CN101277734A - 外部应用的患者界面系统和方法 - Google Patents

外部应用的患者界面系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101277734A
CN101277734A CNA2006800366882A CN200680036688A CN101277734A CN 101277734 A CN101277734 A CN 101277734A CN A2006800366882 A CNA2006800366882 A CN A2006800366882A CN 200680036688 A CN200680036688 A CN 200680036688A CN 101277734 A CN101277734 A CN 101277734A
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CN101277734B (zh
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斯蒂芬·K·巴布
大卫·S·扎米尔欧斯科
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F13/02Adhesive plasters or dressings
    • A61F13/0203Adhesive plasters or dressings having a fluid handling member
    • A61F13/022Adhesive plasters or dressings having a fluid handling member having more than one layer with different fluid handling characteristics
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    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/02Adhesive plasters or dressings
    • A61F13/0203Adhesive plasters or dressings having a fluid handling member
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    • A61M1/71Suction drainage systems
    • A61M1/73Suction drainage systems comprising sensors or indicators for physical values
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M1/00Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/71Suction drainage systems
    • A61M1/73Suction drainage systems comprising sensors or indicators for physical values
    • A61M1/732Visual indicating means for vacuum pressure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/71Suction drainage systems
    • A61M1/73Suction drainage systems comprising sensors or indicators for physical values
    • A61M1/734Visual indicating means for flow
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M1/00Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/71Suction drainage systems
    • A61M1/74Suction control
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    • A61M1/90Negative pressure wound therapy devices, i.e. devices for applying suction to a wound to promote healing, e.g. including a vacuum dressing
    • A61M1/91Suction aspects of the dressing
    • A61M1/915Constructional details of the pressure distribution manifold
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M1/00Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/90Negative pressure wound therapy devices, i.e. devices for applying suction to a wound to promote healing, e.g. including a vacuum dressing
    • A61M1/91Suction aspects of the dressing
    • A61M1/916Suction aspects of the dressing specially adapted for deep wounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M1/00Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/90Negative pressure wound therapy devices, i.e. devices for applying suction to a wound to promote healing, e.g. including a vacuum dressing
    • A61M1/95Negative pressure wound therapy devices, i.e. devices for applying suction to a wound to promote healing, e.g. including a vacuum dressing with sensors for exudate composition
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M1/00Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/90Negative pressure wound therapy devices, i.e. devices for applying suction to a wound to promote healing, e.g. including a vacuum dressing
    • A61M1/96Suction control thereof
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    • A61M2230/00Measuring parameters of the user

Abstract

组织闭合处理系统和方法配备有外部患者界面。第一流体迁移部件FTC.1包括多孔材料条,例如具有液体毛细特性的人造纤维。FTC.1可直接放置在缝合线上,用于迁移通过其渗出的流体。下消毒盖布放置在FTC.1上并包括暴露FTC.1的一部分的缝。FTC.2包括合适的疏水泡沫材料如聚氨基甲酸酯醚,并放置在与FTC.1相通的下消毒盖布缝上。负压力通过连接的流体迁移部件FTC.3施加到FTC.2上。负压力源可包括手动设备或电力操纵的抽吸设备。组织闭合方法包括使用手动抽吸设备的手动操作模式,其中当引流了预定体积的流体时,该手动抽吸设备自动关闭以中断抽吸。自动操作模式利用微处理器,该微处理器的程序可预先编制成响应各种患者和工作条件。本方法通过几个阶段利用在适当位置的不同部件和出现在每个阶段中的不同患者界面来进行。

