleams.So loop 46 ' make the processing time minimum.
In this is provided with, with identical in loop 46, do not consider special blood treatment program, general pumping plant PP2 is as a blood plasma pump, to transmit blood plasma from blood separator.With identical in loop 46, loop 46 ' in special separation pump function provide one the turnover separator and the turnover blood donors successive blood flow.
(see Figure 34) in a preferred embodiment, loop 46 ' common apparatus 264 of formation ' a part, this equipment is connected on the port P1 to P13.
In more detail, have fleams 268 ' a feeder vessels 266 ' be connected to loop 46 ' port P8.Be connected to fleams 268 ' anticoagulant pipe 270 ' be connected with port P9.Hold the container 276 of anticoagulant ' through a pipe 274 ' be connected to port P10.
Hold the container 280 that a kind of erythrocyte adds solution ' through a pipe 278 ' be connected on the port P3.Container 288 that holds normal saline ' through a pipe 284 ' be connected on the port P12.Storage capsule 289 ' through a pipe 291 ' be connected on the port P13.Pipeline leukocyte loss filter 293 ' by pipe 291 ' be supported on port P13 and storage capsule 289 ' between.Container 276 ', 280 ', 288 ' and 289 ' can be used as an integral body to be connected on the port, perhaps can install through a suitable aseptic connection in use, thereby keep a blood treatment environment aseptic, sealing.
Pipe 290 ', 292 ' and 294 ' extend to one be connected to process chamber 18 ' umbilical part 296 '.Pipe 290 ', 292 ' and 294 ' be connected respectively to port P5, P6 and P7.Pipe 290 ' under the operation of handling pumping plant PP1, whole blood is imported process chamber 18.The pipe 292 ' under the operation of blood plasma pump chamber PP2 from process chamber 18 ' conveying blood plasma.Pipe 294 ' from process chamber 18 ' conveying erythrocyte.
Blood plasma collection container 304 ' through a pipe 302 ' be connected on the port P3.In use, collection container 304 ' as the blood plasma container in handling procedure.
Erythrocyte collection container 308 ' through a pipe 306 ' be connected to port P2.In use, collection container 308 ' be used to the receive erythrocyte of a unit that is used to store.
Buffy coat collection container 376 ' through a pipe 377 ' be connected to port P4.In use, collection container 376 ' be used to the hold buffy coat that is used to store.
Whole blood container 312 ' through a pipe 310 ' be connected to port P1.In use, at blood donors interface pump PP3 and PP4 duration of work collection container 312 ' be used to receive whole blood, with dealing with the whole blood container.It also can be used for receiving the second unitary erythrocyte that is used to store.
B. box
Shown in Figure 35 and 36, box 28 injection mo(u)lding of programmable fluid loop 46 ' can be installed in, that lean on air pressure control ' in.As previously mentioned, box 28 ' interact with air driven pump and valve station 30 is to provide same that concentrate, programmable and box 28 identical integral type workbench.
Figure 35 and 36 the expression wherein be equipped with loop 46 ' box 28 ' (schematically showing among Figure 34).Like the description of front to box 28, a series of in wells, chamber and groove be formed on box body 188 ' the preceding and back side 190 ' and 192 ', to limit pumping plant PP1 to PP5 shown in Figure 34, valve station V1 to V25 and flow channel F1 to F33.In Figure 36, flow channel F1 to F33 is coated with dark so that watch.Flexible membrane 194 ' with 196 ' cover box body 188 ' preceding and the back side 190 ' with 192 ', seating is on the vertical edge of pumping plant PP1 to PP5, valve station V1 to V25 and flow channel F1 to F33.In advance molded port P1 to P13 along box body 188 ' both sides stretch out.
Box 28 ' vertically be installed in pump and the valve station 30 with the mode identical with Fig. 2.In this direction (shown in Figure 36), side 192 ' facing to the outside, port P8 to P13 is facing to the below, and one of port P1 to P7 vertically stacks on another and facing to the inside.
As previously mentioned, through pump and valve station 30 diaphragm 194 ' on the part apply positive and negative fluid pressure so that this diaphragm deflection so that close and open valve station V1 to V25 or liquid is extracted out from pumping plant PP1 to PP5.
Another inner chamber 200 ' be arranged on box body 188 ' the back side 192 ' in.Chamber 200 ' work station of formation, its containment blood filtering material is so that remove grumeleuse that possibly form in the blood treatment program or cellular grumeleuse.Shown in figure 34, loop 46, chamber 200 ' be arranged in ', between port P8 and blood donors interface pumping plant PP3 and PP4, the blood that therefore returns to blood donors this filter of can flowing through.The blood that returns through flow channel F27 get into chamber 200 ', and through flow channel F8 from chamber 200 ' come out.Chamber 200 ' also be used for collects blood donors and the air of the flow channel that comes out from blood donors.
Another inner chamber 201 ' (seeing Figure 35) also be arranged on box body 188 ' the back side 192 ' in.Chamber 201 ' be located at port P5 and handle loop 46 between the valve V16 of pump pumping plant PP1 ' in.Blood from flow channel F16 through hole 203 ' entering chamber 201 ', through hole 205 ' from chamber 201 ' escape and enter flow channel F5.Chamber 201 ', be separation chamber 26 ' service as box 28 ' another the interior impinger in the flow channel.Chamber 201 ' also be used as a container to weaken the jerk pump stroke of the processing pump PP1 that is separation chamber's service.
