CN101282664B - 鞋内底 - Google Patents

鞋内底 Download PDF

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CN101282664B
CN101282664B CN2006800373392A CN200680037339A CN101282664B CN 101282664 B CN101282664 B CN 101282664B CN 2006800373392 A CN2006800373392 A CN 2006800373392A CN 200680037339 A CN200680037339 A CN 200680037339A CN 101282664 B CN101282664 B CN 101282664B
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footwear
base portion
recess
foot
pod
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CN101282664A (zh
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M·P·谢斯金
R·M·弗雷德里克森
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Spenco Medical Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/02—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined wedge-like or resilient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/141—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form having an anatomical or curved form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/18—Resilient soles
    • A43B13/187—Resiliency achieved by the features of the material, e.g. foam, non liquid materials
    • A43B13/188—Differential cushioning regions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/1415—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/1415—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot
    • A43B7/1425—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot situated under the ball of the foot, i.e. the joint between the first metatarsal and first phalange
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/1415—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot
    • A43B7/143—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot situated under the lateral arch, i.e. the cuboid bone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/1415—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot
    • A43B7/1435—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot situated under the joint between the fifth phalange and the fifth metatarsal bone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/1415—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot
    • A43B7/144—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot situated under the heel, i.e. the calcaneus bone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/1415—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot
