CN101267855A - 针的缩回结构 - Google Patents

针的缩回结构 Download PDF

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CN101267855A
CN101267855A CNA2006800349266A CN200680034926A CN101267855A CN 101267855 A CN101267855 A CN 101267855A CN A2006800349266 A CNA2006800349266 A CN A2006800349266A CN 200680034926 A CN200680034926 A CN 200680034926A CN 101267855 A CN101267855 A CN 101267855A
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needle assembly
elongate housing
actuator
closed block
push
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CN101267855B (zh
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S·琼斯
G·克拉克
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Covidien LP
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Tyco Healthcare Group LP
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    • A61B5/150656—Protective sleeves which are axially extensible, e.g. sleeves connected to, or integrated in, the piercing or driving device; pivotable protective sleeves comprising means to impede repositioning of protection sleeve from covering to uncovering position semi-automatically triggered, i.e. in which the triggering of the protective sleeve requires a deliberate action by the user, e.g. manual release of spring-biased extension means
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Abstract

提供一种安全针装置，该安全针装置具有任意细长外壳和可移动到所述细长外壳内的针组件。缩回结构设置用于使所述针组件从相对于细长外壳伸出的第一位置移动到位于细长外壳内的缩回位置。闭锁部件设置用于在使用之前固定所述缩回结构。所述闭锁部件可插入缩回结构和相应的细长外壳和/或针组件之间。

