CN101384212A - 通过上皮内腔器官束扫描对上皮内腔器官进行光学成像的方法和系统 - Google Patents

通过上皮内腔器官束扫描对上皮内腔器官进行光学成像的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN101384212A
CN101384212A CNA2007800059499A CN200780005949A CN101384212A CN 101384212 A CN101384212 A CN 101384212A CN A2007800059499 A CNA2007800059499 A CN A2007800059499A CN 200780005949 A CN200780005949 A CN 200780005949A CN 101384212 A CN101384212 A CN 101384212A
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吉列尔莫·J·蒂尔尼
米伦·希什科夫
布雷特·E·鲍马
本杰明·J·瓦科奇
诺曼·S·尼希奥卡
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
    • A61B5/0084—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0062—Arrangements for scanning
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0062—Arrangements for scanning
    • A61B5/0066—Optical coherence imaging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0062—Arrangements for scanning
    • A61B5/0068—Confocal scanning
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/6852—Catheters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7271—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0012—Biomedical image inspection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0247—Pressure sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10056—Microscopic image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10072—Tomographic images
    • G06T2207/10101—Optical tomography; Optical coherence tomography [OCT]

Abstract

提供用于针对至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的至少一个部分获得数据的装置、设备、系统和系统。所述装置、系统或者设备可以经由患者的口腔或者鼻腔中的至少一个而插入。例如，第一光学装置可以被配置用以向所述部分发送和从所述部分接收至少一个电磁(例如可见的)辐射。可以提供至少部分地封装第一装置的第二装置。另外，第三装置可以被配置用以被激励，以便将第一装置定位于内腔或者中空样本内的预定位置。第一装置可以被配置用以补偿由第二装置和/或第三装置导致的至少一种像差(例如散光)。第二装置可以包括使引导装置能够通过其插入的至少一个部分。可以提供另一装置，所述另一装置被配置用以测量至少一个部分内的压力。所述数据可以包括第一装置相对于内腔或者中空样本的位置和/或取向。

Description

通过上皮内腔器官束扫描对上皮内腔器官进行光学成像的方法和系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是基于2006年1月19日提交的序列号为60/761,004的美国专利申请并且要求该美国专利申请的优先权，该美国专利申请的全部公开内容通过引用结合于此。
关于联邦赞助研究的声明
本发明是按照国家健康协会授予的第RO1CA103769号合同，在美国政府的支持下完成的。因此，美国政府享有本发明的某些权利。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于光学成像的方法和系统，更具体地，涉及通过上皮内腔器官束扫描对上皮内腔器官进行光学成像的方法和系统。
背景技术
疾病筛查是用来使未知是否患有一种或者多种可能疾病的人经过测试以确定这个人是否患有任何这样的疾病的过程。筛查常常是对大量人口进行的，因此有可能价格低廉并且创伤程度最小。对患有特定疾病的患者的监测是针对患有该疾病的人进行的、用以确定这种疾病的严重性(例如在已知癌前情况下患者的异型增生程度)的测试。对于诸如肠胃道、尿道、胰胆系统、妇科系统、口咽、肺系统的疾病等上皮内腔器官系统的疾病(例如异型增生、癌等)的有效筛查和监测利用了对黏膜的实体部分的综合评价。已经表明包括时域光学相干断层扫描(“OCT”)、谱域光学相干断层扫描(“SD-OCT”)、光频域成像(“OFDI”)、拉曼光谱、反射光谱、共焦显微镜、光散射光谱等技术的某些束扫描光学技术提供了对包括异型增生和早期癌症的黏膜疾病的诊断有用的关键信息。然而，这些技术被认为是通常能够一次仅在一个位置获得图像数据的点扫描方法。为了综合筛查大型内腔器官，可以使聚焦束在感兴趣的器官区上、例如在大的区域上进行快速扫描，同时获得光学测量结果。能够执行该束扫描功能的导管、探头和装置因此通常用于这些和其它光学技术的适当应用，以便筛查大的黏膜区。
