CN101516431A - 用于定位减压传送系统的消毒盖布处的流体渗漏的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于定位减压传送系统的消毒盖布处的流体渗漏的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101516431A
CN101516431A CNA2007800346436A CN200780034643A CN101516431A CN 101516431 A CN101516431 A CN 101516431A CN A2007800346436 A CNA2007800346436 A CN A2007800346436A CN 200780034643 A CN200780034643 A CN 200780034643A CN 101516431 A CN101516431 A CN 101516431A
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克里斯多佛·布赖恩·洛克
马克·斯蒂芬·詹姆士·彼尔德
大卫·罗布森·布兰福德
蒂莫西·马克·罗宾逊
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Abstract

一种用于执行组织治疗的系统和方法，可包括将减小的压力施加到患者的组织部位。可感测与将减小的压力施加到组织部位相关联的流体参数。可响应于感测流体参数而产生可听见的流体渗漏定位声音。该可听见的流体渗漏定位声音可响应于感测到流体参数发生变化而改变。通过响应于感测到流体参数的变化而改变可听见的流体渗漏定位声音，临床医生可通过将力施加到消毒盖布来检测消毒盖布处的流体渗漏的位置。施加到消毒盖布的力可为临床医师将手指按压到消毒盖布的边缘上的压力。

Description

用于定位减压传送系统的消毒盖布处的流体渗漏的系统和方法
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明一般涉及促进组织生长的系统和方法，且尤其是涉及一种用于检测和修正发生在位于被减压传送系统治疗的组织部位上的消毒盖布处的流体渗漏的方法。
2.相关技术的描述
通过利用将减小的压力施加到组织部位的方法，患者的组织生长和伤口愈合已显示为被加速。减压传送系统操作来在患者的组织部位处形成这样的减小的压力。这种形式的伤口愈合可容易结合到临床医师的伤口愈合程序中。减压组织治疗使患者护理发挥最大效果并降低了与有外伤和慢性伤口的患者的治疗相关的成本。可在医院、居民安置区例如受援生活中心和康复疗养院、或患者的家里执行减压治疗。
传送到伤口或组织部位的减小的压力通过从伤口或组织部位移除感染性材料和其它流体而部分地促进了伤口愈合和/或组织生长。减压治疗通过将力强加在组织上从而引起组织的微变形，来进一步促进了组织生长，这被认为有助于组织部位处的肉芽组织的生长。通过减小的压力的传送而强加在组织部位上的力进一步促进在组织部位处的改善的血液流动，这进一步有助于新组织的生长。
减压传送系统通常使用真空泵来通过减压导管将减小的压力施加到组织部位。歧管(manifold)常常用在组织部位处以帮助均匀地分布减小的压力。消毒盖布一般用于覆盖歧管并形成与被施加了减小的压力的组织部位的周围组织的密封。所以减小的压力保持恒定和精确，从而提供了最佳的组织生长和/或治疗，消毒盖布与组织部位的周围组织面接(interface)并被保持，以防止流体渗漏，例如空气渗漏。在流体渗漏在消毒盖布的安置期间或在治疗期间产生的情况下，临床医师常常发现难于查出(isolate)流体渗漏的精确位置。如果不修正流体渗漏，那么减压传送系统的性能降低且不能实现最大程度的治疗潜能。
发明内容
为了克服定位发生在消毒盖布和患者的组织之间的界面处的流体渗漏的问题，提供本发明的原理来用于检测发生在减压传送系统的消毒盖布处的流体渗漏的位置并修正流体渗漏。通过能够定位发生在消毒盖布和组织界面处的流体渗漏，可产生最佳的治疗结果。
用于进行组织治疗的系统的一个实施方式包括处理单元和减压源。导管可流体地连接在减压源和患者的组织部位之间。导管可配置成将减压源所产生的减小的压力施加到组织部位。消毒盖布可配置成放置在组织部位上，以维护组织部位处的减小的压力。流体传感器可与导管流体连通，并与处理单元电连通。流体传感器可配置成感测导管内的流体参数，并响应于感测流体参数而产生流体传感器信号。流体参数可为流体流动速率、流体压力或其它参数。流体传感器可响应于感测到流体参数发生变化而改变流体传感器信号。电子扬声器可与处理单元连通。处理单元可配置成将流体渗漏定位信号传递到扬声器，以产生可听见的流体渗漏定位声音(audiblefluid leak location sound)。处理单元可进一步配置成响应于流体参数被改变而改变流体渗漏定位信号。流体渗漏定位信号可在音调、频率、音量或其它可听见的声音参数上改变，以使可听见的流体渗漏定位声音被改变，从而给试图定位发生在消毒盖布处的流体渗漏的临床医师提供他或她正影响流体渗漏的指示。