    • A43B7/1445—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot situated under the midfoot, i.e. the second, third or fourth metatarsal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/1415—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot
    • A43B7/145—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot situated under the toes, i.e. the phalanges
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/1455—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form with special properties
    • A43B7/1464—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form with special properties with adjustable pads to allow custom fit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/22—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with fixed flat-foot insertions, metatarsal supports, ankle flaps or the like
    • A43B7/223—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with fixed flat-foot insertions, metatarsal supports, ankle flaps or the like characterised by the constructive form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/22—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with fixed flat-foot insertions, metatarsal supports, ankle flaps or the like
    • A43B7/226—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with fixed flat-foot insertions, metatarsal supports, ankle flaps or the like characterised by the material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/32—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with shock-absorbing means

Abstract

鞋内底为足部运动提供缓冲和控制作用。鞋内底包括稳定托架和多个位于鞋内底核芯或者说基部的下侧上的荚状物。一些荚状物被选择有不同的材料性能，以利于控制足部运动。

Description

鞋内底
本发明大致涉及一种改进了的鞋内底(insole)，更具体地，涉及为穿着者的足部提供缓冲和支持作用的改进的鞋内底。
发明背景
人脚是非常复杂的生物机体。在走路的时候，当脚后跟碰地时，脚上负重一般是人身体重量的1.5倍。在跑步或者携带额外重量(例如背包)的时候，脚上的负重可能超过身体重量的三倍。许多骨头、肌肉、韧带和脚腱起到吸收及消耗碰撞力、支撑身体和其它负重的重量，以及提供推进力的作用。适当设计的鞋内底能够协助足部完成这些功能并保护脚免受伤害。
鞋内底可以定做以满足个人特殊需求。它们可以基于使用者足部的铸模来制作，或者由按照使用者足部轮廓模制的热塑性材料制成。然而，为一般大众制作这样的鞋内底不实际。像许多定做的物品一样，定做的鞋内底往往是很贵的，因为需求量小且需要大量时间来制作并使它变得合适。
为了使鞋内底可以销售给一般大众，鞋内底必须做成不需要个别调整和修改就能够有益于使用者。一般场外可以买到的第一类鞋内底着重脚部缓冲功能，这样为了提升吸收冲击力。对于普通个人而言，当进行轻微的、适当的运动，诸如走路或者跑步时，缓冲鞋内底足够起作用。
也就是说，缓冲鞋内底可以为这样的运动提供足够的缓冲和支持作用。然而，对于比较费力或者在技术上富有挑战性的运动，诸如：携带重的背包或者穿越难走的地形，普通的缓冲鞋内底就不够了。在这样的条件下，缓冲鞋内底本身不能提供足够的支持和控制作用，并且在使用期间效果可能会降到最低点。
场外的(over-the-counter)另一类型鞋内底着重于控制作用。典型地，像这样的鞋内底做得相对较僵硬且刚性，这样通过限制脚的运动而控制脚的弯曲和扭动。刚性的结构有利于控制运动，但不是很宽松。因此，当足部运动到达由刚性结构带来的极限时，脚上的负重趋向于突然改变且可能增加脚部结构的负重。因为生物组织、诸如腱和韧带对它们所负重的比率很敏感，负重的突然改变可能会导致创伤或损伤。
考虑到上文所述的情况，希望能够提供一种具有缓冲和控制作用的场外鞋内底。
还希望能够提供对一般大众比较实用的、具有缓冲和控制作用的鞋内底。
发明概述
考虑到上文所述的情况，本发明的目的是提供一种具有缓冲和控制作用的场外鞋内底。
