CN101356858B - Led照明系统 - Google Patents

Led照明系统 Download PDF

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CN101356858B
CN101356858B CN2007800014271A CN200780001427A CN101356858B CN 101356858 B CN101356858 B CN 101356858B CN 2007800014271 A CN2007800014271 A CN 2007800014271A CN 200780001427 A CN200780001427 A CN 200780001427A CN 101356858 B CN101356858 B CN 101356858B
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led
light trough
illuminator
led array
led illuminator
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CN101356858A (zh
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善新新
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LED Smart Inc
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LED Smart Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/2611—Indicating devices mounted on the roof of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/40—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors specially adapted for specific vehicle types
    • B60Q3/41—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors specially adapted for specific vehicle types for mass transit vehicles, e.g. buses
    • B60Q3/43—General lighting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/70—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by the purpose
    • B60Q3/78—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by the purpose for generating luminous strips, e.g. for marking trim component edges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S4/00—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources
    • F21S4/20—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources with light sources held by or within elongate supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/10—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source
    • F21S43/13—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S43/14—Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/10—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source
    • F21S43/13—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S43/15—Strips of light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/10—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source
    • F21S43/19—Attachment of light sources or lamp holders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
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    • F21S43/10—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source
    • F21S43/19—Attachment of light sources or lamp holders
    • F21S43/195—Details of lamp holders, terminals or connectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/50—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by aesthetic components not otherwise provided for, e.g. decorative trim, partition walls or covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
    • F21V17/10—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening
    • F21V17/104—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening using feather joints, e.g. tongues and grooves, with or without friction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/003—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being electronics drivers or controllers for operating the light source, e.g. for a LED array
    • F21V23/004—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being electronics drivers or controllers for operating the light source, e.g. for a LED array arranged on a substrate, e.g. a printed circuit board
    • F21V23/005—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being electronics drivers or controllers for operating the light source, e.g. for a LED array arranged on a substrate, e.g. a printed circuit board the substrate is supporting also the light source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/04—Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/345—Current stabilisation; Maintaining constant current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/357—Driver circuits specially adapted for retrofit LED light sources
    • H05B45/3578—Emulating the electrical or functional characteristics of discharge lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
    • H05B45/56—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits involving measures to prevent abnormal temperature of the LEDs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
    • B64D2011/0038—Illumination systems for cabins as a whole
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D2203/00—Aircraft or airfield lights using LEDs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
    • F21K9/27—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with two fittings for each light source, e.g. for substitution of fluorescent tubes
