CN101328791A - 用于从地面通到地下矿层的方法和系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于从地表面接近地下矿藏的改进的方法和系统，该方法和系统基本消除或减少了现有系统和方法相关的缺点和问题。具体讲，本发明提供了带有一排水型式的一分段的井，该排水型式与一水平腔体井相交。该排水型式提供了从地表面至较大地下层的通路，而竖直腔体井允许有效地取出和/或产生携带的水、碳氢化合物及其他沉积物。
Description
本发明专利申请是国际申请号为PCT/US 99/27494，国际申请日为1999年11月19日，进入中国国家阶段的申请号为99815570.5，名称为“用于从地表面接近地下矿藏的方法和系统”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
发明的技术领域
本发明总的涉及地下矿藏的开采，更具体地涉及用于从地表面接近地下矿藏的方法和系统。
发明背景
许多年来，对于含有大量携带的甲烷气体的煤的地下矿藏，在从煤层中得到甲烷气体是受到限制的。但是，大量的问题阻碍了更广泛的开发和使用煤层中的甲烷气体。从煤层中得到甲烷气体的首要问题是煤层可能延伸上至几千英亩的较大区域，煤层在深度上相当浅，从几英寸到几米。因此，尽管煤层常常相当接近地表面，但钻入到煤层中用于获得甲烷气体的竖直井仅能在煤层中排放相当小的半径范围。另外，对于经常用来从岩层中增加甲烷气体产量的压力断裂和其他方法，煤层是不可修复的。其结果是，一旦生产从煤层中的竖直井可容易排放出的气体，进一步的生产在量上就受到了限制。此外，煤层经常与地下水相关，地下水必须从煤层中排出以生产甲烷。
水平钻井型式已被尝试用来延伸暴露于用于气体收集的钻孔的煤层的量。但是，这样的水平钻井技术需要使用从煤层中除去携带的水存在困难的辐射的(radiused)井眼。从地下井中抽取水的最有效的方法-抽吸杆式泵在水平或辐射的井眼中不能很好地工作。
从煤层中在地表面生产气体的另一问题是由于煤层的多孔性造成的欠平衡钻井状态所引起的困难。在竖直和水平地表钻井操作中，钻井流体用来将钻屑从井眼移送到地表面。钻井流体在岩层上施加一流体静压，如果它超过岩层所能承受的流体静压，这将致使钻井流体丧失到岩层中。这使得所携带的细小岩屑进入到岩层中，从而易于阻塞产生气体所需的孔、裂缝和裂痕。
作为从煤层中进行地表生产甲烷气体的这些困难的结果，在开采之前必须从煤层中移走的甲烷气体已通过使用地下方法从煤层中移开。尽管使用地下方法可从煤层中容易地除去水并消除欠平衡钻井状况，但它们仅能够接近通过当前的开采操作暴露的有限量的煤层。例如，在进行长壁开采时，地下钻井设备用来钻凿从正在被开采的面进入到而后将被开采的相邻面中的水平孔。地下钻井设备的局限限制了这些水平孔的到达范围，由此限制了能够有效排水的区域。此外，下一个面的脱气在当前面的开采中限制了脱气时间。其结果是，必须钻凿许多水平孔以在有限的时间段内除去气体。另外，在较高的气体含量或气体通过煤层移动的情况下，需要中止或延迟开采，直到下一个面被充分地脱气。这些生产上的延迟增加了与使煤层脱气相关的成本。
发明概述
本发明提供了用于从地表面接近地下矿藏的一改进的方法和系统，该方法或系统基本消除或减少了与现有系统和方法相关的缺点和问题。具体讲，本发明提供了带有贯穿一水平腔体井的排水型式的一分段的井(articulated well)。该排水型式提供了从地表面到较大地下区域的通路，而竖直腔体井允许有效地移开和/或产生携带的水、碳氢化合物及其他沉积物。
按照本发明的一个实施例，用于从地表面接近地下层的一方法包括从地表面到该地下层钻凿出一大致竖直的井。从地表面到该地下层钻凿出一分段的井。该分段的井在地表面处水平偏离大致竖直的井，并在邻近地下层的汇合处贯穿该大致竖直的井。通过分段的井钻凿从汇合处进入到地下层中的一大致水平的排水型式。
按照本发明的另一方面，该大致水平的排水型式包括一羽状型式，该羽状型式具有从界定被排水型式覆盖的一区域的第一端的该大致竖直的井延伸至该区域的一远端的一大致水平的对角井眼。第一组大致水平的边侧井眼彼此间隔开地从该对角井眼延伸至位于该对角井眼的第一侧上的该区域的边界。第二组大致水平的边侧井眼彼此间隔开地从该对角井眼延伸至位于该对角井眼的相对的第二侧上的该区域的边界。
按照本发明的另一方面，用于准备一地下层以进行开采的一方法使用了大致竖直的井和分段的井以及该排水型式。水通过该排水型式从地下层排放到大致竖直井的汇合处。通过该大致竖直的井将水从汇合处抽吸到地表面。通过大致竖直的井和分段的井中的至少一个从该地下层产生气体。在完成脱气之后，通过该排水型式将水和其他附加物注入到地下层中来进一步准备该地下层。
按照本发明的另一方面，设置一泵定位装置，以将一井下泵精确地定位在井眼的腔体中。
