CN101520553B - Shaped non-corrective eyewear lenses and methods for providing same - Google Patents

Shaped non-corrective eyewear lenses and methods for providing same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN101520553B
CN101520553B CN2009100021079A CN200910002107A CN101520553B CN 101520553 B CN101520553 B CN 101520553B CN 2009100021079 A CN2009100021079 A CN 2009100021079A CN 200910002107 A CN200910002107 A CN 200910002107A CN 101520553 B CN101520553 B CN 101520553B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
eyeglass
lens unit
curvature
optical
lens
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN2009100021079A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN101520553A (en
Inventor
科林·佩洛特
金姆·A·斯托克曼
安东尼·D·米勒
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Zeiss Vision Australia Holdings Ltd
Original Assignee
Carl Zeiss Vision Australia Holdings Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/873,214 external-priority patent/US7134752B2/en
Application filed by Carl Zeiss Vision Australia Holdings Ltd filed Critical Carl Zeiss Vision Australia Holdings Ltd
Publication of CN101520553A publication Critical patent/CN101520553A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN101520553B publication Critical patent/CN101520553B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Abstract

The disclosure relates to shaped ophthalmic lenses and methods for providing such lenses, including non-powered lenses having non-quadratic surfaces of complementary curvature. Such lenses may have a curvature maximum away from an axis of symmetry and a substantially constant wall thickness. Equations describing and methods of designing such lenses are disclosed including embodiments where two spheres of substantially different curvature are merged in accordance with a weighting function, and adjusted using merit functions.

Description

The non-corrective eyewear eyeglass that is shaped and the method for this kind eyeglass is provided
The application is based on that application number is 200480041156.9, the applying date is on Dec 2nd, 2004, denomination of invention is divided an application for the patented claim of " the non-corrective eyewear eyeglass of shaping and the method for this kind eyeglass is provided ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical mirror slip and eyeglass semi-manufacture, be used for non-corrective eyewear, comprise sunglasses, sports goggles, safety glasses, protective glasses and sunshade safety goggles.
Background technology
Well-known in the prior art, make the glasses of non-rectification, all if any the sunglasses of wrapping up in the face part or safety goggles, this wraps up in the face part is for the protection eyes, avoids light, wind and the foreign body of incident in wearer's temples visual field to design.This type safety goggles can along continuous straight runs around the eye socket bending, " wrapping up in face " also seals eyes, until leave 100 ° of sight lines.Eyeglass inside below district is towards the vertical profile of cheek, with how to obtain this effect relevant, differently be called " whole perk formula (pantoscopic tilt) " or " holding together face (rake) ".Eyeglass can be designed to fit in a pair of lens frame, and perhaps, eyeglass can be whole protective cover pattern.Wrap up in face and/or hold together face and set up the pleasing safety goggles that makes the wearer comfortable aesthetically, but also introduce optical distortion, the accurate vision work of wearer is brought difficulty.To wrap up in face and hold together the leakproofness that face provides in order to improve, adopted various format surfaces and layout.Though some layouts can realize accurate imaging on the positive sight line of wearer far field vision, between lens light axis and positive sight line, lack Space Consistency when wearing, thereby introduce intrinsic inclination refraction error.Prior art is early stage in 20th century, adopts the sphere and the oval double design of approximately constant thickness, thus there is not optical axis, but these designs have negative focal power, and when the center of curvature does not drop on the positive sight line, show the basic refraction and the distortion of prism.For obtaining the function of two lens safety goggles, this kind eyeglass must have unusual high fundamental curve (~16 to 21D), puts on this kind eyeglass with one heart so that can be similar to the motion of wearer's eyes.Perhaps, whole eyeglass should have the fundamental curve of low D value, makes the positive sight line of eyes, and the offset distance between the optical axis in wearer's mid-plane, is far smaller than the vertex radius of sweep, for example, arrives in the 2D scope 1.Most of safety goggles uses the fundamental curve between these conditions.
The prior art that Rayton proposed before 75 years (United States Patent (USP) 1,741,536), nominally attempt to make the eyeglass of zero focal power outside and/or tilting downwards, and lens optical center and the positive sight line of wearer are alignd, wrap up in face and/or hold together the face effect with acquisition.This method is abandoned owing to there is the prism distortion in the wearing position.More the technology in modern age to paired low negative eyeglass, is instructed a kind of method that overcomes this prismatic error.Reichow and Citek are at their United States Patent (USP) 6,129, open in 435 (U.S.Patent 6,129,435), by making the eyeglass geometric center inwardly and/or to outer displacement, can obtain apparent wrapping up in face and/or hold together face, by rotating eyeglass, settling in the optical axis direction and/or upwards around the lens front surface center of curvature, the prismatic error that causes when correction is worn, and do not change the physical appearance of eyeglass.But, negative focal power error is still arranged on positive sight line.Can prove that to paired low positive eyeglass, one group of opposite rotation can be proofreaied and correct the prismatic error when wearing.Yet the assembling of most of non-corrective eyewear is according to Prentice ' s Rule (1888), and this is the analysis that is similar to, and it is predicted with respect to the optical prism on the sight line of eccentricity of glasses lens, and the linear relationship between the focal power of summit behind this eyeglass.Prevailing is that the design eyeglass makes it provide zero back summit focal power.Positive sight line when their optical axis and wearer wear, lateral shift mutually when needed, keeping parallelism between them simultaneously.This layout is shown in Figure 1A, and straight line 2-2 ' is positive sight line, and 1-1 ' is the optical axis of displacement.
Rayton is at United States Patent (USP) 1,741, in 536 (U.S.Patent 1,741,536) and Jannard at United States Patent (USP) 4,674, in 851 and 4,859,048 (U.S.Patent 4,674, and 851and 4,859,048), cylindrical eyeglass is disclosed.Jannard (U.S.Patent 4,867,550) and Burn (U.S.Patent 4,741,611) illustrate the annular eyeglass.The whole safety goggles that Montesi and King (U.S.Patent 4,271,538) and Conway (U.S.Patent 5,555,038) illustrate has left and right spheric glass part, their optical axis when wearing from positive sight line to the displacement of nose direction.People such as Houston (U.S.Patent 5,648,832,5,689,323 and 6,010,218) illustrate along level and the perpendicular both direction spheric glass centrifugal with respect to positive sight line.The eyeglass of the integral body that people such as Fecteau (U.S.Patent 5,825,455,6,019,469 and 6,254,236) illustrate, by ellipse, para-curve or hyperbolic curve, the surface that leans around the horizontal rotational shaft formation of nearly wearer's eyes constitutes.The eyeglass of the integral body that Davis and Waido (U.S.Patent 5,604,547) illustrate, its surface are the parabolas that forms the side parcel in the LHA bending, at wearer's blinkpunkt in addition.They also illustrate the sunglasses or the eye protection mirror of whole style, and its eyeglass has oblate inside and outside surface.Also there is maximum surperficial astigmatism district on the surface that they discuss on lens surface.Tackles (U.S.Patent5,774,201) two kinds of eyeglasses of Integrated lens style and two lens style are described, wherein the arc of horizon of eyeglass section has center section and side end, this side end is with respect to the sweep of center section, the sweep that tightens up is gradually arranged, and the oval part with 0.1 to 0.85 scope excentricity is consistent basically.Vertical sweep can be got the form of any needs.