上述筛查也应当价格低廉以便允许测试大量人口。为了减少筛查成本，提供能够在独立成像模式下操作的装置或者系统可能是优选的。可以在未服镇静剂的患者中进行这样的独立成像，这相对于视频内窥镜检查而言显著地降低了过程的成本和并发症率。为了监测，可以利用综合成像过程来针对包含最严重疾病的位置进行活组织检查。由于成像和干预都可能在同一成像期间发生，所以应当在短时间内完成对大容量数据集的综合成像和分析。
当利用扫描聚焦光对内腔器官进行综合成像时，存在某些挑战。聚焦光斑通常在从探头到组织表面的某一距离范围内保持对焦。对于某些器官成像系统，这一焦距(例如这种焦距的一种度量是瑞利范围)显著地小于内腔器官的直径。结果，通常通过使成像探头的远端/聚焦光学器件在器官内腔内居中，使得束在整个综合扫描过程中保持对焦，来完成筛查内腔器官黏膜。已经针对食道的OCT成像描述了利用定心气囊(centeringballoon)的常规系统(参见G.Teamey的＂Improving Screening andSurveillance in Barrett’s Patents＂，NIH Grant No.R01-CA103769和Boppart等人的＂Optical Coherence Tomography:Advanced Technologyfor the Endoscopic Imaging of Barrett’s Esophagus＂，Endoscopy 2000；32(12)，pp.921-930)。
已知现有技术的临床研究可能仅从离散的食道位置采集图像。在这样的常规装置的使用中使用内窥镜引导装置来识别沿着食道壁的感兴趣区并且将成像探头引向这些位置。应当考虑所述装置中用以提供聚焦束的高分辨率扫描的某些部件。对于每个器官系统，某种导管/探头类型和进入患者的方式可能是创伤较小的手术所希望的。不同的定心机构是可能的，而设计专门针对解剖学的。束扫描探头光学器件应当在进行成像之前无需昂贵的或者复杂的干预即可被定位到感兴趣区。束聚焦机构应当包含用于校正由探头套/定心机构导致的像差的装置。为了获得器官的准确的大面积二维和三维图像，针对每个数据采集点，应当精确地知道束的位置。
因而需要克服这里所述的不足。
发明内容
为了解决和/或克服上述问题和/或不足，可以提供用于通过上皮内腔器官束扫描对上皮内腔器官进行光学成像的装置和过程的示例实施例。所述装置和过程的这些示例实施例可以利用探头和/或探头的可用(disposable)部分或者可以利用以下元件和/或部件的另一器件，以便通过束扫描对上皮内腔器官进行光学成像。具体而言，这些示例实施例可以利用一个或者多个光波导、一个或者多个在远端聚焦束的光学器件、一个或者多个在远端重定向束的光学器件、一个或者多个在远端校正光学像差的光学器件、一个或者多个用于使束在内腔器官表面上进行扫描的装置、定心机构以及导线设备。
因此，根据本发明的一个示例实施例，提供用于针对至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的至少一个部分获得数据的装置、设备、系统和系统。所述装置、系统或者设备可以经由患者的口腔或者鼻腔中的至少一个而插入。例如，第一光学装置可以被配置用以向所述部分发送和从所述部分接收至少一个电磁(例如可见)辐射。可以提供至少部分地封装第一装置的第二装置。另外，第三装置可以被配置用以被激励，以便将第一装置定位于内腔或者中空样本内的预定位置。第一装置可以被配置用以补偿由第二装置和/或第三装置导致的至少一种像差(例如散光)。第二装置可以包括使引导装置能够通过其插入的至少一个部分。
根据本发明的另一示例实施例，可以提供被配置用以测量所述至少一个部分内的压力的另一装置。所述数据可以包括第一装置相对于内腔或者中空样本的位置和/或取向。所述另一装置可以包括扫描装置，所述另一装置通过在至少一个样本的至少一次扫描过程中对从扫描装置获得的编码器信号的数字计数来检测位置和旋转角。可以提供附加装置，所述附加装置被配置用以接收所述位置和旋转角，并且利用所述位置和旋转角来生成与所述部分相关联的至少一个图像。所述附加装置还可以被配置用以校正至少一个图像的至少一种空间失真。
在本发明的另一示例实施例中，可以提供处理装置，所述处理装置能够被控制用以在第一装置相对于样本的至少两次轴向平移过程中接收样本的多个图像。可以按旋转角提供每次轴向平移。所述数据可以是与样本相关联的干涉测量数据。所述干涉测量数据可以是谱域光学相干断层扫描数据、时域光学相干断层扫描数据和/或光频域成像数据。
当阅读与附图结合的对本发明实施例的以下具体描述时，本发明的这些和其它目的、特征及优点将变得明显。
附图说明
本发明的另外的目的、特征和优点将从与示出本发明示例实施例的附图结合的以下具体描述中变得明显，在所述附图中:
图1是可以包括定心机构的根据本发明的微电机导管的示例实施例的示意和分离零件图；
图2是可以实现仅解剖结构的目标区的有限大面积成像的线性推拉式导管的视觉图像；
图3是根据本发明的装置的示例实施例的总体示意图，该装置的示例实施例可以包括导线提供装置、像差校正光学器件、定心机构以及具有反馈的快速束扫描机构；
图4是在解剖结构的目标区使用的图3中所示装置的成像导管的示例实施例的示意图；
图5是图4中所示的根据本发明的示例装置的控制和数据记录机构的部件之间的示例电连接和数据连接的流程框图，包括数据采集和控制单元、成像数据、探头扫描仪电机控制器以及探头扫描仪电机；
图6是图示了根据本发明的过程的示例实施例的示意图，所述过程使数据能够通过图5中所示的数据采集单元进行采集，并且可以针对每个测量行提供探头位置；
图7A图示了根据本发明的探头扫描方法的示例实施例，其中束以加速方式旋转并且缓慢地轴向移位，以产生螺旋成像图案；
图7B图示了探头扫描方法的示例实施例，其中束以加速方式扫描，然后以旋转方式被重新定位并重复；
图8A是根据本发明的快速交换气囊导管的第一示例实施例的示意/操作图，该快速交换气囊导管的第一示例实施例包括位于顶端的导线提供装置；
图8B是根据本发明的快速交换气囊导管的第二示例实施例的示意/操作图，该快速交换气囊导管的第二示例实施例包括位于顶端的导线提供装置作为辅助通道；
图8C是根据本发明的快速交换气囊导管的第三示例实施例的示意/操作图，该快速交换气囊导管的第三示例实施例包括位于气囊之前的导线提供装置作为辅助通道；
图9A是根据本发明的线上气囊导管的示例实施例在导线插入过程中的使用分解图；
图9B是根据本发明的线上气囊导管的示例实施例在气囊导管放置在导线上的过程中的使用分解图；