Description

针的缩回结构
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求2005年9月22日提交的、序列号为No.60/719,881的美国临时专利申请的优先权，该专利申请整体结合于此供参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于多种静脉操作中的安全针。更具体地，本公开涉及一种安全针，该安全针具有缩回结构和用于防止缩回结构的意外致动的安全套。
背景技术
皮下注射针用于需要流体样本、经皮的药物注射或其它的将流体输送到患者体内或从患者体内抽出流体的多种医疗操作中的静脉进入。已知的多种静脉针组件可能主要包括血液采集针、输注针、血液透析针、与血液采集袋相连的针等。与静脉针的使用相关的问题可能包括针扎伤、针相对于输注管的稳定性以及插入患者体内和从患者体内抽出的容易性。
一些与危险针相关的健康危险是暴露于包括艾滋病病毒、肝炎和其它血液携带的病原体。医护人员处于这样的危险中，即接触这些来自在医疗、牙科、实验室等操作过程中使用受污染的针而被感染的病人的血液携带的病原体。
已经应用了多种防护装置或防护套来遮护针的尖锐尖端，以便排除针扎伤使用者的危险。此外，许多针装置包括自动缩回系统的预防措施，以便在使用完之后将针遮护在与针组件相连的外壳内。但是，这些缩回机构可能在使用之前，例如在运输或打开包装期间被意外地致动，由此使针装置不适于使用。包括弹簧加载的缩回机构的装置的例子包括授予Shaw的美国专利5,423,758、授予Shaw的美国专利5,779,679、授予Botich的美国专利6,096,005、授予Botich的美国专利6,179,812B1和授予Shaw的美国专利6,210,371，这种弹簧加载的机构没有防止意外的、先期缩回的预防措施。
需要提供一种安全针装置，该装置包括闭锁部件，用于防止在运输和打开包装期间缩回机构被意外地致动。还需要使所述闭锁部件包括有套组件，以便防止缩回机构被意外致动，直到所述套在马上使用之前被移除的时刻。
发明内容
公开了一种用在多种静脉操作中的安全针装置。所述安全针装置主要包括细长外壳和可移动地安装在所述细长外壳内的针组件。所述安全针装置还包括与针组件相连的致动器，该致动器在所述细长外壳内安装成可从防止针组件移动到所述细长外壳中的第一位置移动到允许针组件移动到所述细长外壳中的第二位置。所述安全针装置额外还包括闭锁部件，该闭锁部件相对于所述致动器可移除地定位，以防止所述致动器从所述第一位置移动到所述第二位置。所述闭锁部件定位在所述致动器和所述针组件之间。在一个实施例中，所述闭锁部件是遮盖针组件的针的安全套。在一个实施例中，所述制动器包括构造用于接合所述细长外壳的远端部的释放按钮。闭锁部件定位在所述释放按钮和所述针组件之间。
在一个实施例中，所述致动器是缩回机构的一部分，所述缩回机构包括固定到所述致动器和所述细长外壳上的弹簧，用于将针组件向近端偏压到所述细长外壳内。
在一个实施例中，所述针组件包括细长针和从所述细长针向近端延伸的管，其中所述闭锁部件可移除地的定位在所述释放按钮和所述管之间。
还公开了一种安全针装置，该装置具有细长外壳和可移动地安装在所述细长外壳内的针组件。缩回机构安装在所述细长外壳内并且操作地与所述针组件相连，以便将所述针组件从相对于所述细长外壳的伸出位置移动到在所述细长外壳内的缩回位置。闭锁部件可移除地定位在所述针组件上使得所述缩回机构不能操作。所述缩回机构包括致动器和定位于所述致动器和所述细长外壳之间的拉伸弹簧。所述致动器包括可与所述细长外壳接合的释放按钮。所述闭锁部件可移除地定位在所述针组件和释放按钮之间。所述释放按钮可从与细长外壳接合的第一位置移动到与细长外壳脱离接合的第二位置。所述针组件包括针和从所述针向近端延伸的管。在该实施例中，所述致动器固定到所述管上。
在一个实施例中，所述缩回机构包括定位在细长部件的第一腔室内的弹簧，并且所述针组件定位在细长部件的第二腔室内。所述第一和第二腔室具有平行的偏移轴线，从而所述弹簧和所述针组件彼此平行地定位在所述细长外壳内。
还公开了一种通过提供安全针来防止弹簧偏压的安全针在使用前意外缩回的方法，所述安全针具有细长外壳和可移动地安装在所述细长外壳内的针组件。与针组件相连的致动器可从防止针组件移动的第一位置移动到允许针组件移动的第二位置。闭锁装置可移除地设置在所述安全针上并且可定位在所述致动器和所述针组件之间。所述方法包括将闭锁部件插入所述致动器和所述针组件之间，以便防止所述致动器移动。
在一个实施例中，所述致动器包括释放按钮，并且所述闭锁部件插入所述释放按钮和针组件之间，以便防止所述释放按钮移动。
在一个实施例中，所述针组件包括管，并且所述闭锁部件插入所述释放按钮和所述管之间。
在一个实施例中，所述针组件还包括从所述管向远端延伸的针，并且所述闭锁部件是插在所述针和所述管上的安全套，这样所述闭锁部件的近端部定位在释放按钮和所述管之间，以便防止所述释放按钮移动。
