CN101261711A - 对在线商业站点进行第三方访问的优先级设置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了对在线商业站点(106)进行第三方访问的优先级设置。使用API函数调用来访问在线商业站点(106)的第三方应用被访问规则限制到特定的服务。访问规则定义了当特定的第三方应用使用特定的API函数调用时可访问在线商业站点(106)上的哪个API服务器(140)。按照这种方式,在线商业站点(106)的运营者可基于具体的第三方应用和API函数调用,逐个服务级别协议地对服务器访问进行优先级设置。
Description
本申请是申请日为2002年12月13日、申请号为02825513.5、发明名称为“对在线商业站点进行第三方访问的优先级设置”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及网络计算领域。更具体地说,本发明涉及对在线(online)商业站点进行第三方访问的优先级设置(prioritization)。
背景技术
在线商业市场使得用户可以(例如通过在线拍卖网站)向地理上分散的消费者购买和出售货物和服务。一般地,用户采用自动化的过程在在线商业站点上购买或出售他们自己的产品。通过与已建立的在线商业站点合作,用户(例如商人)避免了白手起家地建立在线商业基础设施的成本,从而可以迅速地进入在线市场,在大量购买者和销售者之外还可访问大量的货物与服务。
允许对在线商业站点进行不受控制的访问存在一些缺点,例如由于在在线商业站点上执行的处理的增加而导致系统资源的耗尽。例如,第三方可以利用自动化程序,在各种不可预测的时间从在线商业站点提取信息,例如产品上架信息和定价信息。所述自动化程序可对在线商业站点带来沉重的负荷,这一负荷对在线商业站点的所有用户的响应时间都造成了显著的延迟。这些响应时间延迟最终可能会使得该站点的消费者感到很沮丧,使得他们不再使用该在线商业站点,而是寻求另一个电子商业站点进行商业活动。
发明内容
本发明提供了对在线商业站点进行用户在线访问的优先级设置。使用API函数调用来访问在线商业站点的第三方应用被访问规则限制到特定服务。访问规则定义了当特定的第三方应用使用特定API函数调用时可访问在线商业站点上的哪个API服务器。按照这种方式,在线商业站点的运营者可基于具体的第三方应用和API函数调用,逐个服务级别协议地对服务器访问进行优先级设置。
附图说明
参考下述用于说明本发明实施例的描述和附图可最佳地理解本发明。在附图中:
图1示出了根据一个实施例的在线商业系统;
图2是一个流程图,示出了根据一个实施例,在线商业站点上的访问规则处理;
图3是一个流程图,示出了根据一个实施例,在第三方应用服务器上使用访问规则的过程;
图4示出了在在线商业服务器上使用访问规则和频率使用极限的一个实施例的流程图;并且
图5示出了适于实施本发明的示例性计算机系统。
具体实施方式
在下面的描述中,给出了大量具体细节以提供对本发明的透彻理解。然而,应当理解到没有这些具体细节也可实施本发明。此外,未详细示出一些公知的电路、结构和技术,以免模糊本发明。
在此描述了对在线商业站点进行用户在线访问的优先级设置。根据一个实施例,在线商业商人配置访问规则以对第三方在线访问进行优先级设置。访问规则定义了第三方可以如何访问在线商业站点。例如,利用访问规则,用户可被限制到在线商业站点上的特定服务器上的特定服务,从而向在线商业站点的运营者提供有关用户对该在线商业站点进行访问的可预测性。按照这种方式,在线商业站点的运营者可以商定一个服务级别协议,以提供对具有预定服务级别的特定服务器的访问,下面将进一步描述。
图1示出了根据一个实施例的在线商业系统100。第三方服务器区域102、网络区域104和在线商业站点106共同组成了在线商业系统100。
第三方服务器区域102包括第三方应用服务器110和115。在线商业区域106包括应用程序接口(API)服务器140、142和144,以及数据存储设备150、152、154和156。API服务器140、142和144中的任何一个都可访问数据存储设备150、152、154和156中的任何一个。网络区域104包括网络130(例如因特网)。网络130在第三方服务器区域102中的第三方应用服务器110和115中任意之一与在线商业站点106的API服务器140、142和144中任意之一之间提供连接。在多个API服务器140、142、144之间,可基于服务级别协议来对第三方应用服务器110、115的访问进行优先顺序排列,下面将进一步描述。
