CN101275459A - 控制井中的流 - Google Patents

控制井中的流 Download PDF

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CN101275459A
CN101275459A CNA2008100862582A CN200810086258A CN101275459A CN 101275459 A CN101275459 A CN 101275459A CN A2008100862582 A CNA2008100862582 A CN A2008100862582A CN 200810086258 A CN200810086258 A CN 200810086258A CN 101275459 A CN101275459 A CN 101275459A
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well
ratio
action
controller
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CN101275459B (zh
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加里·M·欧迪埃
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Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
Prad Research and Development Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
    • E21B43/38—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well in the well
    • E21B43/385—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well in the well by reinjecting the separated materials into an earth formation in the same well
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/08—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells responsive to flow or pressure of the fluid obtained
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells

Abstract

一种技术包括在井中和井中的井下提供设备，调节提供到该设备的流的比率。

Description

控制井中的流
技术领域
本发明通常涉及控制井中的流。
背景技术
在井下环境中，存在许多涉及控制流的应用。例如，典型的井下完井可包括油/水分离器，其接收生产的井产流体混合物，并将混合物分成相应的水和油流。该水流可被重新引导入井中，并且为此目的，井下系统可被设计用于通常建立水被引导回井中的速度的目的。
控制井下环境中的流的传统方法涉及使用有损设备，诸如节流口或其它节流装置。例如，使用基于井下液力参数随着时间的流逝相对恒定的假设的简单液力计算，可确定经过设备的流动通路的尺寸。然而，当液力系统的一部分的压力和/或流特征改变时，由于计算的尺寸不再正确，整个流平衡可被扰乱。
因此，存在对控制井中的流的更好方法的持续需求。
发明内容
在本发明的实施例中，可与井一起使用的技术包括提供井下设备，并调节提供到设备的流的比率。
在本发明的另一实施例中，可与井一起使用的系统包括连通通路，其位于井中以接受流。系统的控制器调节流的比率。
通过下述附图、说明书和权利要求，本发明的其它方面和优点将变得明显。
附图说明
图1是显示根据本发明实施例的控制井中流的技术的流程框图；
图2是根据本发明实施例的系统的示意图，调节由单一输入流产生的井中流。
图3是根据本发明实施例的系统的示意图，调节由多输入流产生的井中流。
图4是显示根据本发明实施例的基于文氏管流分离控制器的示意图。
图5是显示根据本发明实施例的基于机械反馈的流分离控制器的示意图。
图6是根据本发明实施例的井的示意图。
具体实施方式
根据这里描述的本发明的实施例，井中环境中的流通过调节流的比率控制。因此，这种方法克服了传统的井下液力系统的挑战，其中：基于假设井下流速、压力等不发生变化，设计节流口尺寸和其它液压参数。更具体地说，参照图1，根据本发明的一些实施例的技术10可包括：在井中提供(方框14)液压系统，其包括连通通路以连通流。该流的比率经调节(方框16)以便比率相对恒定，并且对液压系统中的压力和/或流变化不敏感。
作为更具体的实例，图2显示了系统30，以根据本发明的一些实施例调节井中的流。该系统30包括两个交叉联接的液压流控制子系统，其调节根据入口流40产生的出口流60和70。更具体地说，入口流40(通过导管34连通)被分成两个中间流42和46，分别通过导管44和48连通到流控制器50(用于中间流46的流控制器50a，和用于中间流42的流控制器50b)。利用流控制器50b的中间流42的控制产生出口流60；并且利用流控制器50a的中间流46的控制产生出口流70。
流传感器54a和54b分别被联接以感应流46和42，并在另一流通路中提供对流控制器50的正反馈。采用这种方式，基于由流传感器54b感应的出口流60，流控制器50a控制出口流70。类似地，基于由流传感器54a感应的出口流70，流控制器50b控制出口流60。由于由这种控制方案提供的正反馈，响应感应出口流60中的增加，流控制器50a增加出口流70。类似地，响应感应出口流70中增加，流控制器50b增加了出口流60。