图9C是根据本发明的线上气囊导管的示例实施例在移走导线过程中的使用分解图；
图9D是根据本发明的线上气囊导管的示例实施例在光学器件放置在气囊中的过程中的使用分解图；
图10是根据本发明的气囊装置的示例实施例的示意图，该气囊装置的示例实施例使用两个套并且将膨胀(inflation)材料(例如空气或者盐水)从远端部分的膨胀通道引导到这些套之间的气囊；
图11是允许成像窗包含单个套的气囊导管的示例实施例的示意图；
图12是根据本发明的探头光学器件的示例实施例的示意图的侧视图和正视图，该探头光学器件的示例实施例包括像差校正光学器件(例如微圆柱透镜)；
图13是根据本发明的气囊导管的另一示例实施例的示意侧视图，该气囊导管的示例实施例使用后向导管内电机来旋转成像束；
图14是根据本发明的气囊导管的另一示例实施例的示意侧视图，该气囊导管的示例实施例使用前向导管内电机来旋转成像束；
图15是修改为允许生成电机位置测量(例如编码器)信号的图14中所示气囊导管的示例变型的示意侧视图；
图16A是被配置用以根据测量的气囊位置来调整参考臂延迟以便将组织保持在系统成像范围中的根据本发明的系统的示例实施例的框图；
图16B是图16A的系统的输出曲线图，其被提供为反射率比深度的曲线图；
图17A是根据本发明的绳装置上的药丸的示例实施例的总体图示，其中成像单元由患者吞咽并且通过包含光纤和/或电连接的“绳”而连接到成像单元；
图17B是在由患者吞咽时工作中的图17A的装置的图示；
图17C是图17A的装置的具体示意图；
图18A是根据本发明的导管的示例实施例的穿过口腔放置的图示；
图18B是根据本发明实施例的穿过口腔的导管的示例实施例的穿过鼻腔放置的图示；
图19A是在闭合模式下的根据本发明的线罩定心装置的示例实施例的示意图；
图19B是根据本发明的线罩定心装置的示例实施例在从其远端部分开始的开启过程中的示意图；
图20是根据本发明示例实施例的与在第二波段工作的另一光学成像装置组合的光学相干断层扫描筛查装置的框图；
图21是根据本发明另一示例实施例的被配置用以允许在样本臂中将烧蚀束与成像束组合的光学相干断层扫描成像系统的框图；
图22是根据本发明另一实施例的被配置用以允许飞行中烧蚀(on-the-fly ablation)的光学相干断层扫描成像系统的框图；
图23A是用于飞行中烧蚀的根据本发明的烧蚀标记过程的示例实施例的流程图；
图23B是用于停止和烧蚀的根据本发明的烧蚀标记过程的示例实施例的流程图；
图24是示出在用于通过根据本发明的装置和过程的示例实施例进行成像的猪食道中的烧蚀标记可见性的内窥镜图像；
图25A是包括烧蚀激光源的根据本发明的装置的示例实施例的框图，所述烧蚀激光源使用与作为快门的光学开关一起被复用的波长在1400-1499nm范围内的多个激光器，其中所述光学开关在复用器(MUX)之后；
图25B是包括烧蚀激光源的根据本发明的装置的示例实施例的框图，所述烧蚀激光源使用与作为快门的光学开关一起被复用的波长在1400-1499nm范围内的多个激光器，其中用于每个激光器的不同光学开关位于复用器(MUX)之前；
图26是标记在完成的成像期间中识别的感兴趣区的根据本发明的成像系统所执行的示例过程的流程图；
图27是根据本发明的线上导管或者快速交换导管的示例实施例的示例放置过程的流程图；
图28A-C是根据本发明示例实施例的在各种阶段中在比探头的成像窗区域更大的区域上成像的多个探头放置的图示；
图29是根据本发明的示例放置过程的流程图，其中气囊在胃部中膨胀(inflate)并且被拉回直至感觉到阻力，由此借助胃食管结合部来定位气囊的近端；以及
图30A-30C是使用图29的示例方法的示例装置所执行的示例步骤。
在所有附图中，除非另有指明，否则相同的标号和字符用来表示所示实施例的相似特征、元件、部件或者部分。另外，尽管现在将参照附图详细描述主题发明，但是这是结合示例实施例来完成的。旨在可以在不脱离如所附权利要求所限定的主题发明的真实范围和精神的情况下对所述实施例做出变化和修改。
具体实施方式
构造根据本发明的原型食道探头1的示例实施例，以考察获得完整远端食道的图像的可行性，在图1中图示了这一示例探头的示意图。这样的示例原型食道筛查探头1被设计为实现在独立模式下、在与内窥镜独立地操作时采集整个远端食道的图像。然而，整个远端食道的成像会是具挑战性的任务，因为即使在最优条件下，在导管与食道之间的距离也可能变化很大。由于图像保持对焦的瑞利范围约为1mm(～35μm光斑直径)，所以应当使食道内腔尽可能圆，并且探头通常应当在食道内居中。
在这样的示例原型筛查探头1中，食道气囊定心导管(例如Wilson-Cook Medical公司的Eclipse 18x8)用来实现这些任务。所述探头结合了包含光纤的内芯。如图1中所示，光纤终结于内芯的远端，而光由小型梯度指数(GRIN)透镜聚焦并且由微棱镜重定向到食道表面上。内芯插入气囊导管的中心内腔中(也如图1中所示)。使用这一探头，通过在纵向平移内芯时快速旋转内芯以获得周边横截面图像来获得远端食道的体积图像。利用原型探头，在3cm的纵向范围从体外获得2cm直径猪食道的体积数据。3D数据集的单个纵截面和横截面表明这一装置获得整个体积内的高分辨率图像的能力。通过利用每秒100μm的拉回速率、以每秒4帧的速率采集图像，在5分钟内获得整个体积数据集(见图2)。根据本发明的这一示例原型表明小直径OCT探头可以被构造用以获得整个远端食道的高质量、高分辨率图像。
可以提供根据本发明的用于通过束扫描来执行上皮内腔器官的大面积成像的设备的示例实施例。所述设备的这种示例实施例可以包括成像系统、成像导管和导管扫描仪。成像系统将光传送到成像导管并且恢复从导管返回的光以生成图像。成像导管将成像系统生成的光引向内腔器官，并且将所述光聚焦为在器官内腔表面定向的束。
图3示出了根据本发明的装置的示例实施例的总体示意图，该装置的示例实施例可以包括成像系统。所述成像系统可以包括光频域成像(“OFDI”)系统100(例如，如在2004年9月8日提交的国际专利申请PCT/US2004/029148中所述)，导管扫描仪是带拉回功能的旋转光线耦合器110(例如，如在2005年11月2日提交的美国专利申请第11/266,779号中所述)，而成像导管是气囊导管探头120。OFDI是与光学相干断层扫描(“OCT”)相似的高速成像技术。图3中所示的成像系统100也可以是谱域光学相干断层扫描(“SD-OCT”)系统(例如，如在2004年7月9日提交的美国专利申请第10/501,276号中所述)或者时域光学相干断层扫描(“TD-OCT”)系统。来自成像系统100的光可以被引向导管扫描仪110，导管扫描仪110可以是气囊成像导管120一部分。