一般地,在客户端/服务器类型的环境中,第三方开发者在第三方应用服务器110和115上创建应用来访问可在在线商业站点106上获得的信息和服务。例如,当在线商业站点106作为在线拍卖站点而运营时,该在线拍卖站点可将定价和产品信息存储在数据存储设备150、152、154和156中。第三方应用服务器110、115所支持的应用可使用采用标准XML(可扩展置标语言)的HTML表单或CGI程序,并且可用C++、Pascal或其他任何能够通过网络130(例如因特网)来发出数据请求的其他编程语言来编写。在一个实施例中,第三方应用服务器110、115所支持的每一个第三方应用都使用API(应用编程接口)来访问在线商业站点106提供的服务。一般地,API是一些标准编程接口(即契约),其定义了由在线商业站点106向第三方软件程序员发布的函数调用的输入和输出,以通过应用程序而自动化对在线商业站点106上的服务的访问(例如创建一个应用来进行拍卖并管理拍卖和用户信息)。
在一个实施例中,第三方应用在访问在线商业站点106上的服务之前必须获得(多个)访问规则。例如,访问规则可包括指向API服务器140、142或144的URL(统一资源定位符),当第三方应用110和115访问在线商业站点106的服务时将与上述API服务器相连接(或通信)。按照这种方式,所述URL按照服务级别协议,将特定用户定向到在线商业站点106上的特定API服务器。还可将访问规则配置为:基于将要使用的特定API函数调用,将特定的用户定向到具有不同服务级别的API服务器。例如,当服务于“GetItem”API函数调用以获取描述通过在线商业站点106待售的货品的信息时,第三方应用服务器110可(通过存储在访问规则中的URL)被定向为连接到API服务器140。
在在线商业站点106上配置(多个)访问规则。例如,在线商业站点106的管理员可通过管理员入口160来配置存储在数据存储设备150中的访问规则。在一个实施例中,每个规则在数据库表中都具有对应于一种API函数调用类型的记录。具体地说,所述表包括用于每个API函数调用的Rule_ID、APP_ID、CallName(调用名称)和URL字段。Rule_ID字段存储特定规则的标识符。APP_ID字段存储第三方应用的标识符。CallName字段存储API函数调用的名称。URL字段存储当第三方应用利用与CallName相关联的API函数调用时应当使用的URL。按照这种方式,管理员逐个服务级别协议地将每个访问规则配置到特定的第三方应用所使用的API函数,以(通过给定的URL)连接到特定的API服务器。访问规则还可包括限制第三方应用访问的频率使用信息,下面将进一步描述。
在一个实施例中,在第三方应用访问在线商业站点106的服务之前,(多个)访问规则驻留在第三方应用服务器上。第三方应用可使用API函数调用来从在线商业站点106请求(多个)访问规则,下面将进一步描述。
应该认识到,按照这种方式,在线商业商人可对第三方应用服务器110和115对在线商业站点106上的API服务器140、142和144的访问进行优先级设置。例如,在线商业商人可协商来向第三方应用服务器110提供特级服务级别(例如保证更快的响应时间),并向第三方应用服务器115提供标准服务级别。API服务器142可被指定为特级服务器(例如,由于最少数量的第三方应用可访问API服务器142,因此API服务器142具有额外的可用资源和服务),而API服务器144可被指定为标准服务器。因此,与第三方应用服务器110上的应用相关联的访问规则为特级访问请求定义了到API服务器142的连接,而与第三方应用服务器115上的应用相关联的访问规则为标准访问请求定义了到API服务器144的连接。
第三方应用可周期性地(例如每个晚上)调度对(多个)访问规则的请求。按照这种方式,第三方应用可接收管理员在分析了所有第三方应用的使用模式之后而执行的任何访问规则更新。继续所述示例,如果确定API服务器142上的特级服务所提供的响应时间不可接受,则管理员可修改相应的访问规则,以将第三方应用服务器110重定向成连接到API服务器144上的特级服务,而非如以前所定义的那样连接到API服务器142。
图2是一个流程图,示出了根据一个实施例,在线商业站点106上的访问规则处理。
在方框210,API服务器140接收来自第三方应用的访问规则请求。如上所述,所述请求可能源自API函数调用。在一个实施例中,函数调用请求通过URL请求串而从第三方应用传递到在线商业站点106。使用URL请求串通过HTTP传输协议来进行API函数调用,这样API函数就独立于所提供的平台。因此,第三方应用可以位于任何能执行因特网功能的机器上,包括微软Windows、Unix、Linux或Macintosh计算机等等。
在判决框220,API服务器140确定所述请求是否有效。在一个实施例中,所述请求包括应用标识符、开发者标识符和会话证书。应用标识符用于标识发送了所述请求的第三方应用。在一个实施例中,会话证书是第三方应用独有的字符串。对每种API函数调用类型,将第三方应用的会话证书串与开发者标识符和应用标识符一起传递,并且API服务器140、142和144使用所述会话证书串来校验所述请求。