Description

外部应用的患者界面系统和方法
技术领域
本发明一般涉及用于处理闭合性伤口和切口以及用于控制其中的湿度的医疗设备和方法,尤其是涉及用于引流和/或冲洗组织分离如外科手术切口以及用于利用由外部患者界面部件(external patient interfacecomponent)和真空源产生的周围空气压力来压缩和稳定解剖或受伤区域的系统和方法。
背景技术
组织分离可能由外科手术程序和其它原因例如外伤伤口和慢性伤口产生。各种医疗程序用于使组织分离闭合。重要的考虑因素涉及使分离的组织部分固定在一起,以便促进闭合和愈合。切口和伤口可用缝线、钉或其它医疗闭合设备来闭合。外科手术中的“第一期愈合”(首要愈合)是“闭合”切口。对于承载的组织如骨骼、筋膜和肌肉,这需要相当多的材料,假定它是缝线材料、钉或板和螺钉。对于待“闭合”的伤口,上皮层必须密封。为了实现这点,皮肤层和皮下层(即,分别为脂肪组织的深真皮弹性层和浅筋膜或纤维层)的“承载”区域还必须至少近似地保持足够长,以形成胶原质沉积而使分离部分结合在一起。
其它重要考虑因素包括控制出血、减少结疤、消除血肿、血清肿和“死腔”形成的可能性以及控制疼痛。死腔问题更易于出现在皮下闭合中。相对浅的切口通常可用表面应用的闭合技术(surface-applied closuretechnique)如缝线、钉、胶粘剂和粘性胶带条来闭合。然而,较深的切口可能确实不仅需要皮肤表面闭合,而且需要在承载平面内耗费时间地放置多个缝线层。
预防感染是另一重要考虑因素。局部处理包括控制或防止切口或伤口部位的细菌的各种抗生素和敷裹物(dressing)。感染也可用合适的抗生素和其它药物来系统地处理和控制。
其它组织分离处理目的包括使外科手术的外伤和结疤影响最小以及使水肿最小。因此,各种闭合技术、手术后程序和药物都被用来减少手术后肿胀、出血、血清肿、感染和其它不希望有的手术后副作用。因为分离组织的考虑因素在包括多数外科的医学领域中非常普遍,所以从患者和卫生保健从业者的立场来讲,有效、便利、无感染和有美感的组织闭合是高度期望的。因此,本发明的系统、界面和方法可得到广泛地实践并可给很多患者提供普遍利益。
流体控制考虑因素通常与处理组织分离有关。例如,在外科手术切口中,皮下出血出现在筋膜和肌肉层。因此,为了给这样的切口引流,通常安装深引流管(deep drain tube)。近年来,由于用于再注入患者全血的装备和技术已取得了相当大的进步,自体输血越来越普及。这样的程序具有减少对献血的依赖性及其内在风险的优点。浆液性流体通常也从切口和伤口部位流出,因此需要引流和处理。在最初治愈期间的几天内,新切口和伤口一般在患者皮肤表面流出血液和其它流体,特别是沿缝合线和钉线流出血液和其它流体,而分离组织部分沿该缝合线和钉线闭合。
流体控制的另一领域涉及冲洗。各种冲洗剂被供应到分离组织区域,用于抗感染、麻醉、引入生长因子和以其他方式促进愈合。有效的流体控制系统优选地连续或同时提供引流和冲洗功能。
一般的整形外科手术程序包括髋、膝、肘、肩、足和其它关节的全关节置换术(TJR)。由此产生的组织分离常常经受与置换关节的联接相关联的弯曲和运动。虽然作为处理选择,关节可固定不动,但是萎缩和僵硬往往开始并延长了康复期。较好的选择是尽快恢复关节功能。因此,整形外科手术的重要目的涉及迅速地使患者在最大运动范围内最大限度地恢复其四肢的使用。
关于各种其它医疗程序,出现了类似的考虑因素。例如,关节切开、修复和整容程序,包括瓣和疤痕修复,也需要组织闭合,并常常经受运动和拉伸。其它例子包括在厚的或不稳定的皮下组织区域中的切口和伤口,这里,皮肤和皮下组织的夹板疗法可减少深缝合的裂开。移动四肢和整个患者的要求与目前可利用的外部压缩和组织稳定方法的限制相冲突。例如,各种类型的绷带包裹物和压缩性针织品通常用于这些目的,但没有一个提供本发明的优点和利益。
上述程序以及下面讨论的很多其它应用可受益于具有用于流体控制和外部压缩的表面应用患者界面的组织闭合处理系统和方法。
手术后流体引流可用适合于聚集和引流体液的管、海棉和多孔材料的各种组合来实现。已有技术包括用于帮助引流的技术和方法。例如,Zamierowski的美国专利No.4,969,880、No.5,100,396、No.5,261,893、No.5,527,293以及No.6,071,267公开了压力梯度即真空和正压力的使用,以帮助流体从伤口包括外科切口部位引流。通过将多孔海棉材料内部地或外部地敷到伤口、用可渗透的、可半渗透的或不可渗透的膜覆盖伤口以及将抽吸装置真空源连接至其可建立这样的压力梯度。从患者吸取的流体被收集,用于处理。这种流体控制方法已经证明在患者愈合中取得了重大进步。流体控制、手术后及其他的另一方面涉及为了冲洗、感染控制、疼痛控制、生长因子应用等目的而将流体应用于伤口部位。伤口引流设备也用于实现组织的固定和牢固,因而帮助愈合和闭合。这可通过内部闭合的伤口引流装置和应用于伤口表面的外部的开放伤口真空设备来完成。附着组织的固定也可通过缝线包压法(bolus tie-over dressing)(支架敷裹物)、贴扎术(taping)、贴膏法和(接触)铸造法来实现。
组织稳定和固定可对外科手术伤口和切口有益,其可促进细胞迁移以及细胞和胶原质结合。组织稳定和固定的这种益处可出现在很多程序方面,包括骨骼骨折的固定以及为了左右皮肤层固定的目的的缝合。
湿度控制是涉及深组织中血液和流出物以及在皮肤表面处或附近的渗出物的外科伤口护理的另一关键方面。例如,潮湿状态应首先设置在上皮层处,以便于细胞迁移。接着应出现组织干燥状态,以便促进功能性角蛋白层的发展。湿度控制也可有效地控制可能会连同排放流体一起排出的细菌。通过伤口干燥程序可极大地减少残留的细菌。在某些情况下,这种两阶段潮湿-干燥顺序处理可提供令人满意的细菌控制,并消除或减少对抗生素和防腐剂的依赖性。
在这个阶段的同时,有效的处理方案能维持稳定和固定,同时防止伤口内的破坏力。处理方案还应处理不同量的伤口渗出物,包括一般在手术后最初48小时期间渗出的最大量伤口渗出物。闭合引流程序一般涉及放置在外科手术切口内的管状引流装置。打开引流程序可使用用于吸收流体的纱布敷裹物和其它吸收性产品。然而,很多以前的流体处理程序和产品往往需要额外的清理步骤、使患者和卫生保健专业人员接触流体污染物以及需要经常更换敷裹物。而且,不充分的引流可能导致残留的血液、流出物和渗出物隔离在外科切口附近的组织平面内。
更进一步,某些出血和其它皮下不适可通过在皮肤表面处应用压缩的止血器来处理。因此可加快无流体水肿(free fluid edema)再吸收。
迄今为止,没有可利用的具有本发明优点和特征的外部应用的患者界面系统和方法。
发明内容
在本发明的实践中,提供了使用表面应用的患者界面来增强分离组织部分闭合的系统和方法。表面下引流、冲洗和自体输血部件可任选地结合表面应用的外部界面来使用。外部界面可有利地放置在缝合线或钉线上并包括第一迁移部件(transfer component),该第一迁移部件包括多孔材料条,例如人造纤维,其直接应用于患者以将流体通过毛细作用传送或迁移到包括海绵状物或泡沫材料的第二迁移部件。下消毒盖布(underdrape)放置在迁移元件之间,用于使流体通过下消毒盖布开口例如缝穿过其间。上消毒盖布(overdrape)放置在第二迁移部件和周围皮肤表面上。患者界面连接到负压力源,例如真空辅助闭合设备、壁式抽吸装置(wall suction)或机械抽吸泵。手动控制实施方案利用具有关闭阀的有限容量流体贮存器(finite capacity fluid reservoir),用以在收集了预定量的流体时中断引流。自动控制实施方案利用微处理器,其适合于使程序设计成响应于各种输入来控制对负压力源的操作。本发明的闭合伤口或切口处理方法包括三个阶段的流体控制活动,它们相应于愈合过程的不同阶段。在第一阶段,运用主动引流。在第二阶段,可独立地或连续地分开部件。在第三阶段,可任选地将第二迁移部件留在适当位置,用于保护并有助于通过第一迁移部件从缝线/钉线抽空任何残留流体。
在本发明的其它实施方案中,为了有效应用,可预制敷裹物系统的部件。泡沫块可配备有全部或部分人造纤维罩和贴身的上消毒盖布。带有能重新盖紧的密封条的进入板(access panel)可安装在上消毒盖布上以接触泡沫块和伤口区域。预制的外部敷裹物可配备有接纳泡沫块的护罩,可通过能重新盖紧的密封条接触泡沫块,用于更换或重新定向。处理区域入口也通过密封条提供。该系统也可用作止血器。
附图简要描述
附图构成本说明书的一部分,并包括本发明的示范性实施方案,且还示出了其各种目的和特征。
图1是体现了本发明的组织闭合处理和系统的示意性框图。
图2是安装有深引流管的切口组织分离的透视图。