本发明的技术优点包括提供用于从地表面接近地下矿藏的一改进的方法和系统。具体讲，从一分段的地表面井眼在目标层中钻凿一水平排水型式，以提供从地表面到该地下层的通路。通过杆式泵单元可有效地除去以及/或产生从该地下层通过被竖直腔体井眼贯穿的该排水型式排出的携带的水、碳氢化合物、及其他流体。其结果是，从低压或低孔隙度的岩层中可有效地在地表面处产生气体、油、及其他流体。
本发明的另一技术优点是包括提供了用于钻凿进入低压层中的一改进的方法和系统。具体讲，使用一井下泵或气举来减轻钻井操作中用来除去钻屑的钻井流体所施加的流体静压。其结果是，可在超低压的情况下钻凿该层，而不会使钻井流体丧失到岩层中并阻塞该岩层。
本发明的另一技术优点包括提供用于接近地下层的一改进的水平排水型式。具体讲，具有一主对角线和相对的诸边侧的一羽状结构可用来使从单个竖直井到该地下层的通路最大化。诸边侧井眼的长度在最接近竖直井的地方最大并向着主对角井眼的端部减小，以提供至一四边形或其他格子区域的一致通路。这允许该排水型式与长壁表面和其他地下结构对齐，以使开采的煤层或其他矿藏脱气。
本发明另一技术优点包括提供用于准备煤层或其他地下矿藏以进行开采的一改进的方法和系统。具体讲，地表面井眼用来在开采操作之前使煤层脱气。这减少了地下设备和活动并增加了时间以使煤层脱气，这使得由于较高气体含量所导致的故障最小化。此外，水和其他附加物可在开采操作之前注入到脱气的煤层中，以使灰尘和其他有害状况最小化，以改进采矿工艺的效率，并改进煤产品的质量。
本发明的另一技术优点包括提供从开采的煤层中产生甲烷气体的一改进的方法和系统。具体讲，在开采操作之前最初用来使煤层脱气的井眼可在开采操作之后再次用来收集采煤气体(gob gas)。其结果是，与采煤气体的收集相关的成本被最小化，以便于或使从已开采的煤层中收集采煤气体变得可行。
本发明的另一技术优点是包括提供用于在腔体中定位井下泵和其他设备的一定位装置。具体讲，一可转动的腔体定位装置被构制成可以收回以在井眼中移动该设备并可在井下腔体中延伸以将该设备最佳地定位在腔体中。这使得能够将井下设备容易地定位和固定在腔体中。
从以下的附图、描述和权利要求书中，本发明的其他技术优点对于本领域的技术人员而言将变得显而易见。
附图的简要描述
为了更完全地理解本发明及其优点，现参见以下结合附图的描述，其中相同的标号表示相同的部件，在附图中：
图1是示出按照本发明的一个实施例通过贯穿一竖直腔体井眼的一分段的地表面井眼在地下层中形成一水平排水型式的剖视图；
图2是示出按照本发明的另一实施例通过贯穿该竖直腔体井眼的该分段的地表面井眼在地下层中形成水平排水型式的剖视图；
图3是示出按照本发明的一个实施例通过一竖直井从地下层中的水平排水型式产生流体的剖视图；
图4是示出按照本发明的一个实施例用于接近地下层中的矿藏的一羽状排水型式的俯视图；
图5是示出按照本发明的另一实施例用于接近地下层中的矿藏的一羽状排水型式的俯视图；
图6是示出按照本发明的又一实施例用于接近地下层中的矿藏的一四边形的羽状排水型式的俯视图；
图7是示出按照本发明的一个实施例用于脱气和准备煤层以进行开采操作的位于诸煤层面中的对齐的诸羽状排水型式的俯视图；
图8是示出按照本发明的一个实施例用于准备煤层以进行开采操作的一方法的流程图；
图9A-C是示出按照本发明的一个实施例的一腔体井眼定位工具的剖视图
发明的详尽描述
图1示出按照本发明的一个实施例、用于从地表面接近一地下层的一个腔体和分段的井的结合。在该实施例中，该地下层是煤层。应当理解到，使用本发明的双井系统可以相似地接近其他低压、超低压和低孔隙度的地下层，以在该区域中排出以及/或产生水、碳氢化合物和其他流体并在开采操作之前处理该区域中的矿藏。
参见图1，一大致竖直的井12从地表面14延伸至目标煤层15。该大致竖直的井12穿过煤层15并在煤层15之下继续延伸。使用终止在煤层15的高度或该高度之上的合适的井筒16作为该大致竖直的井的衬里。
该大致竖直的井12在钻井的过程中或之后进行测井以精确地定位煤层15的竖直深度。其结果是，在随后的钻井操作中不会错过煤层，并且在钻井时不必采用用来定位煤层15的技术。在该大致竖直的井12中的煤层15的高度处形成一扩大直径的腔体20。如以下的更详尽的描述，该扩大直径的腔体20提供了大致竖直的井与用来在煤层15中形成大致水平的排水型式的分段的井相交的汇合处。该扩大直径的腔体20还提供了在生产操作过程中用于从煤层15中排出的流体的一收集点。
在一个实施例中，该扩大直径的腔体20具有大约八英尺的半径和等于或超过煤层15的竖直尺寸的一竖直尺寸。该扩大直径的腔体20是通过使用适当的地下铰孔(under-reaming)技术和设备来形成的。大致竖直的井12的一竖直部分在扩大直径的腔体20之下继续延伸以形成腔体20的一储液槽22。