In order to make spheric glass that zero back summit focal power, its preceding and back radius R be arranged 1And R 2, by R 1-R 2=t (n-1)/n association, t is a center of lens thickness here, and n is the material refractive index.This concerns regulation, and the slide calliper rule thickness of eyeglass (caliper thickness) (perpendicular to each surface measurement) has maximal value at center of lens, leaves lens light axis attenuation gradually then, and this is the fact that ophthalmic optics is known already.For example, the eyeglass of Rayton explanation has and leaves the lens light axis wall thickness of attenuation gradually.Conway notices, from the outside eyeglass of attenuation gradually of point of maximum thickness (optical centre), on 20 ° of eyes pan angles, zero focal power and low prism imbalance are usually arranged, and similar constant wall thickness eyeglass then there are negative focal power and relative higher prism imbalance.Other people comprise people such as Montesi, Jannard, Tackles and Houston, especially at being the non-corrected lens of feature with attenuation thickness gradually, make claim.
In obviously opposite viewpoint, the non-rectification Integrated lens that what is claimed is " whole basically uniform thickness " of Davis and Waido.They claim that the purpose of research and development is " provide all uniform thickness relatively, do not sacrifice the improved sunglasses and the safety goggles of optical property ".Specifically, design objective is in the outside curve district, the unwanted attenuate of corrective lens, and avoid making any needs of unnecessarily heavy eyeglass.By analysis be disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 5,604, each these design in 547, and have been found that corresponding eyeglass have from optical centre and traverse the thickness of the visual field to the attenuation gradually of outside curve, in this district, the eyeglass wall thickens partly.In same district, there is thing followed negative refraction error.Therefore, the content of this patent disclosure and existing knowledge contradiction not.
The design of non-corrected lens by being absorbed in of the far field visual quality of this industry in staring forward, is greatly simplified.Optic test is implemented with the telescope of aiming at geometrical axis usually, estimates optical devices on the positive sight line when wearing.To the very important inclination refraction error of ophthalmic lens design, in the analysis of non-corrected lens, usually be left in the basket.Industrial standard is only quoted the tolerance of " wearing " locational refraction error and prismatic error usually.See the following form 1.
Figure G2009100021079D00041
Table 1.When non-corrected lens is worn, some indexs of positive sight line refraction error and prismatic error.
Relevant with center of lens thickness with fundamental curve, material, these tolerances allow that significantly different lens features is arranged in inclination visual fields.The layout of prior art described above and device all cause the place that places the space not overlap with positive sight line to lens light axis.These two vectors can intersect in some planes, and they can be strict parallel, and perhaps they can oblique.All these layouts cause aberration to simple thing field, and rotation is asymmetric to these aberrations to monocular, and the droop error amplitude that stands is increased.The aberration field that it also makes wearer's images of left and right eyes stand minute surface, the moving binocular parallax of introducing of offside transhipment.These all are the basic optical requirements in the vision of far field, and this parallax is the distinct disadvantage of current design.On the other hand, ophthalmic lens is to be placed on before the eyes as a rule, makes optical axis critically identical with positive sight line.The design of inclined field, basically to monocular rotation symmetry, and in side commentaries on classics and gather scattered sport, do not have binocular parallax basically, unless the scheme requirement.
Therefore, what extremely need is the design of method and apparatus, by these method and apparatus, the non-corrected lens of aesthetic pleasing and useful shape, with the profile of the applying shape of face, be presented on before the wearer, realize: the positive sight line substantial alignment of lens light axis and wearer, perhaps: rotation is symmetrical to monocular in the visual field, and preferably: both can both realize.Known state of the art situation should expect to satisfy the eyeglass of our purpose, shows uncommon physical features, and is special on the stickiness on their surfaces.The embodiment of pair of lenses of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2.
People such as Reshef illustrate the crooked very terrible non-rectification protective glasses that gets, and it has the thickness (U.S.Patent5,094,520) of spherical surface (radius is below 35mm) and attenuation gradually.The applicant has has also researched and developed eyeglass, Sunglasses lenses sun clips and the safety goggles of novel solution, and they are feature with rapid curved surface (~16 to 18D), and this rapid curved surface is near sphere and concentric with the centre of form of eyes rotation.These purposes have detailed description in the U.S.Patent 6,142,624 of Sola Internatonal, this paper includes the whole disclosed contents of this patent, and is for reference.This type eyeglass is deviate basically, the lens shape of relatively flat.But the profile of this eyeglass is based on the common sphere reference surface that has adopted, and their optical properties in inclined field, is responsive to the lens position error.
Sola Internatonal has has researched and developed the improved aspheric surface scheme eyeglass that is used to wrap up in the face frame, and as the U.S.Patent 6,361 at them, described in 166, this paper includes the whole disclosed contents of this patent, and is for reference.Sola Internatonal has has researched and developed other novel optical mirror slips, is suitable for wrapping up in the safety goggles of face or protection.These eyeglasses illustrate that in the U.S.Patent 6,334,681 and 6,454,408 that authorizes SolaInternatonal this paper includes the whole disclosed contents of these patents, and is for reference.Guard shield, the shading mirror of the closely close scheme of these application explanations, or the sunglasses of two lens scheme, the acquisition of their physical form, be by forcing Rx eyeglass sweep, in the visual field localized variation takes place forward the wearer particularly, so that (secondary) circular conical surface form that significantly departs from regular practice, also by the level of eyeglass with vertically between the meridian the significant shape of employing asymmetric.But these format surfaces lack complete comprehensive definition, from wearer's viewpoint, bring difficulty for optimization eyeglass outward appearance and wide visual field function.Being configured on the mathematics of lens surface is complicated, even to simple axisymmetric eyeglass is arranged.Also have, watch attentively the wearer on the limit of field, the inclination optical parallax of formation may more not complied with one's wishes than those optical parallaxs of more classical structure, and these more classical structures are meant the normalized optical surface according to quadratic form, and the aspheric surface that is with or without the surface is proofreaied and correct. Technical terms
Some technical terms and the descriptor that use during the present invention discusses below perhaps have special implication in this article, or not familiar in the non-corrected lens design field.For distinct and understand for the purpose of, we enumerate those terms that this paper uses below and their implication.Mathematical term and implication are deferred to CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics, by E.W.Weisstein, Chapman ﹠amp; Hall, New York 1999.Mathematical term and principle, defer to Optical Society of America Handbook of Optics, Volume I, Part 1, M.Bass (Ed), Second Edition, McGraw Hill, New York 1995, or ThePrinciples of Ophthalmic Lenses, M.Jalie, Fourth Edition, London1994.