本发明的目的还在于提供一种对于一般大众比较实用的，具有缓冲和控制作用的鞋内底。
本发明上述的和其它的目的和优点都是由具有控制和缓冲作用的鞋内底提供的。鞋内底包括有相互作用的部件的系统，这些相互作用的部件协作以达到所希望的脚部缓冲和运动控制作用。该部件包括泡沫塑料核芯(core)，半刚性的稳定托架(stability cradle)和多个有弹性的荚状物(pod)和衬垫(pad)。可以选择部件的性能、尺寸、形状以及位置以获得到所希望的缓冲和控制作用。更具体地是为了获得所希望的生物机械功能。
与本发明的原理相一致，缓冲核芯或者说基部与相对较硬的稳定托架和多个弹性材料制成的荚状物结合以形成具有缓冲、稳定和控制作用的鞋内底。通过改变尺寸、形状和荚状物的材料性能(materialproperty)，所设计的鞋内底可以满足过度的/不足的旋前动作(pronation)、过度的/不足的旋后动作(supination)和其它与足部运动相关的问题。
在本发明的优选实施例中，鞋内底的部件永久性地相互粘贴在一起，以制造出为特定类型或者特定范围的运动而设计的鞋内底。然后利用多种鞋内底设计来满足不同运动的宽泛需求。在本发明可选实施例中，鞋内底包括有多个具有不同特性的可互换的荚状物。使用这样的全套工具，最终用户可以选择性地改变荚状物来订制满足特殊运动的需求的鞋内底。
附图简述：
参考下文详细说明和附图，可以理解本发明上述的和其它的目的和优点，附图中相似的参考数字指的是相似的零件，其中：
图1是与本发明原理一致的鞋内底的所示实施例的分解透视图；
图2和图3是分别显示了图1中鞋内底的基部和稳定托架的透视图；
图4到图7分别是图1中鞋内底的背面视图(顶部视图)、脚底视图(底部视图)、外侧(lateral)视图(外视图)和后视图；
图8是图1中鞋内底的纵向截面图；
图9和图10是图1中鞋内底的横向截面图；而
图11是足部骨头附加在图1鞋内底上时的脚底示意图。
发明详述
参考图1到图11，与本发明原理一致的鞋内底构造公开在其中。正如图1的分解视图所示，鞋内底20是复合结构，其包括基部22、稳定托架24、后跟外侧荚状物(lateral heel pod)26、后跟内侧荚状物(medial heel pod)28、中足外侧荚状物30、前足荚状物32、外翻部(valgus)衬垫34和上部薄板36。尽管在图1中看不到，鞋内底20还包括设置在基部22和上部薄板36之间的薄衬垫，以形成横向的足弓支持部38，其可以在图4到图9中看见。
正如图2所示，基部22大致具有完整或者部分鞋内底的形状。基部22优选地由一层或者多层具有合适缓冲性能的泡沫塑料或者其它材料制成。例如，基部22可以包括顶层和底层，顶层由大约2毫米、肖氏(Shore)硬度为C25-55的EVA泡沫塑料构成，底层由大约4.5毫米、肖氏硬度为C40-65的EVA泡沫塑料构成。更优选地，基于鞋内底使用者的运动类型而挑选基部22的材料。轻松的运动挑选较软的材料，而较硬的材料更适合难度较大的运动。例如，基部的顶侧由肖氏硬度为C30-35的EVA材料制成，而底侧由肖氏硬度为C45的EVA材料制成，该基部适合为例如徒步旅行而设计的鞋内底。但是，顶侧和基部的EVA层的肖氏硬度分别为C45-50和C60，这样的基部更适合为背包运动而设计的鞋内底。
基部22有凸起的边缘40，其环绕脚后跟且部分沿脚侧延伸，这样使得鞋内底与脚的自然形状一致。如图6-10所示，凸起边缘24的高度在脚内侧位置一般较高，在脚外侧高度较低，而基部材料在脚内侧位置也较厚。基部22还包括凹部42、44和46，其分别与稳定托架24、前足荚状物32和外翻部衬垫34配合。
基部22部分设置在稳定托架24的内部，稳定托架提供刚性给鞋内底20。优选地，稳定托架24由有足够刚性的材料制成以控制脚部运动，例如，稳定托架24可以由肖氏硬度为A90的聚丙烯制成。
稳定托架24大致地从跟骨(在其下方)延伸，穿过脚的中部跗骨关节。然而，向前的内侧部分形成为可以调节脚趾离地(toe off)时第一跖骨的向下运动(如下所述)。围绕后跟即沿稳定托架24外侧的压痕58有助于提高鞋内底20与鞋子的适合度，并且降低鞋内底20与鞋子之间的移动。
如图6-10所示，稳定托架24包括壁，其包裹基部22的侧部和后部以提供对脚的支持。优选地，稳定托架24为大约3毫米厚，壁的厚度从2毫米逐渐减少到0.5毫米。因为较大的负重，在脚的内侧，稳定托架24的边优选地较高。例如，稳定托架24的内侧48在纵向足弓内侧下延伸向上。槽50提高沿稳定托架24内侧的弹性，而并不牺牲对纵向足弓的支持。优选地，基部22模制而成，因此泡沫塑料材料52和54部分插入槽50和孔56中，使得其大致对齐稳定托架34的外表面，以机械地将稳定托架24和基部22锁定在一起。有利地，当基部22受压缩时，例如，在走路时，泡沫塑料还能够通过槽42凸起，以提供额外的缓冲作用给足弓。
荚状物26-30通过稳定托架24中相应的开口60-64而附接在基部22的底侧。前足荚状物32和外翻部衬垫34在稳定托架24之前附接在基部22的底部上，而上部薄板36附在基部22的顶部表面上。如下文所要描述的那样，这些荚状物和衬垫的尺寸、形状和设置都基于脚的各种解剖特征和足部运动的生物力学。
脚与地面的接触一般分成三个阶段：脚跟碰地，中足支持和脚趾离地。在脚跟碰地时，脚跟用很大的力与地面碰撞。为了缓冲碰撞，后跟外侧荚状物26沿跟骨的后部和外侧放置，在稳定托架24下突出。优选地，后跟外侧荚状物26由具有适当缓冲性能的材料制成。例如，后跟外侧荚状物26可以由肖氏硬度为C40-60、大约6毫米的聚氨酯材料制成。更优选地，后跟外侧荚状物26的性能基于运动的类型加以选择。例如，为例如徒步旅行这样运动而设计的鞋内底，其后跟外侧荚状物26适合由具有C45-50肖氏硬度的聚氨酯制成，反之，为例如背包这样的运动而设计的鞋内底，肖氏硬度为C50-55的聚氨酯更适合。