图4示出了图3中所示装置的气囊成像导管120在解剖结构的目标区使用的示例实施例的示意图。例如，导管扫描仪110可以将光(或者其它电磁辐射)提供给内芯125，内芯125可以由光学透明套130封装。在内芯125的远端，聚焦光学器件140可以将光聚焦并引向待成像的内腔器官145的表面。可以使气囊135膨胀以便使内芯125在器官145中居中。内芯125可以被配置用以通过导管扫描仪110旋转和轴向平移，这允许成像束在器官145的大区域上扫描。内芯125可以包括可将所述光引向内芯125的远端的光纤线缆。通过随着束扫描而记录信号(例如OFDI信号)，可以对内腔器官145的大区域成像。
图5是图4中所示的根据本发明的示例装置的控制和数据记录机构的部件之间的示例电连接和数据连接的流程框图。如图5中所示的数据、信号和/或信息流允许在记录成像数据的同时记录束位置，以允许例如对成像数据的基本上准确的空间登记。如图5中所示，OFDI系统所获得的成像数据可以由数据采集和控制单元210采集。导管扫描仪110可以通过使用为旋转而提供的电机240和为拉回而提供的电机250来实现束扫描。每个电机240、250可以在闭环操作中分别由电机控制器220、230控制。数据采集和控制单元210可以命令电机控制器单元220、230实现某些电机速度和/或位置。从电机240、250转发的编码器信号可以被配置成对电机控制器单元220、230以及数据采集和控制单元210都可用。这样，每当在成像数据输入端采集深度扫描时，就可以针对每个电机240、250记录编码器信号，因此可以近似地记录用于所述深度扫描的准确束位置。
图6示出了图示根据本发明的过程的示例实施例的示意图，所述过程使数据能够被图5中所示的数据采集单元210采集，并且为每个测量行提供探头位置。例如，触发信号300可以用来在模拟到数字(A-D)转换器311上触发深度扫描的单次采集，并且也用来记录分别能够接收旋转电机编码器信号320和拉回电机编码器信号330的数字计数器321和数字计数器331的值。编码器信号320、330可以是可以以每电机旋转的限定速率切换的TTL脉冲链。因此，通过使用数字计数器对这些切换进行计数，可以测量当前电机位置。A-D转换器311和数字计数器321、331可以包含在数据采集单元340中。
图7A示出了根据本发明的探头扫描方法350的示例实施例的图示，其中束以加速方式旋转，并且缓慢地轴向移位以产生螺旋成像图案。例如，旋转扫描可以作为第一优先级出现，而轴向(例如拉回)扫描可以作为第二优先级出现。这可以产生螺旋数据集。
图7B示出了根据本发明的探头扫描方法360的另一示例实施例的图示，其中束以加速方式轴向扫描，然后以旋转的方式被重新定位和重复。在(B)中，轴向(拉回)扫描作为第一优先级出现而旋转扫描作为第二优先级出现。由于成像质量在按照第一扫描优先级查看时可以最佳，所以扫描优先级的选择可以依赖于需要横向(旋转)图像还是轴向图像。
图8A是如上文参照图3描述的快速交换气囊导管120的示例实施例的变型的示意/操作图，所述变型包括位于顶端的导线提供装置。在这一示例实施例中，有可能包括其通过导线的快速交换放置。具体而言，为了快速交换放置，导线400可以先放置于待成像的器官中，而导管然后可以沿着导线400穿入。根据本发明的这一示例技术使导管的放置在大量应用中明显更容易。例如，如图8A中所示，可以通过将通孔410设置于气囊导管120的套的远端来定位导线提供装置。图8B示出了根据本发明的快速交换气囊导管120的另一示例变型的示意/操作图示，该示例变型包括通过将第二管420附接到气囊导管120的远端来定位的导线提供装置。图8C示出了根据本发明的快速交换气囊导管120的另一示例变型的示意/操作图示，在该示例变型中，管430位于气囊的近侧。
图9A-9D是在插入导线过程中，根据本发明在线上气囊导管的中心内腔中使用导线510的线上气囊导管的示例实施例的使用分解图。在图9A中，导线510放置于器官500中。然后在图9B中，导管穿到导线510上，使得导线510被封装在导管的中心内腔520中。导线510然后在图9C中被移走。另外在图9D中，内芯光学器件530向下穿过导管中心内腔520，并且启动成像。
图10示出了气囊导管的示例实施例的示意图的侧视图，该示例实施例包括可以用来使气囊膨胀的装置600。例如，可以使用压力计620来监测气囊650的压力。这一压力可以用来优化气囊630的膨胀以及通过监测器官的压力来估计导管的放置。
图11示出了允许成像窗包含单个套的气囊导管的一部分的示例实施例的示意图。例如，在所述图中示出了气囊700、它到导管内套705的近端附接720和它到导管内套705的远端附接710。在截面B中具体示出的远端附接710中，可以包括套715中的孔，以便接纳用于在快速交换导管中使用的导线(如上文所述和图8A-8C中所示)。气囊700可以附接到在气囊范围内延伸的内套722。在截面C中示出了气囊720的近端附接720的细节。气囊720附接到在进入气囊720之后不久终结的外套721。该外套721可以接合到内套722。可以在外套721中提供两个孔724和725，使得可以通过由内套和外套721、722产生的通道而使气囊膨胀。气囊导管的这一示例设计的示例优点之一在于有沿着气囊720并且在气囊720的大部分中延伸的单个套。由于这些套可能在成像束中引入像差并使成像质量降级，所以在气囊中具有一个套而不是两个套的能力可以提高图像质量。
图12示出了根据本发明的导管的示例实施例的内芯的远端的聚焦光学器件的侧视和正视截面图。经由光纤830提供的光或者其它电磁辐射可以由GRIN 840透镜扩散和聚焦。该透镜840的聚焦特性可以被选择为将束的焦点置于器官内腔附近。微棱镜850可以将束反射约90度。小的圆柱透镜860可以附接到微棱镜850，以补偿由套800和810引起的束散光。可替选地，微棱镜850本身可以被抛光以在一侧具有圆柱曲率，从而实现该散光校正。