Term " optical mirror slip unit ", in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, be meant completed optics or eyeglass, need to cut edge and fit into the eyeglass semi-manufacture of frame assembly or for left and right eyeglass being provided and being fit to finally the printing opacity article that one optical unit or guard shield as non-corrective eyewear form.
Term " the monocular visual field (monocular field of view) " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, is meant that human eye can receive from the wearer front and the solid angle part of identification picture.It is generally acknowledged that temples (temporally) can expand to about 90 °, and nose can reach 60 °, more inferior is 70 °, and better is 50 °, depends on size, duration, and the color of individual's shape of face structure, illumination and stimulus.
Term " binocular field of view (binocular field of view) " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, is meant the overlay region in a left side and the right monocular visual field, is separated from the center by wearer's central plane.
Term " side transhipment moving (version movement) " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, is meant the tracking of binocular in the object plane, and wherein two eyes are done same moving along equidirectional.
Term " gather scattered sport (vergence movement) " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, is meant the tracking of binocular on observer's different distance, and wherein two eyes are done same motion in opposite direction.
Term " is watched (a visual fixation field) attentively ", in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, be meant the district of some set definition on the lens surface, these points are when the wearer watches the object of central plane attentively, the point that his or her sight line and lens surface intersect.This visual field follows eyes to rotate about 40 to 50 ° usually.
Term " vision periphery (peripheral field of vision) ", in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, be meant the district of some set definition on the lens surface, these points are when the wearer generally watches object in the positive sight line attentively, enter the light of his or she pupil and the point that lens surface intersects.Eyes are normally static, only show little rotation.
Term " canonical form of secondary ", in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, be meant any that belongs to 17 kinds of common standard form two subsurfaces, its object lesson is as at CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics, by E.W.Weisstein, Chapman ﹠amp; Hall, New York 1999 illustrates in p.1485.
Term " the normalized optical surface of quadratic form ", in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, be meant any biconvex or the plano-convex surface of circular cone, cylinder, ball, spheroid or a quadric surface part, above-mentioned curved surface belongs to the generation family of ellipsoid or annulus, this ellipsoid or annulus are pivoted by common circular cone arc and form, this axle can be a certain normal to a surface, or is parallel to and leaves the line of a certain surperficial tangent line.This surface all is continuous at least to the 3rd order derivative, and at least one is had clear and definite symmetry with reference to normal vector.
Term " axis of symmetry " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, is meant normal vector, and this surperficial leaf has reflection symmetry at least with respect to this normal vector, and the sagitta of arc center of curvature of respective surface unit, is positioned on this normal vector.
Term " summit (vertex) " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, is meant the intersection point of surface and its axis of symmetry.Term " point (apex) ", the top point of lens surface when we represent to wear with it.
Term " optical axis " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, is meant the axle at the sagitta of arc center of curvature place on two surfaces.It forms when the axis of symmetry conllinear.The leaf on surface is usually with cylindrical coordinates (r,, z) definition, and origin is the summit on surface here, and optical axis is an Oz, and radial distance r be on the surface by the tangent plane of surface vertices, promptly measure in " plane, summit ".To this surperficial orientation distance z (r), also claim surface " curved down " from the plane, summit.According to eyeglass of the present invention, preferably be worn over the wearer front, so that lens light axis overlaps in the vision of far field basically with wearer's positive sight line.
Term " optical centre " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, is meant the point that optical axis and lens front surface intersect.In fact it can be used as the position of the zero optical prism of eyeglass determines, simultaneously, the orientation of optical axis can be by finding at the normal vector on the tangent plane in this location recognition and surface.
Term " sagitta of arc center of curvature " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, is meant the spin curvature center of surperficial inclination angle definition in arbitrary meridian.It is positioned at the depression in the surface side, and the distance from the summit is provided by following formula R = z + r z ′ Here z ′ ≡ ∂ z ∂ r
Term " normalized optical reference surface " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, is meant two subsurfaces, if the aspheric surface correction term is arranged, in being also included within, this surface is feature with tangential and sagittal surface curvature with the monotone variation of leaving axis of symmetry, does not have local maximum or minimum.
Term " with departing from significantly of normalized optical reference surface ", in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, be meant secondary and the surface of high order component more, if the aspheric surface correction term is arranged, in being also included within, whole surface is with along at least one meridianal obliquity, and to present a maximum value be feature for tangential curvature or mean curvature at least.
Term " aspect surface curvature with quadratic form normalized optical reference surface depart from significantly ", in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, be meant the tangential curvature and/or the sagitta of arc curvature of each surface cell, the difference that at first presents increase when leaving axis of symmetry is left the difference that axis of symmetry presents decline when farther then.
Term " aspect the surperficial astigmatism with the departing from significantly of normalized optical surface ", in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, be meant tangential and sagittal surface curvature departs from sufficiently greatly so that introduce bigger optics astigmatism to lens surface and distort.
Term " static prism (static prism) " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, is meant as the wearer and watches object in the straightforward position forward and eyes attentively when motionless, can feel the prism component of the sampling light that enters his or she pupil.This prism is relevant with peripheral vision usually.
Term " rotating prism " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, is meant when the wearer rotates eyes, can feel along the prism component of the sampling light of his or she sight line.This prism is relevant with the eyes rotation of about 40 to 50 degree usually.
Term " sagitta of arc degree of depth " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, be meant the surperficial section on the preceding summit of eyeglass, and front surface is near the distance between the temples marginal point.Term " sagitta of arc degree of depth poor ", we refer to front surface near the sagitta of arc degree of depth on the temples marginal point with it, and front surface poor near between the nose edge point.
Term " on average by focal power (mean through power) " is along the focal power of passing through in the principal meridian of given sight line, and along average by focal power in another principal meridian of this sight line." average light focal power error " is to compare with the refraction correction of needs (MPE), along the arithmetic mean of eyeglass in the principal meridian of given sight line by the focal power actual error." RMS focal power error " is to compare with the refraction correction of needs (RMSPE), along actual eyeglass in the principal meridian of given sight line by the root-mean-square error of focal power.Term " basically zero on average pass through focal power ", in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, be meant on average and watch attentively in the field the wearer by focal power, at-0.50D to+0.125D scope, preferably-0.30D is to+0.05D, more preferably at ± 0.09D, and the most preferably at ± 0.05D.