用于进行组织治疗的方法的一个实施方式可包括：将减小的压力施加到患者的组织部位。可感测与将减小的压力施加到组织部位相关联的流体参数。可响应于感测流体参数而产生可听见的流体渗漏定位声音。可听见的流体渗漏定位声音可响应于感测到流体参数发生变化而改变。通过响应于感测到流体参数的变化而改变可听见的流体渗漏定位声音，临床医师可通过将力施加到消毒盖布上而检测发生在消毒盖布处的流体渗漏的位置。施加到消毒盖布上的力可以是临床医师将手指按压到消毒盖布的边缘。
用于在治疗患者的组织部位的同时定位流体渗漏的方法的一个实施方式包括：临床医师听减压传送系统所产生的可听见的声音。临床医师可将力施加到组织部位处的消毒盖布，且可听见的声音可被列出以用于可听见的变化。可听见的声音可改变频率、音量或任何其它可听见的声音参数。可根据可听见的声音中的变化，来确定发生在患者的组织和消毒盖布之间的界面处的流体渗漏的位置。一旦定位了流体渗漏，临床医师就可减少流体渗漏。
用于在治疗患者的组织部位的同时确定流体渗漏的另一方法可包括：临床医师听可听见的声音并将力施加到消毒盖布的第一区域。临床医师可注意听响应于将力施加到消毒盖布的第一区域而产生的可听见的声音中的变化。如果可听见的声音产生变化，则可修正消毒盖布的第一区域以减少流体渗漏。否则，可将力施加到消毒盖布的第二区域。如果可听见的声音响应于将力施加到消毒盖布的第二区域而产生变化，则可修正消毒盖布的第二区域以减少流体渗漏。临床医师可继续将力施加到消毒盖布的不同区域，并注意听可听见的声音中的变化，以确定在消毒盖布和患者的组织的界面处存在流体渗漏的特定区域。
附图简述
当结合附图理解时，通过参考下面的详细描述可获得本发明的方法和装置的更彻底的理解。
图1是被使用减压传送系统来治疗的患者的示例性配置的图示；
图2是覆盖组织部位的示例性消毒盖布的图示，该组织部位被减压传送系统施加了减小的压力；
图3是覆盖组织部位的示例性消毒盖布的图示，该组织部位被减压传送系统施加了减小的压力；
图4是示例性减压传送系统的结构图，该减压传送系统配置成将减小的压力施加到组织部位并通知临床医师在消毒盖布处出现了流体渗漏；
图5是使临床医师能够选择“密封检查”功能来定位存在于消毒盖布处的流体渗漏的示例性图形用户界面的屏幕截图；
图6A是减压传送系统的另一示例性图形用户界面的屏幕截图，其示出使临床医师能够选择减压传送系统的一种模式来确定消毒盖布处是否存在流体渗漏的实施方式；
图6B-6I是示例性指标(indicator)的描述，该指标用于显示在图6A的图形用户界面上，以使临床医师能够在定位消毒盖布处的流体渗漏时观察到；
图7是用于产生可听见的流体渗漏定位声音以通知用户在消毒盖布处存在流体渗漏的示例性过程的流程图；
图8是用户定位消毒盖布处的流体渗漏的示例性过程的流程图；以及
图9是根据本发明的原理用于定位和修正流体渗漏的示例性过程的流程图。
优选实施方式的详细描述
关于图1，示出了用于治疗患者102的设置100。患者通过减压传送系统106在组织部位104处接受减压治疗。减压传送系统106可包括从减压传送系统106延伸到组织部位104的减压导管108。在组织部位104处，减压敷料或分配歧管110可流体地(fluidly)连接到减压导管108。此外，消毒盖布112可放置在组织部位104和分配歧管110上。消毒盖布112可为不透气的柔性材料，以阻止空气或其它流体在减压治疗期间进入或退出组织部位104。
如这里使用的，术语“柔性的”指能够弯曲或折曲的物体或材料。弹性体材料一般是柔性的，但这里对柔性材料的提及不必将材料选择限制为只有弹性体。与根据本发明原理的材料或减压传送装置有关的术语“柔性的”的使用通常指材料符合或精密地匹配组织部位的形状的能力。例如，用于治疗骨缺损的减压传送装置的柔性性质可允许围绕具有缺损的骨骼的部分包裹或折叠该装置。
如这里使用的，术语“流体”通常指气体或液体，但也可包括任何其它易流动的材料，包括但不限于凝胶、胶体和泡沫。气体的一个例子是空气。
如这里使用的，术语“不可透过的”通常指膜、罩、薄板或其它物质(substance)阻挡或减慢液体或气体透过的能力。不可透过性可用于指罩、薄板或其它膜，其抵抗液体的透过同时允许气体透过而通过该膜。虽然不可透过膜可为液体类型的，但该膜可简单地减小全部或仅仅某些液体的透过率。术语“不可透过的”的使用并不意味着暗示不可透过膜高于或低于对不可透过性的任何特定的工业标准测量，例如水蒸汽透过率(WVTR)的特定值。