附图说明
在此参考附图公开当前公开的安全针和针缩回结构的实施例。
图1是当前公开的安全针的一个实施例的透视图；
图2是图1的安全针缩回的透视图；
图2A是当前公开的安全针的另一实施例的透视图，其中所述针处于缩回位置；
图3是图1的安全针包括安全套的透视图；
图3A是图2A所示的安全针带有定位在伸出的针上的安全套的透视图；
图4是图1的实施例的致动器的透视图；
图5以截面示出图1实施例的针处于伸出位置的侧视图；
图5A是沿图5的截面线5A-5A截取的横截面图；
图6以截面示出图1实施例的针处于缩回位置的侧视图；
图6A是沿图6的截面线6A-6A截取的横截面图；
图7是图1实施例的安全针插入患者体内的透视图。
具体实施方式
下面将参考附图对当前公开的安全针和缩回结构的实施进行详细地描述，附图中类似的附图标记表示在多个视图的每个视图中相同的或相应的元件。在现有技术中一般地，术语“近端”指装置上靠近使用者或操作者(即外科医生或内科医生)的位置或定位，而术语“远端”指装置上远离使用者的位置或定位。
图1示出当前公开的安全针的一个实施例，该安全针整体以10表示，适用于多种需要将流体输注、注射或从患者体内抽出流体的外科操作中。安全针10包括细长外壳12，针组件14可移动地安装在细长外壳12内。致动器16与针组件14相连并且还可移动地安装在细长外壳12内。
再参考图2-6，细长外壳12包括上腔室18和下腔室20，所述上腔室18容纳缩回机构(下面将更加详细地描述)的一部分，所述下腔室20具有用于接收针组件14的通孔22。
针组件14包括细长的中空针24，所述针24在该针24的远端部28具有组织刺入尖端26。针24是通常在静脉操作期间用于将流体引入体内或将流体从体内抽出的类型。针组件14还包括管30，该管30具有第一端部36和第二端部并且限定通孔32(图5)，该通孔与针24流体连通。连接器34(图5)设置用于接合管30的第一端部36并且将针24的近端部38附连到管30。
细长外壳12还包括第一稳定翼40和第二稳定翼42，以便于在引入和抽出流体期间将针组件14插入患者体内并稳定细长外壳12。稳定翼40和42可以是刚性的，以便使细长外壳12相对于患者的稳定性最大化，或者可供选择地，稳定翼可以是相对挠性的，以便允许由使用者弯曲和抓握，从而辅助将针组件14插入患者体内。
如所示出的，致动器16包括从上腔室18(见图5)的远端部46延伸的释放按钮44。释放按钮44与在上腔室18中的缩回结构以下面更详细地描述的方式协作，从而使针组件16缩回细长外壳12内。
如在图2中最佳地示出的，在缩回位置，针组件14，更具体地是针24的组织刺入尖端26完全保持在下腔室20中通孔22的远端部48内。在缩回位置，操作者被完全保护不受针24的组织刺入尖端26的针扎伤。
再看图3，安全针10设有新颖的闭锁结构或闭锁部件50，该闭锁部件阻止致动器16的操作，从而阻止针组件14的意外缩回，直到闭锁部件50从针24移除。这对于在包装和运输安全针10期间防止针组件14意外缩回是特别有用的。具体地，在该实施例中，闭锁部件50是安全套52，该安全套构造用于遮盖针24以便在移除安全套52之前防止针扎伤使用者。特别地，当安全套52定位在针24上时，安全套52的近端部54位于释放按钮44和针组件14之间，以防止释放按钮44在使致动器16释放的方向上移动，从而防止了致动器16的致动。
安全套52形成有足够的长度，其中针组件14处于伸出位置时，安全套52的远端部56遮盖并延伸超出针24的组织刺入尖端26。安全套52的外表面58在纵向上是刚性的，以便于由使用者抓握。
图2A和3A示出当前公开的安全针的可供选择的实施例，安全针整体由210示出。安全针210基本上与安全针10相似，除了外壳212包括向前延伸超出释放按钮244的最前面部分212a(图3A)。通过向释放按钮244的远端定位外壳212，如果临床医生的手指从释放按钮244滑落，外壳212的最远端部分212a阻止临床医生的手指与针224接合。如图3A所示，最远端部分212a限定通孔222，该通孔222的尺寸制成为接收套252，从而套252防止释放按钮244被致动，直到套252从安全针210上移除。
参考图4和5，致动器16设置用于使针组件缩回细长外壳12的下腔室20内。致动器16包括致动器筒60，该致动器筒具有完全直径的近端部分62和部分直径的远端部分64。近端部分62包括用于接收针组件14的通孔66。致动器筒60构造和尺寸制成为接收和牢固地接合针组件14，从而响应释放按钮44的致动而将针组件14收回到细长外壳12中。在一个实施例中，近端部分62的内表面66以摩擦配合方式接合针组件14。可供选择地，致动器16的近端部分62可以通过例如像热焊接、胶合等多种方法永久地附连到针组件14，或者与针组件一体或整体地形成。远端部分64用于支撑针组件14并在致动器16和针组件14移动到下腔室20中时防止致动器16在下腔室20内挠曲或扭转。