图13是例如在示例气囊导管探头中进行束扫描的根据本发明的装置的示例实施和另一示例实施例的示意图。具体而言，可以通过在导管本身内部放置微电机930来实现旋转扫描。如图13中所示，电机930可以放置于导管的远端而光纤950可以引向电机轴965上装配的棱镜960。到电机930的示例电连接940可以通过成像路径到达电机930，这可能造成成像束轻微受阻。气囊可以用来使该光纤芯在内腔器官中居中。可以在棱镜上或者在棱镜处提供圆柱透镜或者其它散光校正光学器件970，以补偿因穿过透明套900而引起的散光像差。通过整个光学芯，包括导管透明套900内的聚焦光学器件以及电机930的平移来实现轴向扫描。这一平移可能受到在导管远端的拉回装置的影响。
图14示出了根据本发明的导管的示例实施例，导管的该示例实施例与图13的示例实施例相似，但是通过防止电机电连接阻碍成像束而进行了修改。在这一示例实施例中，光纤1000可以被引导经过电机1010，并由反射帽1080朝着电机轴1055上装配的微棱镜1050反射。可以在棱镜1050上或者在棱镜1050处提供像差校正光学器件1060。可以平移整个装置以实现轴向扫描。
图15示出了导管的另一示例实施例的侧视图，导管的该示例实施例与图14的示例实施例相似，但是为了允许使用可以用作电机编码器信号的附加光学信号而进行了修改。在这一示例实施例中，第二光纤1100引导光或者其它电磁辐射经过电机1100。所述光/辐射可以由光学器件1110聚焦并朝着反射编码器1120反射，反射编码器1120可以位于电机驱动轴1111上。反射编码器1120可以包括高反射率和低反射率的交替区域。随着电机轴1111旋转，反射到该光纤中的光可以根据编码器1120所提供的信息而变化。通过检测反射光功率，可以测量电机1100的旋转位置、速度和方向。此信息可以用来控制电机1100和/或将图像与束位置一起登记。
图16A是根据本发明的系统(例如OCT系统)的示例实施例的框图，该示例实施例被配置用以根据测量的气囊位置来调整参考臂延迟，以便将组织保持于系统成像范围中。这一示例OCT成像系统可以实施自动测距。例如，在OCT、OFDI或者SD-OCT系统中，可以在有限深度范围内测量反射率。如果样本没有位于该深度范围内，则通常不可测量该样本。气囊导管可以使光学探头在内腔中居中，并且因此将器官内腔表面维持在距离探头近似恒定的深度(气囊半径)。然而，如果该恒定的深度由于气囊上扭曲气囊形状的压力而不理想，则器官可能落在成像范围以外。在图16A中所示示例实施例中，自动测距可以用来调整成像深度范围以跟踪内腔器官的位置。这可以通过按照样本的大反射率信号(如图16B中所示)对样本表面(例如气囊表面)的位置1210进行定位，并且相应地调整参考臂延迟1220以重新定位成像范围来实现。参考臂调整可以涉及修改参考臂光学路径。
图17A和17C示出了根据本发明的“绳上药丸”装置的示例实施例的图示，其中成像单元由患者吞咽，并且通过包含光纤和/或电连接的“绳”1310连接到成像探头1300。例如，包含微电机1320的成像探头1300(例如“药丸”)由患者吞咽(见图17B)。图14中所示的示例微电机可以用作电机1320。探头1300可以通过包含光纤和电连接的“绳”1310连接到系统。通过使用此“绳”1310，可以控制探头1300的位置，并且探头1300可以例如放置于患者的食道中。在成像之后，可以利用此“绳”1310来取回探头1300。
图18A和18B分别示出了例如用于上胃肠管道成像的根据本发明的导管的示例实施例的穿过口腔的放置图示和穿过鼻腔的放置图示。在图18B中，导管1310可以通过口腔1400来放置，即穿过口腔。在图18B中，导管1410可以通过鼻孔1420来放置，即穿过鼻腔。穿过鼻腔的设计可以具有无需患者服镇静剂的优点，但是直径应当小。根据本发明示例实施例的光纤成像芯的相对小尺寸可以允许其穿过鼻腔的实施。
图19A和19B分别示出了在闭合模式下和在从本发明的示例导管的线罩定心装置的远端部分开始开启的过程中，根据本发明的示例导管的线罩定心装置的示例实施例的示意图。例如，导管可以使用绞合线而不是气囊来使内部光纤芯在内腔器官中扩张(expand)和居中。导管可以包括外套1510、可扩张线支架组1500和内芯1530。在放置导管之后，另一套可以缩回以允许线支架1500扩张器官。在成像之后，外套1510可以延伸以使线支架坍缩并且可以移走导管。
图20图示了根据本发明的成像系统的示例实施例的框图，其中第二波段可以复用到导管中以实现第二成像模态。这一模态可以例如是可见光反射成像或者荧光成像。在这一示例装置中，可见光源1600可以经由波分复用器1630耦合到成像导管(例如，如图3中所示的成像导管)，所述波分复用器1630将第二波段与例如通常为红外线的主成像波段组合。从样本反射的可见光可以通过该波分复用器1630与主成像波段分离，并且由分光器1610引向光接收器1620。
用于上皮内腔器官成像系统的有利附加功能可以是对在成像数据集中识别的感兴趣区进行后续检查的能力。例如，如果在食道区中检测到异型增生区，则可能希望引导内窥镜以拍摄所述区域中的组织活检以确认所述诊断。一种方法和系统可以用于将可见标记放置于在图像数据集中识别的感兴趣位置处的组织上。图21示出了用于通过光纤波分复用器1710将烧蚀激光器1700耦合到成像导管来实现这一点的根据本发明的装置的另一示例实施例的框图。烧蚀激光器1700可以被配置成包括足以在内腔器官上产生表面损伤的光学功率和波长。这些损伤可以以内窥镜方式看到，并且可以用作进一步研究例如活组织检查的标记。如图21中所示，导管可以指向待标记的区域并且被固定。烧蚀激光器然后接通足以产生可见损伤的持续时间。
图22示出了根据本发明的装置的替选示例实施例，在该替选示例实施例中不停止导管扫描仪而代之以在飞行中执行烧蚀。数据采集单元1720被编程用以在导管指向感兴趣区时开启光快门1730。光快门1730可以在开启时透射烧蚀光而在闭合时阻止烧蚀光。例如，导管可以保持运动。
图23A示出了用于在感兴趣区中的飞行烧蚀的根据本发明的烧蚀标记过程的示例实施例的流程图。具体而言，在步骤1810中识别待烧蚀点。在步骤1820中，将快门设置为在这样的点开启。在步骤1830中启用快门和烧蚀激光器，然后在步骤1840中禁用快门和/或烧蚀激光器。
图23B示出了用于停止和烧蚀感兴趣区的根据本发明的烧蚀标记过程的示例实施例的流程图。具体而言，在步骤1850中识别待烧蚀点。在步骤1860中，命令导管在该点停止。在步骤1870中启用快门和烧蚀激光器，然后在步骤1880中禁用快门和/或烧蚀激光器。在步骤1890中重新开始旋转导管。