一分段的井30从地表面14延伸至大致竖直的井12的扩大直径的腔体20。该分段的井30具有一大致竖直的部分32、一大致水平的部分34、以及互连竖直和水平部分32和34的一弯曲或呈圆角的部分36。水平部分34基本处在煤层15的水平平面中并与大致竖直的井12的扩大直径的腔体20相交。
在地表面14上，该分段的井30偏离大致竖直的井12足够的距离，以在与扩大直径的腔体20相交之前钻出以较大半径弯曲的部分36和所需的水平部分34。为了提供具有100-150英尺半径的弯曲部分36，该分段的井30偏离大致竖直的井12大约300英尺的距离。该间距使得弯曲部分36的角度最小以在钻井操作中减小井30中的摩擦。从而使铰接的钻柱通过分段的井30可达到的距离最大。
使用具有适当的井下马达和钻头42的铰接的钻柱40来钻出分段的井30。钻井时的测量(MWD)装置44包含在钻柱40中，用于控制由马达和钻头42所钻出的井的方位和方向。使用适当的井筒38作为分段的井30的大致竖直的部分32的衬里。
在扩大直径的腔体20已被分段的井30顺利贯穿之后，使用铰接的钻柱40和合适的水平钻井装置继续钻孔通过腔体20，以提供位于煤层15中的大致水平的排水型式50。该大致水平的排水型式50和其他的此类井包括煤层15或其他地下层的斜坡、波浪形部分或其他倾斜部分。在该操作过程中，γ射线测井工具和钻凿时的传统测量装置可用来控制和指引钻头的方位，以将排水型式50保持在煤层15的边界中并提供煤层15中的所需区域的基本一致的覆盖层。结合附图4-7，以下更详尽地描述了有关排水型式的其他信息。
在钻出排水型式50的过程中，钻井液或“泥浆”沿着铰接的钻柱40向下泵送并在钻头42的邻近处流出钻柱40，在此它被用来冲洗地层并移开形成的钻屑。而后钻屑混入到钻井液中，该流体通过钻柱40和井壁之间的环形空间向上行进，直到到达地表面14，在此从钻井液中去除钻屑，而后重新循环该流体。该传统的钻井操作产生了具有等于井30的深度的一竖直高度的钻井液的标准水柱并产生了对应于井深、作用在井身上的流体静压。因为煤层趋于是多孔渗水和碎裂的，即使地层中的水也处在煤层15中，它们也不能维持这样的流体静压。因此，如果允许全部的流体静压作用在煤层15上，其结果是钻井液和所携带的钻屑丧失到地层中。这样的环境被称之为“过平衡”钻井操作，其中作用在井身上的流体静压超过了地层所承受压力的能力。钻屑中的钻井液的丧失不仅在必须弥补所丧失的钻井液方面是昂贵的，而且它趋于阻塞煤层15中的孔，这些孔是需要的以排出煤层中的气体和水。
为了防止在排水型式50的形成过程中的过平衡状态，设置空气压缩机60以沿着大致竖直的井12向下循环压缩的空气并通过分段的井30返回。循环的空气将与围绕铰接的钻柱40的环形空间中的钻井液相混合并在钻井液的液柱中产生气泡。这具有减轻钻井液的流体静压和充分减小井下压力的效果，由此钻井状况不会变得过平衡。钻井液的通风使井下压力减小到大约150-200磅/平方英寸(psi)的压力。因此，可以钻凿低压的煤层和其他地下层，而不会大量丧失钻井液以及由于钻井液而造成该区域的污染。
当钻凿分段的井30时，并且如果需要，当钻凿排水型式50时，压缩空气与水相混合的泡沫也可以通过铰接的钻柱40与钻井泥浆一起向下循环，以使环形空间中的钻井液充满气体。使用气锤钻头或空气供能的井下马达也能够将压缩空气或泡沫供给到钻井液中。在该情况下，用来给钻头或井下马达供能的压缩空气或泡沫从钻头42的邻近处退出。此时，沿大致竖直的井12循环的更大量的空气比通常通过铰接的钻柱40供给的空气给钻井液充入更多的空气。
图2示出按照本发明的另一实施例用于在煤层15中钻凿排水型式50的方法和系统。在该实施例中，如同前面结合图1进行的描述一样来定位和形成大致竖直的井12、扩大直径的腔体20和分段的井30。
参见图2，在扩大直径的腔体20被分段的井30贯穿之后，泵52被安装在扩大直径的腔体20中以通过大致竖直的井12将钻井液和钻屑抽吸到地表面14。这消除了空气和流体沿分段的井30向上返回时的摩擦并将井下压力几乎减小至零。因此，可从地表面接近具有低于150psi的超低压的煤层和其他地下层。此外，还消除了使井中的空气和甲烷相混合的危险。
图3示出按照本发明的一个实施例从煤层15中的水平排水型式50来生产流体。在该实施例中，在大致竖直和分段的井12和30、以及所需的排水型式50被钻出之后，将铰接的钻柱40从分段的井30中取出，并盖上该分段的井。对于以下描述的多重羽状结构，分段的井30可在大致水平的部分34中被堵塞。另外，分段的井30也可以不被堵塞。
参见图3，一井下泵80被设置在大致竖直的井12中的扩大直径的腔体20中。该扩大的腔体20给积聚的流体提供蓄水池，从而允许间歇的抽吸，而没有由井中的积聚流体所导致的流体静压头的不利效果。