    • F21K9/278—Arrangement or mounting of circuit elements integrated in the light source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
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    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
    • F21K9/66—Details of globes or covers forming part of the light source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S45/00—Arrangements within vehicle lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, for purposes other than emission or distribution of light
    • F21S45/40—Cooling of lighting devices
    • F21S45/47—Passive cooling, e.g. using fins, thermal conductive elements or openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
    • F21V17/002—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages with provision for interchangeability, i.e. component parts being especially adapted to be replaced by another part with the same or a different function
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V27/00—Cable-stowing arrangements structurally associated with lighting devices, e.g. reels 
    • F21V27/02—Cable inlets
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    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F21V3/02—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by the shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21W2107/00—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles
    • F21W2107/10—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles for land vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21W2107/30—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles for aircraft
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    • F21Y2103/10—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes comprising a linear array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
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Abstract

本项发明提供了一个由发光二极管(LED)构成的用于汽车、飞机、船舶、标识或建筑物内部和外部照明的LED照明设备和系统。该系统由电压反馈恒流源和多个大功率发光二极管(LED)组成。印刷线路板被牢固地固定在一条连续或半连续的灯槽中，该灯槽同时也起到散热片的作用。通过这种方式，既提高了整个照明设备的可靠性，同时也为LED产生的热量提供了足够的散热能力。由于LED的工作温度被控制并保持在较低的状态下，LED的寿命和效率得到了显著的延长和提高。该发光二极管照明设备的端盖设计与传统的荧光灯完全兼容，所以，只需细微的改动该设备便可直接用来替换在各种车辆、飞机、船舶、标识、家具、各种设备和建筑物上使用的传统荧光灯。

Description

LED照明系统
背景技术
本项发明的目的是用LED照明设备部分更新和完全替代传统荧光灯管。该LED照明系统适用于包括公交车辆、火车、地铁在内的各种车辆，以及飞机、船舶、各种灯光标识、家具、各种设备和建筑物的照明。