C. relevant pneumatic pipeline assembly
Figure 43 represent a pneumatic pipeline assembly 226 ', its can with box 28 ' be used in combination, so that positive and negative air pressure to be provided so that liquid through box 28 '.When the door of pumping plant 20 32 is closed, and air bag 314 is when expanding, diaphragm-operated positive 194 ' fit tightly pipeline assembly 226 '.Under the control of controller 16, different pressure of pipeline assembly 226 ' distribute selectively and vacuum give box 28 ' pump and valve actuator PA (N) and VA (N).These pressure and vacuum values systematically impose on box 28 ', to provide the path of blood and treat liquid.Under the control of controller 16, pipeline assembly 226 also dispense pressure is given door air bag 314 (describing), gives a blood donors pressure pullover (describing), gives a feeder vessels occludator 320 (describing).Shown in Figure 43 be used for box 28 ' the identical attribute of pipeline assembly 226 ' have aforementioned pipeline assembly many with shown in Figure 12 226.
Identical with pipeline assembly 226, a pneumatic pressure source 234 of pipeline assembly 226 ' be connected to ' on, it is arranged on lid 40 inside of pipeline assembly 226 ' back.With identical in pipeline assembly 226, be used for pipeline assembly 226 ' pressure source 234 ' comprise two compressor C1 ' and C2 ', but also can use one or more double end compressors.Compressor C1 ' is through pipeline assembly 226 ' give box 28 ' provide negative pressure.Another compressor C2 ' is through pipeline assembly 226 ' give box 28 ' provide malleation.
Shown in figure 43, pipeline assembly 226 ' comprise 5 pump actuator PA1～PA4 and 25 valve actuator VA1～VA25.Pump actuator PA1～PA25 valve actuator VA1～VA25 be orientated each other with box 28 ' front 190 ' pumping plant PP1～PP5 of formation and the mirror image of valve station V1～V25.
Identical with pipeline assembly 226, pipeline assembly 226 shown in Figure 43 ' comprise the pneumatic operated valve of a series of electromagnetic actuation, it is connected with valve actuator VA1～VA25 with pump brake PA1～PA5.
Identical with pipeline assembly 226, under the control of controller 16, pipeline assembly 226 ' several kinds of different pressure of maintenance and vacuum condition.
As aforementioned identical with being connected of pipeline assembly 226, P
HighBe high pressure, and P
HandleBe that processing pressure is that the high normal pressure of pipeline assembly 226 ' keep is (for example+500mmHg), in order to shut off valve V1～V25 and drive liquid from handling pump PP1 and blood plasma pump PP2 extrusion.As previously mentioned, P
HandleSize must be enough to overcome minimum pressure near 300mmHg, it is present in the process chamber 18 usually.P
HighAnd P
HandleUnder the highest pressure, operate, can not be applied in the upstream and downstream valve of guaranteeing to be connected and open with the pressure bursts of operating pumps to pump with pumping.
Apply P
GeneralBe usual pressure (+300mmHg) extrude from blood donors interface pump PP3, PP4 and anticoagulant pump PP5 to drive liquid.
V
HighBe fine vacuum (350mmHg) be applied to pipeline assembly 226 ' in to open the max vac of boxlike valve V1～V25.V
GeneralBe that conventional vacuum (300mmHg) is used to drive the swabbing action of each pump PP1～PP5.V
GeneralBe lower than V
High, do not overwhelm the upper reaches or downstream boxlike valve V1～V25 to guarantee pump PP1～PP5.
Main high pressure solenoid 322 ' with a main vacuum tube 324 ' in pipeline assembly 324, distribute P
HighAnd V
HighPressure and vacuum source 234 ' continuous operation are to give high pressure solenoid 322 ' provide P
High, give high-vacuum tube 324 ' provide V
HighPressure transducer S2 monitoring high pressure solenoid 322 ' in P
HighPick off S2 opens and closes electromagnetic valve EV38, to set up P
HighUp to its maximum.
Likewise, high-vacuum tube 324 ' in pressure transducer S6 monitoring V
HighElectromagnetic valve EV43 of pick off S6 control is with V
GeneralRemain in the specific pressure limit.
Usual pressure pipe 326 ' from high pressure solenoid 324 ' branch away.Usual pressure pipe 326 ' in pick off S4 monitoring P
GeneralElectromagnetic valve EV34 of pick off S4 control is with P
GeneralRemain in the specific pressure limit.
Ordinary vacuum tube 330 ' from high-vacuum tube 324 ' branch away.Pick off S5 monitoring ordinary vacuum tube 330 ' in V
GeneralElectromagnetic valve EV45 of pick off S5 control is with V
GeneralRemain in the specific vacuum range.
Pipeline container R1～R4 be arranged on high pressure solenoid 322 ', usual pressure pipe 326 ', high-vacuum tube 324 ' and ordinary vacuum tube 330 ' in.Container R1～R4 guarantees that above-mentioned constant compression force and vacuum conditions are stable and predictable.
In case program is accomplished, electromagnetic valve EV32 and EV34 just provide an outlet for pressure and vacuum.
Electromagnetic valve EV41, EV2, EV46 and EV47 separate container R1～R4 and air line, and said pipeline provides vacuum and pressure for pump and valve brake.This provides pressure/breaking of vacuum feedback faster, therefore can accomplish the detection to box/pipeline assembly sealing.
Electromagnetic valve EV1～EV25 provide P
HighOr V
HighWith driven valve actuators VA2～VA25.Electromagnetic valve EV27 and EV28 provide P
HandleAnd V
GeneralHandle and blood plasma pump PP1 and PP2 to drive.Electromagnetic valve EV30 and EV31 provide P
GeneralAnd V
GeneralTo drive blood donors interface pump actuator PA3 and PA4.Electromagnetic valve EV29 provide P
GeneralAnd V
GeneralTo drive AC pump actuator PP5.