在脚跟与地面的最初碰撞之后，足部扭转或者旋前动作使得后跟内侧与地面接触。足部对旋前动作的数量以及旋前动作发生的速率(rate)很敏感。旋前动作是自然的，某些程度的旋前动作是所希望的，因为其可以用来在走路或者跑步时吸收脚上的应力和作用力。然而，过度的旋前动作次数或旋前动作速率会导致损伤。
稳定托架24沿脚内部提供牢固的支持以利于控制旋前动作的次数。后跟内侧荚状物28由与后跟外侧荚状物26不同性能的材料制成，以利于控制旋前动作的速率。例如，为了减少旋前动作速率，后跟内侧荚状物28可以由比后跟外侧荚状物26更牢固的材料制成。较牢固或者较硬的材料在相同负重的情况下，压缩程度和速度不及较软的材料。因此，后跟内侧荚状物由较坚固的材料制成，比由较软材料制成后跟外侧荚状物的压缩程度较小。其结果是，后跟内侧荚状物28趋于抵抗或者抵消旋前动作，因此可以帮助减少旋前动作的程度和速率。相反，使用比后跟外侧荚状物26软的材料制作的后跟内侧荚状物28会趋于增加旋前动作的次数和速率。
优选地，基于后跟外侧荚状物26的材料硬度以及运动类型而选择用于制作后跟内侧荚状物28的材料硬度。例如，从轻松到中等强度的行为过程中所使用的鞋内底，后跟外侧荚状物26和后跟内侧荚状物28的材料硬度可以相差20-30％。更具体地，为轻松徒步旅行而设计的鞋内底，其后跟外侧及内侧荚状物具有的肖氏硬度分别是大约C45-50和C60。
在脚跟碰撞时和碰撞后，携带的重背包大大增加了脚的负重和旋前动作速率。因此，在设计用于负重使用的鞋内底时，后跟内侧荚状物28可以由更坚固的材料制成。例如，硬度差为20-40％的材料更适合这样的运动。更具体地，为背包而设计的鞋内底，其后跟外侧和内侧荚状物分别具有的肖氏硬度值为C50-55和C65-70。
中足衬垫30在每一次迈步的中间阶段中为脚的外侧提供缓冲和控制作用。典型地，中足衬垫30由具有和侧面脚跟荚状物相同性能(例如，硬度)的材料制成。然而，也可以使用具有不同性能的材料。
在推进或者说脚趾离地的步骤开始时，脚跟开始从地面提起，重量转移到脚掌(the ball of the foot)上。前足荚状物32位于脚的这个部位。优选地，前足荚状物32由相对有弹性的材料制成，因此压缩前足荚状物32的能量在脚趾离地时可以反过来帮助推动足部。例如，前足荚状物32可以由一层大约6.5毫米厚、肖氏硬度大约为C25-45、更具体地为C30-40的EVA材料制成。优选地，前足荚状物32包括倾斜的凹槽66，如图1-5所示。凹槽66自成角度与脚掌内的关节的枢纽线协调，以增加前足荚状物32的柔性。
在脚趾离地的时候，第一跖骨自然地向下弯曲。防止第一跖骨的这种自然向下弯曲会引起足弓变平以及脚的过度旋前动作，这样增加了脚踝和膝盖的压力。为调节这种向下弯曲，前足荚状物32的内侧部分62向后延伸进稳定托架24的相应凹部64内。稳定托架和前足荚状物的形状允许第一跖骨更自然地弯曲，因此在脚趾离地的时候让大脚趾负重。
外翻部衬垫34位于脚外侧脚趾的下方。为了在脚趾离地时进一步鼓励大脚趾负重，外翻部衬垫34比基部22坚固。例如，外翻部衬垫34可以由1.5毫米厚、肖氏硬度为C70的EVA层制成。
在优选实施例中，基部22由上部薄板36覆盖，其优选地是摩擦系数低的无纺布层，这样为了降低起水疱的可能性。在优选实施例中，无纺布经过抗菌药剂处理，与防湿部件一起减少细菌和真菌引起的气味。一系列空气端口66延伸穿过上部薄板36、基部22和前足荚状物32，以允许鞋内底20上部和下部的空气流通。
图11显示了足部骨头作用在根据本发明的鞋内底上的底视图。脚跟处是跟骨70，跟骨前面是距骨72。距骨72前在脚内侧是舟骨74，而在脚外侧是骰骨76。骰骨和舟骨前是楔形骨78。在楔形骨78和骰骨76的前面是跖骨80A-80E。第一跖骨80A位于脚的内侧，第五跖骨80E位于脚的外侧。跖骨前面是近端趾骨82。近端趾骨82前面是中间趾骨84，在每个脚趾的端部是远端趾骨86。
在本发明的第一优选实施例中，根据本发明原理制造的鞋内底各部件使用适当的方式(例如粘合剂)而永久性地附接在基部22上。在本发明的可选实施例中，至少一些部件，尤其是荚状物以能够以可改变或者可替代的方式附在基部22上。例如，用钩和环扣件、临时性粘合剂(temporary adhesive)或者其它可移除的附接工具可以使荚状物26-32附在基部22上。通过提供包括可互换部件的鞋内底全套工具，最终使用者可以让鞋内底适用于他们的特定需求或者特定的最终用途。例如，易受过度旋前动作影响的最终使用者，或者是带很重的背包徒步旅行的最终使用者，可以选择比常规使用者所用的更坚固的后跟内侧荚状物。
本发明已经在相关的优选实施例中作了介绍，详细的介绍并不限制本发明，而其它改进对于本领域技术人员来说也是显而易见的。例如，上述公开的本发明的实施例以控制过度旋前动作的需求为前提。因此，在所示实施例中，鞋内底具有比后跟外侧荚状物更坚固的后跟内侧荚状物。类似地，在脚趾离地时，通过改变基部22、前足荚状物32和外翻部衬垫34的任何性能，鞋内底可以适用于过度的或者不足的旋后动作。
本发明已经在本文中公开了场外鞋内底，其可以供普通大众使用。然而，足部医生或者其他医学专家可以使用相同的原理设计出或者制造出满足病人特殊需求的鞋内底。
因此，已经公开了改良的鞋内底。显而易见地，在所示实施例中公开的鞋内底有利于在诸如徒步旅行或者背包等运动中缓冲足部并控制旋前动作。然而，人们应当理解，还可以改良鞋内底系统的部件以适应其它运动或者控制其它脚步运动。因此本文所提供的说明性内容，包括鞋内底部件的特殊厚度、材料、性能的说明性内容仅仅起到举例说明的作用，而并不是限制性的作用，本发明仅由所附的权利要求来限制。

Claims (54)

1.一种鞋内底，其具有顶表面和底表面，所述顶表面用来接触用户的足部，所述底表面用来接触用户的鞋子的内侧，所述鞋内底包括：