如这里使用的，术语“歧管”通常指设置成有助于将减小的压力施加到组织部位、将流体传送到组织部位或从组织部位移除流体的物质或结构。歧管一般包括多个流动通道或路径，这些流动通道或路径互相连接以改善被提供给歧管周围的组织区域并从该区域移除的流体的分布。歧管的例子可没有限制地包括具有结构元件的设备，这些结构元件布置成形成流动通道、多孔状泡沫体例如开孔泡沫(open-desk cell foam)、多孔组织群(collection)以及包括或固化以包括流动通道的液体、凝胶和泡沫。
如这里使用的，术语“减小的压力”通常指在受到治疗的组织部位处小于周围的压力的压力。在大多数情况下，该减小的压力小于患者所处于的大气压力。可选地，减小的压力可小于在组织部位处的组织的流体静压(hydrostatic pressure)。虽然术语“真空”和“负压”可用于描述施加到组织部位的压力，但是施加到组织部位的实际压力可明显小于通常与完全的真空相关联的压力。减小的压力可最初在组织部位的区域内的管状部分或导管中产生流体流动。当组织部位周围的流体静压接近于期望的减小的压力时，流动可减退，且减小的压力接着被维持。除非另外指出，这里所述的压力的值是表压力。
如这里使用的，术语“支架(scaffold)”指用于增强或促进细胞的生长和/或组织的形成的物质或结构。支架一般是提供细胞生长的模板的三维多孔结构。支架可被灌输有、涂有或包括细胞、生长因子或其它营养素，以促进细胞生长。根据这里被描述的实施方式，支架可用作歧管以对组织部位执行减压组织治疗。
如这里使用的，术语“组织部位”指位于任何组织上或内的伤口或缺陷，包括但不限于骨组织、脂肪组织、肌肉组织、神经组织、皮肤组织、血管组织、结缔组织、软骨、腱或韧带。术语“组织部位”可进一步指不一定受伤或有缺陷的而是被期望增加或促进另外组织的生长的任何组织的区域。例如，减压组织治疗可用在某些组织区域中以培养可被获得并移植到另一组织位置的另外组织。
术语“临床医师”，在这里用于意指任何医学专业人员、用户、患者的家庭成员或与减压传送系统相互作用或通过面接的患者。
关于图2，人体202上的组织部位200从减压传送系统(未示出)接受减压治疗。减压传送系统连接到减压导管204，并直接地或通过接合器(adapter)206与分配歧管(未示出)流体连通。消毒盖布208可配置成覆盖分配歧管，分配歧管被示为压入消毒盖布208中以形成轮廓210。消毒盖布208覆盖组织部位200，从而帮助维持组织部位处的密封，以便流体例如空气不能进入或退出组织部位。通过阻止流体进入或退出组织部位200，组织部位200可接受减压治疗的最大益处，包括最小化额外感染的机会并促进组织的生长。
在组织部位200处固定可包括分配歧管和消毒盖布208的敷料时，临床医师可在减压传送系统的操作期间敷上敷料并将力施加到消毒盖布208。通过沿着消毒盖布208的外边缘施加力，临床医师可在消毒盖布208和围绕组织部位200的组织214的重合部分(intersection)212处建立密封或另外地改变密封。在密封没有完全形成或在消毒盖布208处逐渐形成流体渗漏的情况下，临床医师可沿着消毒盖布208的外边缘212按压他或她的手指216，以改进或重新建立密封。因为定位消毒盖布208处的流体渗漏在实践中常常很难，因此本发明的原理提供了用于确定流体渗透的位置的系统和方法，如这里关于图4-8进一步描述的。
关于图3，提供了组织部位200的剪截图以显示在包围组织部位200的健康组织302上延伸的消毒盖布208。消毒盖布208在歧管304上延伸，歧管304与减压导管306流体连通。减压导管306进一步与减压传送系统308流体连通。减压治疗系统308可包括真空泵310和电子显示器312。电子显示器312可包括可由用户使用来操作减压传送系统308的控制元件314a-314n(总称为314)。此外或可选地，电子显示器312可包括使用户能够与减压传送系统308交互并操作减压传送系统308的触摸屏电子显示器316。
在健康组织302上延伸的消毒盖布208在健康组织302和消毒盖布208彼此接触的重合部分318处形成密封。如果流体渗漏在重合部分318(即，在组织部位200)处逐渐形成，则流体渗漏传感器(sensor)(未示出)可产生并传递流体渗漏信号。流体渗漏信号可指示流体参数，流体参数指示或响应于越过预定的阈值水平的流体渗漏。处理单元(未示出)可通过以可听见的和/或视觉方式产生流体渗漏警告来进行响应。例如，可产生有声信号(buzzer)、铃声、录音的消息或其它可听见的声音来警告临床医师在消毒盖布208处出现了流体渗漏。为了定位消毒盖布208处的流体渗漏，可在减压传送系统308上自动地或手动地进入流体渗漏定位模式。流体渗漏位置模式可用于使临床医师能够施加力，例如沿着消毒盖布208按压手指，例如按压在重合部分318处。当临床医师施加力时，响应于临床医师将力施加到流体渗漏的位置，减压传送系统308可产生发生变化的可听见的声音。该可听见的声音可在音调或音量上被降低，例如以使临床医师能够识别消毒盖布208上存在流体渗漏的位置。