Term " surperficial Q value " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, is meant that curve or surface can be described as the measurement of the degree of secondary.To curve, it is determined by single order and second derivative along length of curve.To the surface, it is to be determined by tangential curvature and sagitta of arc curvature, or is determined by radius-of-curvature.
Term " excentricity " and " form factor " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, are meant that the circular cone section deviates from the canonical measure of the degree of desirable circle cross section.
According to the term " surface curve " of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, be meant plane curve, this plane curve has: axis of symmetry; The relative high curvature of the curvature that core is low relatively with side end; Curvature local maximum on the centre position between core and the side end, and also have feature to be, normal to a curve vector be in relative two districts of its maximum tangential curvature, reciprocally on angle to the other side's deflection.
Term " closely surface (osculating surface) " in the style of writing that matches with the application's specific embodiment, is meant a pair of surface, and is tangent jointly each other on closed curve that their intersect.There is equal sagitta of arc curvature on these two surfaces on their intersection.
Summary of the invention
Today, great majority that correct with eyeglass non-rectification, be to set up with a pair of quadratic form surface, their geometric figure is by some mode, from the figure derivation of circle or rotation of circular cone section or translation.In single vision lens design field, to traverse the wearer and watch attentively and significantly depart from the use on the surface of standard quadratic form, experience is considerably less.Even the experience of this respect is arranged, still lack comprehensive method for designing, so that the format surface that needs can be set up by this method.Therefore, if provide traverse the eyeglass aperture depart from standard quadratic form surface basically wrap up in the shape of face non-corrective eyewear, and near level parcel (eyebrow) and vertically hold together aspect the face two, the selection style that wide region can be arranged, cause wearer's interest, this will be the marked improvement of this area the biglyyest.If eyeglass can be on whole visual fields, if necessary, to the visual field periphery, be equal to the optical property of quadratic form eyeglass from the center, visual field, this will be a more obvious improvement of this area.
Another target of the present invention is to overcome, or alleviates the error that the non-standard surface of prior art is watched attentively in the field and occurred in surrounding visual field in inclination at least.The target that the present invention also has provides the superior optical property as measuring with merit function; Simplify the mathematic(al) structure on surface; Provide the necessary surface of this improved inclination optical property to adjust with making, become easier. The imagery of surface curve
The non-rectification surface of prior art generally is by around the axis of symmetry of circular cone or wind axle perpendicular to this axis of symmetry, the protruding shape that the rotating cone section is set up, or very approaching with it shape.To the form of cylinder, circular cone and annulus eyeglass, the location of turning axle is perpendicular to the wearer.To the surface is the eyeglass turning axle of elliptical area, parabola, hyperboloid and sphere, can be level, the positive sight line in the time of also can being parallel to the wearer and wearing.The circular cone section is to imagine easily, belongs to the form range that right circuit cone and Plane intersects form.
Current interested surface is to be produced by the curve that does not belong to above-mentioned any kind of.Except that few specific example, they can not be by the mathematical form classification of strictness.But their general characteristic is to imagine easily.Shown in Fig. 2 B is the skeleton view of cylinder dome, and the cylinder dome is round in the symmetrical bottom surface of middle discontinuity surface, and the mesozone of smooth basically vertical section is arranged.Plane and dome to the bottom surface deflection intersect the intersection curve that produces, and are subjected to the vertical sweep of dome and intersect influencing strongly of height.These curves have axis of symmetry 3-3 ', and shape is shown in the collection of curves (a) of Fig. 2 B.They must have the non-quadratic form that is different from elliptical shape on the feature, will find ellipse with the right circular cylinder oblique, for example shown in the collection of curves (c) of Fig. 2 B.According to embodiments of the invention, be to utilize these curves and other similar features, rather than the circular cone section, produce lens surface.
The optical surface of departure from these rules form, use surface elevation with respect to the plane, summit, Taylor series expansion by the radial distance item that leaves the summit is described, so, aspheric surface can be used as sphere and with the departing from of sphere, handle as usual, this sphere the summit with should aspheric curvature mate, but not the aspheric surface of circular cone, can be used as the circular cone of summit coupling and with the deviation processing of circular cone.For example see, Optical Society of America Handbook of Optics, Volume I, Part 1, M. Bass (Ed), Second Edition, McGraw Hill, NewYork 1995 is p.1.39.Here suppose that deviation is little, and, be common circle or common circular cone along the surface elevation curve that surperficial meridian occurs.This feature of surface curve can be by the variation of physics curve and the variation test of curve involute urve, and the curve involute urve is the track along the tangential curvature center of physics curved unit.
The involute urve of circle is that curvature is unique more supercentral.Defer to following equational ellipse x 2 a 2 + ( y - b ) 2 b 2 = 1 The Lam é curve involute urve (ax) that is called as " hypocycloid " is arranged 2/3+ (b (y-b)) 2/3=c 4/3Here c ≡ a 2 - b 2 ≡ ae With p ≡ ( a b ) 2 There are the ellipse of form factor p=4 (eccentric ratio e=0.87) and its involute urve in Fig. 2 B, to draw with curve (c) with (cc).Notice that hypocycloid has four cusps, and to the minor axis and the major axis symmetry of ellipse.
The involute urve of any curve can be determined by the trajectory analysis at tangential curvature center, involute urve to the motor point (x, coordinate y) be (X, Y), X=x-{1+ (y ') here 2Y '/y " and Y=y+{1+ (y ') 2}/y "
Therefore we find, the curve of Fig. 2 B (a) is just like the involute urve shown in (aa).If the part of circle and its osculating circle merge, as the curve (b) of Fig. 2 B, then its involute urve is got the form of curve (bb).This is the irregular hypocycloid that the dentation summit is arranged on the surface curve minor axis, approaches the LHA of circle corresponding to curve.A pair of horizontal arrangement cusp is right, and is corresponding with the maximum value position of tangential curvature, as they situations at ellipse.But the appearance of this situation does not need the formation on summit, then is essential to ellipse, because the curve inclination angle keeps limited in higher curvature district, and normal vector is to minor axis deflection rather than vertical (that is φ<pi/2) with it.See Fig. 2 C and 2D.
Show surperficial embodiment of the present invention of illustrating among the 4C below, an expansion area is arranged, representative table surface curve wherein, the approximate circular cone that maximum tangential curvature outside area is arranged.Surface curve and its involute urve draw in Fig. 2 C (b).Involute shape, i.e. the curve 1 of Fig. 2 C (c), in inner area very near oval involute urve, i.e. the curve 2 of Fig. 2 C (c), a=34.5mm here, b=9.25mm.This fact shows, surface curve to the tangential curvature maximal value, generally is oval from its center, form factor p=13.9, eccentric ratio e=0.963.Ellipse of Dao Chuing and physics curve are closely to mate in this aperture like this.See Fig. 2 C (a).