图3是其透视图,显示了在皮肤处缝合在一起的分离组织。
图4是其透视图,显示了在皮肤表面下深皮肤层处缝合在一起的分离组织。
图5是其透视图,显示了人造纤维条第一流体迁移部件(FTC.1)和放置在缝合线上的下消毒盖布。
图6是其透视图,显示了在缝合线上适当位置处的FTC.1和下消毒盖布。
图7是其透视图,显示了在适当位置处的第二流体迁移部件(FTC.2)。
图8是其透视图,显示了在适当位置处的上消毒盖布。
图9是其透视图,显示了用于将系统连接到负压力源的在适当位置处的连接流体迁移部件(FTC.3)。
图10是其横截面图,通常沿图9中的线10-10截取,并特别显示了FTC.3。
图11a是其透视图,显示了FTC.3被移除,且上消毒盖布被划口以通风。
图11b是其透视图,显示了患者界面沿下消毒盖布中的穿孔撕裂线和上消毒盖布中的缝隙线被移除。
图11c是适合于预先包装、应用于患者并连接到负压力源的患者界面的透视图。
图12a-12d分别显示了备选实施方案的肘连接设备FTC.3a-3d。
图12e、12f显示了具有可拆卸的楔形物以促进关节联接如患者关节弯曲的改良FTC.2a。
图12g、12h显示了备选实施方案的外部患者界面组件。
图13a-13c包括显示了体现本发明的组织闭合处理方法的流程图。
图14是包括本发明备选实施方案的自动化组织闭合处理系统的示意性框图。
图15是备选实施方案的自动化组织闭合处理系统的横截面图。
图16是体现本发明备选实施方案的自动化组织闭合处理方法的部分流程图。
图17是包括本发明备选实施方案的具有能重新盖紧的进入板的组织闭合处理系统的局部透视图。
图18是能重新盖紧的进入板的透视图。
图19是通常沿图18中线19-19截取的组织闭合处理系统的横截面图。
图20是组织闭合系统的放大的横截面图,特别显示了其的可重新盖紧的密封条。
图21是组织闭合系统的透视图,显示了密封条打开。
图22是组织闭合系统的透视图,显示了密封条打开且泡沫块被移除。
图23是外部敷裹物组件的横截面图,其包括本发明的备选实施方案。
图24是具有内部和外部泡沫块的备选实施方案的组织闭合系统的横截面图。
图25是图24中所示系统的横截面图,显示了伤口中组织的逐渐愈合。
图26是图24中所示系统的横截面图,显示了伤口的表皮再植。
图27是部分地包封在人造纤维中的泡沫块的横截面图。
图28是具有外部泡沫块和内部泡沫块组件的备选实施方案的组织闭合系统的横截面图。
图29是其横截面图,显示为在周围大气压力下部分坍缩。
图30是具有能重新盖紧的密封条和流体进入口的备选结构敷裹物的透视图。
图31是敷裹物下侧的透视图,显示了中间背衬条(backing strip)被移除。
图32是显示了侧面背衬条被移除的敷裹物的透视图。
图33是其中显示有连接到流体口的挤压球抽空装置的敷裹物的透视图。
图34是显示为在大气压力下部分坍缩的敷裹物的透视图。
图35是显示密封条打开的敷裹物的透视图。
图36是显示泡沫块被移除的敷裹物的透视图。
图37是全部包封在人造纤维中的泡沫块的横截面图。
图38是具有分离的衬里和泡沫块的备选实施方案的敷裹物的透视图。
图39是显示泡沫块被移除的敷裹物的透视图。
图40是显示衬垫被移除的敷裹物的透视图。
图41是具有包括毛细材料的护罩底板的备选实施方案的敷裹物的横截面图。
图42是具有覆盖的泡沫核心迁移元件的备选实施方案的敷裹物系统的横截面图。
图43是其中显示了在压力下压缩的敷裹物的透视图。
图44是其顶部平面图。
图45是其横截面图,显示了在应用到患者之前并沿图44中线45-45截取的敷裹物构型。
图46是包括覆盖细长形组织分离例如外科手术切口的多个敷裹物应用的顶部平面图。
图47是伤口的透视图,其中引流条被安装以为闭合做准备。
图48是包括本发明备选实施方案的具有上部和下部人造纤维层的敷裹物的横截面图。
图49是其横截面图,其中敷裹物被压缩。
图50是包括本发明备选实施方案的具有包封网状泡沫核心的人造纤维罩的敷裹物的横截面图。
图51是其横截面图,其中敷裹物被压缩。
图52是包括本发明备选实施方案的具有连接到控制器的传感器的敷裹物的横截面图。
图53是敷裹物的实验模型的透视图,用于观察通过其流动的流体。
图54是显示不同条件下网状泡沫核心的湿表面面积对液体体积的曲线图。
图55是包括本发明备选实施方案的止血器的横截面图。
实现本发明的最佳方式
I.引言和环境
按照要求,在此公开了本发明的详细实施方案;然而,应理解,所公开的实施方案仅仅是本发明的示范,而本发明可按各种各样的形式实施。因此,此处所公开的具体结构和功能细节不应解释为限制性的,而仅仅作为权利要求的基础,以及作为用于教导本领域的技术人员在实质上任何适当的详细结构中多方面地使用本发明的代表性基础。
II.组织闭合系统2
更详细地参考附图,参考数字2通常标示体现了本发明的组织闭合处理系统。如图1所示,系统2适合于用在有切口或伤口6的患者4上,切口或伤口6可通过由缝线10、钉或其它合适的医疗紧固件组成的缝合线8闭合。
患者界面12由任选的深引流装置14和外部患者界面16组成,深引流装置14连接到与深引流贮存器17相关联的深引流装置负压力源15,外部患者界面16包括含有人造纤维条或其它合适的多孔材料的第一流体迁移部件FTC.1、通常覆盖FTC.1并包括缝20a的下消毒盖布20、包括疏水的海绵状物(hydrophobic sponge)的第二流体迁移部件FTC.2以及上消毒盖布24。
流体处理子系统26包括深引流装置负压力源15和表面引流装置负压力源28,它们可被组合用于一般的负压力源和收集容器被优选的地方。负压力源15、28可手动地操作或在电力下操作。这两种类型的例子在医学领域中都是众所周知的。例如,可手动操作的便携式真空源(manuallyoperable portable vacuum source)(MOPVS)显示在美国专利No.3,115,138中,该专利在此以引用方式并入。属于商标HEMOVAC
Figure A20068003668800151
的MOPVS可从俄亥俄州的Dover的Zimmer公司购得。例如显示在美国专利No.4,828,546(在此以引用方式并入)中并可从明尼苏达州Eden Prairie的Surgidyne公司购得的球形致动器(bulb-type actuator)可用在较小伤口上,用于较短持续时间或在多路系统中。而且,通过可从德克萨斯州的San Antonio的Kinetic Concepts公司购得的属于商标THE VAC的真空辅助闭合装置(vacuum assisted closure equipment)可提供电力驱动的真空装置。更进一步,很多卫生保健机构,特别是医院和诊所配备有抽吸装置系统,该抽吸装置系统带有在安装于墙上的出口处有用的抽吸装置源。
有限容量贮存器30流体地连接到负压力源28,并适合于排放到垃圾容器32。关闭阀34与贮存器30相关联,并适合于在贮存器30填充到预定容量时自动中断引流。
任选的自体输血子系统36可连接到深引流装置14,并适合于向患者4重新注入他或她自己的血液。美国专利No.5,785,700公开了这种具有便携式可拆卸真空源的自体输血系统,且在此以引用方式并入,该便携式可拆卸真空源可从Zimmer公司购得。
图2显示了切口6,切口6形成具有切口边缘40a、40b的第一分离组织部分和第二分离组织部分38a、38b。切口6从皮肤42延伸并在皮肤42处打开、通过深皮肤层44和皮下层46、近似地到达筋膜48。深引流管50放置在切口6的下层部分中,并在开口52处穿透皮肤42。
图3显示了通过缝线54固定在一起的切口边缘40a、40b,缝线54在皮肤表面42处形成缝合线56。作为缝线54的备选方案,可使用各种其它医疗紧固件例如钉。图4显示了设置在皮肤表面42之下的深皮肤层44中的缝线55。
图5显示了FTC.1在缝合线8顶部上的应用。FTC.1优选地包括合适的多孔毛细材料,例如人造纤维,其非常适合于通过毛细作用传送沿缝合线8渗出的流体。人造纤维也往往干得相对较快,因此能有效地迁移通过其的流体。下消毒盖布20放置在FTC.1和相邻的皮肤表面42上。下消毒盖布20的缝20a通常沿FTC.1的中心线居于中心,并直接位于缝合线8上。FTC.1和下消毒盖布20可预装在滚子或一些其它合适的结构中,滚子或一些其它合适的结构适合于便于以任何期望的长度放置在缝合线8上。图6显示了在适当位置的FTC.1和下消毒盖布20。
图7显示了安装的第二流体迁移部件FTC.2。其优选地包括合适的疏水泡沫材料,例如聚氨基甲酸酯醚(PUE),其包括能够被真空力(负压力)坍缩的网状格子型(泡沫)材料,以便在皮肤表面上施加正“收缩-包裹(shrink-wrap)”型压缩,并仍然维持允许流体通过的通道。如所示,它的覆盖区稍微小于下消毒盖布20的覆盖区,因而提供了下消毒盖布边缘20b。作为备选方案,FTC.1的毛细层的尺寸可制定成等于或几乎等于FTC.2的覆盖区。该结构适合于预制为单独的预装衬垫,而该预装衬垫可通过简单地从粘合剂装衬的下消毒盖布去除释放层背衬(releasing layer backing)来使用。如果移除和更换是期望的临床选择而不是分阶段地移除或延长的单个应用,则该结构也适合于容易地全部移除和更换组件的中心部分,而不用除去已经粘附到皮肤的消毒盖布。