关于图4，减压传送系统402的配置400被示为操作来将减小的压力施加到组织部位404。减压传送系统402可包括包含处理单元408的印刷电路板406。处理单元408可包括一个或更多处理器、逻辑电路(logic)、模拟部件或能够使信号被接收的任何其它电子设备，该信号包括例如组织部位处的流体压力的信息。处理单元408可处理信号所提供的信息。例如，流体渗漏信号可由处理单元408接收，且流体渗漏警告和/或流体渗漏定位过程可由处理单元408驱动。
减压传送系统402可进一步包括可由电机412驱动的泵410，例如真空泵。电机412可与PCB 406电连通，并响应于PCB 406所产生的控制信号414。泵410可流体地连接到减压导管416。减压导管416可包括作为安全阀(relief valve)来操作的口(orifice)418。与口平行的是可配置成确定穿过减压导管416的流体的流动速率的流量传感器(flow transducer)420。流量传感器420流体地连接到减压导管416，并配置成产生流动速率信号422，该流动速率信号422包括指示减压导管416内的流体的流动速率的信息。流动速率信号422可为数字的或模拟的。
泵压力传感器(pump pressure transducer)424可连接到减压导管416，以转换减压导管416中的压力，并将泵压力信号426传递到PCB 406，该泵压力信号426包括指示减压导管416内的流体压力的信息。泵压力信号426可为数字的或模拟的。泵释放阀(release valve)428也可连接到减压导管416，并配置成在紧急情况或其它情况下从减压导管416释放压力。
减压传送系统402可进一步包括与减压导管416流体连通的一个或更多过滤器430a-430n(总称为430)。过滤器430可与容器432流体连通，容器432用于从组织部位404收集流体。过滤器430可配置成阻止收集在容器432中的流体进入减压导管416。容器432可进一步与减压导管434流体连通。虽然减压导管416和434被表示为分离的导管，但减压导管416和434可为相同或不同的材料，并且具有相同或不同的尺寸。减压导管434可连接到接合器436或与接合器436流体连通，接合器436可连接到分配歧管438，以在组织部位404上均匀地分布减小的压力。在组织部位上延伸并到达包围被减小的压力治疗的组织部位404的组织442上的消毒盖布440用于形成密封，以在组织部位404处形成并维持减小的压力。
反馈的减压导管444可穿过容器432。组织释放阀446可连接到反馈减压导管444，以响应于处理单元408所产生的命令信号448而能够在组织部位404处释放压力。命令信号448可响应于处理单元408接收越过阈值水平的传感器信号例如流动速率信号422而由处理单元408产生。可选地，命令信号448可响应于临床医师通过用户界面(未示出)选择性地停止减压传送系统402而产生。其它事件，例如治疗周期结束可使处理单元产生命令信号448，以启动组织释放阀446。在另一例子中，组织压力传感器(tissue pressure transducer)450可用于转换在组织部位404处感测到的压力，并将反馈信号452提供到PCB 406上的处理单元408。响应于处理单元408确定组织压力传感器450所感测到的组织部位404处的压力在阈值之上，处理单元408可将命令信号448传递到组织释放阀446，用于释放组织压力。
电子扬声器454可与PCB 406电连通，以产生可听见的声音。如果处理单元408确定流体参数例如组织部位404处的压力或通过减压导管416的流体的流动速率越过阈值，则信号456可由PCB 406产生并传递到电子扬声器454以产生可听见的声音。例如，处理单元408可通过增长到流动速率阈值水平之上的流体速率来确定在组织部位404处存在流体渗漏。响应于确定流量传感器例如流量传感器420所感测到的流动速率水平，处理单元408可产生信号456例如警告信号，并将该警告信号传递到电子扬声器454，以通知临床医师存在问题。在另一例子中，传感器例如组织压力传感器450可感测组织部位404处的流体参数，且处理单元408可确定组织部位404处的压力降低了。然而，不是直接感测流体参数，可通过测量泵410的占空比或功率来进行间接测量，以确定近似的流体流量。处理单元408可被选择性地编程或控制为流体渗漏定位模式，以使临床医师能够通过将力施加到消毒盖布440的边缘上来定位消毒盖布440处的流体渗漏。处理单元408可产生连续或不连续的流体渗漏定位信号并驱动电子扬声器454，以使临床医师能够确定消毒盖布440处流体渗漏的位置。
虽然流体渗漏定位模式对定位消毒盖布处的流体渗漏是有帮助的，但是应理解，流体渗漏定位模式可使临床医师或技术人员能够定位减压传送系统处的流体渗漏。例如，假定渗漏出现在导管连接处或密封处，则流体渗漏定位可帮助定位这样的流体渗漏。在一个实施方式中，可设置接合器(未示出)来使减压导管模拟完全的消毒盖布密封的操作，以能够定位减压传送系统处或内的流体渗漏。