a.基部，所述基部具有基部顶侧和基部底侧，所述基部具有后跟端，脚尖端，限定内弓形区的第一侧和限定外边界区的第二侧，所述第一侧和第二侧从所述后跟端延伸至所述脚尖端，所述基部底侧限定脚尖区、前足区以及稳定区；
b.由半刚性材料制成的稳定托架，所述稳定托架具有托架顶侧和托架底侧，所述稳定托架限定从所述托架顶侧延伸至所述托架底侧的至少三个开口，所述托架顶侧附在所述基部底侧的所述稳定区上，由此所述基部底侧和所述开口在所述鞋内底底表面中限定第一凹部、第二凹部和第三凹部；以及
c.一体结合在所述基部和所述稳定托架中的相互作用的协作构件的系统，所述系统包括插入所述第一凹部的后跟外侧荚状物，插入所述第二凹部的后跟内侧荚状物，以及插入所述第三凹部的中足外侧衬垫。
2.根据权利要求1所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述基部的所述前足区限定前足衬垫凹部，并且其中所述相互作用的构件的系统还包括插入所述前足凹部的前足衬垫。
3.根据权利要求1所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述基部的所述脚尖区限定外翻部衬垫凹部，并且其中所述相互作用的构件的系统还包括插入所述外翻部衬垫凹部的外翻部衬垫。
4.根据权利要求2所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述基部的所述脚尖区限定外翻部衬垫凹部，并且其中所述相互作用的构件的系统还包括插入所述外翻部衬垫凹部的外翻部衬垫。
5.根据权利要求1所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述鞋内底还包括上部薄板，所述上部薄板具有足部接触表面和相对的表面，所述相对的表面粘附到所述基部顶侧上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述鞋内底还包括设置在所述基部顶侧和所述上部薄板相对的侧之间的薄衬垫，一形成横向弓形支撑。
7.根据权利要求1所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述后跟外侧荚状物放置在所述鞋内底中，使得其在使用期间邻近用户的跟骨的后侧和外侧，由此缓冲用户的后跟撞击运动的冲击。
8.根据权利要求7所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述后跟外侧荚状物有具有缓冲特性的材料制成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述材料为聚氨酯材料，具有肖氏C40-60的硬度值和6mm的厚度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述硬度值为肖氏C45-60。
11.根据权利要求9所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述硬度值为肖氏C50-55。
12.根据权利要求1所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述稳定托架、所述中足荚状物和所述后跟外侧荚状物提供对用户足部的内旋的量或速率的控制。
13.根据权利要求12所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述后跟内侧荚状物由比所述后跟外侧荚状物更坚固的材料制成，由此减小了用户足部的内旋的速率。
14.根据权利要求12所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述后跟内侧荚状物由比所述后跟外侧荚状物更柔软的材料制成，由此增加了用户足部的内旋的速率。
15.根据权利要求13所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述后跟内侧荚状物的硬度值选择成比所述后跟外侧荚状物的硬度值高从20％到30％以及从20％到40％。
16.根据权利要求14所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述后跟内侧荚状物的硬度值选择成比所述后跟外侧荚状物的硬度值低从20％到30％以及从20％到40％。
17.根据权利要求13所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述后跟内侧荚状物具有肖氏C65-70的硬度值，而所述后跟外侧荚状物具有肖氏C50-55的硬度值。
18.根据权利要求13所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述后跟内侧荚状物具有肖氏C60的硬度值，而所述后跟外侧荚状物具有肖氏C45-50的硬度值。
19.根据权利要求1所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述中足外侧衬垫具有与所述后跟外侧荚状物相似的坚固性。
20.根据权利要求19所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述中足外侧衬垫定位成使得其在一步的中姿部分期间对用户的足部提供缓冲和控制。
21.根据权利要求2所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述前足衬垫由相对有弹性的材料形成，由此当用户开始一步的脚趾离地阶段时，从用户的足部传至所述前足衬垫的能量被返回，并帮助在所述脚趾离地阶段推动该足部。