图8显示了置于FTC.2和下消毒盖布20上的上消毒盖布24,其中边缘24a延伸出下消毒盖布边缘22b并接触患者的皮肤表面(真皮)42。图9和10显示了安装在FTC.2上并包括夹在消毒盖布层58b之间的疏水泡沫(PUE)材料核心58a的补片连接器(patch connector)58。真空引流管60包括嵌入泡沫核心58a中的入口端60a,并在消毒盖布层58b之间延伸到连接到表面引流负压力源28的出口端60b。
图11a显示了例如通过切掉上消毒盖布24的部分以提供上消毒盖布开口54而移除的FTC.3。此外,上消毒盖布24可在55处被切开,以进一步使FTC.2通风。在负压力下引流FTC.2,以及进一步用空气循环(图11a)使它干燥可通过在FTC.2中减低需要潮湿环境的各种微生物的生长而提供显著的愈合优点。因此,这样的微生物和所产生的各种毒素可被蒸发、中和以及以其他方式防止再次进入患者。对微生物的控制还可通过注入杀菌剂并冲洗患者界面12的各个部件,包括消毒盖布20、24;FTC.1;FTC.2以及FTC.3来实现。
图11b显示了沿下消毒盖布的打孔撕裂线56和上消毒盖布24中的切开线59移除的患者界面12。因此,应认识到,除了下消毒盖布边缘和上消毒盖布边缘20b、24a以外,实质上整个患者界面12都可被移除以接近缝合线8和真皮42,用于视觉检查、评估、清洁、缝线去除、敷裹物更换(例如,使用如图11c所示的预先包装的患者界面12a)、对进一步处理选择的考虑等。例如,上消毒盖布24可在FTC.2的周界或覆盖区周围被切开以允许移除其。优选地,FTC.2可易于从下消毒盖布20和FTC.1释放,由此可抓住并向上抬起FTC.2,以便于使解剖刀通过上消毒盖布24并进入FTC.2下侧和下消毒盖布20之间的间隔中。之后,可通过沿上消毒盖布20的撕裂线56撕裂上消毒盖布20并如图11b所示移除上消毒盖布20来任选地移除FTC.1。
图11c显示了适合于最初或“敷裹物更换”应用的预先包装的患者界面12a。任选地,人造纤维条FTC.1可具有与泡沫海绵状物FTC.2相同的构型或“覆盖区”,因而不需要下消毒盖布20。预先包装的患者界面12a可无菌包装,以便于直接放置在缝合线8上。或者,可单独地或以包括全部患者界面12的子组件的合适组来预先包装患者界面部件。例如,可分别单独地预先包装下消毒盖布/FTC.1和上消毒盖布/FTC.2子组件。可预先包装各种尺寸和部件构型的患者界面,用于根据特定患者状况的指示来应用。优选地,某些尺寸和结构往往是相对“通用的”,因而适用于特定的医疗程序如TJR,由此可简化患者界面清单。或者,可按各种尺寸和构型来组装单个部件,用于“定制”应用。
图12a-12d显示了用于将FTC.2连接到表面引流负压力源28的备选连接流体迁移部件FTC.3a-3d。FTC.3a(图12a)显示了具有与FTC.3类似的结构并适合于放置在上消毒盖布24上任何位置处的补片连接器。FTC.3a配备有路厄锁定连接器(Leur lock connector)62。FTC.3b(图12b)包括被上消毒盖布64部分地覆盖的疏水(PUE)泡沫材料条,其可配置为在患者的肢体或四肢66周围的包裹物。FTC.3c(图12c)是肘型连接器。FTC.3d(图12d)是波型肘连接器,其适合于调节真空引流管60的偏转。
图12e、12f显示了具有多个可拆卸的楔形物57的FTC.2a的备选结构,楔形物57在此形成并适合于调节关节联接,例如关节弯曲。因此,FTC.2a的柔韧性可得到相当大地增强,以便患者的舒适性、可动性和柔韧性。这样的楔形物可相对于FTC.2a横向和/或纵向延伸。不管楔形物57有或没有在适当位置或被移除,FTC.2a都以相似的方式起作用。
图12g显示了下消毒盖布20放置在FTC.1之下的改良患者界面312。该构型允许移除FTC.1而不妨碍下消毒盖布20。图12h显示了进一步的改良患者界面412,其中FTC.1有与FTC.2相同的构型或覆盖区,由此它们可被制造和结合在一起。在该构型中可省略下消毒盖布20。
III.处理方法
图13a-13c包括体现了本发明的方法的流程图。本方法从开始70进行到在72的患者诊断和评估以及在74的处理计划。根据需要在76安装深引流装置14,并在78缝合切口。在80应用表面界面部件12,并在82连接到外部部件(即负压力源15、28)。根据伤口/切口特征、血液流量等这类因素,在84预先设置收集贮存器容量。
阶段1
深引流出现在86以及主动表面引流出现在88,两者都受负压力源15、28的影响。负压力源28使PUE泡沫FTC.2部分地坍缩,这相应地使上消毒盖布24向下移,并对闭合的伤口或切口6施加正压缩力。在患者界面12的封闭环境中,这样的力被有效地局限于环境大气。此限制性控制特征保护患者不受由患者界面12施加的过大力。越过闭合的伤口或切口6施加的高达一个气压的稳定力起类似于控制水肿和促进愈合过程中的夹板或石膏绷带的作用。
在90检测“贮存器充满”条件,并分支到92中的中断表面引流负压力,其后在94检查并处理贮存器的内含物。如果通过在判断框96中的视觉检查检测到表面出血,那么本方法分支到98中的“中断主动表面引流”步骤。如果在判断框100,缝合线主动地引流,那么本方法循环到主动表面引流步骤88并继续,否则主动表面引流在98中断,即当伤口/切口既不出血也不渗出流体时。
阶段1通常以在手动或电力抽吸装置作用下的深引流(交互式或被动)和主动表面引流为特征。正常持续时间大约是两到三天,在此期间,手术后或外伤后肿胀一般达到其最大限度并开始减退。
阶段2
图13b显示了以“分阶段地移除部件?”判断框102开始的阶段2。肯定的判断导致在103独立地停用并移除部件,包括在104中断主动抽吸装置,这使疏水PUE泡沫(FTC.2)内部压力从负转变为正,并允许坍缩的FTC.2在106再次膨胀,从而潜在地将表面复合压力从环境条件增加到正。优选地,该转变出现而没有从解压缩的膨胀FTC.2对表面施加过分的压力。在阶段1期间,负压力(即抽吸/真空)往往压缩FTC.2并相应地使上消毒盖布24收缩,从而增加由FTC.2施加的压缩。当手动地或自动地中断施加负压力时,FTC.2再次膨胀而抵抗上消毒盖布24的限制,并且以相等和相对的反作用特别是沿缝合线8压住皮肤42。因此,FTC.2可简单地通过中断真空源的应用来从环境条件自动地转变为正压力。
施加在皮肤42上的正压力沿缝合线8(步骤108)继续压缩并稳定组织以减少肿胀,并与FTC.1和FTC.2的操作相配合以通过在步骤110在缝合线8处的蒸发来继续引流。对判断框102的否定判决导致在112移除界面,且如果不终止处理,则导致在113检查和处理缝合线,以及在114替换界面,这可能涉及所有或部分患者界面12。之后,本方法继续进行到阶段3。
阶段3
图13c显示了处理方法的阶段3,其中在118中断深引流并移除管。分别在120、122移除上消毒盖布24和FTC.2。下消毒盖布20和FTC.1优选地配置成允许通过其在124视觉检查缝合线8。当缝合线8充分闭合时,在126移除下消毒盖布20和FTC.1,并在128结束处理。或者,在患者状况指示情况下,可在阶段3更换所有或部分界面12并继续处理。
IV.备选实施方案的组织闭合系统202
图14简要显示了包括本发明备选实施方案的组织闭合系统202,其包括微处理器或控制器204,微处理器或控制器204可连接到耦合到患者界面12的一个或更多传感器206,用于感测与患者4相关联的各种状况。微处理器204的程序可编制成操作耦合到阀210的螺线管208,阀210与贮存器30相关联,并通过其到患者界面12的连接来控制由负压力源228引起的流体流动。
图15显示了具有连接到多个传感器206a、206b、206c的微处理器204的组织闭合系统202,每个传感器都分别与流量控制部件例如阀210a、210b、210c相关联。每个流量控制部件210a、210b、210c都与各自的负压力源228a、228b、228c相关联,负压力源228a、228b、228c又分别控制进入罐或贮存器212a、212b、212c中的流体排放。例如,患者界面12可包括如上所述的外部患者界面16和一对深引流管50a、50b。患者界面12包括任选的供应部件214,任选的供应部件214可包括一个或更多贮存器、泵(手动或动力)和相关控制器,该控制器可连接到微处理器204,用于系统控制。供应部件214任选地接到一个或更多管50、60,用于通过深引流管50或通过外部患者界面16将流体传递到患者。这样的流体可包括例如抗生素和美化剂、冲洗剂、生长因子以及对促进愈合、对抗感染和提高患者舒适度有利的任何其它流体。