在方框225,所述请求未通过校验,将错误结果的描述性消息返回到发出请求的第三方应用。
在方框230,如果第三方应用请求通过了校验,则将用于所述被标识的第三方应用的预定义服务级别的(多个)访问规则返回到发出请求的第三方应用。例如,API服务器140可访问数据存储设备150上的访问规则数据库表,以获得与所述请求的应用标识符相关联的所有访问规则。将被返回到发出请求的第三方应用的每个访问规则都包括CallName和URL,当第三方应用进行与该CallName相关联的API函数调用时应当使用所述CallName和URL,下面将进一步描述。按照这种方式,第三方应用将被定向到提供适当的服务级别的API服务器140、142、144。
图3是一个流程图,示出了根据一个实施例,在第三方应用服务器上使用访问规则的过程。在方框310,第三方应用向API服务器发出访问规则请求。可以向预定义的API服务器、或者在线商业站点106上的任意一个API服务器发出上述请求。
在方框320,第三方应用接收合适的访问规则。一接收到访问规则,第三方应用就将所述访问规则保存在数据仓库(data store)中,例如存储设备、存储器和数据库。
在方框330,第三方应用将要对在线商业站点106执行API函数调用。用于在线拍卖站点的API函数的示例包括:AddItem函数(向在线商业站点发出拍卖货品的请求);GetItem函数(用来查询在线商业站点以获取某个拍卖货品的信息);GetSellerList函数(查询在线商业站点并获取特定用户/商人正在出售的货品的列表);GetSearchResults(在在线商业站点上搜索货品)等等。在名为“Method and Apparatus to Facilitate aTransaction within a Network-Based Auction Facility”的美国专利申请中描述了访问在线拍卖站点的其他API示例,所述申请的序列号为09/999,618,受让人为eBay公司。
在方框340,从与所期望的API函数调用相关联的访问规则中获得URL。所述URL是从数据仓库中具有与所期望的API函数调用相关联的CallName的访问规则中获取的。再一次地,所述URL可将用户定向到对所协商的服务级别提供服务的API服务器。
在方框350,一获得合适的URL,第三方应用就将所涉及的API函数调用应用到在线商业站点106上合适的API服务器。
图4示出了在在线商业站点上使用访问规则和频率使用极限的一个实施例的流程图。在方框410,API服务器140-144接收对在线商业站点106上的服务进行访问的请求。如上所述,所述请求例如可以是为获得出售者货品列表的API函数调用(例如GetSellerItemList API函数)。
在判决框420,对所述请求进行校验。如果所述请求是有效的,则控制继续到方框430。如果所述请求未通过校验,则控制继续到方框425。包含在API函数调用头部中的应用标识符、开发者标识符、会话证书或其任意组合可被用来基于存储在在线商业站点106上的相关联的(或相匹配的)访问规则来校验所述请求。
校验还可包括确定发出请求的API函数调用是否指向合适的API服务器。第三方应用可连接到在访问规则中它已被指定到的API服务器。继续所述示例,如果第三方应用服务器115的访问规则(通过存储在与GetItemList API函数相关联的访问规则中的URL)定义了将要对API服务器142执行GetItemList API函数,则进行校验的API服务器将校验请求是不是向合适的142做出的。
在方框425,所述请求未通过校验,将描述性消息返回到发出请求的第三方应用。
在方框430,合适的API服务器确定第三方应用是否已超过了预定义的最大频率使用级别。例如,管理员可将第三方应用限制为单位时间内只可进行特定数量的交易(例如每天80,000次搜索)。如果第三方应用已超过了最大频率使用,则控制继续到方框460。如果第三方应用还未超过最大频率使用,则控制继续到方框440。按照这种方式,方框430象一个电路断路器(breaker)一样工作,以在第三方访问超过所协商的交易极限时限制第三方访问。
在另一个实施例中,方框430可确定第三方应用是否已超过其他预定义的最大频率使用级别,例如预定义的时间范围(例如每天、每小时)内的最大调用次数、最大同时调用次数、调用是否处于一天中的预定义时间内等等。
在方框440,第三方应用还未超过最大频率使用级别,因此执行API函数调用,并且如果需要的话则还增大使用频率计数器。继续所述示例,所执行的交易结果的数量可被添加到用于特定第三方应用的最大频率使用计数器。最大频率使用计数器值可存储在API服务器的存储器中,或存储在数据库150、152、154和156之一中。