22.根据权利要求21所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述前足衬垫由一层EVA材料制成。
23.根据权利要求21所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述前足衬垫具有30-40的肖氏C硬度值。
24.根据权利要求21所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述前足衬垫具有对应于用户的足部的关节的铰合线的成角度的凹槽，由此所述前足衬垫在用户行走期间具有增大的挠性。
25.根据权利要求2所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述前足衬垫凹部成形为接纳具有内部的前足衬垫，而所述稳定托架具有有凹入部的顶部边缘，并且其中当所述前足衬垫位于所述前足衬垫凹部中时，所述前足衬垫内部通常延伸到所述凹入部中。
26.根据权利要求3所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述外翻部衬垫定位在所述鞋内底的所述外侧上。
27.根据权利要求26所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述外翻部衬垫比所述基部更坚固。
28.根据权利要求27所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述外翻部衬垫具有肖氏70的硬度值。
29.根据权利要求28所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述外翻部衬垫由EVA制成。
30.根据权利要求1所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述后跟外侧荚状物、所述后跟内侧荚状物以及所述中足外侧荚状物不可移动地附在限定所述凹部的所述基部底侧上。
31.根据权利要求1所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，一个或多个所述后跟外侧荚状物、所述后跟内侧荚状物以及所述中足外侧荚状物可移动地附在限定所述凹部的所述基部底侧上。
32.根据权利要求1所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述基部由具有缓冲特性的材料制成。
33.根据权利要求32所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述基部由一层或多层泡沫制成。
34.根据权利要求33所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述基部具有顶层和底层，所述顶层具有从肖氏C25-55的硬度值，而所述底层具有4.5mm的EVA泡沫，具有肖氏C40-65的硬度值。
35.根据权利要求33所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述基部具有顶层和EVA底层，所述顶层具有肖氏C30-35的硬度值，而所述底层具有肖氏C45的硬度值。
36.根据权利要求33所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述基部具有顶层和底层，所述顶层具有肖氏C45-50的硬度值，所述底层具有肖氏C60的硬度值。
37.根据权利要求1所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述基部模制成相对于所述基部顶侧大体上与用户的足部的自然形状相符的形状。
38.根据权利要求37所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述基部顶侧具有升高的边缘，该边缘包裹在后跟区周围，并部分地沿所述鞋内底的侧面延伸，所述侧面包括内侧和外侧。
39.根据权利要求38所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述鞋内底在所述内侧上与在所述外侧上相比更厚。
40.根据权利要求37所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述鞋内底的所述稳定托架成形为与所述基部的形状互补，从而邻近所述基部底侧稳固地配合。
41.根据权利要求40所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述稳定托架限定内部弓形区和荚状物区，所述稳定托架从水平向上延伸成与所述内部弓形区相符，该内部弓形区在使用期间邻近用户的内部纵向拱。
42.根据权利要求41所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述稳定托架在所述内部弓形区中限定一个或多个槽，所述槽将下面的基部材料暴露于所述鞋内底的所述底部。
43.根据权利要求42所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，在所述稳定托架中有十个槽。
44.根据权利要求42所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述下面的基部材料的部分突入所述槽，使得所述基部材料大致与所述稳定托架的外表面平齐。
45.根据权利要求44所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，当所述基部材料被用户的足部压缩时，所述基部材料通过所述槽凸出。