井下泵80借助于管柱82连接于地表面14并由通过管柱的井身12向下延伸的抽吸杆84供能。抽吸杆84通过适当的表面安装装置例如一动力推动的游梁86作往复运动以操作井下泵80。井下泵80被用来从煤层15中通过排水型式50除去水和所携带的煤粉。一旦水被移至地表面，对水进行处理以分离溶解在水中的甲烷并除去所携带的煤粉。在足够多的水已从煤层中被除去之后，纯净的煤层气体可通过围绕管柱82的大致竖直的井12的环形空间流动至地表面14，并通过连接于井口装置的管道系统被移送。在地表面处，处理、压缩并通过管道抽吸甲烷，以传统方式用作燃料。该井下泵80可持续运作或按照需要运作以除去从煤层15排到扩大直径的腔体20中的水。
图4-7示出按照本发明的一个实施例用于接近煤层15或其他地下层的大致水平的排水型式50。在该实施例中，该排水型式包括具有一中心对角线并带有从该对角线的每一侧延伸的大致对称设置并适当间隔开的支线的羽状样式。该羽状样式与叶脉的样式或羽毛的图案近似，它具有设置成大致相等和平行的间距或设置在一轴线的相对侧的相似的大致平行的辅助排水孔。带有中心孔和位于每一侧的大致对称设置并适当间隔开的辅助排水孔的该羽状排水型式提供了从煤层或其他地下地层排出流体的一致模式。如以下更详尽的描述，该羽状型式提供了正方形、其他四边形、或栅格区域的基本一致的覆盖范围并可与准备煤层15进行开采操作的长壁开采面对齐。应理解到，按照本发明也可以使用其他合适的排水型式。
从地表面钻凿出的该羽状和其他合适的排水型式提供了至地下地层的表面通路。该排水型式可用来一致地去除以及/或加入流体或者另外用来处理地下矿藏。在不是煤的应用中，该排水型式可用来开始地下燃烧、用于重质原油的“蒸汽吞吐”蒸汽操作、以及从低孔隙度的蓄集层中除去碳氢化合物。
图4示出按照本发明的一个实施例的一羽状排水型式100。在该实施例中，该羽状排水型式100提供了至一地下层的大致方形区域102的通路。多个羽状型式50可一起使用以提供至较大地下层的一致通路。
参见图4，扩大直径的腔体20界定了区域102的第一角部。羽状型式100具有沿对角延伸通过区域102至区域102的远角106的一大致水平的主井眼104。较佳地，大致竖直和分段的井12和30定位在区域102之上，以致对角的井眼104被钻凿在煤层15的斜坡上。这便于从区域102收集水和气体。对角的井眼104是使用铰接的钻柱40钻凿出的并从与分段的井30对齐的扩大的腔体20处延伸。
多个边侧井眼110从对角井眼104的相对侧延伸至区域102的周边112。诸边侧井眼110可以是对角井眼104的相对侧上的彼此的镜像，或者沿着对角井眼104彼此相对偏离。每个边侧井眼110具有离开对角井眼104的一半径弯曲部分114和弯曲部分114已到达所需位置之后形成的一延长部分116。为了一致地覆盖方形区域102，成对的边侧井眼110大致均匀地分布在对角井眼104的每一侧上并以大约45度的角度从对角线104延伸。边侧井眼110随着逐渐远离扩大直径的腔体20缩短其长度以便于钻凿边侧井眼110。
使用单个对角井眼104和五对边侧井眼110的羽状排水型式100可对大约150英亩的煤层区域进行排水。在较小的区域需要排水的情况下，或者在煤层具有不同的形状，例如细长的狭窄形状或者由于地表面或地下的地形，通过改变边侧井眼110相对对角井眼104的角度以及边侧井眼110的方位，可以应用其他的羽状排水型式。另外，可以仅在对角井眼104的一侧钻凿边侧井眼110以形成半个羽状型式。
通过使用铰接的钻柱40和合适的水平钻井装置钻凿通过扩大直径的腔体20来形成对角井眼104和边侧井眼110。在该操作过程中，γ射线测井工具和钻凿时的传统测量技术可用来控制钻头的方向和方位以将排水型式保持在煤层15的边界中并保持对角和边侧井眼104和110的适当间距和方位。
在具体的实施例中，对角井眼104在各个边侧造斜点108处被钻凿出一斜面。在完成对角井眼104之后，铰接的钻柱返回至连续的每个边侧造斜点108，在对角井眼104的每个边侧上钻凿边侧井眼110。应理解到，按照本发明也可以另外的方式适当地形成羽状排水型式100。
图5示出按照本发明的另一实施例的一羽状排水型式120。在该实施例中，羽状排水型式120对煤层15的大致矩形区域122进行排水。羽状排水型式120具有如同关于图4所示的对角和边侧井眼104和110所述的那样形成的一主对角井眼124和多个边侧井眼126。然而，对于大致矩形的区域122，位于对角井眼124的第一侧上的边侧井眼126具有一较小的角度，而位于对角井眼124的相对侧上的边侧井眼126具有一陡峭的角度，以一起提供区域12的一致覆盖范围。
图6示出按照本发明的另一实施例的一四边形的羽状排水型式140。该四边形的排水型式140具有四个不连续的羽状排水型式100，每个排水型式100对羽状排水型式140所覆盖的区域142的四分之一部分进行排水。