在方框445,API服务器返回交易结果,直至达到最大频率使用级别。因此,如果第三方应用在执行所请求的交易时达到了最大频率使用,则只有那些低于最大频率使用级别的交易才可被发送到第三方应用。控制然后继续到方框445。
在方框460,第三方应用已超过最大频率使用,描述性消息被返回到发出请求的第三方应用。
在图5中示出了适于管理访问规则的API服务器的一个示例。计算机系统540包括耦合到系统总线565的处理器550、存储器555和输入/输出功能块560。存储器555被配置用来存储若干指令,所述指令被处理器550执行时将执行在此描述的方法。存储器555还可存储访问规则。输入/输出功能块560向某一设备提供软件的传递与显示,并允许对其访问规则进行修改。输入/输出功能块560还包含各种类型的机器可读介质,包括可由处理器550访问的任何类型的存储设备(例如偏好数据库240)。图5的描述用来提供对适于实现本发明的计算机硬件和其他操作元件的概览,而非对适用环境的限制。应该认识到,计算机系统540是具有不同体系结构的许多可能的计算机系统的一个示例。典型的计算机系统通常至少包括处理器、存储器以及将存储器耦合到处理器的总线。本领域内的技术人员将会立即认识到,可用其他计算机系统配置来实施本发明,包括多处理器系统、微计算机、大型计算机等等。本发明还可在分布式计算环境中实施,在上述环境中,任务由通过通信网络而链接的远程处理设备来执行。可以认识到,更多或更少的过程可被包含在图2和3所示出的方法中,而不会偏离本发明的范围,并且在此所示出和描述的方框设置并未隐含任何特定的顺序。还可认识到,结合图2和3描述的方法可包含在机器可执行指令例如软件中。所述指令可被用来使得用所述指令来编程的通用或专用处理器执行所描述的操作。或者,所述操作可由专用硬件元件来执行,所述元件包含用于执行所述操作的硬布线逻辑,或者由被编程的计算机元件和定制硬件元件的任何组合来执行。所述方法可作为计算机程序产品而被提供,所述产品可包括其上存储有指令的计算机可读介质,所述指令可用来对计算机(或其它电子设备)编程以执行所述方法。对于本说明书,术语“机器可读介质”应被理解成包括能够存储或编码指令序列的任何介质,所述指令由某种机器来执行,并使得该机器能够执行本发明的方法中的任意之一。术语“机器可读介质”相应地应被理解成包括但不局限于固态存储器、光磁盘以及编码数据信号的载波。而且,在本领域内以各种形式(例如程序、过程、处理、应用、模块、逻辑……)提及软件时,将之看作为采取一个动作或产生一个结果是很通常的。这种表述只是下述说法的一种简要方式,即计算机对所述软件的执行使得该计算机的处理器执行一个动作或获得一个结果。
应该认识到,通过向第三方应用提供访问规则以确定访问哪个API服务器,在线商业商人可对第三方应用访问在线商业站点106的方式进行优先级设置和控制。当需要实现任何必要的服务级别时,在线商业站点106可根据正被访问的服务或顾客的类别而对访问进行优先级设置。按照这种方式,可向特定的第三方应用提供特级服务,从而确保特级站点上的服务的可用性,除此之外,还要其他优点。
另外,只有具有合适的访问规则的那些第三方应用和API函数调用才可访问API服务器,从而防止了其他方通过使用分配给另一个第三方应用的特定URL来共享服务。另外,由于单个第三方应用可基于特定的API函数调用来访问不同的API服务器,因此本发明还防止了第三方用户任意地选择API服务器中的任何一个。
虽然在此描述的示例性实施例详细描述了在线拍卖商人是如何利用访问规则对来自API函数调用的第三方应用请求进行优先级设置的,但是应该理解,本发明并不局限于对第三方应用对在线拍卖站点的访问进行优先级设置。或者,访问规则可被用来对其它在线商业环境、或者对在线商业工具提供的其他服务的访问进行优先级设置。
虽然本发明描述了第三方应用如何连接到API服务器,但是在其他实施例中,第三方应用可连接到API服务器池(例如多个API服务器),所述API服务器池由一个协调负载平衡器进行控制并对相同的URL做出响应。负载平衡的网络拓扑在本领域内是公知的,在此未详细描述以免模糊本发明。
还应理解到,访问规则可通过所描述的API函数之外的手段被传递到第三方应用服务器。在其他实施例中,访问规则可由其他公知的传输机制来传输到第三方应用服务器,仍处于本发明的范围之内。另外,在一些实施例中,访问规则不是抢先式地传输到第三方应用服务器,相反地,第三方应用服务器在执行特定的API函数之前搜索在线商业站点上的访问规则,以确定在访问在线商业站点106时应连接到哪个API服务器。
尽管已根据若干实施例描述了本发明,但是本领域内的技术人员将会认识到本发明并不局限于所描述的实施例。本发明的方法和装置可被修改和变动,仍处于本发明的精神和范围之内。因此以上描述应被看作为对本发明的说明而非限制。