长期以来，冷阴极灯，也就是大家所熟悉的荧光灯或荧光灯照明系统，被广泛用于汽车、飞机、建筑物、各种标识和船舶的内部照明；近年来，荧光灯也被用于汽车外部照明以及各种外部的灯光标识。但是，荧光灯的功能及使用有其局限性，其主要缺点是使用寿命短，耐久性差，易碎，更换成本高，特种灯制造成本高，颜色选择单一，电磁干扰会对其它电子设备造成不良影响。荧光灯的生产及替换下来破损的灯管内的有毒化学成分会对环境造成严重破坏。另外，安装不当或老化的荧光灯产生的闪烁会对身体有某种缺陷的人群造成严重伤害。对于经常需要更换荧光灯的使用者来说灯光颜色的不一致是经常头疼和抱怨的问题。荧光灯系统也不适用于极冷或极热的环境中。
为了解决上述荧光灯照明系统的缺点，LED已经被提出用于替代荧光灯。例如：发表于2003年6月24日的美国专利No.6,583,550和发表于2005年3月1日的美国专利No.6,860,628。这些专利中所描述的照明设备具备了LED的一些优点，但在某些方面仍有待提高。与传统荧光灯相比，LED照明设备减少了使用的灯管、电线，镇流器的数量，降低了功耗，减少了维护工作。但是，在不增加发热量的前提下，仍需要提高LED照明系统的亮度以满足在包括大型公交车、火车、地铁在内的各种车辆，以及飞机、船舶、建筑物和灯光标识上使用的需要。
发明概要
本项发明提供了一个由发光二极管(LED)构成的可用于汽车、飞机、船舶、标识或建筑物内部和外部照明的LED照明设备和系统。该系统包括一个电压反馈式恒流源电路和多个大功率发光二极管(LED)。提供恒流源的印刷线路板(PCB)被牢固地固定在一条连续或半连续的灯槽上，该灯槽同时起到散热片的作用。通过这种方式，不仅提高了整个照明设备的可靠性，同时也为LED产生的热量提供了足够的散热能力。由于LED的工作温度被控制并保持在较低的条件下，它们的寿命和发光效率得到了有效的延长和提高。该LED照明设备的端盖及接头与现有传统的荧光灯完全兼容，所以，只需微小的改动该设备便可直接用来替换在各种车辆、飞机、船舶、标识和建筑物上使用的传统荧光灯。
本文描述了LED照明系统几种不同的实现方式。例如：该设备灯槽被设计成一个具有散热功能的坚硬的插槽，插槽一端或两端的接头用来连接到电源。LED阵列沿灯槽均匀分布在插槽内，其中每一个LED的功率均大于0.1瓦。在某些实现方式中，电源通过一个受控恒流源电路来提供，它可以被固定在灯槽上的插槽内。该电路可对每组LED上的电流进行控制。这种电流控制方式可以对通过LED阵列的正向电流进行精细有效的控制以达到控制亮度和热量的目的。本文公布了可实现360度角照明的LED照明设备。该设备由多个覆盖不同角度和照明区域的发光二极管(LED)构成。本文同时也公布了不同的LED供电电路、各种结构和形状的灯槽、灯罩和总体结构。
附图说明
以下是该LED照明系统不同实现方式的插图和简要描述，插图只起到说明的作用，数字用来表示所代表的元件。
图1：单针LED照明设备的内视剖面图；
图2：双针LED照明设备的内视剖面图；
图3：使用铆钉或螺丝钉永久性固定安装的单针或双针LED照明系统内剖视图；
图4：单针盖LED照明系统侧视图；
图5：内藏式双针LED照明系统侧视图；
图6：双针LED照明系统侧视图；
图7：单针LED照明系统顶视图，其中一端是剖视图以示其内部结构；
图8：带灯罩的单针LED照明系统顶视图；
图9：内藏式双针LED照明系统顶视图，其中一端是剖视图以示其内部结构；
图10：带灯罩的内藏式双针LED照明系统顶视图；
图11：使用双针LED照明系统顶视图，其中一端是剖视图以示其内部结构；
图12：带灯罩的双针LED照明系统顶视图；
图13：驱动单组LED的电流控制电路板示意图(1.5V~72V)；
图14：驱动多组LED的电流控制电路板结构示意图(1.5V~72V)；
图15：不带端盖的LED照明灯管立体顶视图；
图16：不带端盖的LED照明灯管立体侧视图；
图17：大客车上安装的LED照明系统；
图18：应用于出租车顶灯箱广告的LED照明系统，侧视图；
图19：应用于出租车顶灯箱广告的LED照明系统，俯视图；
图20：应用于出租车顶灯箱广告的LED照明系统，正视图；
图21：应用于出租车顶”出租”标志的LED照明系统，侧视图；
图22：应用于出租车顶”出租”标志的LED照明系统，俯视图；
图23：应用于出租车顶”出租”标志的LED照明系统，正视图；
图24：应用于飞机上的LED照明系统，机身纵向剖视图；
图25：应用于飞机上的LED照明系统，机身仰视图；
图26：应用于公共汽车上的LED照明系统，车身纵向剖视图；
图27：LED照明系统使用的各种灯罩；
图28：LED照明系统用于替换、更新传统荧光灯示意图；
图29：应用于汽车上的LED照明系统供电端顶视图；
图30：应用于汽车上的LED照明系统供电端的端视图；
图31：应用于汽车上的LED照明系统供电端的剖面正视图；
图32：应用于汽车上的LED照明系统的顶视图；
图33：应用于汽车上的LED照明系统端盖的纵向剖视图；
图34：应用于汽车上的LED照明系统带剖面正视图；
图35：驱动单组LED的高压电流控制电路示意图(73V~240V)；
图36：驱动多组LED的高压电流控制电路示意图(73V~240V)；
图37：LED照明系统在灯光标识中的应用示意图，用于替换传统荧光灯；
图38：由不同朝向的LED阵列构成的LED照明系统纵向剖视图；
图39：带有面向不同方向的LED阵列的LED照明系统立体图；
图40：可实现360度照明范围的LED照明系统(方法一)切面示意图；
图41：图40所示系统的分解示意图；
图42：可实现360度照明范围的LED照明系统(方法二)切面示意图；
图43：LED照明系统使用的末端接头切面示意图；
图44：图43所示接头透视图；
图45：图42所示系统的分解示意图；
图46~49：LED阵列在不同灯槽上的各种排布方式，切面示意图；