每个羽状排水型式100具有一对角井眼104和从对角井眼104延伸的多个边侧井眼110。在该四边形的实施例中，每一对角和边侧井眼104和110是从共同的分段的井141钻凿出的。这允许地表面生产设备的较紧密的间距、排水型式的更广的覆盖范围、以及减少钻井设备和操作。
图7示出按照本发明的一个实施例用于煤层的脱气和准备以进行开采操作的羽状排水型式100与煤层的地下结构的对齐。在该实施例中，使用长壁工艺开采煤层15。应理解到，对于其他类型的开采操作，本发明也可用来使煤层脱气。
参见图7，煤层面150从长壁152沿纵向延伸。按照长壁开采的实践，每个面150从远端向着长壁152被连续开采，在开采过程之后，开采的顶部允许下陷和断裂成开口。在开采面150之前，羽状排水型式100从表面钻凿到面150中，以在开采操作之前使煤层面150脱气。每个羽状排水型式100与长壁152和面150的格子对齐并覆盖一个或多个面150的部分。以此方式，依据地下结构和限制，可从地表面使矿藏的一个区域脱气。
图8是按照本发明的一个实施例准备煤层15以进行开采操作的一方法的流程图。在该实施例中，该方法以步骤160开始，在此确定需要排水的区域和用于诸区域的排水型式50。较佳地，诸区域与用于该地层的开采平面的格子对齐。羽状结构100，120和140可用来提供该地层的最优的覆盖范围。应理解到，其他合适的型式也可用来使煤层15脱气。
进行步骤162，从地表面14穿过煤层15来钻凿大致竖直的井12。下一步，在步骤164，利用井下测井装置来精确地确定大致竖直的井12中的煤层的位置。在步骤164，扩大直径的腔体22形成在大致竖直的井12中、煤层15的位置处。如前面的讨论，扩大直径的腔体20可通过地下铰孔和其他传统技术来形成。
下一步，在步骤166，钻凿分段的井30以贯穿扩大直径的腔体22。在步骤168，用于羽状排水型式100的主对角井眼104被钻凿穿过分段的井30而进入到煤层15中。在形成主对角井眼104之后，在步骤170钻凿用于羽状排水型式100的边侧井眼110。如前面的描述，边侧造斜点在其成型过程中形成在对角井眼104中以便于钻凿边侧井眼110。
在步骤172，分段的井30被盖住。下一步，在步骤174，扩大的对角腔体22在准备中被清空以安装井下生产设备。扩大直径的腔体22可通过沿大致竖直的井12向下泵送的压缩空气或其他适当的技术被清空。在步骤176，生产设备被安装在大致竖直的井12中。该生产设备具有向下延伸进入到腔体22中以从煤层15中除去水的一杆式泵。水的去除将降低煤层的压力并允许甲烷气体扩散并形成在大致竖直井12的环形空间中。
进行步骤178，从排水型式100排入到腔体22中的水通过杆式抽吸单元被抽吸到地表面面上。按照需要，持续地或间歇地抽吸水以从腔体22中将它移送走。在步骤180，从煤层15中扩散出的甲烷气体在地表面14被持续地收集。下一步，在判断性步骤182，确定来自煤层15的气体的产生是否完成。在一个实施例中，在收集气体的成本超过井所产生的收益之后，气体的产生是完成的。在另一实施例中，气体可以从井中连续地产生，直到煤层15中保留的气体程度低于开采操作所需的程度。如果气体的产生未完成，判断性步骤182的否分支返回至步骤178和180，在此继续从煤层15中除去水和气体。直到生产完成，判断性步骤182的是分支引导至步骤184，在该步骤移开生产设备。
下一步，在判断性步骤186，确定为了开采操作是否需要进一步准备煤层15。如果煤层15需要进一步准备以进行开采操作，判断性步骤186的是分支将引导至步骤188，在该步骤，为了使灰尘最小化，水和其他附加物被注入到煤层15中以再水合煤层，以改进开采效率，并改进开采出的产品。
步骤188和步骤186的否分支将引导至步骤190，在该步骤开采煤层15。在开采过程之后，从煤层中移开煤致使开采的顶部下陷和断裂成开口。坍塌的顶部产生通过大致竖直的井12在步骤192被收集的采煤气体。因此，不需要其他的钻井操作以从开采的煤层中回收采煤气体。步骤192引导至该过程的结束，通过该过程从地表面有效地使煤层脱气。该方法提供了与开采的一协同关系以在开采之前除去不想要的气体并在开采过程之前再水合煤矿。
图9A至9C是示出按照本发明的一个实施例配置井内腔体泵200的视图。参见图9A，井内腔体泵200包括一井眼部分202和一腔体定位装置204。井眼部分202包括用于将容纳在腔体20中的井内流体汲取和传送至竖直井12的表面的一入口206。
在该实施例中，腔体定位装置204可转动地连接在井眼部分202上以提供腔体定位装置204相对井眼部分202的转动运动。例如，一销钉、轴或其他适当的方法或装置(未明确示出)可用来将腔体定位装置204可转动地连接在井眼部分202上，以提供腔体定位装置204相对井眼部分202围绕轴线208的转动运动。因此，腔体定位装置204可在其一端210和一端212之间连接在井眼部分202上，以致相对井眼部分202能够可转动地操纵端部210和212。