The inner so high excentricity value of surface curve obtains from mentality of designing, and this mentality of designing makes curvature center on the summit slowly to change, then outside curve is applied rate of change fast.This phenomenon is not that vertex curvature self is distinctive.High excentricity ellipse have a>>b, and can liken it to the expansion circular arc in unexpected and shallow outside curve district.According to the different surfaces of the embodiment of the invention, describe as below table 3A, be to make up with a pair of 2 rank and 4 rank multinomial coefficients.It has very unexpected outside curve sudden change, and this sudden change begins with size a=10.95mm and b=0.28mm, corresponding to eccentric ratio e=0.9997 (or p=1530).Its feature is drawn at Fig. 2 D.The use of high eccentricity curve like this is unpractical, unless adopt some measure, prevent surface curve on little distance from frontal plane to inside turn.Our method makes curve in the side end district, twist from ellipse to inverted position turn.
Therefore, in aspect of one embodiment of the invention, provide the eyeglass of inboard and outside nonreentrant surface, certain thickness is arranged therebetween, wherein, the section on one of described at least surface has crooked form along a horizontal meridian at least, makes this sectional curve: have core and with the separated side end of central part, an axis of symmetry is arranged; Curvature divide from central division to side end increase and; There is the maximal value of curvature centre between core and side end.
In aspect comparatively desirable one: curve is in the shape of center, near oval and; Curve is in the side end district, twist from ellipse to inverted position turn.
In aspect preferable one, the involute urve in center of curve district, near with excentricity oval corresponding greater than about e=0.95 (the about p=10 of form factor); The involute urve of curve has the corresponding horizontal cusp in a pair of and maximum tangential curvature district, normal vector from curve to described cusp, with the minor axis deflection of non-90 ° angle to curve, with the involute urve of curve, be feature with the take-off point that extends from the minor axis of horizontal shift cusp on the recessed side of curve near side end.
Preferably, the normal vector of curve on the highest tangential curvature opposite location, with less than the angle of φ=75 degree to the axis of symmetry deflection, more preferably less than 60 degree, and the most preferably less than 45 degree.In aspect more desirable one, the involute urve in center of curve district, approximate corresponding to about e=0.96 of excentricity (the about p=14 of form factor) or bigger ellipse are arranged. Disclosed embodiment's is many-sided
According to the convex lens sheet surface of one embodiment of the invention, can produce around they self axis of symmetry rotation by the symmetrical arc of above-mentioned general type, or wind perpendicular to curve axis of symmetry and the coplane axle rotation that is positioned at the surface cell rear portion and produce.In another kind was arranged, the horizontal meridian of lens surface can be the surface curve according to the embodiment of the invention, and vertically curve can have any suitable form.
In the second aspect of one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of optical mirror slip unit, include the first surface of axis of symmetry; Second surface with the complementary curvature that axis of symmetry is arranged; At least one surface shows and the departing from significantly of quadratic form normalized optical reference surface in surface curvature and surperficial astigmatism; Partly departing from of the surperficial astigmatism that begins of the summit on the eyeglass aperture, usually traverse whole surface and extend, and on lens surface, form the annulus of maximum surperficial astigmatism; With the first and second surface combinations, define optical centre, optical axis and show zero average optics band basically by focal power.
According to the lens surface of the current embodiment of the present invention, preferably by the surface tangential and sagitta of arc curvature along laterally convergence design so that within the surrounding zone, eyeglass aperture or near the surface on, define a umbilical ring.Preferable is that the tangential focal power in surface is generally traversed the eyeglass aperture and is higher than sagitta of arc curvature, and lens surface is the oblate spheroid shape.The average light focal power of lens surface can change 1.0D in 40 ° of field angle, preferably can change 3.0D, more preferably, can change 5.0D in 50 ° of field angle, and the most preferably, can change 6.0D in 50 ° of field angle.
Preferably, watch attentively within the field or the wearer and to watch a border attentively, the angled section of maximum astigmatism is arranged near the wearer.More preferably, surperficial astigmatism drops to zero in the surrounding zone in eyeglass aperture.The astigmatism of lens surface can change 1.0D, preferably changes 3.0D in 40 ° of field angle, more preferably changes 5.0D in 50 ° of field angle, and the most preferably changes 6.0D in 50 ° of field angle.Because tangential and sagittal surface curvature converge to the umbilical ring, so surperficial astigmatism will descend in surrounding zone, eyeglass aperture near the periphery of eyeglass aperture.Preferably, surperficial astigmatism on 75 ° of field angle less than 3.0D, more preferably on 75 ° of field angle less than 2.0D, and the most preferably less than 1.0D.
Preferably,, will present the sagitta of arc degree of depth of 10mm at least according to the eyeglass of the current embodiment of the present invention, 15mm more preferably, and the most preferably be 20mm on radial distance 40mm.Preferably, according to eyeglass of the present invention, the whole of sealing wearer watched the field attentively, more preferably, and at least facing to the field angle of 60 ° of relative eyes rotation centers, and the most preferably 70 to 75 ° of scopes.
Correspondingly, in the third aspect of one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of optical mirror slip, include the first surface of axis of symmetry; Second surface with the complementary curvature that axis of symmetry is arranged; At least one surface shows and significantly the departing from of quadratic form normalized optical reference surface in surface curvature and surperficial astigmatism; The surperficial astigmatism that begins of summit on the eyeglass aperture departs from partly, usually traverse whole surface and extend, by being positioned at the maximum value on the lens surface obliquely, and form the external belt of low surperficial astigmatism in lens periphery, lens surface around lens periphery approximate be umbilical and; The first and second surface combinations define optical axis and show zero average optics band by focal power basically.
Obviously, according to optical mirror slip of the present invention, allow to use with respect to the standard ophthalmic lens is the surface of complete radial shape, make the eyeglass of non-rectification, but the present invention still provides a kind of eyeglass body, and the average focal power of passing through of this eyeglass body is in normal ophthalmology standard, watching a border from optical axis attentively to favouring, is constant relatively.This departure surface can show significant optical distortion, for example on the major part in eyeglass aperture, the surperficial astigmatism of high level is arranged.But refraction average light focal power, RMS focal power and astigmatism error in normal ophthalmology standard, are watched a border from optical axis attentively to favouring, and remain little.