虽然图2显示了与单个入口流一起使用的控制方案，根据本发明的其它实施例，类似的控制方案可用于控制由平行入口流产生的流的比率。更具体地说，图3显示了根据本发明的一些实施例的这种系统76的实施例。如图3所示，该系统76接收平行入口流78。该系统76例如可包含无源(被动)设备74，调节响应平行入口流78产生的结果出口流80，以便：出口流80的比率相对恒定。因此，对于两个出口流Q1和Q2，系统76通常保持如下关系：Q1/Q2＝k，                公式1其中：“k”表示常量。
作为更具体的实例，根据本发明的一些实施例，被动(无源)设备74(参见图3)可以是文氏管或孔板机构。作为一个实例，图4显示了根据本发明的一些实施例的被动、基于文氏管的流分离控制器100。参照图4，流分离控制器100在入口105处接收单一入口流104(对于这个实例)。该入口流104流经文氏管110的主流通路，以在出口107处产生相应的出口流108。该文氏管110包括吸力入口115，其响应经文氏管110的主流通路的流，施加相对活塞120的吸力。由经文氏管110的主流通路的流导致的吸力导致活塞120以对抗由弹簧140施加并打开经流通路117的流的相反力。接着，该流通路117与入口105连通。因此，对于经文氏管110的给定流，经通路117的流体连通打开，以在流分配器100的另一出口131处产生相应的出口流。当出口流108增加时，这导致在吸力管线115处吸力的相应增加，以进一步打开通路117，以进一步增加出口流130。因此，该流分离控制器100提供正反馈，用于调节出口流108和130的比率到相对恒定的目的。
应该指出：该流分离控制器100在图4显示，并且在这里描述，仅为了描述根据本发明的一些实施例的无源流分配器或流分离控制器的目的，其可用于井下环境中。根据本发明的其它实施例，可使用其它被动(无源)或非无源流分离控制器。
参照图5，作为另一实例，根据本发明的一些实施例，系统150使用两种容积式(positive displacement)设备160，用于调节两种出口流180的比率的目的。通常，容积式设备160每个包括翼片或涡轮，其响应接收的入口流152旋转。由于容积式设备160之间的机械联接170，通过来自其它设备160的正反馈，移位设备的旋转部分地受控。因此，经容积式设备160之一的增加流导致在另一容积式设备160中流的相应增加。
在这里公开的流控制器系统可以具有许多井下应用。作为特定实例，根据本发明的一些实施例，流控制系统可用于井下油和水分离的目的。该基本原理是通过将一定比例水从混合物分离并将水再喷射进入井下处置区域的设备，取得产出流体(油/水混合物，典型地具有80+％的水)并泵送产出流体。作为更具体的实例，图6显示了井200，其包括根据本发明的一些实施例的流分离控制器244。
如图6所示，井200包括位于下部封隔器240和水处理区260下方的生产区220，水处理区260位于下部封隔器240与上部封隔器241之间。井200的泵222接收生产井流体混合物221，其包括油和水。根据本发明的一些实施例，该泵222生产输出流230，经过进入可以是水力旋流器的油/水分离器234。该水力旋流器234产生两种流：水流和油流。
没有油和水流的比率的合适调节，会出现几个问题。例如，如果水生产的量增加超过期望，水被重新喷射入处理区260的速度(比率)必须增加，以避免将水采到井200的表面。如果水生产明显小于预期，油可能被喷射进入这个处理区260。因此，通过控制油和水流的比率，水去除的效率和油生产过程得以最大化。
如图6所示，流分离控制器244产生水流270，其经导管250连通进入处理区260；和经导管或生产套管215，流分离控制器244也产生油流217到表面。
总之，流分离控制器的总目标在于在井下环境中将流分离比率保持在某一恒定比率。该流分离控制器感应流或压力的变化，并响应以保持流分离比率。这种布置以与设计液压系统形成对比：基于假设(但可能不准确)的流分离的模型；使用有损节流口以强制某种流分离；或将设备放置在使水去除最大化的系统中。后面的方法可能比使用流分离控制更复杂，由于这种方法可能需要用于水的传感器和对流速控制阀的反馈。
当在井下环境中使用流分离控制器时，出现了几个实际问题，既有普通的也有具体应用。该设备是无源的(即，不需要外部能量)。因此，为了影响流分离，必须进行工作，并且这由流测量设备中的损失引起(如果使用文氏管，能够较小)，并且在必须节流的流控制器更是这样(如作为典型的部分关闭阀显著)。该设备必须取得的控制越多，损失就越大。因此，抑制反压力梯度的明显流分离将产生经过设备的最高压降。
该流分离控制器可具有运动部件，以限制流，并且因此，井下环境固体的存在可能出现挑战，并且可能排除容积式流控制器。由于经过流传感器和流控制器的流速较高，固体还可能是液力类型流控制器的问题。通常，使用几米每秒(m/s)的流速，以取得液压反馈中充分的液压力。流速的上边界可能受到诸如腐蚀和高流量抑制运动部件的势能等因素限制。
根据流控制器的CD对比流速特征，该设备可具有有限动态范围，但单个设备可能能够覆盖10∶1范围的流分离和流之一的下游压力的变化。
其它挑战可源于使用油/水分离器下游的流分离控制器，它可以是重力类型、水力旋流器或旋转旋流器。首先，关于两个分离流的压力可以不必相同，并且第二，两个流的密度可能不同。不同入口压力可能在用于管线的一条或两条中的流控制器的设计中被补偿，或者如果差较小，作为流控制器中的补偿，或作为压力管线中的有损设备(例如固定节流口)。
使用液压控制器涉及具有与密度的平方根成比例的性能的流传感器。因此，一条或两条管线的密度的不同和变化影响了控制，但如果存在初始液体属性的一些知识，初始设置点可建立以实现最初的条件，并且平方根减小了对这种效果的灵敏性。在这种配置中，富油管线的流传感器作用于富水管线的流控制器，并且反之亦然，所以存在两条管线之间的密度差的复合作用。
虽然本发明已关于有限数目的实施例进行了描述，本领域的技术人员利用这种公开，将从中认识到许多修改和变化。期望的是：所附权利要求覆盖所有这些修改和变动，由于落入本发明的真实精神和范围。