腔体定位装置204还包括一均衡部分214以在未支承的状态下控制端部210和212相对井眼部分202的位置。例如，腔体定位装置204相对井眼部分202围绕轴线208伸出悬臂。均衡部分214沿腔体定位装置204设置在轴线218和端部210之间，由此在井内腔体泵200相对竖直井12和腔体20的配置和收回过程中，均衡部分204的重量或质量均衡腔体定位装置204。
在操作中，腔体定位装置204被设置到竖直井12中，其端部210和均衡部分214被定位在大致缩回状态，由此将端部210和均衡部分214设置成靠近井眼部分202。当井内腔体泵200沿箭头216所示的方向在竖直井12中向下行进时，腔体定位装置204的长度将防止自身相对井眼部分202的转动运动。例如，当井内腔体泵200在竖直井12中向下行进时，均衡部分214的质量致使均衡部分214和端部212通过与竖直井12的竖直壁218的接触而被支承住。
参见图9B，当井内腔体泵200在竖直井12中向下行进时，在腔体定位装置204从竖直井12移动至腔体20时，均衡部分214导致腔体定位装置204相对井眼部分202的转动运动。例如，当腔体定位装置204从竖直井12移动至腔体20中时，均衡部分214和端部212变得不再被竖直井12的竖直壁218支承。当均衡部分214和端部212变得不被支承时，均衡部分214自动地导致腔体定位装置204相对井眼部分202的转动运动。例如，均衡部分214通常致使端部210转动或相对竖直井12沿箭头220所指的方向向外延伸。此外，腔体定位装置204的端部212相对竖直井12沿箭头222所指的方向向外延伸或转动。
腔体定位装置204的长度被构制成当其从竖直井12转移到腔体20中时，使其端部210和212变得不再被竖直井12支承，由此允许均衡部分214使端部212相对井眼部分202向外并在储液槽22的环面部分224之上作转动运动。因此，在操作中，当腔体定位装置204从竖直井12转移到腔体20中时，均衡部分214使端部212沿箭头222所指的方向向外转动或延伸，由此井内腔体泵200的继续的向下行进将引起端部212与腔体20的水平壁226的接触。
参见图9C，当井内腔体泵200继续向下行进时，端部212与腔体20的水平壁226的接触致使腔体定位装置204相对井眼部分202的进一步的转动。例如，端部212和水平壁226之间的接触以及井内腔体泵200的向下行进致使端部210沿箭头228所指的方向相对竖直井12向外延伸或转动，直到均衡部分214接触腔体20的水平壁230。一旦腔体定位装置204的均衡部分214和端部212变得被腔体20的水平壁226和230支承住，井内腔体泵200的继续的向下行进被阻止，由此将入口206定位在腔体20中的预定位置。
因此，入口206可沿着井眼部分202定位在各个位置，以致腔体定位装置204在腔体20中降至最低点时，入口206被设置在腔体20中的预定位置。因此，入口206可精确地定位在腔体20中以基本防止吸入储液槽或鼠洞22中的岩屑或其他材料并防止由于入口206放置在狭窄的井眼中所造成的气体干扰。此外，入口206可定位在腔体20中以使从腔体20中收回的流体最大化。
在逆向的操作中，井内腔体泵200的向上行进致使释放均衡部分214和端部212分别与水平部分230和226之间的接触。当腔体定位装置204变得不再被支承在腔体20中时，设置在端部212和轴线208之间的腔体定位装置204的质量将致使腔体定位装置204沿与图9B示出的箭头220和222所指的方向相反的方向转动。此外，均衡部分214与设置在端部212和轴线208之间的腔体定位装置204的质量相协作以大致对齐腔体定位装置204和竖直壁12。因此，当从腔体20中收回井内腔体泵200时，腔体定位装置204自动地变得与竖直井12对齐。而后井内腔体泵200的进一步的向上行进可用来从腔体20和竖直井12中取出腔体定位装置204。
因此，通过将井内腔体泵200的入口206确定地定位在腔体20中的预定位置，本发明比现有的系统和方法提供了更强的可靠性。此外，可有效地从腔体20中取出井内腔体泵200，而不需要其他解锁或对齐工具以便于从腔体20和竖直井12中收回井内腔体泵200。
尽管已通过几个实施例描述了本发明，但本领域中的技术人员可进行各种变化和改型。本发明涵盖了处于所附权利要求书的范围内的此类变化和改型。
Claims (35)
1.一种用于地表面生产来自煤层的气体的方法，包括：
形成一井眼；
形成贯穿所述井眼的一大致水平井眼，所述大致水平井眼位于所述煤层中，并可操作以便将水和气体从所述煤层引导至水平偏离所述井眼的一井眼汇合处；
将水和气体从煤层通过所述大致水平井眼引导至所述井眼汇合处，所述井眼汇合处与至少局部位于所述大致水平井眼下方的一井眼的一部分相连；
在流体收集区域中收集来自所述大致水平井眼的水，用于生产至地表面；
将来自所述井眼汇合处的水泵送至所述地表面；以及