图50：图48所示系统的分解示意图；
图51：图46~49所示系统使用的安装支架的透视图；
图52：带有拱形灯槽的LED照明系统切面示意图；
图53：图52所示系统的分解示意图；
图54：另一种带有拱形灯槽的LED照明系统切面示意图；
图55：图54所示系统的分解示意图11；
图56：带有面向不同方向的LED阵列的LED照明系统切面示意图(2个方向)；
图57：图56所示系统的分解示意图；
图58：带有面向不同方向的LED阵列的LED照明系统切面示意图(4个方向)；
图59~65：LED照明系统使用的各种接头；
图66：360度LED照明系统切面示意图；
图67：图66所示系统的分解示意图。
具体实施方式
本文中所描述的各种特性可应用于一种或多种LED照明系统的实现方式中，但不是每一种权利要求中定义的实现方式所必需的。
如图1-3，7-12所示，LED照明系统包括多个LED 100。由一块线路板101为每个LED提供电源。该线路板被安装在灯槽102上。灯槽102由坚硬的导热材料制成，例如：铝、陶瓷或其他可用于模锻的导热材料。灯槽既可以是槽型，也可以是一整块材料。灯槽的散热功能可以由一端持续到另一端，也可以在中间断开。如果不是连续的，在散热材料之间要增加连接头。连接头材料必须足够坚硬以支撑照明系统。电路20或30用于对LED照明系统进行电流控制，它们通过铆钉或螺丝钉108被永久固定在灯槽102上(图3)。所以，线路板不会由于长时间的震动导致与灯槽的连接变得松动。灯槽102不需要粘合剂或导热材料来连接线路板。灯槽由坚硬材料制成，为整个LED照明系统提供坚强的支撑。在正常使用的情况下，可以有效防止折断或变形。灯槽102内沿可以包括一个插槽109用来安装灯罩107。灯罩107用透明或半透明材料制成。
灯槽102的一端或两端有电连接头103，105和106，用来将照明系统连接到电源。当LED照明系统10制成灯泡形状时他只在一端有电连接头；当制成灯管形状时，两端全部有点连接头。图1，图4，图7和图8显示了灯槽端盖104使用的单针型连接头105。图6，11，12显示了灯槽端盖104使用的双针型连接头106。图5，9，10显示了灯槽端盖104使用的内藏式双针型连接头106。这些连接头105，106与传统设计完全兼容。端盖104可以由任何适合材料制成，例如：塑料、LexanTM、聚碳酸酯材料、丙烯酸材料、ABS、铝、铜、黄铜、不锈钢、金属合金、金属与塑料组合物或玻璃纤维。端盖104可以被制成不同的形状和大小并且可以连接到灯槽102上的线路板101上。端盖104牢固的包围住槽型结构并且不会由于震动而损坏。端盖104也被用来固定灯罩107，118-127以防止其移动。同LED照明系统10其他部件一样，端盖104应该能承受高温环境(最高可达125度)和低温环境(最低可达-40度)。当使用LED照明系统替换传统荧光灯时，电连接头105、106与传统荧光灯的点连接头完全兼容。当LED照明系统10用于单针插座时，电连接头106只出现在灯槽102的一端。
LED阵列沿灯槽的凹槽均匀分布。为提供足够的照明强度，特别是当应用于工业或商业环境时，LED阵列中的每一个LED的额定功率应该提供所需要的照明强度，这也包括当应用于运输车辆时，照明强度应达到统一定制的标准。例如：0.1瓦的LED能够满足这些要求，当然这取决于LED将电能转换为光能的能力。LED也有可能是现在已有的或将来新出现的有机LED或其它实用的LED。
在有些LED照明系统的实现方式中，线路板101包括了LED阵列的电流控制电路。线路板被固定在灯槽102上并与电连接头103、105、106相连。所有的L E D按照串行或并列的方式分组排列，它们通过表面封装(SMT)或Through Hole(TH)的方式固定在线路板上。LED的颜色可以有多种选择，例如：白、绿、红、黄、琥珀色、紫、粉或橘黄色。
图13、14是电路的示意图，包括电流控制电路20的示例。图13，14，35，36所示电路可以被放在一块或多块线路板101上。图13是一块电路连接到传统电源208的示意图。图14是多块平行排列的电路连接到同一个传统电源208的示意图。带有电路20的线路板101可以使用玻璃纤维PCB板，金属(如：铝)PCB板，或其他适合的现在已有的或将来新出现的PCB板。线路板101可以是表面封装(SMT)或Through Hole的。线路板101应使用白色的线路板和主焊层以有效的反射LED发出的光线。线路板101应具有好的柔韧性以方便安装到不同形状的插槽和灯架上。如图13，14所示，LED阵列被分成不同的组209，例如：5个LED一组。图14所示线路板上的电流控制电路由多个电路20组成。每个电路控制LED阵列中对应的一组LED 209中的电流。
电流控制电路20用来为LED阵列209中的LED提供恒定的电流。当灯的电极安装错误时，传统设计的电极保护电路201可以起到保护作用。电流控制通过电流控制电路202来实现，这也是一种传统的设计方式。例如：电流控制电路可以使用脉冲宽度调制来控制LED中的电流。电路202根据电压传感器203的信息提供恒定的电流到LED组209中的每一个单元。电压传感器203从LED 209读取电流信息，然后反馈给电流控制电路202。例如：当使用脉冲宽度调制时，电压传感器203将LED阵列中的电流转换为电压信号并将此电压信号传给电流控制电路202。电压控制电路202根据检测到的电压与期望值的区别，通过调节脉冲宽度或频率将输出到LED的电流调节到所期望的水平。电源既可以是交流，也可以是直流。例子中显示的是直流。通过电流控制既提供了稳定的亮度，又防止了设备过热。用于电流控制的脉冲频率在200KHz到4MHz之间。这里所示应用适用于电压低于72V的情况。