We have found that when optimization was subjected to the optical property of non-corrected lens of format surface described herein restriction, in approximate watching attentively in the corresponding aperture when wearing, lens thickness showed the sign that does not have attenuation gradually or thickening.The appearance of this phenomenon is different with the expectation of quadratic form surface, does not follow the development of negative refraction focal power error or the prismatic error of expansion.For example see people (U.S.Patent 5,648,832,5,689,323 and 6,010,218) and Conway (U.S.Patent 5,555,038) such as Houston.These eyeglasses traverse the optical parallax that 50 ° of field angle show, and are lower than the real spherical eyeglass that outer ledge has the sagitta of arc degree of depth of equal value really.Lens thickness has shallow minimal value usually on optical axis, this shallow minimal value slightly deepens at inclined field, and is maintained until and watches field edge or in addition attentively, then in the attenuation gradually of lens periphery district.
In aspect another of the embodiment of the invention, provide a pair of in wrapping up in the shape of face frame or the non-corrected lens in the structure, can accurately be worn over the wearer front to eyeglass, positive sight line is overlapped with corresponding lens light axis basically, eyeglass relies on its physical form and the sagitta of arc degree of depth and the applying shape of face and sealing visual field at least forward, wherein, the feature of each eyeglass is as follows: first lens surface that axis of symmetry is arranged; With second lens surface that complementary curvature and axis of symmetry are arranged; At least one surface shows with quadratic form normalized optical reference surface and departs from significantly in surface elevation; Partly departing from of the surface elevation that begins of the summit on the eyeglass aperture, usually traverse whole surface and extend; The external belt that the surface of departing from shows the angled section of high astigmatism and alternatively hang down surperficial astigmatism in periphery, around this periphery, surface region is approximate umbilical; The first and second surface combinations, definition optical axis and optics band, in this optics band, when the lens thickness substantial constant is traversed and is worn (constant unfertile land is kept) near watching a corresponding aperture attentively; When wearing on positive sight line not significant refraction or prismatic error and; When eyes cross when watching rotation attentively and entering visual field peripheral, inclination refractive optical power error remains little and symmetrical.
Preferably, inclination refractive optical power sum of errors prismatic error changes symmetrically watching attentively on the pair of orthogonal meridian at least.
Preferably, the eyeglass on the positive sight line is on average by focal power ,-0.25 to+0.125D scope, and more preferably in ± 0.09D scope, and the most preferably in ± 0.05D scope.Preferably, refraction error on the positive sight line and prismatic error are little as 0.125D at least, more preferably less than 0.09D, and the most preferably less than 0.05D.
Optical parallax increases in inclined field usually, and to the wearer according to their position in the visual field, acceptability is in various degree arranged.Preferably, on average arriving+the 0.125D scope-0.50 by focal power in the inclined field more preferably, watching attentively in the corresponding aperture with approaching, arrived+the 0.05D scope-0.30, and the most preferably in described aperture, arrived+the 0.05D scope-0.125.Preferably, the amplitude of inclination refraction error is less than 0.60D, more preferably with near watching attentively in the corresponding aperture less than 0.25D, more preferably in described aperture less than 0.125D, and the most preferably in described aperture less than 0.05D.
Preferably, in the optical prism, the average angle speed that the amplitude of rotation and static action increases, slow as the 40mD/ degree of field angle, preferably slower at least than 25mD/ degree, more preferably, traverse corresponding with watching the field attentively a basically aperture, slow as the 12.5mD/ degree, and the most preferably, in the angle field of 30 ° of positive sight lines, slow as the 20mD/ degree.Again more preferably, from about 50 ° in the outside surrounding visual field of 80 ° of rink corner degree, the mean speed that changes in the static optical prism amplitude keeps slow as the 80mD/ degree at least, even preferable be less than the 40mD/ degree, and the most preferably less than the 25mD/ degree.
These and other purpose and feature can obviously be found out from the application who comprises accompanying drawing.Various aspects of the present invention and embodiment by explanation here can reach one or more purposes and advantage (but not necessarily whole).
Description of drawings
Figure 1A a pair of prior art of drawing is wrapped up in the glasses of face, and the requirement attractive in appearance here is to reach by the lens light axis 1-1 ' that moves up of the positive sight line 2-2 ' when nose is worn with relative wearer.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2 A: draw according to the front perspective view of the eyeglass of one embodiment of the invention (from top, directly watch in front and below).These eyeglasses provide the geometric figure of the necessary cooperation shape of face, optical axis and positive sight line conllinear when keeping wearing simultaneously.
Fig. 2 B: the inclination intersecting lens of draw cylinder dome and it and deflection plane, generation has the intersection curve of axis of symmetry 3-3 '.By changing the measure of skewness on plane, produce the such intersection curve of gang, shown in figure upper curve set (a), and the involute urve of the curve that increases the weight of, shown in curve (aa).The closed curve (b) of part curve (a), involute urve (bb) is arranged with its osculating circle merging formation.Draw on the figure ellipse of gang's intussusception, so as with collection of curves (c) relatively, and the ellipse of form factor p=4 and involute urve thereof, (cc) draws with curve.
Fig. 2 C: draw by the surperficial meridianal section character of one embodiment of the invention, and describe with table 4C.The involute urve of this surface curve and it draws as the part (b) of figure, and the part of figure (c) draw involute curve (1) and with ellipse (2) involute urve of curve (1) in the match of surface curve center coupling.Physics curve (solid line) is used for the ellipse (dotted line) of deriving with the part (a) of figure relatively.
Fig. 2 D: draw by the surperficial meridianal section character of one embodiment of the invention, and describe with table 3A.The involute urve of this surface curve and it draws as the part (b) of figure, and the part of figure (c) draw involute curve (1) and with curve (1) on the surface
Fig. 3 illustrates the Integrated lens that prior art is described by Davis and Waido.
Fig. 3 A: the oval Integrated lens of vertex curvature 3.78D and eccentric ratio e=0.866 (form factor p=4.0) draws.Rotation in positive sight line both sides is asymmetric to its refractive properties to eyes.
Fig. 3 B: draw near parabolical Integrated lens form, it has the high-order coefficient that produces the temples bending.The rotation in positive sight line both sides is asymmetric to eyes for it, and curve involute urve (1) is unlike the involute urve of any rule format curve.The form factor p=4.0 of immediate oval involute urve (2), but be not satisfied coupling.
Fig. 4 non-rectification two lens of sphere safety goggles of prior art design that draws.
Fig. 4 A: the spherical eyeglass of the 9D fundamental curve of draw optical axis and positive sight line conllinear.
Fig. 4 B: draw and wrap up in face/hold together the 8D fundamental curve eyeglass of face according to what people's methods such as Houston obtained, it is the spherical eyeglass, and axle is being analyzed planar offset 15mm.Rotation in positive sight line both sides is asymmetric to refractive properties to eyes.
Fig. 5 draws according to the non-character of correcting the surface of the embodiment of the invention, and there are spherical summit and outside umbilical ring (Fig. 5 A) in these surfaces, and one of them has outside umbilical band (Fig. 5 B).The character on surface is summarised among table 3A and the 3B.