Electromagnetic valve EV35 provide an air bag 314 and high pressure solenoid 322 ' isolation.A pick off S1 monitoring P
DoorAnd control electromagnetic valve EV35 is to keep-up pressure in specific scope.
Electromagnetic valve EV40 provide P
HighWith open safe closed valve 320 '.Anyly possibly make blood donors be in dangerous error pattern will to discharge electromagnetic valve EV40 with shut off valve 320 ' and isolate blood donors.Likewise, any energy loss will discharge electromagnetic valve EV40 and isolate blood donors.
Pick off S3 monitors P
Tube headAnd be connected with electromagnetic valve EV37 with what keep blood donors with electromagnetic valve EV36 and pulloverly be positioned at specific scope.
As previously mentioned, any electromagnetic valve can be worked under " normally opening " pattern, perhaps can be switched in " normally closing " mode to do, and vice versa.
D. pump function for example
According to the front about be contained in the description of the fluid loop 46 in the box 28, can likewise programme be contained in box 28 ' in fluid loop 46 ', with the various blood treatment functions of having described.Identical with various blood treatment programs, fluid loop 46 ' certain pump function will explain through example.
1. arriving the whole blood of handling container flows
In a given blood collection circulation first step; Blood treatment loop 46 ' be designed to is with co-operate blood donors interface pump PP3 and PP4 (applying pressure selected through giving valve and pumping plant), with separate before anticoagulated whole blood is imported container handling 312 ' in.
In the phase I, (see Figure 37 A); Pump PP3 carries out 10 seconds suction circulation (promptly get into through valve V12 and V13, valve V6, V14, V18 and V15 close), and this pump is connected with anticoagulant pump PP5 and (promptly got into from valve V22; V21 comes out from valve) so that anticoagulation is passed through feeder vessels 270 suction pump PP3.Simultaneously, blood donors interface pump PP4 carries out 1 second discharge circulation (V7 comes out through valve), so that anticoagulation is entered container handling 312 ' (through the valve V4 that opens) through flow channel F20 and F1 from its chamber.
Suction circulation being used for pump PP3 (referring to Figure 37 B) is last; This blood treatment loop 46 ' be designed to handle 10 seconds discharge circulation of blood donors interface pump PP4 (promptly get into through valve V12 and V14; Valve V13, V14 and V18 close); This pump is connected with anticoagulant pump PP5, so that anticoagulated blood is passed through feeder vessels 270 suction pump PP4.Simultaneously, blood donors interface pump PP3 carries out 1 second discharge circulation (V6 comes out through valve), so that anticoagulation is entered container handling 312 ' (through the valve V4 that opens) through flow channel F20 and F1 from its chamber.
These alternative circulations are proceeded, up to the volumetrical anticoagulated whole blood of increment get into container handling 312 ', this is monitored by weight sensor.Shown in Figure 37 C; Blood treatment loop 46 ' be designed to (promptly get into through valve V1 with manipulation pumping plant PP1; V16 comes out through valve) and blood plasma pump PP2 (promptly get into through valve V17, V11 comes out through valve, and valve V9 opens with V10 and closes); With with anticoagulated whole blood from container handling 312 input process chambers 18 ' separate; Simultaneously blood plasma is moved into blood plasma container 304 (through the valve V9 that opens), erythrocyte is moved into erythrocyte container 308 (through the valve V2 that opens), this relative loop 46 and mode of description is identical with the front.This step is proceeded, and is collected in (by the weight sensor monitoring) in the blood plasma collection container 304 up to the volumetrical blood plasma of increment, and perhaps the erythrocyte of a target volume is collected in (by the weight sensor monitoring) in the erythrocyte collection container.When blood treatment was carried out, hocket where necessary alternative suction and discharge circulation of blood donors interface pump PP3 and PP4 was so that remain on the volume of container handling 312 ' middle anticoagulated whole blood between the minimum and maximum of regulation.
2. the erythrocyte that has the online adding of normal saline returns
When requiring that erythrocyte returned to blood donors (seeing Figure 37 D); Blood treatment loop 46 ' be designed to (promptly get into through valve V6 with the suction circulation that operation blood donors interface pump PP3 carried out 10 seconds; Valve V13 and V7 close); With with erythrocyte from erythrocyte container 308 ' suction pump PP3 (through the valve V2, V3 and the V5 that open, valve V10 closes).Simultaneously, blood donors interface pump PP4 is carried out 1 second discharge circulation (come out through valve V14 and V18, valve V12 and V21 close) by operation, with erythrocyte from its chamber through filter chamber 200 ' enter blood donors.
Suction circulation last (seeing Figure 37 E) at pump PP3; Blood treatment loop 46 ' be designed to (promptly get into through valve V7 with the suction circulation that operation blood donors interface pump PP4 carried out 10 seconds; Valve V6 and V14 close), with erythrocyte from erythrocyte container 308 ' suction pump PP4.Simultaneously, blood donors interface pump PP3 is carried out 1 second discharge circulation (come out through valve V13 and V18, valve V12 closes) by operation, with erythrocyte from its chamber through filter chamber 200 ' enter blood donors.These alternate cycles are proceeded, and are returned to blood donors up to required volumetrical erythrocyte.
Simultaneously, valve V24, V20 and V8 open, thus suction plant PP3 or PP4 also with normal saline from normal saline container 288 ' extraction, normal saline is used for mixing with the erythrocyte of suction chamber.As previously mentioned, normal saline and erythrocytic this on-line mixing raise normal saline temperature and improved the comfortableness of blood donors, also reduced erythrocytic haematocrit simultaneously.