关于图5，减压传送系统500可包括配置成显示图形用户界面(GUI)504的电子显示器502。GUI 504可包括多个可选择的图形单元，包括“设置”软按钮506、“伤口类型”软按钮508、“密封检查”软按钮510和“历史”软按钮512。用户可选择这些功能中的任一个(即，设置、伤口类型、密封检查或历史)，以使减压传送系统500给用户呈现用于执行选定功能的另一图形用户界面。此外，用户可利用“退出”软按钮514来退出当前的GUI 504。应理解，GUI 504是示例性的，且可向用户提供其它和/或可选的功能和选择单元。
GUI 504上的信息区域516可包括可选择的图形单元并显示用户可能感兴趣的其它信息。例如，可显示“帮助”软按钮518，以使用户能够接收关于减压传送系统500或当前显示在GUI 504上的特定功能的帮助。“开启-关闭”软按钮520可使用户能够选择性地开启和关闭减压传送系统500，且信息522可通知用户减压治疗传送系统500的当前状态。例如，状态信息522可指示减压治疗传送系统500：(i)操作在连续的治疗模式中，(ii)开启，以及(iii)操作来提供200mmHg的减小的压力。“锁定”软按钮524可使用户能够锁定GUI 504来阻止由于与GUI 504的无意接触而造成的使减压治疗传送系统500进行响应。
关于图6A，减压传送系统500可响应于用户在图5的GUI 504上选择“密封检查”软按钮510而在电子显示器502上显示GUI 602。GUI 602可显示指示流体参数例如流体压力或流体流动速率的图形指标604，这些流体参数由减压传送系统500的传感器感测。如所示，图形指标604是具有包括低、中和高的三个水平的条形指标。图形指标604可显示根据减压传送系统500的传感器(例如，流动速率传感器或压力传感器)所感测的流体参数来增加或减小的动态部分606。动态区域606的高度可指示当前在组织部位处感测到的流体渗漏的量。虽然图形指标604可能对临床医师确定覆盖组织部位的消毒盖布处的流体渗漏的位置有帮助，但是依赖于在患者床处的减压传送系统500的布置，当临床医师试图定位消毒盖布处的流体渗漏时，他或她可能或可能不能观看到图形指标604。
为了使临床医师可更容易地定位消毒盖布处的流体渗漏，减压传送系统500可产生指示减压传送系统500的传感器所感测的流体参数的水平的可听见的声音。临床医师可选择“密封声频”软按钮608来在可听见的流体渗漏定位声音开启和关闭(即，静音和不静音)之间切换，即，使可听见的流体渗漏定位声音静音和不静音。可听见的流体渗漏定位声音可响应于被感测的流体参数的变化而改变。例如，如果组织部位处的压力响应于临床医师按压在消毒盖布上而增加，则可听见的流体渗漏定位声音可改变，以指示临床医师流体渗漏正在被密封或已被密封，因此流体渗漏被定位。可听见的流体渗漏定位声音可在频率、音量或音调上变化。可选地，可在密封检查期间产生“盖格计数器”声音，其中音速(tone speed)根据流体参数的变化而增加或降低。例如，如果临床医师相对于流体渗漏的位置是“冷的(cold)”，则盖格计数器声音可慢慢地发出嘟嘟声。当临床医师在消毒盖布的流体渗漏处或附近按压时，盖格计数器声音可接着在流体渗漏被密封时随着组织部位处的压力增加，直到当完全密封消毒盖布并达到最大压力或高于密封压力阈值水平的压力时出现连续音。在另一实施方式中，可听见的流体渗漏定位声音可为录音的消息，例如“冷”、“较热(warmer)”和“热(hot)”。在另一例子中，可产生“水滴下”声音，以表示存在流体渗漏(例如，空气渗漏)。应理解，几乎任何声音可用来指示临床医师流体渗漏存在或正在被密封，以帮助临床医师定位流体渗漏。因为人耳比人眼更敏感，因此与图形指标相比，使用可听见的声音来指示流体参数的状态可使临床医师能够更容易地确定在毒盖布处的流体渗漏的位置。如在本领域中所理解的，气体(例如空气)是在消毒盖布处渗漏的主要流体。
关于图6B，条形指标610a可显示指示流体渗漏参数(例如压力)的水平的动态区域612a。动态区域612a被示为在“低”流体渗漏水平内，并具有相应的图案(例如，稍微阴影的)或颜色(例如，绿色)。阈值水平标记614可表示可由临床医师或图6A的减压传送系统500的制造商预设的阈值水平，其中响应于流体渗漏参数越过阈值水平可产生警告或其它响应。如图6C中的条形指标610a所示，动态区域612b增加到阈值水平标记614之上，从而在一个实施方式中使警告产生以及减压传送系统500进入渗漏定位模式，以使临床医师能够定位消毒盖布处或其它地方的渗漏。动态区域612b可在图案(例如，中等阴影)或颜色(例如，黄色)上变化，以表示流体参数当前在中间范围内。如果例如流体参数增加而使动态区域612进入高范围内，则动态区域612可在图案(例如，实颜色)或颜色(例如，红色)上变化。可使用其它图形特征例如闪光或其它特征来给临床医师提供视觉信息，以使定位消毒盖布处的流体渗漏更容易。