图15，16显示了线路板101的构成。图15显示的是一组5个LED及电路元件201，202和203。图16显示的是LED照明系统10的侧视分解图，包括灯槽102，灯罩107和LED 100，其中LED通过焊接、化合物粘贴117等方式被固定或连接到线路板101。
图17是LED照明系统10在大型运输工具上应用的一个例子。图中显示了大客车的车身303、挡风玻璃300、车厢地板304、座位306和隔离挡板305。在绕开或拆掉镇流器之后，LED灯管可以安装在过去荧光灯使用的荧光灯插座上。图26是大客车内部的后视图，显示了乘客310、阅读平面311和地面313。图26所示环境用来测试LED照明系统能否提供足够的照明强度。图18、19和20显示了LED照明系统10在出租车400的广告灯箱401上的应用。图21，22和23显示了LED照明系统10在出租车400的“出租”标志404上的应用。图24和25显示了LED照明系统在飞机上的应用，图中包括了飞机的机身500、座位501、窗口502、座位上部行李舱503、货舱504和乘客舱地板505。
在图27A-27K中显示了各种形状的灯罩107。图28显示带有荧光灯插座的荧光灯灯架600、荧光灯603使用的镇流器602、LED灯管10、镇流器罩604和散光板605。灯罩107在LED照明系统中不是必须的，但是使用它可以保护灯管、防尘、防潮、调整光线的方向、聚焦或散射。在图28中，只有LED灯管10是新设备。图37显示使用LED灯管在不改变荧光灯插座的情况下替换灯光标识中使用的传统荧光灯。使用LED灯管不再需要镇流器。
图29-31显示了LED灯管在汽车上的应用，图中包括LED100、灯槽102、连接线路板的连线以及将线路板101固定在灯槽102上的铆钉108。连线103从垂直固定在支架116上的0型环上的圆孔穿过。支架116使用螺钉113、螺母112和垫圈111固定在灯槽上。螺钉113和螺母112也被用来将支架115固定在灯槽上。铆钉108用来将支架116的侧面固定到灯槽102的凹槽侧壁上。支架115用来将LED灯管连接到汽车上。图32-34是应用于汽车上的LED灯管非电源端示意图，与图29-31的区别是这一端不与电源相连。
图35是电流控制电路30的示意图，图36是几块电流控制线路板在电源总线之间并联的情况。图35和36显示的是电源电压高于72伏的电路，例如：120伏～240伏，既可以是交流也可以是直流。图中的例子使用的是交流电源。保险丝215用来保护电路，既可以是永久性的，也可以是可以反复安装的。双向滤波电路204用来过滤掉噪音。全波整流电路205将电源总线上的交流电流转换为直流电流。全波整流电路输出的直流电流被送到用来降低电压的稳压器207，例如：电压降低到5伏。这个降低后的电压被用作电源控制芯片210的输入电压。开关电源控制芯片210通过一个250kHz以上的经过调制的信号来控制高压开关电源驱动电路211。驱动电路211输出的开关信号驱动变压器216的主线圈从而使全波整流电路205输出的直流电压按照控制芯片210决定的转换频率和脉冲宽度进行转换。变压器216通过半波整流电路206耦合开关电压。半波整流电路也用来过滤掉从变压器216到LED阵列209的高频信号。半波整流电路控制变压器副端的电流开关频率和脉冲宽度。它还通过一个反馈电路212输出一个隔离的反馈信号到控制芯片210。驱动电路211根据电流大小来调节脉冲的频率从而保证为LED提供一个稳定的电流。变压器215将LED输入与输出隔离并且将高压(＞72伏)降低为LED阵列209所需要的低电压。通过适当控制到电路211的信号频率，控制芯片210也可以通过改变设置来改变输出到LED的平均电流从而调控照明设备的亮度。开关电源电路30可以放在每一块线路板101上，也可以放在照明设备10的一端被几块线路板共享。
开关电源电路30与LED 100集成到印刷线路板101上的各个部分，所以某一个开关电源或LED 100的损坏不会影响到整个照明设备10，照明设备上的其它线路板会照常工作。LED照明设备可以进行有极性或无极性安装，可以有各种长度。LED照明设备10使用1.5V～240V的直流或交流电源。在绕过或拆掉镇流器之后，LED照明设备兼容使用已有的荧光灯灯架。LED照明设备10可以用来更新或替换所有尺寸大于T5的荧光灯。
图38和39是LED 100安装在扁平的PCB散热片134上的LED照明系统的两个视图。LED阵列安装在扁平的PCB散热片上，面向不同的角度。每个LED阵列包括一系列LED，每个LED产生一个圆锥形的光线，所有LED一起照亮一块区域。图38和39中显示的LED阵列的照明区域互相成90度角。不同型号的产品，这个角度可能会不同。单个LED的圆锥形光线之间也可以形成不同的角度。LED照明设备可以使用更多的LED阵列，每个阵列照向不同的方向。例如：有的型号可以使用3个或更多的LED阵列形成360度的照明范围。在图38和39中，一个带有导轨的灯罩133可以顺着插槽109插到灯槽136上。如图39所示，灯槽136的两个插槽135用来安装PCB散热片134。散热片134将一部分热量传给灯槽136以帮助散热。良好的导热材料，例如铝，可以用来制作散热片134和灯槽136。
图40和41显示了一个实现了360度照明的LED照明系统，它包括带有两套插槽的灯槽137和线路板101上的两个LED阵列。它们的照明范围成180度角。两个灯罩130通过插槽109安装在灯槽137上。灯槽外侧的凹槽131用来固定一些夹子，如图51中所示的夹子115。夹子115通过钩子139固定在凹槽131中。夹子115可以通过任何适合的方式固定在灯槽137上。