将来自所述井眼汇合处的气体生产至所述地表面。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括钻凿所述大致水平井眼使其贯穿一延伸至所述地表面且具有一辐射部分的井眼。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括欠平衡地钻凿所述大致水平井眼。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括利用泡沫欠平衡地钻凿所述大致水平井眼。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在所述煤层中的一斜坡上钻凿所述大致水平井眼。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
将来自从所述大致水平井眼延伸的多个边侧井眼的水和气体引导至所述井眼汇合处；以及
在所述井眼汇合处收集来自所述大致水平井眼和所述多个边侧井眼的水，用于生产至所述地表面。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括欠平衡地钻凿所述大致水平井眼和所述多个边侧井眼。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括利用泡沫欠平衡地钻凿所述大致水平井眼和所述多个边侧井眼。
9.一种用于从地表面接近煤层的方法，包括：
钻凿从所述地表面至所述煤层的一大致竖直井眼；
钻凿从所述地表面至所述煤层的一分段的井眼，所述分段的井眼在所述地表面水平偏离所述大致竖直井眼，并在接近所述煤层的一汇合处贯穿所述大致竖直井眼；
钻凿所述分段的井眼使其以一种水平井眼型式通入到所述煤层中；以及
欠平衡地钻凿所述井眼型式。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述井眼型式包括一主水平井眼和从所述主水平井眼延伸的多个边侧井眼。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述井眼型式包括一种羽状型式。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述煤层包括低渗透煤。
13.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括位于所述汇合处的一扩大的腔体。
14.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在地表面处偏离300英尺的所述大致竖直井眼和所述分段的井眼。
15.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在钻凿所述水平竖直井眼之后钻凿分段的井眼。
16.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括将一泵安装在所述汇合处中，以便将从所述煤层收集的水通过所述大致竖直井眼泵送至所述地表面。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括通过所述大致竖直井眼从所述煤层生产气体。
18.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括通过所述大致竖直井眼从位于所述型式的区域中的煤层生产大约75％的气体。
19.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括将一抽吸杆式泵安装在所述汇合处，以便将从所述煤层收集的水通过所述大致竖直井眼泵送至所述地表面。
20.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在钻凿所述井眼型式的过程中通过将气体沿着所述大致竖直井眼向下泵送来欠平衡地钻凿所述井眼型式。
21.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在钻凿所述井眼型式的过程中通过将钻取的流体沿着所述大致竖直井眼向上泵送来欠平衡地钻凿所述井眼型式。
22.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括通过使压缩空气循环以及使该空气与所述钻取流体混合而降低由所述钻取流体施加的井下压力来进行欠平衡地钻凿。
23.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括将井下压力降低至接近于零。
24.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括将井下压力降低至大约每平方英寸150-200磅。