使用备选实施方案的组织闭合系统202的处理方法显示在图16中,并通常包括改良的预处理230和阶段1程序。本方法从“开始”进行到诊断/评估步骤234、处理计划步骤236、深引流装置安装238、在240的缝合、外部界面部件应用242、微处理器程序设计244和在246的应用部件的连接,如管的连接。阶段1以在248的深引流、在250的主动抽吸装置界面以及“缝合线主动引流?”判断框252开始。如果缝合线是主动引流的,则本方法循环回到主动抽吸装置界面步骤250,否则(在252的否定判决)它继续进行到阶段2。
V.应用
在对本发明的组织闭合系统2和202的有用应用的一般性没有限制的情况下,下列部分列表表示可能的患者状况和程序,其可指示本发明的应用。
●关于闭合的组织分离,例如外科手术切口。
●关于其中切口经受运动和伸展的关节,例如关节切开、重建程序、整容程序、瓣、疤痕修正、全关节置换(TJR)程序,即,髋、膝、肘、肩和足。
●在厚的或不稳定的皮下组织区域中的任何伤口,其中皮肤和皮下组织的夹板可减少深缝合的裂开。
●在重建程序时的伤口,其中产生不规律的腔。这些腔包括瘤、移植物、骨骼和其它组织的切除。肢体长度和几何结构的变化,以及骨骼和其它深层结构的尺寸、位置和轮廓的变化。
●伤口,其中死腔的消除和防止很重要。
●血肿和血清肿的处理。
●截肢残端。
●腹部、胸部、腰部和其它伤口,其中伤口的夹板可在手术后时间间隔期间帮助使患者闭合和运动。
●在脆弱或敏感皮肤区域中的伤口,其中胶带或其它粘合剂的重复移除和更换可在伤口附近引起皮肤疼痛、刺激或疱肿。此外,其中敷裹物更换可引起组织剪切或移置,以致危害基本的伤口愈合。
●在患者希望在皮肤充分治愈之前淋浴以允许不受浴具或淋浴水污染的情况下的伤口。
●易于受粪、尿和其它体液污染的伤口。
●小儿科、老年病、精神病和神经病患者,以及可能干扰敷裹物和伤口的其它患者。
●有多个会诊医生和护理人员的患者,其中伤口的重复检查可能危害愈合。
●深闭合和表面缝线以及钉。
●敞开的或由缝线完全或部分闭合的任何干净的外科手术或外伤切口,或其中皮肤边缘可并置为不宽于敷裹物负压力区宽度的间隙,即其中最大分离小于或等于FTC.1(人造纤维条)的宽度。
●在整容和重建外科手术中,本发明的系统和方法可控制并隐藏伤口的早期出血、渗出、皮下溢血和水肿的影响。
●在对肢体的外科手术中,其中通过这种方法的压缩和引流可消除或减少对周围压缩性包裹的需要。
●倾向于延长引流的组织分离例如髋和膝切口,以及往往抑制愈合的在有健康状况如糖尿病患者的组织分离。由肿胀减少和引流控制可引起住院期缩短。
VI.病例研究
●一般概念:泡沫材料(FTC.2)对外科手术部位和其它伤口的连续表面敷用。通过人造纤维条(FTC.1)促进缝合线处的空气干燥。
●阶段1:主动或被动深引流(引流管);应用于表面PUE泡沫(放置在外科手术切口顶部、来自缝合线的引流出血和流出物)的主动抽吸;主动抽吸压缩PUE泡沫,因此对整个解剖区施加正压缩;在PUE泡沫下面的皮肤上具有3-800的MVTR的粘合剂衬里薄膜下消毒盖布;缝合线上的人造纤维(或其它适当的多孔毛细材料)条;覆盖在PUE泡沫材料上的类似类型的粘合剂薄膜上消毒盖布(3-800的MVTR)。
●持续时间:大约2-3天,即从切口/缝合线主动引流到停止以及缝合线干燥到愈合的有效时间。
●阶段2:通过切断(肘)连接器停止主动抽吸,并将FTC.2留在适当位置。从抽吸释放,FTC.2对着上消毒盖布膨胀,并对手术部位施加正压力差。可在整个阶段2期间维持持续的轻微压缩;通过人造纤维条并进入FTC.2的残余引流功能提供缝合线的持续干燥。深引流管在阶段2期间保持在适当位置,用于主动深引流。
●持续时间:大约三天,即手术后3-6天。
●阶段3:移除上消毒盖布和FTC.2;将下消毒盖布和人造纤维条留在适当位置;在视觉上观察伤口愈合过程;期望有透明度。
●持续时间:几(例如多达三)星期。
●临床试验证实:有严重愈合问题的患者的上胸部区域内的外科手术部位的闭合显示了良好的结果和快速的伤口愈合。
●角质层下(表皮下)缝合避免了与人造纤维条的冲突,并需要及早拆除缝线,或在压缩性黑海绵状物之下的皮肤缝线上的压力。
●选择:使用用于伤口部位和自动控制的界面压力映射的压力变换器,并监控压力、流量等。
VII.备选实施方案的组织闭合系统302
在图17-22中显示了包括本发明备选实施方案的组织闭合系统302。系统302适合于闭合伤口304,其中损伤区306恰好在筋膜上,且上部组织分离308主要位于真皮和皮下层内。楔形内部流体迁移部件(泡沫块)310位于组织分离区308内,并安装在位于伤口304两侧的侧面消毒盖布312之间。外部流体迁移部件(泡沫块)314放置在内部部件310和侧面消毒盖布312的顶部,并由外部消毒盖布316覆盖。任选的最里面的泡沫块330可位于损伤区306内,并制定尺寸以适合损伤区306,以及可将流体和梯度力迁移到内部泡沫块310并从内部泡沫块310迁移出来。
能重新盖紧的进入板318放置在形成于外部消毒盖布316内的开口上,并包括包围无粘合剂中心区域322的涂有粘合剂的周界320,其中能重新盖紧的密封条324沿其中心线纵向延伸。密封条324包括可释放地捕获在通道328(图20)内的肋或珠子326。
在手术中,能重新盖紧的进入板318在其周界322周围粘附地固定到外部消毒盖布316,并提供接近敷裹物系统302的泡沫块310、314的入口。例如,可更换泡沫块310、314(图21和22),可应用处理,以及可在视觉上监控伤口愈合过程。
VIII.备选的外部敷裹物402
图23-27显示了外部敷裹物402,其可被预制或预装,并用于各种伤口处理和闭合应用。敷裹物402包括部分地包封在人造纤维罩406内的泡沫块404,人造纤维罩406包括敞开顶部408,该敞开顶部408例如通过缝线、钉、粘合剂或如以412显示的一些其它合适的机械紧固件固定到泡沫块404的上周界410。敷裹物402优选地预装有外部消毒盖布414,外部消毒盖布414包括覆盖泡沫的中心部分416和周围的、接触患者的裙状部分418。有褶边缘420形成在消毒盖布部分416、418的交叉处,并部分地位于泡沫块404之下,以便保护皮肤并防止形成泡沫块404周围的低压真空腔,否则在这里可能出现疱肿。在手术中,可通过在边缘420周围切割、移除泡沫块404和消毒盖布外部部分416来容易地更换敷裹物402。从而,可对伤口进行检查、清洁、清除、处理等,并可将新敷裹物402放在适当位置。原始敷裹物的接触患者的裙状部分418可保留在适当位置。
图23显示了来自肘联结器(elbow coupling)417和排放管419的流体流动(排放)方向箭头421。或者,流体可通过管419和联结器417注入敷裹物402中。水压力/气体压缩力箭头423显示在图23中,并表示向下(即进入患者)的力,该力可通过压缩抽吸状态下的泡沫块404并接着释放负压力差,因而将敷裹物转变为正压力差来建立。在手术的正压力差模式中,敷裹物402通过用泡沫块404压住邻近伤口的组织来控制水肿。以这种方式控制水肿有很多潜在的医疗利益。例如,可促进愈合、使伤疤组织最小以及可减少患者不适度。
图24显示了结合内部泡沫块422使用的外部敷裹物402,泡沫块422位于皮下层顶部处的真皮之下。内部泡沫块422适合于在皮下层内应用压力差,由此促进组织生长和闭合。图24中示出的敷裹物系统的内部/外部构型可修复并使伤口边缘424柔软,而伤口边缘424已通过在外部泡沫块和内部泡沫块404、422上应用压力差,例如用于控制水肿的压力(正压力差)而收缩并变硬、稳定和水肿。
图25显示了限制于真皮426的伤口,其中另一泡沫块428处在适当位置。皮下层实质上愈合了。图26显示了在适当位置的外部泡沫块404,独自用于在表皮处将伤口边缘430拉到一起。图27显示了在侧面和底部上被人造纤维罩406覆盖的外部泡沫块404,留下敞开的顶部408。
IX.备选实施方案的敷裹物系统502
图28显示了具有外部泡沫块504和内部泡沫组件506的内部/外部敷裹物系统构型502的又一备选实施方案,外部泡沫块504类似于上述泡沫块404,内部泡沫组件506位于真皮和皮下层内。组件506由近侧内部泡沫块508组成,近侧内部泡沫块508可位于由伤口形成的损伤腔510内筋膜顶部上的皮下层的底部,而远侧内部泡沫块412主要位于在外部泡沫块504和近侧内部泡沫块508之间的伤口的真皮和皮下层部分中。
敷裹物系统构型502可根据需要配置和重新配置成在不同愈合阶段中适应不同伤口构型。例如,当损伤腔510闭合时,可除去近侧内部泡沫块508。同样,当皮下层和真皮愈合时,可除去远侧内部泡沫块512。而且,结合敷裹物更换,并根据伤口构型的变化,可根据需要用不同尺寸的泡沫块代替泡沫块504、508和512。这样的尺寸和构型可选择成使压力梯度(正和负)、流体控制、水肿控制、抗菌测量、冲洗或其它处理方案的有利效果最佳。更进一步,上述进入板318可结合敷裹物系统502使用,以便提供接近其泡沫块和接近伤口本身的入口。