Simultaneously; (get into through valve V17, V11 comes out through valve for manipulation pump PP1 (promptly get into through valve V1, V16 comes out through valve) and blood plasma pump PP2; Valve V9 opens); So that anticoagulated whole blood is used for isolating process chamber from container handling 312 inputs, simultaneously blood plasma is moved into blood plasma container 304, the identical mode of mode that adopts relative loop 46 with the front to describe is carried out.
3. the online adding of erythrocyte additional solutions
A blood treatment program that is used for storing by collection at erythrocyte (for example two unit erythrocyte capture programs or erythrocyte and plasma collection procedure); Suction circulation that blood donors interface pump PP3 carried out 10 seconds is operated (promptly through valve V15 and V13 entering in blood treatment loop 46 ' be designed to; Valve V23 opens; Valve V8, V12 and V18 close), with the erythrocyte storage solutions from container 280 ' suction pump PP3 (seeing Figure 38 A).Simultaneously; Loop 46 ' be designed to is operated blood donors interface pump PP4 and is carried out 1 second discharge circulation (V17 comes out through valve; Valve V14 and V18 close); So that being discharged to, the erythrocyte storage solutions preserves (for example container handling 312 (through the valve V4 that opens) or erythrocyte collection container 308 ' (through the valve V5, V3 and the V2 that open, valve V10 closes)) in the erythrocytic container.
Suction circulation last (seeing Figure 38 B) at pump PP3; Blood treatment loop 46 ' be designed to is operated the suction circulation that blood donors interface pump PP4 carried out 10 seconds and (is promptly got into through valve V14; Valve V7, V18, V12 and V13 close), with the erythrocyte storage solutions from container 280 ' suction pump PP4.Simultaneously, blood donors interface pump PP3 is carried out 1 second discharge circulation (V6 comes out through valve, and valve V13 and V12 close) by operation, preserves in the erythrocytic container so that the erythrocyte storage solutions is discharged to.These alternate cycles are proceeded, and are added to erythrocyte up to required volumetrical erythrocyte storage solutions.
4. online leukocyte emptying
Suction circulation last (seeing Figure 39 B) at pump PP3; Blood treatment loop 46 ' be designed to (promptly get into through valve V7 with the suction circulation that operation blood donors interface pump PP4 carried out 10 seconds; Valve V14 and V18 close), with erythrocyte from container 312 ' or 308 ' suction pump PP4.Simultaneously; The discharge that blood donors interface pump PP3 was undertaken 1 second by operation circulates, and (V13 comes out through valve; Valve V12 closes, and valve V15 and V25 open), with erythrocyte through leukocyte filter 293 ' through manage 291 ' be discharged to do not have leukocytic erythrocyte storage capsule 289 ' in.These alternate cycles are proceeded, up to required volumetrical erythrocyte through filter 293 ' input pod 289 ' in.
5. stage by stage buffy coat collection
(see figure 5) in loop 46, buffy coat is gathered through port P4, and this port connects flowline F4, and F4 tells from flowline F26, and it delivers to blood plasma collection container 304 (also seeing Figure 10) with blood plasma from blood plasma pumping plant PP2.Loop 46 ' in (seeing Figure 34), buffy coat is gathered from flowline F6 through port P4, this is controlled by valve V19.Buffy coat is gathered the pipeline line through blood plasma pumping plant PP2, makes blood plasma pumping plant PP2 avoid being exposed to buffy coat, thereby the blood plasma of collection is not polluted by buffy coat.
In separable programming, system controller (describing) with buffy coat remain on separation chamber 18 ' in, apart from the certain distance of low-G wall, leave sampled plasma pipeline 292 (seeing Figure 15 A).When the operation of blood plasma through blood plasma pump PP2 from the chamber 304 ' time of input blood plasma collection container, this can make the buffy coat composition in handling procedure, assemble.
In order to gather accumulative buffy coat composition, the controller opens buffy coat is gathered valve V19, closes inlet valve V17 and the erythrocyte of blood plasma pump PP2 and gathers valve V2.Handle pump PP1 and continue operation, with whole blood bring into chamber 18 ' in.Inlet chamber 18 ' in flowing of whole blood buffy coat is moved on to the low-G wall, bring out a kind of situation (seeing Figure 15 B) of excessively overflowing.Buffy coat composition entering sampled plasma pipeline 292 ' and through port P6 entering flowline F6.Loop 46 ' with the buffy coat composition among the F6 is through the direct intake pipeline F4 of the valve V19 that opens, F4 for get into through port P4 collection container 376 ' pipeline.
When sensing station 332 sensed erythrocytic the existence, valve V19 closed.Blood plasma pumping plant PP2 can be temporarily with opposite flow direction operation (get into through valve V11, V17 comes out through valve, and valve 9 is opened) so that blood plasma manages 292 ' flows to the separation chamber from collection container 302 ' process, with residual erythrocyte from managing 292 ' refunds separation chamber.Controller can continue normal blood plasma and erythrocyte collection again, through open erythrocyte gather valve V2 and operate blood plasma pumping plant PP2 (get into through valve V17, V11 comes out through valve) begin again with blood plasma from the separation chamber input collection container 302 '.
In handling procedure, can bring out the situation of excessively overflowing that causes buffy coat collection campaign, be collected in the buffy coat collection container up to required volumetrical buffy coat at predetermined interval.