Claims (24)
1.一种辅助对在线商业站点进行访问的方法,包括:
在在线商业站点处从客户端接收对访问规则的请求;以及
用所述访问规则来应答所述请求,其中,执行API函数调用时所述访问规则将所述客户端定向到某个API服务器。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述API函数调用用于执行辅助在线商业的函数。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述API函数调用用于获取与通过在线商业站点可用于交易的货品有关的信息。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述访问规则包括指向所述API服务器的URL。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述访问规则包括CallName,其描述与被返回的访问规则相关联的API函数调用。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述请求包括用于标识被返回的访问规则的应用标识符。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述请求包括用于标识被返回的访问规则的开发者标识符。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述请求包括会话证书以校验发出请求的所述客户端。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
响应于从所述客户端接收到请求,搜索数据库表以获得包含所述访问规则的记录,从而对所述客户端进行应答。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中对所述数据库表进行的搜索用于基于所述客户端的标识来定位访问规则。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述在线商业站点包括多个API服务器,并且所述访问规则将所述客户端定向到所述API服务器,以向所述客户端提供与所述API服务器相关联的预定服务级别。
12.一种辅助对在线商业站点进行访问的方法,包括:
从服务器请求访问规则;
接收所述访问规则,所述访问规则包括API服务器的URL;以及
对所述API服务器的URL执行API函数调用。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,还包括将所述访问规则存储在数据仓库中。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,还包括从存储在所述数据仓库中的访问规则获得与所述API函数相关联的URL。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述请求被周期性地调度执行。
16.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述服务器是在线商业拍卖服务器。
17.一种辅助对在线商业站点进行访问的方法,包括:
在数据仓库中搜索访问规则,所述访问规则包括API服务器的URL;以及
对所述API服务器的URL执行API函数调用。
18.一种系统,包括:
网络;
能够做出API函数调用的应用服务器;以及
API服务器,用于在从所述应用服务器接收到对访问规则的请求时,通过所述网络将所述访问规则发送到所述应用服务器,所述访问规则包括URL。
19.如权利要求18所述的系统,其中所述API服务器基于存储在所述请求中的标识符是否与存储在所述访问规则中的标识符相关联来校验所述API函数调用。
20.如权利要求19所述的系统,其中所述API服务器基于所述访问规则中的URL是否与所述API服务器相关联来校验所述API函数调用。
21.如权利要求18所述的系统,其中所述API函数调用是通过URL请求串进行的。
22.如权利要求18所述的系统,其中所述应用服务器将所获取的访问规则存储在数据仓库中。
23.如权利要求18所述的系统,其中所述应用服务器从所获取的访问规则中获得所述URL,以确定一个API服务器,在API函数调用内向该API服务器作出交易请求。
24.如权利要求18所述的系统,其中所述API服务器接收所述交易请求,并在确定是否未超过所述最大使用频率极限后执行所述交易请求。
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