图29显示了在外部真空源的真空效应下压缩的内部/外部敷裹物系统502,其中消毒盖布316在压缩的外部泡沫块504上被紧紧地向下拉。因此被压缩,系统502适合于向伤口区域传递正压力差的压缩力。
X.备选实施方案的敷裹物组件602
图30-37显示了包括本发明的备选实施方案的能重新盖紧的、预装的外部敷裹物组件602。敷裹物组件602包括泡沫块604,泡沫块604可完全覆盖在人造纤维606或具有期望的吸收和/或毛细性能的一些其它合适的材料中。泡沫块604还包括核心605,核心605包括合适的材料如聚氨基甲酸酯、疏水泡沫。或者,可利用具有疏水或亲水特性的其它泡沫材料。也可使用各种尺寸和形状的泡沫块604,包括在医疗程序过程期间将它切割和修剪成一定尺寸。
泡沫块604可拆卸地放置在包括底板610的能重新盖紧的护罩608内,底板610选择性地由形成中心开口618的可拆卸的粘性背衬条612、614和616覆盖。如图31所示,底板610中的中心开口618最初由中心背衬条614覆盖。移除中心背衬条614,通过开口618暴露泡沫块604。能重新盖紧的护罩608还包括顶板620,其中能重新盖紧的密封条622从一端延伸到另一端并通常纵向地居于中心。密封条622在结构上可类似于上述能重新盖紧的密封条324。顶板620还包括流体口324、326,流体口324、326可包括例如路厄锁定连接器或一些其它合适的流体连接设备。
护罩608可包括聚乙烯或在性能标准如渗透性、柔韧性、生物适应性和抗菌特性的基础上选择的一些其它合适的材料。在可通过暴露至空气循环来促进愈合的医疗应用中,各种渗透性和半渗透性材料通常用作皮肤消毒盖布。对于可利用连续真空抽吸且不要求敷裹物602是气密的应用,护罩608可由上述材料形成。
根据本发明方法的实施方案,对于特定应用,可由合适的部件预制或定制敷裹物组件602。在预制方案中,敷裹物602优选地预先消毒并包装在无菌包装中。
敷裹物602一般应用在新闭合的外科手术切口上,用于控制出血和其它流体渗出。例如,敷裹物602可放置在患者上,其中其底板开口618位于缝合线636上(图36)。中心背衬条614从底板610剥除,以暴露底板610上的开口618和粘合剂628(图33)。开口618提供流体迁移,其也可通过由可渗透性材料构造护罩底板610或通过提供通过其间的其它通道构型来提供。之后,敷裹物602可放置在患者上,其中底板粘合剂提供暂时的固定。如图32所示,然后,可移除侧面背衬条612、616,且底板610完全固定到患者。
流体口624、626适合于抽出或注入流体或两者,取决于特定的处理方法。为了抽出,真空源可连接到一个或两个口624、626,并可包括机械动力压力差源,如壁式抽吸装置。或者,可提供手操作机械抽吸装置,例如可从印地安那州的Warsaw的Zimmer公司购得的抽吸球(suction bulb)630(图33)或Hemovac设备。这种手操作抽吸设备可适应患者的活动性,并往往能相对简单地来操作。动力抽吸装置和流体泵设备的程序可预先编制成提供间断和交替的抽吸和注入,并自动响应患者状况反馈信号。如图33所示,负压力差(抽吸)的应用使护罩608坍缩到泡沫块604上。因此,可实施并控制上述各种动态流体力和流体运动效应。
图34显示了进一步坍缩在泡沫块604上的护罩608,这是由于从两个流体口24抽空的结果,如流体流动箭头632所示。环境空气压力箭头634显示了该力的施加,这往往使护罩608坍缩在泡沫块604上。
图35显示了打开的密封条622以进入敷裹物602的内部。接着,可移除泡沫块604,如图36所示,由此可在视觉上检查和/或处理缝合线636。可根据需要翻转或更换泡沫块604。图37显示了泡沫块604的横截面,泡沫块604可完全包覆在人造纤维或一些其它合适的毛细材料606中,以便适应靠着缝合线636的任一侧的放置。
XI.备选实施方案的敷裹物组件702
图38-40显示了敷裹物组件702,其包括本发明的备选实施方案并包括泡沫块704,泡沫块704包括任何适当的疏水或亲水泡沫材料。泡沫块704选择性地并可拆卸地位于类似于上述护罩608的护罩708内。衬里706可包括一片人造纤维或一些其它合适的材料,其适合于通过毛细作用将流体从缝合线636传送到泡沫块704,并进一步适合于使患者从与泡沫块704的直接接触中隔离。衬里706的尺寸可制定成贴着护罩708的底板平放。
在手术中,在适合于伤口检查、伤口处理和部件更换程序的敷裹物中,敷裹物组件702适合于容易地利用可用部件,例如泡沫块704和衬里706,所有程序都不必移除护罩或干扰其粘合剂到患者的粘附。图39显示了移除可被翻转以再度使用或更换的泡沫块704。图40示出移除也可容易更换的衬里。在移除衬里706的情况下,缝合线636被暴露,用于拆除缝线、检查、处理、冲洗和其它程序。之后,可重新闭合护罩708,并可重新开始真空辅助和/或其它处理。
XII.备选实施方案的敷裹物组件802
包括本发明的备选实施方案的敷裹物组件802显示在图41中,并包括在适合于通过能重新盖紧的密封条808来打开和闭合的护罩806中的泡沫块804。护罩806包括上消毒盖布部分810,上消毒盖布部分810可包括合适的可半渗透或不可渗透的消毒盖布材料。护罩806包括周界812,周界812可设置有适合于在护罩806周围提供相对的不透流体密封的任选粘性周界密封件813。周界密封件813可相对狭窄,以便使患者的不适度、皮肤浸渍等减至最小。底板814包括合适的毛细材料如人造纤维,并延伸到护罩周界812。为了渗透性或闭塞性、生物适应性、对液体的疏水或亲水反应、抑菌(bacteriastatic)和抗菌特性以及其它有关性能的特性和标准,可选择包括敷裹物802的材料。
在手术中,敷裹物802放置在患者的伤口或缝合线上。周界粘合剂813可提供暂时的固定和密封。胶带条816可放置在护罩周界812上,用于将护罩806固定在适当位置。如上所述,流体通过毛细材料层814迁移到泡沫块804,以通过可连接到真空源的合适的流体连接器来抽空。而且,敷裹物802适合于提供正压力梯度,同样如上所述。密封条808允许接近泡沫块804以翻转或更换,如所指示的。
泡沫块804、消毒盖布上部部分810和毛细材料层814可组装为能独立移动,由此只有在这些部件中间的连接出现在周界812周围,其中消毒盖布上部部分810连接到毛细材料层814。上述独立自由移动允许敷裹物组件802重新配置其自身,以符合患者和各种施加的力,如压力梯度。因此,单个部件可彼此独立地膨胀和收缩,而不使其它部件变形或干扰敷裹物组件802的性能和舒适度。
XIII.备选实施方案的敷裹物系统902
包括本发明另一备选方面或实施方案的敷裹物组件902显示在图42-46中,并包括敷裹物904,敷裹物904适合于控制正压缩力和/或负抽吸力对有切口型组织分离906的患者的应用。在没有系统902的有用应用的一般性的限制情况下,切口906可包括外科手术切口,其可任选地用缝线908或其它合适的伤口闭合程序包括钉、粘合剂、胶带等来闭合。切口906可包括在切口底部内的闭合抽吸引流管910,抽吸引流管910可通过使用众所周知的外科手术程序的穿刺切口而带到皮肤表面。
敷裹物904包括具有任选的周界基底环(perimeter base ring)912的敷裹物罩909,基底环912包括可半渗透的材料,其中与皮肤相容的粘合剂层914应用于其下部面。在应用敷裹物904之前,基底环粘合剂914安装具有释放片(release tab)917(图44)的释放纸背衬916(图45)。基底环912界定中心近侧开口918,敷裹物904通过开口918向下打开。罩上部结构920包括远侧板922、通常界定折弯的可折叠边缘的周界924、以及在另一折弯的可折叠边缘处围绕中心开口918固定到基底环912的近侧返回环926。因此,基底环和返回环912、926形成适合于膨胀和坍缩的套入式双重厚度基底结构928。远侧罩开口930形成在远侧板922中,并与柔性、波形可折叠护罩连接,而该护罩又安装在远侧终止于连接器936中的一段钢性管件934,连接器936包括例如无针的路厄锁定毂或其它合适的管件连接/闭合设备如空气阀。管件934包括与敷裹物罩909内部连通的近侧端935。
任选的迁移组件或元件938设置在罩909内并通过其中心开口918暴露。迁移组件938任选地包括可压缩的网状核心940,可压缩的网状核心940可包括例如由于其疏水性、弹性和记忆性能特征而被选择的聚氨基甲酸酯醚泡沫材料。迁移组件938还包括多孔柔性衬里942,衬里942包括诸如Owens
Figure A20068003668800301
人造纤维外科手术敷裹物的材料,该材料具有液体毛细特性和对直接接触患者皮肤的生物适应性。