46.一种鞋内底，其具有顶表面和底表面，所述顶表面用来接触用户的足部，所述底表面用来接触用户的鞋的内侧，所述鞋内底包括：
a.基部，所述基部具有基部顶侧和基部底侧，所述基部具有后跟端，脚尖端，限定内弓形区的第一侧和限定外边界区的第二侧，所述第一侧和第二侧从所述后跟端延伸至所述脚尖端，所述基部底侧限定脚尖区、前足区以及稳定区，所述基部由材料模制成大体上与用户的足部的形状相符的形状，所述基部由泡沫材料制成，所述前足区限定具有内侧延伸的前足荚状物凹部；
b.由半刚性材料制成的稳定托架，所述稳定托架具有托架顶侧和托架底侧，所述稳定托架具有有内侧开槽区的顶部边缘，所述稳定托架限定从所述托架顶侧延伸至所述托架底侧的至少三个开口，所述托架顶侧具有与所述基部底侧互补的形状，并附在所述基部底侧的所述稳定区附近，由此所述基部底侧和所述开口在所述鞋内底底表面中限定第一凹部、第二凹部和第三凹部，并且其中所述内侧开槽区容纳所述前足衬垫凹部的所述内侧延伸部；以及
c.一体结合在所述基部和所述稳定托架中的相互作用的协作构件的系统，所述系统包括插入所述第一凹部的后跟外侧荚状物，插入所述第二凹部的后跟内侧荚状物，以及插入所述第三凹部的中足外侧衬垫，以及插入所述前足荚状物凹部的前足衬垫。
47.根据权利要求46所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述脚尖区限定外翻部衬垫凹部，并且外翻部衬垫插入该外翻部衬垫凹部中。
48.根据权利要求46所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述稳定托架限定一个或多个槽，所述基部底侧可突入所述槽中。
49.根据权利要求46所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述前足衬垫具有对应于用户的足部的关节的铰合线的成角度的凹槽，由此所述前足衬垫在用户行走期间具有增大的挠性。
50.根据权利要求46所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述后跟内侧荚状物由比所述后跟外侧荚状物更坚固的材料制成，由此减小了用户足部的内旋的速率。
51.根据权利要求46所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述后跟内侧荚状物由比所述后跟外侧荚状物更柔软的材料制成，由此增加了用户足部的内旋的速率。
52.一种缓冲并控制足部在鞋子中的运动的方法，所述方法包括：给所述鞋子提供鞋内底，所述鞋内底具有：
用来接触用户的足部的顶表面和用来接触用户的鞋子的内侧的底表面，所述鞋内底包括基部，所述基部具有基部顶侧和基部底侧，所述基部具有后跟端，脚尖端，限定内弓形区的第一侧和限定外边界区的第二侧，所述第一侧和第二侧从所述后跟端延伸至所述脚尖端，所述基部底侧限定脚尖区、前足区以及稳定区；
a.由半刚性材料制成的稳定托架，所述稳定托架具有托架顶侧和托架底侧，所述稳定托架限定从所述托架顶侧延伸至所述托架底侧的至少两个开口，所述托架顶侧附在所述基部底侧的所述稳定区上，由此所述基部底侧和所述开口在所述鞋内底底表面中限定第一凹部和第二凹部；以及
b.一体结合在所述基部和所述稳定托架中的相互作用的协作构件的系统，所述系统包括插入所述第一凹部的后跟外侧荚状物和插入所述第二凹部的后跟内侧荚状物，其中所述第一凹部和所述后跟外侧荚状物在所述鞋内底中定位成以便在使用期间邻近用户的跟骨的后侧和外侧，由此用户的后跟撞击运动的冲击，其中所述后跟内侧荚状物和所述后跟外侧荚状物具有彼此不同的相对坚固性，由此提供对用户的足部的内旋的速率或量的控制。
53.根据权利要求4所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述后跟内侧荚状物由比所述后跟外侧荚状物更坚固的材料制成，由此减小了用户足部的内旋的速率。
54.根据权利要求4所述的鞋内底，其特征在于，所述后跟内侧荚状物由比所述后跟外侧荚状物更柔软的材料制成，由此增加了用户足部的内旋的速率。
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US7665169B2 (en) 2010-02-23
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CN102113740A (zh) 2011-07-06
US8250784B2 (en) 2012-08-28
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US20070033834A1 (en) 2007-02-15
US20110131835A1 (en) 2011-06-09
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US20090151194A1 (en) 2009-06-18
USD634924S1 (en) 2011-03-29
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ES2573860T3 (es) 2016-06-10
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US7908768B2 (en) 2011-03-22
EP2476330A3 (en) 2014-01-22
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US20100095552A1 (en) 2010-04-22
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