图24示出了包括对烧蚀标记的感兴趣区的示例图像(使用本发明的示例实施例来生成)。例如，示出了使用波长为1440nm至1480nm和约300mW的光功率的一连串激光器在约1秒的持续时间内在食道中产生的烧蚀标记1900。
图25A和25B示出了可以将所述示例装置的多个烧蚀激光器与光学开关(快门)组合的根据本发明的示例装置的示例实施例的互连和本发明示例方法的实施的流程图和框图。在图25A中，多个激光器2000、2010和2020可以利用跟随有单个快门2040的复用器(MUX)2030来组合，所述MUX 2030可以是波分复用器、极化复用器和/或二者的组合。在图25B中，各激光器2000、2010、2020可以使用单独的快门2050、2060、2070，这些快门可以利用MUX 2080来后续地组合。
图26示出了用于检查内腔器官并且随后对感兴趣区进行标记的方法的示例实施例的框图。在步骤2100中，对内腔区进行完全成像。然后在步骤2110中，操作者利用自动化算法或者检查来识别感兴趣区。在步骤2120中，将导管引向第一感兴趣区的区域。在步骤2130中，可选地开始成像并且交互式地调整导管位置以重新找到感兴趣区。这一重新找到过程可以补偿由于例如食道中的蠕动运动导致的导管移位。接着在步骤2140中，可以使单个或者一连串烧蚀标记邻近感兴趣区或者在感兴趣区周围。针对每个感兴趣区重复这一过程(步骤2150、2130、2140等)。在步骤2160中移走导管，另外在步骤2170中在这些标记区执行检查或者活组织检查。
图27示出了用于利用导线的内窥镜放置来放置成像导管的根据本发明的过程的示例实施例。具体而言，在步骤2200中经过内窥镜通道插入导线。在步骤2210中移走内窥镜，留下导线。在步骤2220中，如上文参照本发明的各种示例实施例所述，将导管放置于导线上。在步骤2230中移走导线。另外在步骤2240中使气囊膨胀，而在步骤2250中开始成像。
图28A-28C示出了利用本发明的示例装置以便通过多次放置气囊来对比气囊长度更大的区域成像的操作的示例步骤。可以组合在图28A-28C中所示的位置中用气囊获得的成像集，以对大的区域进行成像。
图29示出了用于在管状食道与胃部之间的结合部放置成像探头的方法的示例实施例。图30A-30C示出了由本发明的示例装置使用图29的方法来执行的示例步骤。在步骤2400中，插入导管，气囊紧缩并放置在胃中。在步骤2410中使气囊膨胀(图30A)，在步骤2420中拉回气囊直至感觉到阻力，由此将气囊的近侧定位于胃食道结合部(在胃部与食道之间的结合部)。接着在步骤2430中使气囊部分地紧缩(图30B)并将导管拉回预定量，比如气囊长度。另外在步骤2440中使气囊膨胀，并且继续利用位于胃食道结合部的导管进行成像(图30C)。
在本发明的附加示例实施例中，可以在简化成像模式(例如侦察成像(scout imaging))下操作成像系统，以确定导管是否恰当地定位于器官中。可以在确认恰当的导管放置之后开始完全综合成像。在本发明的另一示例实施例中，除了空气之外，可以用可选为透明的材料比如但不限于水、重水(D2O)或者油来使气囊定心导管膨胀。在本发明的另一示例实施例中，激光标记可以利用器官中的先前施加的外源物质以提供对标记激光的吸收。在本发明的另一示例实施例中，可以使用润滑剂来辅助导管插入。在本发明的另一示例实施例中，可以在成像之前使用黏膜去除剂来减少器官中可能降低成像质量的黏液。
上文仅举例说明本发明的原理。基于这里的教导，对所述实施例的各种修改和替换对于本领域技术人员将是明显的。实际上，根据本发明示例实施例的装置、系统和方法可以与任何OCT系统、OFDI系统、SD-OCT系统或者其它成像系统一起使用和/或实施任何OCT系统、OFDI系统、SD-OCT系统或者其它成像系统，并且例如与2004年9月8日提交的国际专利申请PCT/US2004/029148、2005年11月2日提交的美国专利申请第11/266,779号以及2004年7月9日提交的美国专利申请第10/501,276号中描述的系统一起使用，这些专利申请的公开内容通过引用整体结合于此。因此将认识到本领域技术人员将能够设计许多系统、装置和方法，这些系统、装置和方法虽然这里没有明确地示出或者描述，但是实现本发明的原理并且因此在本发明的精神和范围内。此外，在上文中没有明确地通过引用结合于此的现有技术知识也明确地整体结合于此。上文引用于此的所有公开文献都通过引用整体结合于此。

Claims (64)

1.一种用于针对至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的至少一个部分获得数据的设备，包括:
第一光学装置，配置用以向所述至少一个部分发送和从所述至少一个部分接收至少一个电磁辐射；
第二装置，至少部分地封装所述第一装置；以及
第三装置，其被配置用以被激励，以便将所述第一装置定位于所述至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的预定位置，
其中所述第一装置被配置用以补偿由所述第二装置或者所述第三装置中的至少一个装置导致的至少一种像差。
2.根据权利要求所述1的设备，其中所述至少一种像差是散光。
3.根据权利要求所述1的设备，其中所述设备可经由患者的口腔或者鼻腔中的至少一个而插入。
4.根据权利要求所述1的设备，其中所述第一装置包括配置用以补偿所述至少一种像差的至少一个圆柱形表面。
5.根据权利要求所述1的设备，其中所述第一装置包括配置用以补偿所述至少一种像差的至少一个椭圆球透镜。
6.根据权利要求所述1的设备，其中所述第三装置包括气囊。
7.根据权利要求所述6的设备，其中所述气囊能够用气体或者液体中的至少一种来填充。
8.根据权利要求所述1的设备，其中所述第二装置包括使引导装置能够通过其插入的至少一个部分。
9.根据权利要求所述1的设备，还包括另一装置，所述另一装置被配置用以测量所述至少一个部分内的压力。
10.根据权利要求所述1的设备，其中所述数据包括所述第一装置相对于所述至少一个内腔或者中空样本的位置或者取向中的至少一个。
11.根据权利要求所述1的设备，其中所述至少一个电磁辐射是可见的。