关于图6D，时间序列616a被示为包括在时刻T0和Tn之间的时间段内的多个图形条618a-618n。图形条618a-618n指示流体参数是稳定的且处于低流体渗漏水平。然而，如图6E所示，在时刻Tn+4处的图形条618n+4增加到阈值水平620之上。
关于图6F和6G，流体渗漏速率以字母数字顺序分别显示在显示域622a和622b中。如所示，流体渗漏速率在图6F中处于表示低水平渗漏的“1”，而在图6G中处于表示较高水平渗漏的“5”。在一个实施方式中，在0-3之间的范围可表示低水平渗漏，4-6可表示中等水平渗漏，而7-10可表示高水平渗漏。渗漏的每个水平可表示相应的流动速率或压力水平，且数字可根据流体渗漏水平而改变颜色(例如，绿色、桔黄色和红色)。在可选的实施方式中，可显示字母例如“A”-“F”。
关于图6H和6I，可分别显示饼图424a和624b，其分别示出指示在组织治疗系统的操作期间的流体渗漏的渗漏水平626a和626b。一个或更多阈值水平628可被显示并用于识别流体渗漏何时超出阈值，从而使流体渗漏警告被触发。如果使用多个阈值水平，则每个阈值水平可表示不同的渗漏水平(例如低、中或高)，并可使不同的警告(可听见的和/或视觉的)被触发。根据流体渗漏速率的水平，可改变颜色或图案。此外，可听见的声音可响应于流体渗漏速率增加到阈值水平之上或降低到阈值水平之下而改变。
关于图7，提供了用于确定流体渗漏的位置的过程700。过程700在步骤702开始，其中可将减小的压力施加到组织部位。在步骤704，可感测与减小的压力相关的流体参数。流体参数可包括流体流动速率、流体压力或其它参数。在一个实施方式中，感测组织部位处的流体参数。在另一实施方式中，感测减压传送系统的减压导管中的流体参数。应理解，流体参数可由敏感到足以感测到流体参数中的变化的任何类型的传感器感测，该变化对临床医师在试图定位和密封流体渗漏时是有意义的。例如，流体流量传感器可配置成感测流体流动速率在大约0.1升/分钟和2.0升/分钟之间的变化，并具有大约0.01升/分钟的分辨率。
在步骤706，可听见的流体渗漏定位声音可响应于感测到流体参数而产生。可听见的流体渗漏定位声音可为各种不同的声音的其中之一。例如可利用具有变化的频率、音调或音量的连续音。可选地，可利用具有变化的长度或频率的离散音。然而，还可利用录音的消息、声音或其它声音。应理解，任何声音或声音的组合可用作可听见的流体渗漏定位声音。在步骤708，可听见的流体渗漏定位声音可响应于感测到流体参数发生变化而改变。改变的可听见的流体渗漏定位声音可在频率、音调、音量或其它方面变化。通过改变可听见的流体渗漏定位声音，试图定位消毒盖布处的流体渗漏的临床医师可更容易地确定流体渗漏的位置，从而使流体渗漏能够被密封。
关于图8，可执行用于确定发生在消毒盖布处的流体渗漏的位置并减小流体渗漏的过程800。过程800可在步骤802开始，其中可确定在消毒盖布处存在流体渗漏。可响应于流体参数增加到阈值水平之上或低于阈值水平而由减压传送系统产生流体渗漏警告。在步骤804，临床医师可听到可听见的声音。该可听见的声音可为可听见的流体渗漏定位声音，其响应于与被自动确定或由临床医师通过图形用户界面来选择启动密封检查所确定的流体渗漏而开始。在步骤806，临床医师可将力施加到覆盖组织部位的消毒盖布上。力可由按压在消毒盖布的周界位置处的点上的临床医师的手指施加。在步骤808，临床医师可注意听响应于将力施加到消毒盖布而产生的可听见的声音中的变化。临床医师可继续将力施加到消毒盖布上的不同位置，并注意听响应于将力施加到消毒盖布的不同位置而产生的可听见的声音中的变化，直到在步骤810可确定消毒盖布处的流体渗漏的位置为止。在步骤812，可听见的声音可指示流体渗漏已被密封。
关于图9，提供了用于定位和修正流体渗漏的示例性过程。该过程在步骤902开始，在该步骤中监控流体压力。可使用压力传感器或其它部件监控流体压力。在步骤904，进行关于是否超过压力阈值水平的确定。如果没有超过压力阈值水平，则过程返回到步骤902。如果超过压力阈值水平，则过程在步骤906继续，在该步骤中激发或另外地触发可听见的和视觉流体渗漏警告。过程在步骤908继续，在该步骤中临床医师重新设置流体渗漏警告。
在步骤910，临床医师可选择组织治疗系统的流体渗漏定位工具或功能。可在步骤912触发渗漏程度的可听见的和视觉表示，以根据在组织治疗系统中被感测到的流动速率或压力来显示流体渗漏水平或其指示。在步骤914，临床医师可使用他或她的手或手指来对准(cover)覆盖组织部位的消毒盖布处的可能的流体渗漏位置。在这个时间期间，可在步骤916进行超时判决。如果系统没有超时，则过程重复步骤914。可选地，如果系统被判决为超时，则过程在步骤918继续，在该步骤中减压治疗被中断。在步骤914之后，过程在步骤920继续，在该步骤中至少部分地封闭或另外地中止流体渗漏。在步骤922，响应于被部分地封闭的流体渗漏，流体渗漏的可听见的和视觉表示被改变以指示减少的流体渗漏。在步骤924，当临床医师能够定位消毒盖布处的流体渗漏时，他或她改正流体渗漏。在步骤926，响应于被改正的流体渗漏，可听见的和视觉表示改变以指示流体渗漏落到阈值水平之下。在步骤928，继续减压治疗。