Claims (18)

1.一种方法，包括以下步骤：
将井下设备提供到井中以接受流；和
调节井中的流的比率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中调节的动作包括：
将流分配器提供在井中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中调节的动作包括：
将流的比率调节成相对恒定。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中调节的动作包括：
调节流的比率，以便所述比率实质独立于调节发生点的下游的压力。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中调节的动作包括：
从单个输入流产生所述流。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中调节流的比率的动作包括：
基于多个输入流调节比率。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中提供的动作包括：
提供至少一个水力旋流器以接受所述流的至少一个。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中提供的动作包括：
提供导管以将所述流中的至少一个连通到井的表面。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中提供的动作包括：
提供至少一个导管以将所示流中的至少一个喷射进入井内。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述流由流体分离器提供。
11.一种可与井一起使用的系统，包括：
连通通路，位于井中以连通流；和
控制器，以调节所述流的比率。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中：所述控制器包括流分配器。
13.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中：所述连通通路的至少一条将所述流的至少一个连通到井的表面。
14.根据权利要求11所述的系统，进一步包括：
井下设备，以将所述流的至少一个提供到控制器。
15.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其中：所述井下设备适合将至少两个流提供到井下设备。
16.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中：所述调节器包括机械操作器以调节所述流的比率。
17.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中：所述控制器包括文氏管，以调节所述流的比率。
18.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中：所述连通通路包括：
第一连通通路，将从所述井产生的井产流体连通到所述井的表面；和
第二连通通路，将从所述井产生的水连通返回进入所述井。
CN200810086258.2A 2007-03-27 2008-03-24 控制井中的流 Expired - Fee Related CN101275459B (zh)

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US11/691,576 US8291979B2 (en) 2007-03-27 2007-03-27 Controlling flows in a well

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US20080236839A1 (en) 2008-10-02
US8291979B2 (en) 2012-10-23
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NO20081447L (no) 2008-09-29
NO336880B1 (no) 2015-11-23
CN101275459B (zh) 2014-06-18
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