Other
Shown in dotted line among Figure 43, pipeline assembly 226 ' can comprise an auxiliary pneumatic actuator A
Auxilliary, its selectively give to cover inner chamber 201 ' flexible membrane apply P
High(seeing Figure 35).As previously mentioned, discharge (through applying P by pumping plant PP1 by actuator PA2
High) whole blood through via hole 203 ' with 205 ' get into flow channel F5, get into process chamber 18 '.In the next stroke of PP1, through applying V by actuator PA2
GeneralWith the whole blood suction PP1 of pumping chamber, stay chamber 201 ' in remaining whole blood through hole 205 ' enter flow channel F5, and pass through A
AuxilliaryThe P that applies
HighEntering process chamber 18 '.Chamber 201 ' also is as a container, with the jerk pump stroke of the processing pump PP1 that decays to process chamber 18 ' work.
Before use, need be to the box 28 shown in Figure 35 and 36 ' carry out performing leak test.Sealing test confirm box 28 ' in pump and valve station do not leak.In this case, need with box 28 ' with separation chamber 26 ' separate.Loop 264 ' in valve V19 and V16 (seeing Figure 34) provide whole blood inlet and chamber 18 ' blood plasma pipe 292 ' and 296 ' between isolation.For provide separate erythrocyte pipe 294 ' ability; Additional valve flow body actuate station VA26 can be added to pipeline assembly 26 ' in, apply malleation, shut off valve V26 when needs are isolated to give valve 26; And apply negative pressure for valve 26, in the time need not isolating, open valve V26.
A. molded process chamber
The embodiment of a centrifugal treating chamber 18 of Figure 21 to 23 expression, it can be used in combination with system 10 shown in Figure 1.
In the embodiment shown, process chamber 18 is prefabricated into required shape and structure, for example through injection mo(u)lding, is processed by a kind of plastic material firm, biological adaptation, for example a kind of medical grade acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) of non-plasticizing.
The precast construction of chamber 18 comprises a molded base portion 388.Base portion 388 comprises a center hub 120.Hub 120 radially centers on (seeing Figure 21 and Figure 23) by inside and outside annular wall 122 and 124.Between them, inside and outside annular wall 122 and 124 defines an annular blood separation passage 126.The bottom (seeing Figure 22) of molded annular wall 148 enclosed slots 126.
The top of groove 126 is by independent molded flat cover 150 sealings (in order to explain, it is illustrated among Figure 21 individually).In linkage editor, lid 150 is fixed to the top of chamber 18, for example through a columniform sonic welded horn.
All profiles, port, groove and the wall that influences the blood separation program in an injection mo(u)lding operation by prefabricated in base portion 388.Perhaps, base portion 388 can be formed by moulded parts independently, or assembly or two symmetric half modules of a cover cup-shaped.
Prefabricated profile, port, groove and wall in base portion 388 can change.In the embodiment shown in Figure 21 to 23, the several of circumferentially spaced extend to inner annular wall 122 to reinforcing wall 128,130 and 132 from hub 120.Reinforcing wall 128,130 and 132 provides certain rigid for chamber 18.
Shown in figure 23, inner annular wall 122 is open between a pair of reinforcing wall 130.Opposed reinforcing wall forms one worn-out mouthful interior zone 134 in hub 120, it is communicated with groove 126.Through this zone 134, blood and liquid are imported into or derived score separate slot 126 from umbilical part 296.
(shown in figure 23) in this embodiment, a molded inwall 136 that is formed in the zone 134 extends fully through groove 126, is connecting the annular wall 124 in the outside.Wall 136 forms a terminal in separation trough 126, this terminal makes along the circumferential flow of groove 126 interrupts.
Molded inwall in addition is divided into three passages 142,144 and 146 with zone 124.Passage 142,144 and 146 is communicated with from hub 120 extensions and with the groove 126 on end wall 136 opposites.Blood and other liquid directly import or derive groove 126 through these passages 142,144 and 146 from hub 120.As will be described in greater detail below, passage 142,144 and 146 can import blood constitutent or derive groove 126 in a different manner.
The downside of base portion 388 (seeing Figure 22) comprises a receptor 179 that becomes definite shape.Three ready-formed nozzles 180 occupy receptor 179.In the passage 142,144 and 146 on each nozzle guiding base portion 388 opposites one.
The far-end of umbilical part 296 comprises an installed part 178 (seeing Figure 24 and 24A) that becomes definite shape.The shape-consistent of the shape of installed part 178 and receptor 179.Therefore installed part 178 can be inserted into (shown in figure 25) in the receptor 179.Installed part 178 comprises inner chamber 398 (seeing Figure 24 A), and it slips over the nozzle 180 in the hub 120, so that umbilical part 296 is communicated with groove 126.
Rib 181 (seeing Figure 22) in the receptor 179 is arranged separately in the keyway 183 that is formed on the installed part 178 (seeing Figure 24 A).The cooperation of the uniqueness between rib 181 and the keyway 183 is set, to confirm a specific direction that installed part 178 is inserted receptor 179.Therefore, guaranteed desired flow direction in umbilical part 296 and passage 142,144 and 146.
In the embodiment shown, umbilical part 296 and installed part 178 are processed by one or more materials that can resist suitable bending and twisting resistance, and in use umbilical part 296 can receive these power.For example can use a kind of Hytrel
polyester material.
This material of very suitable umbilical part 296 is incompatible with the ABS plastic material of base portion, and a kind of material in back is selected and is used to provide a kind of firm, molded blood treatment environment.Therefore installed part 178 can not be received receptor 179 through traditional solvent bonding or ultrasonic bonding technical battery.