前面的描述是用于实现本发明的优选实施方式，且本发明的范围不应必须被该描述限制。相反本发明的范围由下面的权利要求界定。

Claims (39)

1.一种用于执行组织治疗的系统，其包括：
处理单元；
减压源；
导管，其流体地连接在所述减压源和患者的组织部位之间，所述导管配置成将所述减压源所产生的减小的压力施加到组织部位；
消毒盖布，其配置成放置在组织部位上以维持组织部位处的减小的压力；
流体传感器，其与所述导管流体连通并与所述处理单元电连通，所述流体传感器配置成感测所述导管内的流体参数，并响应于感测所述流体参数而产生流体传感器信号，所述流体传感器响应于感测到所述导管内的所述流体参数发生变化而改变所述流体传感器信号；以及
扬声器，其与所述处理单元相连通，所述处理单元配置成根据感测所述导管中的流体参数的所述流体传感器而将流体渗漏定位信号传递到所述扬声器，以产生可听见的流体渗漏定位声音，所述处理单元进一步配置成响应于所述流体传感器信号被改变而改变所述流体渗漏定位信号，从而改变所述可听见的流体渗漏定位声音。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述处理单元配置成响应于接收被改变的流体传感器信号而改变所述流体渗漏定位信号的可听见的频率。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述处理单元配置成响应于接收被改变的流体传感器信号而改变所述流体渗漏定位信号的持续时间。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述处理单元配置成响应于接收被改变的流体传感器信号而改变所述流体渗漏定位信号的幅度。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述处理单元进一步配置成：
确定所述流体传感器信号越过阈值；
响应于确定所述流体传感器信号越过所述阈值而产生警告信号；以及
将所述警告信号传递到所述扬声器以产生可听见的警告信号。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其进一步包括与所述处理单元连通的电子显示器，所述处理单元配置成显示包括可选择的单元的图形用户界面，以使所述处理单元进入流体渗漏定位检测模式。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中所述处理单元进一步配置成：当处于所述流体渗漏定位检测模式时，产生指示所述流体参数和所述流体参数的变化的图形指标。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统，其进一步包括消毒盖布，所述消毒盖布配置成与患者的组织形成密封，以当所述导管与组织部位流体连通时，使所述真空泵在所述导管中形成减小的压力，所述处理单元可选择性地由操作人员配置成触发所述流体渗漏定位信号。
9.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述处理单元可选择性地配置成在所述流体渗漏定位信号的开启和关闭之间进行切换。
10.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述流体传感器是气体流量传感器。
11.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述流体传感器是压力传感器。
12.一种用于执行组织治疗的方法，其包括：
将减小的压力施加到患者的组织部位；
感测与将减小的压力施加到组织部位相关联的流体参数；
响应于感测流体参数而产生可听见的流体渗漏定位声音；以及
响应于感测到流体参数发生变化而改变可听见的流体渗漏定位声音。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中改变可听见的流体渗漏定位声音的所述步骤包括：响应于感测到改变的流体参数而改变可听见的流体渗漏定位声音的可听见的频率。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中改变可听见的流体渗漏定位声音的所述步骤包括：响应于感测到改变的流体参数而改变可听见的流体渗漏定位声音的持续时间。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中改变可听见的流体渗漏定位声音的所述步骤包括：响应于感测到改变的流体参数而改变可听见的流体渗漏定位声音的幅度。
16.如权利要求12所述的方法，其进一步包括：
确定所述流体参数越过阈值；以及
响应于确定所述流体参数越过所述阈值而产生可听见的警告信号。