12.根据权利要求所述1的设备，其中所述第一装置包括将所述至少一个电磁辐射引向所述至少一个部分并且获得数据的部件。
13.根据权利要求所述1的设备，其中所述设备能够被吞咽。
14.根据权利要求所述1的设备，其中所述第一光学装置被配置用以向所述至少一个部分发送和从所述至少一个部分接收至少一个第一电磁辐射，并且发送至少一个第二电磁辐射，以便产生所述至少一个部分的结构变化。
15.根据权利要求所述14的设备，还包括另一装置，所述另一装置至少部分地封装所述第二装置，并且能够延伸到空间上在所述第一装置的所述部件周边以外的位置。
16.根据权利要求所述1的设备，还包括另一设备，所述另一设备被配置用以接收和记录所述数据以及所述第一装置相对于所述至少一个样本的位置和旋转角。
17.根据权利要求所述16的设备，其中所述另一装置包括扫描装置，所述另一装置通过在所述至少一个样本的至少一次扫描过程中对从所述扫描装置获得的编码器信号的数字计数来检测所述位置和所述旋转角。
18.根据权利要求所述16的设备，还包括附加装置，所述附加装置被配置用以接收所述位置和所述旋转角，并且利用所述位置和所述旋转角来生成与所述至少一个部分相关联的至少一个图像。
19.根据权利要求所述18的设备，其中所述附加装置还被配置用以校正所述至少一个图像的至少一种空间失真。
20.根据权利要求所述1的设备，还包括处理装置，所述处理装置能够被控制用以在所述第一装置相对于所述至少一个样本的至少两次轴向平移过程中接收所述至少一个样本的多个图像，其中按旋转角提供每次所述轴向平移。
21.根据权利要求所述1的设备，其中所述数据是与至少一个样本相关联的干涉测量数据。
22.根据权利要求所述21的设备，其中所述干涉测量数据是谱域光学相干断层扫描数据、时域光学相干断层扫描数据或者光频域成像数据中的至少一种。
23.一种用于针对至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的至少一个部分获得数据的设备，包括:
第一光学装置，配置用以向所述至少一个部分发送和从所述至少一个部分接收至少一个电磁辐射；
第二装置，至少部分地封装所述第一装置，并且包括使引导装置能够通过其插入的至少一个部分；以及
第三装置，其被配置用以被激励，以便将所述第一装置定位于所述至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的预定位置。
24.根据权利要求所述23的设备，其中所述设备可经由患者的口腔或者鼻腔中的至少一个而插入。
25.根据权利要求所述23的设备，还包括另一设备，所述另一设备被配置用以接收和记录所述数据以及所述第一装置相对于所述至少一个样本的位置和旋转角。
26.根据权利要求所述25的设备，其中所述另一装置包括扫描装置，所述另一装置通过在所述至少一个样本的至少一次扫描过程中对从所述扫描装置获得的编码器信号的数字计数来检测所述位置和所述旋转角。
27.根据权利要求所述25的设备，还包括附加装置，所述附加装置被配置用以接收所述位置和所述旋转角，并且利用所述位置和所述旋转角来生成与所述至少一个部分相关联的至少一个图像。
28.根据权利要求所述27的设备，其中所述附加装置还被配置用以校正所述至少一个图像的至少一种空间失真。
29.根据权利要求所述23的设备，还包括处理装置，所述处理装置能够被控制用以在所述第一装置相对于所述至少一个样本的至少两次轴向平移过程中接收所述至少一个样本的多个图像，其中按旋转角提供每次所述轴向平移。
30.根据权利要求所述23的设备，其中所述数据是与所述至少一个样本相关联的干涉测量数据。
31.根据权利要求所述30的设备，其中所述干涉测量数据是谱域光学相干断层扫描数据、时域光学相干断层扫描数据或者光频域成像数据中的至少一种。
32.一种用于针对至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的至少一个部分获得数据的设备，包括:
第一光学装置，配置用以向所述至少一个部分发送和从所述至少一个部分接收至少一个电磁辐射；以及
第二装置，包括至少一个不可膨胀部分，所述至少一个不可膨胀部分被配置用以被激励，以便将所述第一装置定位于所述至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的预定位置。
33.根据权利要求所述32的设备，其中所述设备可经由患者的口腔或者鼻腔中的至少一个而插入。
34.根据权利要求所述32的设备，其中所述至少一个不可膨胀部分是可扩张可收缩筐。
35.根据权利要求所述32的设备，还包括另一设备，所述另一设备被配置用以接收和记录所述数据以及所述第一装置相对于所述至少一个样本的位置和旋转角。
36.根据权利要求所述35的设备，其中所述另一装置包括扫描装置，所述另一装置通过在所述至少一个样本的至少一次扫描过程中对从所述扫描装置获得的编码器信号的数字计数来检测所述位置和所述旋转角。
37.根据权利要求所述35的设备，还包括附加装置，所述附加装置被配置用以接收所述位置和所述旋转角，并且利用所述位置和所述旋转角来生成与所述至少一个部分相关联的至少一个图像。
38.根据权利要求所述37的设备，其中所述附加装置还被配置用以校正所述至少一个图像的至少一种空间失真。
39.根据权利要求所述32的设备，还包括处理装置，所述处理装置能够被控制用以在所述第一装置相对于所述至少一个样本的至少两次轴向平移过程中接收所述至少一个样本的多个图像，其中按旋转角提供每次所述轴向平移。
40.根据权利要求所述32的设备，其中所述数据是与所述至少一个样本相关联的干涉测量数据。
41.根据权利要求所述40的设备，其中所述干涉测量数据是谱域光学相干断层扫描数据、时域光学相干断层扫描数据或者光频域成像数据中的至少一种。
42.一种用于针对至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的至少一个部分获得数据的设备，包括:
第一光学装置，配置用以向所述至少一个部分发送和从所述至少一个部分接收至少一个电磁辐射；以及
第二装置，其被配置用以测量所述至少一个部分内的压力。
43.根据权利要求所述42的设备，还包括第二装置，所述第二装置被配置用以被激励，以便将所述第一装置定位于所述至少一个样本内的预定位置。
44.根据权利要求所述42的设备，其中所述设备可经由患者的口腔或者鼻腔中的至少一个而插入。