图42和45显示了一个与图66近似的可以360度照明的LED照明系统，但不包括灯罩129和锁定装置128，取而代之的是用一个圆筒形的灯罩127将所有的元件固定在一起。
图43和44显示的是LED照明系统使用的双针型电连接头，电连接头的两根针106固定在端盖上的槽132内的插槽116上。这个插头可以用在空心(或部分空心)的灯槽上。如图42、25、66和67所示，突出部分116可以插入到空心的灯槽140或147中。
图46-50显示了各种不同布局的LED阵列是如何安装在灯槽141上的。在这些图中，灯槽141形状固定，它可以沿插槽109安装一个或两个半圆形的灯罩133。固定用夹子131安装在灯槽141的外侧。在每个灯槽141上有两道成夹角的插槽135，这些灯槽可以安装1个(图46)、2个(图47)、3个(图48)或4个(图49)线路板，LED 100阵列成直线安装在线路板上。这些线路板可以直接固定在灯槽141或扁平散热片134上。使用这种方法，不同的应用可以使用指向不同方向和数量的LED阵列。
图52-55显示了使用半圆形灯槽142和144的LED照明系统。半圆形灯罩143沿插槽109安装在灯槽142和144上。如图52所示，LED阵列100安装在线路板101上，线路板沿插槽135安装在灯槽的正面，在灯槽背面，电源30可以通过适当的方式固定在灯槽142和144的拱形部分。在图54中，虽然两块线路板的照明区域都与灯槽的延伸方向互相垂直，两块线路板101上的LED有着不同的照明方向。。照明区域的方向与LED 100的发光面方向垂直。图52-55中的LED照明系统使用图59-61所示端盖连接到灯架上。
图56-57显示了带有不同照明方向的LED照明系统的另一种实现方式。在这种方式中，固定用的夹子可以安装在灯槽145的凹槽131上。图58是一个实现了360度照明范围的LED照明系统，它使用了4组互成夹角的LED阵列和半圆形灯罩133并使用夹子进行固定。
图62-65显示LED照明系统使用的几种末端电连接头的设计方式，它包括灯槽102、端盖104、单针电连接头105和端盖罩132。
图66和67是实现了360度照明范围的LED照明系统的一种实现方式。这种方式包括4组LED阵列和2个空心的灯槽147，每组LED阵列被安装到其中一个灯槽上。在本例中，灯槽147包括4套插槽，每套插槽用来固定装有LED的线路板。灯罩129沿灯槽固定。在灯罩上与LED对应的位置留有开孔，LED从开孔处探出。圆筒形灯罩127包围着整个灯槽。两条灯槽147通过锁定装置128固定在一起。
在不违反本文中的专利声明的情况下，本文中描述的LED系统的实现方式可能会进行一些细微的修改。

Claims (16)

1.一种LED照明系统，包括：
横跨在第一末端和第二末端之间的灯槽；
其灯槽由坚硬的导热材料制成，为LED提供良好的散热作用；
至少在该灯槽的该第一末端一端有连接到电源的电连接头；
至少有一个LED阵列沿该灯槽分布；
用于该至少一个LED阵列的电源控制电路，该电源控制电路安装在该灯槽上并且与该电连接头相连；
其中电源控制电路用来控制LED阵列中的电流；
其中至少一个LED阵列由包含对应的电源控制电路的线路板提供支持；
其中至少一个LED阵列中的每一个LED的功率大于0.1瓦特；
至少第一个LED阵列被分成LED组；
电源控制电路由多个电流控制器组成，每个电流控制器与LED阵列中的一个LED组相对应并控制其中的电流；
电源控制电路安装在灯槽内部。
2.权利要求1中所述LED照明系统进一步包括：
灯槽在第一方向上延伸；
至少一个LED阵列的第一照明区域与第一方向垂直；
至少还有一个LED阵列安装在该灯槽上，该LED阵列形成的第二照明区域与第一方向垂直，该第二照明区域与该第一照明区域互成夹角。
3.根据权利要求2所述的LED照明系统，第一照明区域与第二照明区域成180度夹角。
4.权利要求1-3中所述任一LED照明系统进一步包括：
灯槽在第一方向上延伸；
安装在该灯槽上的多个LED阵列，其中这些LED阵列在该灯槽周围一定距离内围绕该灯槽形成360度的照明区域。
5.根据权利要求1-3所述任一LED照明系统，其中灯槽包括两面，正面带有至少一个LED阵列，背面带有电源控制线路板。
6.根据权利要求1-3所述任一LED照明系统，其中灯槽的第二末端安装有电连接头。
7.根据权利要求6所述的LED照明系统，其灯槽的第一末端和第二末端的电连接头与荧光灯插座兼容。
8.根据权利要求7所述的LED照明系统，其中线路板上的电流控制电路为LED阵列中的LED提供一个恒定的电流。
9.根据权利要求1-3所述的任一LED照明系统，其中的灯槽是由一块完整的坚硬的导热材料制成。
10.权利要求1-3所述的任一LED照明系统，其中还进一步包括一个固定在灯槽上的透明或半透明的灯罩，该灯罩至少罩住一个LED阵列。
11.根据权利要求1-3所述的任一LED照明系统，其灯槽是中空的。
12.根据权利要求1-3所述的任一LED照明系统，其灯槽的正面包括至少一个LED阵列，灯槽的背面采用拱形结构。
13.根据权利要求10所述的LED照明系统，其灯槽与透明的灯罩组合在一起后切面形状为鸡蛋型。
14.安装在交通工具上，使用了多个权利要求1-13中的LED照明系统的照明系统。
15.权利要求14中的照明系统，权利要求14中描述的交通工具包括飞机、船舶和汽车。
16.安装在建筑物或灯光标识上，使用了多个权利要求1-13中的LED照明系统的照明系统。
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