25.一种用于地表面生产来自煤层的气体的系统，包括：
从所述地表面延伸至煤层的一分段的井眼；
与所述分段的井眼相连的一大致水平井眼；
与所述大致水平井眼相连的多个边侧井眼，所述大致水平井眼和多个边侧井眼可操作以便将来自所述煤层的流体引导至一井眼汇合处；
所述井眼汇合处与至少局部位于所述大致水平井眼下方的一流体收集区域相连，所述流体收集区域可操作以便收集来自所述大致水平井眼的流体，用于生产至所述地表面；以及
其中气体可从所述煤层生产至所述地表面。
26.如权利要求25所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括与所述大致水平井眼相连的四个或更多个边侧井眼。
27.如权利要求25所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括从所述地表面延伸至所述煤层的一竖直井眼，所述竖直井眼在所述汇合处处截取所述分段的井眼。
28.如权利要求25所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括从所述大致水平井眼延伸的多个边侧井眼。
29.如权利要求25所述的系统，其特征在于，所述煤层是低渗透煤层。
30.如权利要求25所述的系统，其特征在于，所述大致水平井眼和多个边侧井眼呈现一种半羽状型式。
31.一种用于地表面生产来自煤层的气体的方法，包括：
钻凿从所述地表面延伸至煤层的一分段的井眼；
欠平衡地钻凿与所述分段的井眼相连的一大致水平井眼；
欠平衡地钻凿与所述大致水平井眼相连的多个边侧井眼；
将来自所述煤层的流体通过所述大致水平井眼和多个边侧井眼引导至一井眼汇合处，所述井眼汇合处与至少局部位于所述大致水平井眼下方的一流体收集区域相连；
在所述流体收集区域收集来自所述大致水平井眼和多个边侧井眼的流体，用于生产至所述地表面；以及
将气体从所述煤层生产至所述地表面。
32.如权利要求31所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括钻凿与所述大致水平井眼相连的四个或更多个边侧井眼。
33.如权利要求31所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括钻凿从所述地表面延伸至所述煤层的一竖直井眼，所述竖直井眼在所述汇合处处截取所述分段的井眼。
34.如权利要求31所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括钻凿从所述大致水平井眼延伸的多个边侧井眼。
35.如权利要求31所述的系统，其特征在于，所述煤层是低渗透煤层。
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101936142A (zh) * | 2010-08-05 | 2011-01-05 | 北京奥瑞安能源技术开发有限公司 | 用于煤层气的充气欠平衡钻井方法 |
| CN101936142B (zh) * | 2010-08-05 | 2012-11-28 | 北京奥瑞安能源技术开发有限公司 | 用于煤层气的充气欠平衡钻井方法 |
| CN102518411A (zh) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-06-27 | 郑州大学 | 一种对接井水力冲刷卸压开采煤层气方法 |
| CN103711473A (zh) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-09 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | 双循环接力式煤层复合井眼钻完井方法 |
| CN103711473B (zh) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-01-20 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | 双循环接力式煤层复合井眼钻完井方法 |
| CN103993827A (zh) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-08-20 | 北京奥瑞安能源技术开发有限公司 | 用于煤层气的欠平衡钻井方法及系统 |
| CN103993827B (zh) * | 2014-06-12 | 2016-07-06 | 北京奥瑞安能源技术开发有限公司 | 用于煤层气的欠平衡钻井方法及系统 |
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