在对敷裹物系统902的有用敷用的一般性没有限制的情况下,手术后切口敷裹物的应用特别适合于相同情况。敷裹物904可预装和无菌包装以在无菌条件,例如一般在手术室中维持的条件下打开。中心开口918的尺寸可制定成适应具有足够重叠的组织分离906,由此周界基底环粘合剂914粘结到在组织分离906区域周围并在下层内部手术解剖区域之外的健康皮肤上。多个敷裹物904可从一端到另一端(图46)或并排放置,以便有效地覆盖相对长的切口950。在这样的多个敷裹物敷用中,同样为了患者舒适的目的,在涂有粘合剂的基底环交叉的位置处可用插入的隔离层条(barrier layer strip)948来覆盖缝合线952。隔离层条948可包括例如:可从新泽西州的Elwood的Integrity Medical Devices公司购得的Xeroform纱布;Vaseline
Figure A20068003668800303
纱布;或Owens
Figure A20068003668800304
人造纤维带。
基底环粘合剂914优选地在处理区域周围形成相对不透流体的接合。任选地,基底环912可包括具有合适的透气性特征的合适的可半渗透性膜材料,以增强患者舒适度并避免在接触区域内浸渍。合适的差压力源944耦合到管件连接器936。在没有限制的情况下,压力源944可包括自动和手动的压力源。例如,在手术室和卫生保健机构的其它地方中通常可利用自动的壁式抽吸装置。
对于手术后切口敷裹来说,手术室壁式抽吸装置可连接到连接器936,敷裹物904被抽空,以及壁式抽吸装置断开,由此连接器936密封系统。应认识到,使用在外部作用在敷裹物罩909和内部压缩的迁移组件938上的正环境空气压力可实现平衡的“稳态”条件,因此通过压缩力箭头939(图43)对切口906和周围区域施加压缩力。
例如,图43显示了坍缩的敷裹物904,其中人造纤维敷裹物衬里942延伸超出聚氨基甲酸酯醚泡沫核心940,并形成位于双重折叠的罩周界924内的双重厚度的衬里周界946。在此构型中,来自于切口906的任何液体渗出物通过人造纤维衬里942的毛细作用经流体迁移箭头941有效地传送远离切口906。在手术后的短期通常一天或两天内,可预料到从切口线有血清血液流体喷射。与通过可半渗透性基底环912进入的少量周围空气循环相联合的人造纤维衬里942的毛细作用相配合,以维持切口906和它周围的健康皮肤相对干燥,以便避免浸渍。由敷裹物904的部件提供的压力差与上述毛细作用相配合还可促进伤口渗出物的抽出和去除。在敷裹物904处于其压缩构型的情况下(图43),管件近侧935可接合并被推到迁移元件938中,用于其间的直接流体迁移。
排空的敷裹物904提供了很多医疗切口闭合和治愈益处。由敷裹物904施加的力所产生的对切口和周围组织的稳定和固定效果往往促进接触愈合,这与间隙愈合或其中相对边缘的一个在另一个上滑动和移动的愈合不同。而且,水肿和皮下血肿控制通过在压缩核心940中经由压缩力箭头939施加正压压缩力来实现,压缩核心940往往随着敷裹物904内压力的释放而恢复它的预先压缩形状和体积。因此,例如在基底环912周围限制或控制渗漏的效果往往通过核心940的控制膨胀来抵消。通过敷裹物904的有限空气运动对控制内部潮湿、减少浸渍等可能是有利的。
系统902适合于在闭合和愈合切口过程中根据需要来进行调节和替换。额外的空气替换可从自动或手动源经由连接器936来进行。可应用壁式抽吸装置、机械泵和其他自动源。手动真空源包括:挤压型球(图33中的630);可从印地安那州的Warsaw的Zimmer公司购得的(Snyder)Hemovac
Figure A20068003668800321
抽空装置;以及真空管。可通过在敷裹物罩上部结构920中制造L形切口并拔出或提升迁移组件938从而暴露切口906来实现切口906的检查。可翻转或替换迁移组件938。接着,可通过应用罩909的替换部分来释放敷裹物904,随后可排空敷裹物904,如上所述。在处理完成之后,可切掉罩上部结构920并可丢弃迁移组件938。基底环912可从皮肤剥离,或仅仅留在适当位置,直到粘合剂914释放。
与敷裹物904相关联的稳定的固定和闭合力往往通过维持分离组织部分彼此接触以及通过控制和/或消除组织的侧向运动来促进愈合,而侧向运动可能会阻止愈合。与敷裹物902中的力相关联的正压压缩力部件往往闭合组织分离906,并保持相对的组织边缘处于彼此固定的接触中,从而促进愈合。可有效地抵制倾向于相对于彼此转移伤口边缘的各种其它动态力。
XIV.备选实施方案的外部敷裹物1002、1012
图47-49显示了备选实施方案的外部敷裹物1002。如图47所示,可通过将任选的引流条1004放置在伤口边缘之间,并将条远侧折叠在相邻皮肤表面上来准备伤口6。这种条的使用是众所周知的。被称为彭罗斯引流装置(Penrose drain)的胶乳种类可从罗德艾兰州的Cranston的Davol公司得到。被称为Swanson切口引流装置的硅橡胶种类可从田纳西州的Arlington的Wright Medical Technology公司得到。备选的用于抽出流体的深伤口设备包括引流管,例如上述的那些引流装置,以及其它设备。或者,这种引流设备可从不需要增强引流的切口省去。而且,引流条1004可放置在流体迁移衬里条例如人造纤维、“纱布”敷裹物或衬里、“N-terface”衬里等上,以增加效率并防止皮肤浸渍。
图48显示了敷裹物1002,其包括具有网状泡沫核心或块1008(例如上述的聚氨基甲酸酯醚)流体迁移部件1006,网状泡沫核心或块1008具有表面1009以及远侧/上部和近侧/下部毛细材料(例如,人造纤维或其它合适的毛细材料)层1010、1012,毛细材料层1010、1012可任选地结合到核心1008或松散地放置在核心1008上。膜消毒盖布1014放置在流体迁移部件1006上,并可释放地粘附到邻近切口6的健康皮肤。肘联结器417放置在开口1016上,而开口1016在膜消毒盖布1014中形成排放口。联结器417连接到抽吸装置或负压力源,同样如上所述。当启动负压力源时,流体运动倾向于朝着流体迁移部件1006的周界沿底部毛细层1012横向(水平地)集中。流体迁移部件1006和周围大气之间的压力差压缩核心1008,如图49所示。例如,在大约20%到80%范围内的压缩是可行的。因此,人造纤维层1010、1012被拉得较接近,特别是在流体迁移部件1006的周界周围,由此有助于其间的流体迁移。更进一步,上部人造纤维层1010在负压力作用下倾向于向内横向拉,而下部人造纤维层1012由于被放置在皮肤上而倾向于保持其原始形状和尺寸。比泡沫核心1008压缩性小的上部人造纤维层110因此倾向于在其周界边缘周围向下偏转,进一步有助于流体流动到上部人造纤维层1010和排放联结器417。核心1008的暴露的周界边缘有助于空气移动到核心1008中,例如通过可包括可半渗透性材料的膜1014移动到核心1008中。
图50和51显示了另一备选实施方案的敷裹物组件1022,其中泡沫核心1024完全包封在毛细材料(例如人造纤维或其它合适的毛细材料)层1026中。图51显示了在施加负抽吸压力之后的敷裹物1022,其可使人造纤维层1026相邻于核心周界边缘的较低部分弯曲或打摺,因而提供延伸的、弯曲的毛细材料双层边1028。边1028可为患者皮肤提供额外界面,从而避免或减少诸如剪力疱肿(shearing force blistering)的有关压力的问题。边1028可为皮肤化脓的干燥模式提供以增强的空气流形式的另一益处,这是长期(三天到三星期)手术后敷裹物的要求。
又一备选实施方案的敷裹物系统包括在最初严重渗出阶段期间使用敷裹物组件1012,该阶段一般出现在外科手术后大约48-72小时。此后,可移除敷裹物1002,且人造纤维包封的敷裹物组件1022适合于长期(一般大约三天到三星期)手术后的渗出阶段。或者,人造纤维毛细材料层可单独地应用于继续渗出物的毛细辅助流体引流。组织因此被稳定,用于重要的早期胶原质强度增益和用于除去渗出物,因而允许“密封”切口6和引流部位,并促进皮肤表面的干燥。
图52显示了具有传感器1034的伤口敷裹物1032的又一实施方案,传感器1034与敷裹物1032相通信并向控制器1036提供输入信号,控制器1036可包括反馈回路1038,用于控制包括伤口敷裹物1032的系统的各种工作参数。例如,可监控血色素水平以及压力、流体流动、温度、患者状况和各种流出物和渗出物特征。
图53显示了敷裹物的实验模型1042,其垂直于系统中模型流体流动定向。流体往往存在于显示为底部44并沿网状聚氨基甲酸酯泡沫核心1050的侧面46、48以及界定流体迁移区1051的区域中。空气滞留区1052,即泡沫核心1050的顶部和中心往往捕获空气,由此流体往往被拉向外部边缘。因此,聚氨基甲酸酯醚网状泡沫材料倾向于在内部捕获空气并在外部移动液体。在此构型中,将液体移到排放肘(discharge elbow)417的能力的中断点在等于未压缩泡沫核心1050的体积约10%的液体体积处出现。网状泡沫中的液体吸收可通过给其通道涂上蛋白质来增强。