如上述所讨论的，释放按钮44设置用于使致动器16脱离与细长外壳12的上腔室18的接合并允许针组件14缩回细长外壳12内。释放按钮44可由便于看见流体流过针组件14(即“闪现”)的透明材料形成。释放按钮44安装在挠性杆70上或者与该挠性杆70整体形成，所述挠性杆附连到近端部分62(见图4)。按钮44的近端边缘72构造用于接合上腔室18的远端部46，以便阻止针组件14缩回外壳12中。克服挠性杆70的偏压压下按钮44使按钮44，即近端边缘或止动表面72脱离与上腔室18的远端部46的接合。应该注意的是，近端边缘72的厚度T1为当闭锁部件50(即安全套52)定位在释放按钮44和针组件14之间时使得近端边缘72不能与上腔室18的远端部46脱离接合。
为了使针组件14缩回细长外壳12内，致动器16设有从近端部分62的近端部76向近端延伸的弹簧座74。弹簧座74构造用于接合定位在上腔室18内的缩回弹簧90(图5)。在一个实施例中，缩回弹簧90是处于拉伸下的螺旋弹簧。弹簧座74包括终止于按钮80的臂78。按钮80构造用于接合弹簧的远端部。具体地，按钮80包括从臂78向近端延伸的杆82和从杆82向近端延伸的盖84。盖84的直径大于杆82的直径，从而盖84的近端边缘86将弹簧90的远端簧圈固定在上腔室18内。
参考图5，上腔室18设有用于与缩回弹簧90的近端簧圈接合的近端弹簧座88。如上述所讨论的，缩回或拉伸弹簧90定位在上腔室18内。拉伸弹簧90构造用于响应致动器16的致动而使针组件14缩回外壳12内。拉伸弹簧90的远端簧圈接合致动器16的按钮80。具体地，拉伸弹簧90的最远端簧圈保持抵靠盖84的近端边缘86。值得注意的是，通过将拉伸弹簧90定位在上腔室18中，拉伸弹簧90不环绕针组件14并且沿从针组件14的纵向轴线偏移的平行轴线延伸。这允许针组件14，特别是针24能够具有到细长外壳12下侧的相对低矮的外形。当针24插入患者手臂中时，这使得安全针10能够布置成与患者的手臂相对紧贴并且具有非常小的迎角。这还极大地促进了安全针10抵靠患者手臂的稳定能力。
如上述所讨论的，安全套52(图3)的近端部54保持在限定于释放按钮44和针组件14之间的间隙“G”(图5)内。具体地，间隙G由释放按钮44和管30的外表面之间的空间限定。当安全套52定位在间隙G内时，释放按钮44被阻止不能被按下。类似地，当安全套52从针组件14上移除时，释放按钮44自由地被压下，从而允许弹簧90缩回致动器16，并因此使针组件14缩回细长外壳12内。
如图5所示，当释放按钮44的近端边缘72与上腔室18的远端部46接合时，弹簧90处于拉伸状态以促使针组件14到达它的缩回位置。
现在参考图3、5和6，下面将描述安全针10的操作。首先参考图3，安全针10提供有安全套52，安全套52定位在针组件14上并且防止释放按钮44被致动。安全套52防止在包装或从包装中取出针组件14的操纵期间释放按钮44被意外地致动。当安全针准备好以备用时，将安全套52从针组件14上移除以便露出针24。如上述提到的，可以捏住或者保持稳定翼40和42，以便于将组织刺入尖端26插入患者体内(图7)。
一旦针尖端26已经插入患者体内，则可以透过释放按钮44看到适当流过针组件14的流体，如上所述，所述释放按钮44是透明的以便用作闪现观察器(flashback viewer)。应该注意的是，针24的全部或部分、连接器34和/或管30也可以是透明的，以便于观察流过针组件14的流体。在外科操作已经完成之后，同时或相继地，从患者体内移除针24，可以克服挠性杆70的偏压而压下释放按钮44，以便使近端边缘72与上腔室18的远端部46脱离接合。一旦释放按钮44已经与上腔室18脱离接合，则缩回弹簧90将致动器16向近端拉到细长外壳12内，由此将与该致动器相连的针组件14向近端拉到细长外壳12内。应该注意的是，纵向狭缝96(图5-6A)设置在上腔室18和下腔室20之间，以允许致动器16在整个细长外壳12内自由移动。
如在图6中最佳示出的，在针组件14缩回之后，针24的组织刺入尖端26安全地容纳在细长外壳12的下腔室20内，由此防止对使用者的任何针扎伤。此外，致动器16完全容纳在细长外壳12内，由此避免了针24从细长外壳12内再次伸出的可能。
应该理解的是，可以对在此公开的实施例进行多种修改。例如，致动器可以包括用于接合细长外壳的可供选择的结构，诸如像枢转臂、闭锁结构等。此外，闭锁部件不需要限制为安全套，而是可以包括其它的可插入缩回结构和相应的外壳或支撑部件之间的单独部件，诸如像键、可移除杆等。另外，所公开的缩回结构不限定为针组件和缩回弹簧为偏离轴线的那些实例，而是可以包括针组件和相应的缩回结构是同轴的那些实例。因此，上面的描述不应该视作限定性的，而是仅仅作为具体实施例的例子。在所附权利要求的范围和精神内，本领域技术人员会想到其它修改。