The draw character on two kinds of surfaces of Fig. 6 A and 6B, these two kinds of surfaces form on mathematics as a pair of weighted array that the sphere of different curvature is arranged.Both externally distinguish is umbilical, and on the summit ball point is arranged.Their character is summarised among table 4A and the 4B.
Fig. 7 is the table 4A institute presentation surface that relates to wearer's eyes rotation center, the inner corners of its incident feature, incident feature inner corners with the sphere that equates surface elevation, on radius 35mm, compare (Fig. 7 A), and equate the sagitta of arc degree of depth with ellipsoid and have eccentric ratio e=0.75 to compare (Fig. 7 B).With reference to the definite character of pupil diaphragm that the wearer stares forward, draw at Fig. 7 C and 7D.
Fig. 8 A and the 8B optical property that a pair of the 4th rank rotate symmetrical non-corrected lens of drawing, they are 1.75 and 3.5D in the top of axis of symmetry curvature.Anterior surface parameter is integrated in the table 5 provide (5B type and 5C type).
Fig. 9 A and the 9B optical property that a pair of the 4th rank rotate symmetrical non-corrected lens of drawing, they are 3.5 and 5.0D in the top of axis of symmetry curvature.Anterior surface parameter is integrated in the table 5 provide (5D type and 5E type).
The optical property that Figure 10 draws the 4th rank non-corrected lens, it has the annular summit of horizontal direction curvature 3.5D and vertical direction curvature 0.0D.
Figure 11 draw Figure 10 eyeglass in 40 ° of rotating ranges of monocular the optical property isogram and this eyeglass 40mm aperture in the physical property isogram of eyeglass.The interval of isoline is as follows: vision prism, stride 0.25D; Refractive optical power is around the stride 0.025D of the field of ± 0.005D; The eyeglass prism, increment 1D; Surface elevation is around the stride 5mm of the field of-0.25mm; Lens thickness is with respect to the stride+0.025mm at center; With surperficial astigmatism, center on the stride 4D of the field of 1.25D.
Figure 12 draw Figure 13 eyeglass in 40 ° of rotating ranges of monocular the optical property isogram and this eyeglass 40mm aperture in the physical property isogram of eyeglass.The interval of isoline is as follows: vision prism, stride 0.25D; Refractive optical power is around the stride 0.025D of the field of ± 0.005D; The eyeglass prism, increment 1D; Surface elevation is around the stride 5mm of the field of-0.25mm; Lens thickness is with respect to the stride+0.025mm at center; With surperficial astigmatism, center on the stride 4D of the field of 1.25D.
The optical property that Figure 13 draws the 4th rank non-corrected lens, it has the annular summit of horizontal direction curvature 3.5D and vertical direction curvature 7.0D.
The optical property that Figure 14 A and 14B draw the symmetrical non-corrected lens of rotation, it has front surface that table 4C describes and according to two kinds of merit function optimizations.
The optical property that Figure 15 draws non-corrected lens, its front surface forms by the mathematical combination of two ellipsoids, and these two ellipsoids have eccentric ratio e=0.71 in the plane perpendicular to optical axis.
Figure 16 draw Figure 15 eyeglass in 40 ° of rotating ranges of monocular the optical property isogram and this eyeglass 40mm aperture in the physical property isogram of eyeglass.The interval of isoline is as follows: optical prism and refractive optical power, stride 0.10D; The eyeglass prism, increment 0.25D; Surface elevation, stride 2mm; Lens thickness is with respect to the center of 2mm, stride+0.05mm; With surperficial astigmatism, center on the stride 4D of the field of 1.0D.
Embodiment
To the eyeglass of the embodiment of the invention, first and second surfaces are continuous to three order derivatives at least, and present no visible uncontinuity, more specifically say, and be the uncontinuity that does not have optics.Preferably, lens surface is the surface of co-variation, make the optics band show basically zero on average pass through focal power.According to the eyeglass of the embodiment of the invention, be to be worn over the wearer front with the positive sight line of each eye basically with their optical axis with overlapping.Eyeglass is characterised in that the optics band, in this optics band, lens thickness traverses the aperture to be changed glossily, though must not be linear change, this aperture equals from its center the field of watching attentively to the wearer at edge, obtain bigger thickness relatively in the mesozone, and on the approximate aperture of watching attentively when wearing, keep, afterwards, in its outside end, be thinned to thin thickness gradually, and the trend of unwanted negative refraction focal power wherein do not occur. The definition of lens surface
The design of lens surface, usually according to the particular community of their shapes, such as the geometric configuration of parcel wearer face, or the inclination angle of definition and wearer's shape of face applying degree and defining wearer and the visible light reflective qualitative attribution of observer equally.Therefore, require with mathematical routine definition Surface Physical form that describe in detail above, that the specific curvature attribute is arranged.Relate generally to the high-order of these designs and the closure surfaces on mixing rank.Be the egg type or avette of rotation, as at CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics, by E.W.Weisstein, Chapman﹠amp; Hall, New York 1999, p.1293 described in.Except the minority specific example, they are by the mathematical way of strictness classification, and can be by many mathematical approaches acquisitions, below we illustrate with example.
The quadratic form ophthalmology surface of standard, modal is the surface that produces as circular cone section rotation figure.Yes is very familiar to for the mathematics of this circular cone section, for example illustrates in the standard textbook of Jalie: The Principles of Ophthalmic Lenses, and M.Jalie, Fourth Edition, London 1994, and Chapter 21.The feature that all surface of this form links together, be the relation between surface elevation z (r) first order derivative and the second derivative, promptly R 2 = z ′ ′ ( r z ′ ) 3 = r S 3 r T Or R 2 = K T ( r ) [ K S ( r ) ] 3 Here R is the curvature vertex radius; r TAnd r SIt is the tangential and sagitta of arc radius of curvature; K T(r) and K S(r) be tangential and sagitta of arc curvature.Therefore, if the surface is a secondary, " vertex radius of the inferring " R (r) from the derivative calculations of any point of part curve keeps constant in surperficial any part.If the surface is non-secondary, be the long ball shape or oblate according to the surface, the vertex radius of inferring will increase or reduce.We are the ratio of the vertex radius of inferring with real vertex radius, " the Q value " that called after should the surface, Q (x)=R (x)/R (0).