表I显示了在各种负压力水平下网状聚氨基甲酸酯醚泡沫材料的压缩效果。
                  表I
                压缩效果
  体积(CC)   %压缩
  泡沫块(干燥)   283.34   15
  具有薄膜消毒盖布   258.91   68
  具有50mm Hg VAC   58.94   73
  100mm   49.96   73
  150   42.41   77
  回到100   47.71   74
  空气再次平衡   133.95   28
图54显示,在未涂有和涂有蛋白质的泡沫条件下,网状聚氨基甲酸酯泡沫的总湿表面面积随在不同压力下增加的总液体体积的变化而变化。
图55显示了主动正压力止血器1062,其包括本发明的备选实施方案,且包括具有迁移部件1066的患者界面1064,用于靠着患者和放置在其上并固定到周围皮肤的上消毒盖布1068来放置。如果包括核心1069的材料与直接的皮肤接触不相容,则迁移部件1066可包括可选的衬里或罩1070以与患者的皮肤直接接合。迁移部件1066通过上消毒盖布1068中开口或排放口1072上的肘联结器417来与压力源1067相通。对迁移部件1066施加负压力导致通过迁移部件1066施加到患者皮肤上的正压力。止血器1062适合于为无流体水肿的快速再吸收提供局部压缩。应用可包括在体腔、内部器官和关节中的皮下出血(例如1074)和无水肿再吸收。其它应用也可利用主动压力止血设备1062,包括用于增强对表面应用的药物的吸收的泥罨剂型应用(poultice-type application)。如所示,传感器1034和控制器1036可监控各种工作参数以提供自动控制,特别是结合由迁移部件1066施加的变化的正压力。例如,皮下条件的可见的、热的和红外指示可由传感器1034检测,传感器1034为控制器1036的输入输出相应的信号。压力可在适当时循环并在达到某些预定条件时终止,例如,相应于达到处理目标的无水肿的重新吸收。
应理解,虽然已经显示和描述了本发明的确定实施方案和/或方面,但是本发明并不限于此,而且还包括各种其它实施方案和方面。例如,各种合适的其它材料可用来替代上面描述的那些材料。也可在必要时修改结构以适应特定应用。更进一步,各种控制系统可设置为并预编程序为自动适当地响应不同的工作条件。更进一步,上述系统和方法可与各种其它处理方案、药物和设备相结合。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于伤口或切口的敷裹物组件,其包括:
外部患者界面,其包括外部流体迁移部件,所述流体迁移部件适合于从所述伤口或切口迁移流体;所述外部患者界面包括上消毒盖布,所述上消毒盖布放置在所述流体迁移部件上与周围皮肤表面接触;以及
所述流体迁移部件包括多孔核心,所述多孔核心具有一表面和接合所述表面的毛细材料层。
2.如权利要求1所述的敷裹物组件,其包括:
所述上消毒盖布具有对所述流体迁移部件的开口;以及
所述开口形成排放口,用于从所述敷裹物组件排放流体。
3.如权利要求1所述的敷裹物组件,其包括:
内部流体迁移部件,其位于所述伤口或切口内与所述外部流体迁移部件流体相通。
4.如权利要求3所述的敷裹物组件,其中所述内部流体迁移部件包括引流条,所述引流条具有设置在所述伤口或切口内的内部部分和设置在所述伤口或切口外的外部部分。
5.如权利要求4所述的敷裹物组件,其包括:
多个所述引流条,每个都包括平坦的柔性材料;以及
每个所述引流条外部部分都折叠在邻近所述伤口或切口的皮肤表面上。
6.如权利要求2所述的敷裹物组件,其包括:
所述核心包括近侧和远侧表面以及在其间延伸的周界边缘;
所述毛细材料层包括近侧毛细材料层以及远侧毛细材料层,所述近侧毛细材料层接合所述核心近侧表面并适合于覆盖在所述伤口或切口上,所述远侧毛细材料层接合所述核心远侧表面和所述上消毒盖布。
7.如权利要求2所述的敷裹物组件,其中所述核心包括网状可压缩泡沫材料,所述网状可压缩泡沫材料选自于包括聚氨基甲酸酯醚(PUE)和多乙酸乙烯酯(PVA)的组。
8.如权利要求2所述的敷裹物组件,其中所述毛细材料包括人造纤维。
9.如权利要求1所述的敷裹物组件,其包括连接到所述流体迁移部件的压力源。
10.如权利要求9所述的敷裹物组件,其包括:
流体口,其安装在所述上消毒盖布上并连接到所述压力源。
11.如权利要求9所述的敷裹物组件,其中所述压力源包括手动操作的真空型设备。
12.如权利要求1所述的敷裹物组件,其包括:
毛细材料罩,其包封所述核心并包括所述毛细材料层;
所述罩包括周界边缘;
所述流体迁移部件具有压缩和未压缩构型;以及
所述毛细材料边缘弯曲并形成横向突出的边,其中所述流体迁移部件处于其压缩构型中。
13.如权利要求2所述的敷裹物组件,其包括:
所述核心在有负压力应用至其的情况下形成空气滞留内部区;
所述核心在其外表面处并邻近所述毛细材料罩形成流体迁移区;以及
所述流体迁移区适合于将流体从所述伤口或切口引导到所述排放口。
14.如权利要求9所述的敷裹物组件,其包括:
传感器,其连接到所述流体迁移部件并适合于感测所述流体迁移部件的特征以及提供相应于所述特征的输出信号;
控制器,其连接到所述传感器并从所述传感器接收输入信号和向所述压力源提供输出信号;以及
反馈回路,其连接到所述控制器输出和所述控制器,用于提供相应于所述控制器输出的反馈信号并将所述反馈信号输入到所述控制器。
15.一种用于伤口或切口的敷裹物组件,其包括:
外部患者界面,其包括外部流体迁移部件,所述流体迁移部件适合于从所述伤口或切口迁移流体;所述外部患者界面包括上消毒盖布,所述上消毒盖布放置在所述流体迁移部件上与周围皮肤表面接触;
所述流体迁移部件包括具有表面的多孔核心;
所述上消毒盖布具有对所述流体迁移部件的开口;
所述开口形成排放口,用于从所述敷裹物组件排放流体;
内部流体迁移部件,其设置在所述伤口或切口内与所述外部流体迁移部件流体相通,并包括多个引流条,每个所述引流条都具有设置在所述伤口或切口内的内部部分和设置在所述伤口或切口外的外部部分;
所述引流条的每个都包括平坦的柔性材料;
每个所述引流条外部部分都折叠在邻近所述伤口或切口的皮肤表面上;
压力源,其连接到所述流体迁移部件;
毛细材料罩,其包封所述核心并包括周界边缘;
所述流体迁移部件具有压力缩和未压缩构型;
所述毛细材料边缘弯曲并形成横向突出的边,其中所述流体迁移部件处于其压缩构型中;
所述核心在有负压力应用至其的情况下形成空气滞留内部区;
所述核心在其外表面处并邻近所述毛细材料罩形成流体迁移区;以及
所述流体迁移区适合于将流体从所述伤口或切口引导到所述排放口;
传感器,其连接到所述流体迁移部件并适合于感测所述流体迁移部件的特征以及提供相应于所述特征的输出信号;
控制器,其连接到所述传感器并从所述传感器接收输入信号和向所述压力源提供输出信号;以及
反馈回路,其连接到所述控制器输出和所述控制器,用于提供相应于所述控制器输出的反馈信号并将所述反馈信号输入到所述控制器。
16.一种用于在外部处理伤口或切口的方法,其包括步骤:
提供包括外部流体迁移部件的外部患者界面;
将所述外部患者界面放置在患者的伤口或切口上;
提供上消毒盖布并将其放置在所述流体迁移部件上与周围皮肤表面接触;
给所述流体迁移部件提供多孔核心,所述多孔核心包括一表面和接合所述表面的毛细材料层;以及
将流体从伤口或切口迁移到所述流体迁移部件。
17.一种止血器,其包括:
外部患者界面,其包括外部迁移部件;
所述外部患者界面包括上消毒盖布,所述上消毒盖布放置在所述迁移部件上与周围皮肤表面接触并包括一口;
所述迁移部件包括具有一表面的多孔核心;以及
压力源,其经由所述口连接到所述流体迁移部件。
18.如权利要求16所述的止血器,其包括:
传感器,其连接到所述流体迁移部件并适合于感测所述流体迁移部件的特征以及提供相应于所述特征的输出信号;
控制器,其连接到所述传感器并从所述传感器接收输入信号和向所述压力源提供输出信号;以及
反馈回路,其连接到所述控制器输出和所述控制器,用于提供相应于所述控制器输出的反馈信号并将所述反馈信号输入到所述控制器。
19.一种止血方法,其包括步骤:
提供包括外部流体迁移部件的外部患者界面;
将所述迁移部件应用于患者;
给所述外部患者界面提供上消毒盖布,并将所述上消毒盖布放置在所述迁移部件上与周围的皮肤表面接触;
给所述上消毒盖布提供一口;
给所述迁移部件提供包括一表面的多孔核心;
提供压力源;
将所述压力源经由所述口连接到所述流体迁移部件;以及
经由所述患者界面将皮下止血压力施加到患者。
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