45.根据权利要求所述42的设备，其中所述第二装置包括压力计。
46.根据权利要求所述42的设备，还包括另一设备，所述另一设备被配置用以接收和记录所述数据以及所述第一装置相对于所述至少一个样本的位置和旋转角。
47.根据权利要求所述46的设备，其中所述另一装置包括扫描装置，所述另一装置通过在所述至少一个样本的至少一次扫描过程中对从所述扫描装置获得的编码器信号的数字计数来检测所述位置和所述旋转角。
48.根据权利要求所述46的设备，还包括附加装置，所述附加装置被配置用以接收所述位置和所述旋转角，并且利用所述位置和所述旋转角来生成与所述至少一个部分相关联的至少一个图像。
49.根据权利要求所述48的设备，其中所述附加装置还被配置用以校正所述至少一个图像的至少一种空间失真。
50.根据权利要求所述43的设备，还包括处理装置，所述处理装置能够被控制用以在所述第一装置相对于所述至少一个样本的至少两次轴向平移过程中接收所述至少一个样本的多个图像，其中按旋转角提供每次所述轴向平移。
51.根据权利要求所述43的设备，其中所述数据是与所述至少一个样本相关联的干涉测量数据。
52.根据权利要求所述51的设备，其中所述干涉测量数据是谱域光学相干断层扫描数据、时域光学相干断层扫描数据或者光频域成像数据中的至少一种。
53.一种用于针对至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的至少一个部分获得数据的设备，包括:
第一光学装置，配置用以向所述至少一个部分发送和从所述至少一个部分接收至少一个电磁辐射；以及
第二装置，其被配置用以被激励，以便将所述第一装置定位于所述至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的预定位置，
其中所述数据包括所述第一装置相对于所述至少一个内腔或者中空样本的位置或者取向中的至少一个。
54.根据权利要求所述53的设备，其中所述设备可经由患者的口腔或者鼻腔中的至少一个而插入。
55.一种用于针对至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的至少一个部分获得数据的设备，包括:
第一光学装置，配置用以向所述至少一个部分发送和从所述至少一个部分接收至少一个可见电磁辐射；以及
第二装置，其被配置用以被激励，以便将所述第一装置定位于所述至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的预定位置。
56.一种用于针对至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的至少一个部分获得数据的设备，包括:
第一光学装置，配置用以向所述至少一个部分发送和从所述至少一个部分接收至少一个第一电磁辐射，并且发送至少一个第二电磁辐射，以便产生所述至少一个部分的结构变化；以及
第二装置，其被配置用以被激励，以便将所述第一装置定位于所述至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的预定位置。
57.一种能够被吞咽以便针对至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的至少一个部分获得数据的设备，包括:
第一光学装置，配置用以向所述至少一个部分发送和从所述至少一个部分接收至少一个电磁辐射；以及
第二装置，其被配置用以被激励，以便将所述第一装置定位于所述至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的预定位置。
58.一种能够被吞咽以便针对至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的至少一个部分获得数据的设备，包括:
第一光学装置，配置用以向所述至少一个部分发送和从所述至少一个部分接收至少一个电磁辐射；以及
第二装置，其被配置用以将来自所述至少一个内腔或者中空样本的至少一个返回辐射转发到光学相干断层扫描系统。
59.一种用于针对至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的至少一个部分获得数据的设备，包括:
第一光学装置，配置用以向所述至少一个部分发送和从所述至少一个部分接收至少一个电磁辐射，并且包括将所述至少一个电磁辐射引向所述至少一个部分并且获得所述数据的部件；
第二装置，至少部分地封装所述第一装置；
第三装置，至少部分地封装所述第二装置，并且能够延伸到空间上在所述第一装置的所述部件周边以外的位置；以及
第四装置，其被配置用以被激励，以便将所述第一装置定位于所述至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的预定位置。
60.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其中所述第四装置包括能够经由在所述第二装置与所述第三装置之间延伸的通道而膨胀的气囊。
61.一种用于针对至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的至少一个部分获得数据的设备，包括:
光学装置，配置用以向所述至少一个部分发送和从所述至少一个部分接收至少一个电磁辐射，所述光学装置包括:将所述至少一个电磁辐射引向所述至少一个部分并且获得所述数据的部件；以及激励装置，控制所述光学装置中的所述部件的纵向平移或者旋转中的至少一种，其中所述激励装置接近所述部件地被提供，并且其中所述激励装置被定位于所述至少一个内腔或者中空样本内或者附近。
62.根据权利要求61所述的设备，还包括:
第二装置，至少部分地封装所述第一装置；以及
第三装置，其被配置用以被激励，以便将所述第一装置定位于所述至少一个内腔或者中空样本内的预定位置。
63.根据权利要求62所述的设备，还包括第四装置，所述第四装置被配置用以确定被引向所述至少一个部分的所述至少一个电磁辐射相对于所述至少一个部分的旋转角或者位置中的至少一个。
64.根据权利要求62所述的设备，其中所述激励装置是电机。
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