In this set, (see Figure 24 and 25), the size Selection of receptor 179 and installed part 178 preferably can provide a dry-pressing closely to cooperate.In addition, a capture pieces 185 that is formed by the ABS material is preferably disposed on around the outside umbilical part 296 of receptor, and contacts with the periphery of receptor 179.Capture pieces 185 is fixed on the periphery of receptor 179, for example through forging and pressing or supersonic welding connection technology.Capture pieces 185 prevents that installed part 178 from separating with the careless of receptor 179.Therefore, even use inconsistent plastic material, umbilical part 296 also can be integrally connected to the base portion 38 of chamber 18.
Centrifugal station 20 (seeing Figure 26 to 28) comprises a centrifugal separating device 48.Centrifugal separating device 48 is configured and is used for holding and supporting molded process chamber 18.
As described, centrifugal separating device 48 comprises a centering frame 154, and this has the end, top and sidewall 156,158,160.The rotation on a bearing element 162 that is connected to diapire 156 of centering frame 154.An electric drive motor 164 is connected to the diapire 156 of centering frame 154 through an axle, so that the frame 154 of feeling relieved is around axis 64 rotations.In the embodiment shown, axis 64 15 degree that on the horizontal plane of base portion 38, tilt approximately, but also can use other angle.
A rotating disk 166 is around the rotation in centering frame 154 of its bearing element 168, and this bearing element is connected to the roof 158 of centering frame 154.The basic rotation axis axis in line with centering frame 154 around one of rotating disk 166 rotates.
The top of process chamber 18 comprises a lip 380, is fixed with on it and covers 150.The clamping element 382 that is supported on rotating disk 166 peripheries is fastened with lip 380, process chamber 18 is fastened on the rotating disk 166 so that rotation.
A sheath 182 of umbilical part 296 near-ends is packed in the support 184 at centrifugal station 20.Support 184 is fixed on a resting position of not rotating with the near-end of umbilical part 296, and this position is aimed at the axis 64 of rotating disk 166 with centering frame 154 in line.
In the rotation program of centering frame 154, the middle part of an outstanding arm 186 contact umbilical parts 296 from the one or both sides of centering frame 154.Receive the restriction (wherein installed part 178 is fixed in the receptor 179) of chamber 16 of support 184 and its far-end of its near-end, when umbilical part 296 during around the axis rotation of centering frame 154, its can be around the axis bending of himself.When umbilical part 296 rotates with centering frame 154 with the rotating speed of Ω, thisly rotating disk 166 is passed in the rotation of twice ω rotating speed, thereby passed to process chamber 18 around reversing of its axis.
Relatively rotating of the centering frame 154 of 1 ω rotating speed and the rotating disk 166 of 2 ω rotating speeds can not twisted umbilical part 296, avoided the needs to rotary seal.Said setting allows that also a CD-ROM drive motor will rotatablely move on the centering frame 154 that is delivered to mutual rotation and the rotating disk 166 through umbilical part 296.The details of this set is disclosed in the United States Patent (USP) 4,120,449 of Brown, and the document here is cited as a reference.
Blood is imported into process chamber 18, and when it rotates, separates therein.
In a kind of mobile setting (seeing Figure 29), when process chamber 18 rotations (seeing the arrow R among Figure 29), umbilical part 296 passes through whole blood in passage 146 input slots 126.The direction mobile (being counterclockwise in Figure 29) that whole blood edge in groove 126 is identical with rotation.Perhaps, chamber 18 can be to rotate with the circumferential flow of whole blood direction in the opposite direction, and is promptly clockwise.The centrifugal force that mode produces shown in Figure 15 A separates whole blood.Erythrocyte gets rid of to height-G wall 124, and lighter plasma fraction is thrown toward low-G wall 122.
In this type of flow, the height-G wall 124 of a retaining wall 384 in groove 126 is outstanding.Retaining wall 384 stops blood plasma to pass through, and allows that erythrocyte flows in the groove 386 in height-G wall 124.Groove 386 imports umbilical part 296 with erythrocyte through radial passage 144.Plasma fraction is imported umbilical parts 296 from groove 126 through radial passage 142.
Because erythrocyte drain tank 386 extends to height-G wall 124 outsides; Thereby the distance from rotation axis is also far away than height-G wall; During blood treatment; Erythrocyte drain tank 386 allows that the interface between erythrocyte and the buffy coat is very near from height-G wall, and does not make buffy coat overflow into erythrocyte acquisition channel 144 (producing a kind of situation of excessively overflowing).Therefore drain tank 386 makes erythrocytic output maximum (in an erythrocyte capture program) or allows and gather a kind of hematoblastic blood plasma (in a plasma collection procedure) that do not have basically.
Another kind flow be provided with in (seeing Figure 30), umbilical part 296 with whole blood through in passage 142 input slots 126.Process chamber 18 is with the direction rotation (see arrow R in Figure 30) identical with whole blood flow direction (being clockwise direction in Figure 30).Perhaps, chamber 18 with the circumferential flow direction of whole blood, the direction rotation that promptly clockwise direction is opposite.The centrifugal force that mode produces shown in Figure 15 A separates whole blood.Erythrocyte gets rid of to height-G wall 124, and lighter plasma fraction is thrown toward low-G wall 122.
In this type of flow, retaining wall 384 (front is described) prevention blood plasma passes through, and allows that erythrocyte flows in the groove 386.Groove 386 imports umbilical part 296 with erythrocyte through radial passage 144.Plasma fraction is imported umbilical parts 296 from the opposite end of groove 126 through radial passage 146.