Claims (20)

1.一种安全针装置，包括：
细长外壳；
针组件，其可移动地安装在所述细长外壳内；
致动器，其与所述针组件相连并且在所述细长外壳内安装可从防止针组件移动到细长外壳内的第一位置移动到允许针组件移动到细长外壳内的第二位置；和
闭锁部件，其相对于所述致动器可移除地定位，以防止所述致动器从所述第一位置移动到所述第二位置。
2.如权利要求1所述的安全针装置，其中所述闭锁部件定位在致动器和针组件之间，以防止致动器从所述第一位置移动到所述第二位置。
3.如权利要求1所述的安全针装置，其中所述闭锁部件是定位在针组件的针周围的安全套。
4.如权利要求1所述的安全针装置，其中所述致动器包括构造用于接合细长外壳的远端部的释放按钮。
5.如权利要求4所述的安全针装置，其中所述闭锁部件定位在释放按钮和针组件之间。
6.如权利要求1所述的安全针装置，还包括固定到致动器和细长外壳上的弹簧，以便将针组件向近端偏压到细长外壳内。
7.如权利要求5所述的安全针装置，其中所述针组件包括细长针和从所述细长针延伸的管，所述闭锁部件可移除地定位在释放按钮和所述管之间。
8.一种安全针装置，包括：
细长外壳；
针组件，其可移动地安装在所述细长外壳内；
缩回机构，其安装在所述细长外壳内并且可与所述针组件操作地相连，以便将所述针组件从相对于细长外壳的伸出位置移动到在细长外壳内的缩回位置；和
闭锁部件，其可移除地定位在所述针组件上，使得所述缩回机构在所述闭锁部件定位在针组件上时不能操作。
9.如权利要求8所述的安全针装置，其中所述缩回机构包括致动器和定位在所述致动器和细长外壳之间的拉伸弹簧。
10.如权利要求9所述的安全针装置，其中所述致动器包括可与细长外壳接合的释放按钮，并且所述闭锁部件定位在针组件和释放按钮之间。
11.如权利要求10所述的安全针装置，其中所述释放按钮可在可与细长外壳接合的第一位置和与细长外壳脱离接合的第二位置之间移动。
12.如权利要求9所述的安全针装置，其中所述针组件包括针和从所述针向近端延伸的管。
13.如权利要求12所述的安全针装置，其中所述致动器固定到所述管。
14.如权利要求9所述的安全针装置，其中所述弹簧定位在细长外壳的第一腔室内，而针组件定位在细长外壳的第二腔室内。
15.如权利要求14所述的安全针装置，其中所述第一和第二腔室具有彼此偏移的平行纵向轴线。
16.如权利要求15所述的安全针装置，其中所述弹簧的第一端部固定到致动器，并且所述弹簧的第二端部固定到细长外壳。
17.一种防止弹簧偏压的安全针意外缩回的方法，包括：
提供安全针，该安全针具有细长外壳、可移动地安装在所述细长外壳内的针组件和致动器，所述致动器可从防止针组件移动到细长外壳中的第一位置移动到允许针组件移动到细长外壳中的第二位置之间移动；和
在所述安全针上提供可移除的闭锁部件，该闭锁部件与所述致动器接合，从而所述闭锁部件防止致动器从所述第一位置移动到所述第二位置。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，其中所述致动器包括释放按钮，并且提供可移除的闭锁部件的步骤包括将可移除的闭锁部件定位在释放按钮和针组件之间。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，其中所述针组件包括管，并且提供可移除的闭锁部件的步骤包括将可移除的闭锁部件定位在释放按钮和所述管之间。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法，其中所述针组件还包括从所述管向远端延伸的针，并且所述可移除的闭锁部件包括安全套，其中提供可移除的闭锁部件的步骤包括将安全套插在针上并且使安全套位于所述管和所述释放按钮之间的步骤。
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CN111110251B (zh) * 2020-01-13 2022-11-11 广州阳普医疗科技股份有限公司 一种安全采血针

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AU2006295443B2 (en) 2012-03-29
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AU2006295443A1 (en) 2007-04-05
EP1933904B1 (en) 2015-11-11
KR20080058345A (ko) 2008-06-25
CA2621433A1 (en) 2007-04-05
EP1933904A2 (en) 2008-06-25
BRPI0616160A2 (pt) 2011-06-07
EP1933904A4 (en) 2012-08-15
BRPI0616160A8 (pt) 2018-02-14
JP5221354B2 (ja) 2013-06-26
US20070066960A1 (en) 2007-03-22
CA2621433C (en) 2014-11-18
CN101267855B (zh) 2011-06-08
JP2009509581A (ja) 2009-03-12
WO2007038318A2 (en) 2007-04-05
IL189971A0 (en) 2008-08-07
US7611486B2 (en) 2009-11-03
NZ566564A (en) 2011-04-29

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