17.如权利要求12所述的方法，其进一步包括：显示包括可选择的单元的图形用户界面，当所述可选择的单元被选择时，使得进入流体渗漏定位检测模式。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，其进一步包括：当处于所述流体渗漏定位检测模式时，产生指示所述流体参数和所述流体参数的变化的图形指标。
19.如权利要求12所述的方法，其进一步包括：
与患者的组织形成密封，以对组织部位形成减小的压力；以及
触发可听见的流体渗漏定位信号。
20.如权利要求12所述的方法，其进一步包括：可选择性地在流体渗漏定位信号的开启和关闭之间进行切换。
21.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中感测流体参数的所述步骤包括：感测气体流量。
22.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中感测流体参数的所述步骤包括：感测压力。
23.一种用于确定流体渗漏的方法，其用于确定减压传送系统发生在患者的组织和所述减压传送系统的消毒盖布之间的界面处的流体渗漏，所述方法包括：
确定在患者的组织部位和消毒盖布之间的界面处存在流体渗漏；
听可听见的声音；
将力施加到所述消毒盖布；
注意听响应于将力施加到所述消毒盖布而产生的所述可听见的声音中的变化；
根据所述可听见的声音中的变化，确定发生在患者的组织和所述消毒盖布之间的界面处的流体渗漏的位置；以及
减小在患者的组织和所述消毒盖布之间的界面处确定的位置处的流体渗漏。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法，其中所述流体渗漏是气体渗漏。
25.如权利要求23所述的方法，其中注意听所述可听见的声音中的变化的步骤包括：注意听所述可听见的声音的可听见的频率的变化。
26.如权利要求23所述的方法，其中注意听所述可听见的声音中的变化的步骤包括：注意听所述可听见的声音的持续时间的变化。
27.如权利要求23所述的方法，其中注意听所述可听见的声音中的变化的步骤包括：注意听所述可听见的声音的幅度的变化。
28.如权利要求23所述的方法，其中确定在界面处存在流体渗漏的步骤包括：听可听见的警告声音。
29.如权利要求23所述的方法，其中确定发生在界面处的流体渗漏的位置的步骤包括：观察图形图像以确定流体渗漏的位置，所述图形图像指示响应于将力施加到所述消毒盖布而产生的流体渗漏变化。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法，其中注视图形图像的步骤包括：注视所述图形图像改变至少一个图形特征。
31.一种用于确定流体渗漏的方法，其用于确定减压传送系统发生在患者的组织和所述减压传送系统的消毒盖布之间的界面处的流体渗漏，所述方法包括：
确定在患者的组织部位和消毒盖布之间的界面处存在流体渗漏；
听可听见的声音；
将力施加到所述消毒盖布的第一区域；
注意听响应于将力施加到所述消毒盖布的第一区域而产生的所述可听见的声音中的变化；
如果所述可听见的声音响应于将力施加到所述消毒盖布的第一区域而产生变化，则修正所述消毒盖布的第一区域以减小流体渗漏；
否则，将力施加到所述消毒盖布的第二区域；
注意听响应于将力施加到所述消毒盖布的第二区域而产生的所述可听见的声音中的变化；以及
如果所述可听见的声音响应于将力施加到所述消毒盖布的第二区域而产生变化，则修正所述消毒盖布的第二区域以减小流体渗漏。
32.如权利要求31所述的方法，其中所述流体渗漏是气体渗漏。
33.如权利要求31所述的方法，其进一步包括：
确定所述可听见的声音没有响应于将力施加到所述消毒盖布的第二区域而产生变化；
将力施加到所述消毒盖布的至少一个不同的区域，直到所述可听见的声音产生变化为止；以及
响应于听到所述可听见的声音产生变化，修正所述消毒盖布的被施加了力的至少一个区域，以减小流体渗漏。
34.如权利要求31所述的方法，其中注意听所述可听见的声音中的变化的步骤包括：注意听所述可听见的声音的可听见的频率的变化。
35.如权利要求31所述的方法，其中注意听所述可听见的声音中的变化的步骤包括：注意听所述可听见的声音的持续时间的变化。
36.如权利要求31所述的方法，其中注意听所述可听见的声音中的变化的步骤包括：注意听所述可听见的声音的幅度的变化。
37.如权利要求31所述的方法，其中确定在界面处存在流体渗漏的步骤包括：听可听见的警告声音。
38.如权利要求31所述的方法，其中确定发生在界面处的流体渗漏的位置的步骤包括：观察图形图像，以确定流体渗漏的位置，所述图形图像指示响应于将力施加到所述消毒盖布而产生的流体渗漏变化。
39.如权利要求38所述的方法，其中观察图形图像的所述步骤包括：观察所述图形图像改变至少一个图形特征。
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