In optional mobile setting of another kind (seeing Figure 31), umbilical part 296 passes through whole blood in passage 144 input slots 126.Process chamber 18 is with the direction rotation (see arrow R in Figure 31) identical with whole blood flow direction (being clockwise direction in Figure 31).Perhaps, chamber 18 promptly counterclockwise rotates with the direction in the opposite direction with the circumferential flow of whole blood.The centrifugal force that mode produces shown in Figure 15 A separates whole blood.Erythrocyte gets rid of to height-G wall 124, and lighter plasma fraction is thrown toward low-G wall 122.
In this flow pattern, the partition wall 385 that is positioned at groove 126 opposite ends stops blood plasma to pass through, but allows that erythrocyte flows in the groove 387.Groove 387 imports erythrocyte in the omphalion 296 through radial passage 146.Plasma fraction from the other end of groove 126 in the 142 input omphalions 296 of radial passage.In this structure, the existence of partition wall 384 and flute profile passage 386 (front is described) can make the whole blood stream (in passage 144) of entering separate with the plasma flow (in passage 142) of output.If desired, this fluidal texture makes and is rich in hematoblastic sampled plasma and becomes possibility.
In another kind of fluidal texture, (see Figure 32), passage 144 is with the direction different with passage 142 and 146, extend in the groove 126 from hub 120.In this structure, end wall 136 makes passage 142 separate with 146, and passage 144 the position between passage 142 and 146 be communicated with groove 126.In this structure, omphalion 296 through passage 146 with whole blood input slot 126 in.Process chamber 18 is with the direction rotation (in Figure 32 arrow R) identical with whole blood flow direction (clockwise direction among Figure 32).Perhaps, chamber 18 promptly counterclockwise rotates with the direction opposite with the tangent line flow direction of whole blood.With mode shown in Figure 15 A, because the result of centrifugal force, separation of whole blood.Force erythrocyte to flow, and make of wall 122 motions of lighter plasma fraction towards low-G towards the wall 124 of height G.
In this flow pattern, passage 144 is carried blood plasma from groove 126, and passage 142 is carried erythrocyte from groove 126 simultaneously.
As previously mentioned, in any flow pattern shown in Figure 28-32, chamber 18 can with groove 126 in whole blood tangent line mobile phase with or the rotation of opposite direction.In any situation, all can produce described blood separation.But, have been found that in separable programming with groove 126 in the identical direction turning cell 18 of whole blood flow direction can make interference, for example Coriolis effect is reduced to minimum, thereby improves separating effect.
Embodiment
At different experimental sessions, whole blood is separated into erythrocyte and blood plasma in chamber shown in Figure 28 18.In a chamber (being called as chamber 1), flow with the identical direction tangent line of chamber 18 direction of rotation (being that chamber 18 is along rotation counterclockwise) in whole blood edge in groove 126.In another chamber 18 (being called as chamber 2), flow with the opposite direction tangent line of chamber direction of rotation (being that chamber 18 is along rotating along counter clockwise direction) in whole blood edge in groove 126.For different blood flow volumes, measure the erythrocytic average haematocrit of being gathered, and under the various combination of erythrocyte inlet flow velocity and blood plasma exit velocity, carry out.Below table has been summed up each result of experiment.
Table 1
(direction with identical with rotation flows)
| ? | The haematocrit (%) of average whole blood | The erythrocytic average haematocrit of being gathered |
| The blood sampling quantity that is processed | ? | ? |
| 7 | 45.4 | 74.8 |
| 4 | 40 | 78.8 |
Table 2
(direction with opposite with rotation flows)
| ? | The haematocrit (%) of average whole blood | The erythrocytic average haematocrit of being gathered |
| The blood sampling quantity that is processed | ? | ? |
| 3 | 43.5 | 55.5 |
| 2 | 42.25 | 58.28 |
Table 1 shows that with 2 when the direction identical with rotation of the blood edge in the chamber flowed, erythrocytic haematocrit ratio was big when flowing in opposite direction.Higher erythrocyte yield also means higher blood plasma yield.
Figure 33 represent a chamber 18 ', its have one with the similar single entry molded base 388 shown in Figure 21 to 23 ', but form two runners 126 ' with 390 therein.Runner 126 ' with 390 as shown in the figure be eccentric, but they needn't be done like this.Chamber 18 ' have many with Figure 23 in the identical architectural feature in chamber 18.Identical architectural feature is marked by the same reference numerals by the asterisk labelling.
Pedestal 388 ' a comprise center hub 120 ', its by inside and outside annular wall 122 ' with 124 ' radial loop around, between them, be limited with circumferential blood separation groove 126 '.In this embodiment, one second inner annular wall 392 radially around hub 120 '.At interior annular wall 122 ' and define the second circumferential blood separation groove 390 between 392.This structure has formed eccentric outside and inner separating tank 126 ' with 390.
Contiguous partition wall 384 ' annular wall 122 ' in one cut off 394 externally and inner separating tank 126 ' and set up the relation that fluid is communicated with between 390.Inwall 396 groove 126 ' and 390 opposed end between stoped the fluid connection.
When process chamber 18 ' rotation (the arrow R among Figure 33), umbilical part 296 through passage 144 ' with whole blood input slot 126 ' in.The direction that whole blood is identical with direction of rotation on groove 126 ' middle edge mobile (being counterclockwise in Figure 33).Perhaps, chamber 18 ' with the opposite direction of whole blood tangent line flow direction, i.e. rotation counterclockwise.The centrifugal force that produces with mode shown in Figure 15 A makes separation of whole blood.Make the wall 124 of erythrocyte Chao Gao-G ' flow, and make lighter plasma fraction towards the wall 122 of low-G ' flow.
As previously mentioned, partition wall 384 ' prevention blood plasma passes through, allow simultaneously erythrocyte flow into the wall 124 of height-G ' in groove 386 ' in.Groove 386 ' through radial passage 142 ' erythrocyte is imported in the umbilical part 296.Plasma fraction from groove 126 ', cut off 394 through discontinuities and be transfused to inner separation trough 390.
Plasma flow with the direction tangent line that external slot 126 ' middle whole blood flow direction the is opposite interior groove 390 of flowing through.With centrifugal force response, remain in platelet in the blood plasma against annular wall 124 ' move.Groove 390 with plasma fraction be directed to chamber 18 ' same side, at this place, whole blood is imported into earlier.Through passage 146 ' from groove 390, carry plasma fraction.
VIII. other blood treatment function
Through describing separation of whole blood is that ingredient is so that storage and blood constitutent therapy have been explained many characteristics of the present invention.This is because the present invention can be used to carry out these blood treatment programs well.But should be appreciated that characteristic of the present invention can be used in other the blood treatment program equally.
For example; Used a kind of system and method for the case able to programme that links to each other with the blood treatment chamber can in operation, be used for cleaning or remedying blood cell; Or be used to treat the exchange of blood plasma, or be used for making blood in other any program of the extracorporeal path circulation that is used for treating.
Characteristic of the present invention should be limited in the following claim.
Claims (7)
1. blood processing may further comprise the steps:
The first and second fluid pressure actuated pumps stations are arranged between a fluid source and the destination online connection;
Apply the fluid pressure pump stroke to first and second pumping plants, fluid is transported to said destination from said source;
Between first flow pattern and second flow pattern, change, in first flow pattern, pump stroke is pumped into said first pumping plant with Fluid Volume from said fluid source, and Fluid Volume is discharged to said destination from second pumping plant; In second flow pattern, pump stroke is pumped into said second pumping plant with Fluid Volume from said fluid source, and Fluid Volume is discharged to said destination from first pumping plant;
Make said pump stroke synchronous, so that fluid source is left in the basic continuous-flow of fluid, and fluid is to flow to destination with pulsing,
Wherein, said source is selected from blood collection container, storage container or treatment fluid sources; And
Said destination is selected from blood collection container, storage container or treatment fluid sources.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that said destination comprises pot strainer.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that said source comprises the fluid treatment container.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said synchronizing step makes said pump stroke synchronous, so that when applying positive fluid pressure, the excavationg pump stroke is the discharge currents scale of construction from a pumping plant; When applying minus fluid pressure, the suction pump stroke is to another pumping plant inlet flow scale of construction.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the said suction pump stroke persistent period is than said excavationg pump stroke longer duration.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the excavationg pump stroke of a said pumping plant takes place when the suction pump stroke of another said pumping plant begins.
7. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said excavationg pump stroke applies positive air pressure, and said suction pump applies minus air pressure.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/390,265 | 1999-09-03 | ||
| US09/390,265 US6723062B1 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 1999-09-03 | Fluid pressure actuated blood pumping systems and methods with continuous inflow and pulsatile outflow conditions |
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| CNB008018510A Division CN100379472C (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2000-08-29 | Fluid pressure actuated blood pumping systems and methods with continuous inflow and pulsatile outflow conditions |
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| CN101259296B true CN101259296B (en) | 2012-12-19 |
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| DE102011108786A1 (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-01-31 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Method for determining at least one parameter of extracorporeal blood circulation and devices |
| US9383044B2 (en) * | 2013-02-15 | 2016-07-05 | Fenwal, Inc. | Low cost umbilicus without overmolding |
| CN103721305B (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2016-03-23 | 深圳市普特生物医学工程有限公司 | Blood leucocyte filters monitoring system and method |
| JP6619575B2 (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2019-12-11 | 日機装株式会社 | Blood purification equipment |
| KR102460052B1 (en) | 2016-07-26 | 2022-10-31 | 뉴라비 리미티드 | A thrombus recovery system to remove an occlusive thrombus from a blood vessel |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4047844A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-09-13 | Searle Cardio-Pulmonary Systems Inc. | Blood pumping system |
| US4479761A (en) * | 1982-12-28 | 1984-10-30 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Actuator apparatus for a prepackaged fluid processing module having pump and valve elements operable in response to externally applied pressures |
| US4479760A (en) * | 1982-12-28 | 1984-10-30 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Actuator apparatus for a prepackaged fluid processing module having pump and valve elements operable in response to applied pressures |
| US5350357A (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1994-09-27 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Peritoneal dialysis systems employing a liquid distribution and pumping cassette that emulates gravity flow |
| US5746708A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1998-05-05 | Baxter International Inc. | Peristaltic pump tube holder with pump tube shield and cover |
-
2000
- 2000-08-29 CN CN 200810005883 patent/CN101259296B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4047844A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-09-13 | Searle Cardio-Pulmonary Systems Inc. | Blood pumping system |
| US4479761A (en) * | 1982-12-28 | 1984-10-30 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Actuator apparatus for a prepackaged fluid processing module having pump and valve elements operable in response to externally applied pressures |
| US4479760A (en) * | 1982-12-28 | 1984-10-30 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Actuator apparatus for a prepackaged fluid processing module having pump and valve elements operable in response to applied pressures |
| US5350357A (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1994-09-27 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Peritoneal dialysis systems employing a liquid distribution and pumping cassette that emulates gravity flow |
| US5746708A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1998-05-05 | Baxter International Inc. | Peristaltic pump tube holder with pump tube shield and cover |
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