Therefore, in another aspect of this invention in, provide a kind of optical mirror slip, include the first surface of axis of symmetry; Second surface with the complementary curvature that axis of symmetry is arranged; At least one surface shows with quadratic form normalized optical reference surface and departs from significantly in surface elevation; Partly departing from of the surface elevation that on the eyeglass aperture, begins, usually traverse whole surface and extend; The surface that this departs from connects surface formation between the outer close surface of close surface and normalized optical form in the normalized optical form, this outer surperficial closely normalized optical form has the vertex radius that is different from first; Tangential and sagitta of arc radius traverses departure surface to be changed, and makes Q (r) ≡ r S 3/ r TR (0) 2Be non-constant, equal 1, change 0.25 at least, here r in the formula and leave axis of symmetry on the summit TAnd r SBe respectively the tangential and sagitta of arc radius of curvature, and R (0) is the curvature vertex radius; Corresponding tangential and sagitta of arc curvature K TAnd K STraverse departure surface and change, make Q (r) ≡ K T(r) * [K S(0)] 2/ [K S(r)] 3Be non-constant, equal 1, change 0.25 at least, here K and leave axis of symmetry on the summit S(0) is summit sagitta of arc curvature; The surface of departing from alternatively shows the external belt of low surperficial astigmatism in periphery, in this periphery, and the approximate umbilical that is in surface; With the first and second surface combinations, define optical axis and show zero average optics band basically by focal power.
Preferably, interior close surface is the circular conical surface of relative optical axis rotation, and the summit of departure surface is a umbilical, is the ball point.Interior surface closely can be a double-curved surface.Preferably, this double-curved surface all is circular in all meridians.Preferable is that interior and outer surface closely has identical rotational symmetry to common axis.
Preferably, surface " Q value " is in the center, eyeglass aperture of the positive sight line when wearing, and approximate is constant, and from then on decline is left, in the surrounding visual field of eyeglass rink corner degree~60 ° less than 0.75, more preferably in the watching attentively of eyeglass rink corner degree~40 ° less than 0.75.The most preferably, " Q value " watches attentively in the border in the umbilical district the wearer, and/or enters the peripheral vision band, has stable minimum.
The surface of departing from will show the inclined surface astigmatism basically, increase from the summit, and experience is maximum on the degree of the rink corner of centre, then to descending near the umbilical surrounding zone.Preferably, the eyeglass aperture of selection will be arranged in the wearer and watch maximum surperficial astigmatism district, a border attentively.Preferable is that the eyeglass aperture of selection will be positioned at the approximate umbilical district near the lens edge of wearer's surrounding visual field.
Following relation will be satisfied in a kind of suitable rotation symmetry oblate spheroid shape surface that is different from two subsurfaces basically z ( r ) = &Sigma; n &GreaterEqual; 2 m A n r n Here z &prime; &prime; ( r z &prime; ) 3 &OverBar; < < ( 1 2 A 2 ) 2
This condition regulation, polynomial form will be by coefficient A nDomination, n 〉=3, and these coefficients here will change by a graded, and will be different with the variation of circular conical surface.Numerical value index n is the integer of definition surface component " ordinal number ".In the lens front surface of the design embodiment of the invention, the ordinal number of use 2 to 8 is enough, and most important part is on the coefficient of 3 to 5 scopes.Sometimes be this surface easily by following formal representation z ( r ) = C ( r ) + &Sigma; n &GreaterEqual; 3 m A n r n Here C ( r ) = R p [ 1 - 1 - p r 2 R 2 ]
First regulation be two subsurfaces completely.It can be the rotational circle conical surface that vertex radius R and shape coefficient p are arranged, and thus, polynomial expression is only described and the departing from of circular conical surface.In this case, the ball of having the inclination is by form factor p=1 definition, and para-curve is defined by p=0, and hyperboloid is by p<0 definition.Other p value defined ellipsoid.In addition, than being annulus and general ellipsoid.If necessary, can be with weighting function to reach specific purpose of design.
Therefore, aspect another of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, provide a kind of optical mirror slip, include the first surface of axis of symmetry; Second surface with the complementary curvature that axis of symmetry is arranged; At least one front surface shows with quadratic form normalized optical reference surface and departs from significantly in surface elevation; Partly departing from of the surface elevation that on the eyeglass aperture, begins, usually traverse whole surface and extend; The front surface that this departs from forms as the surface that highly is defined by the polynomial expression surface that is attached to reference surface, and the ordinal number of coefficient is in from 2 to 8 scope; The surface of departing from shows the angled section of high astigmatism, and alternatively shows the external belt of low surperficial astigmatism in periphery, around this periphery, the surface is approximate be umbilical and; The first and second surface combinations define optical axis and show zero average optics band by focal power basically.
In alternative route according to the embodiment of the invention, a pair of different curvature B 1And B 2The secondary surface C 1(r) and C 2(r), weighting function M (r) combination with suitable provides last rotation symmetrical surface, the following z of form (r)=M (r) * C 1(r)+(1-M (r)) * C 2(r)
Can use any suitable weighting function, as an example, use hyperbolic secant: M (r)=a*sech (r/b)
This surface and its outer close surface merge at LHA, merge with the top of interior close surface at it again.Surface " Q value " is 1 (unity) at the top, and the smooth decline of steady state value outside leaving then axially reaches ratio of curvature B in this steady state value and two the circular cone districts 1/ B 2Corresponding.The surface astigmatism leaves the top and increases rapidly, and externally drops to low value glossily in the district subsequently, and the surface can be umbilical at this outside area.This character is controlled by weighting function, and weighting function must descend glossily from 1 of true origin both sides.In present expression, the general speed that the parameter b control surface changes, and parameter a is provided with central value.If the central value of weighting function is less than 1, then apex region has the middle curvature of these two surface curvatures of definition, with relative wideer umbilical top.
Therefore, a different aspect in the preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of optical mirror slip, includes the first surface of axis of symmetry; Second surface with the complementary curvature that axis of symmetry is arranged; At least one surface shows with quadratic form normalized optical reference surface and departs from significantly in surface elevation; Partly departing from of the surface elevation that on the eyeglass aperture, begins, usually traverse whole surface and extend; The surface that this departs from by suitable weighting function, forms by merging reference surface height and second surface height; The design of departure surface all is smooth at least to its 3rd order derivative; Departure surface shows the angled section of high astigmatism, and alternatively shows the external belt of low surperficial astigmatism in periphery, around this periphery, the surface is approximate be umbilical and; The first and second surface combinations define optical axis and show zero average optics band by focal power basically.
The inclination optical property of eyeglass is determined by eyeglass being carried out the ray trace analysis, is not that the rotation center of eyes is for referencial use when wearing, and it is for referencial use to stare pupil diaphragm center forward when wearing exactly.Because the variation of incident angle in the inclined surface unit and between, produce the droop error of simple two subsurfaces with the chief ray that leaves optical axis greater than 20 ° of equal angles.Except so simple surface, also to add the complicacy of fast-changing surface curvature in the inclined field.But,, can simplify the triangulation technique of optical system actually according to the format surface of the embodiment of the invention.Specifically, have been found that above-described format surface, the effect of the off-axis angle of common restricted incident.To chief ray, make the interior incident angle in the center bore raise faster from the eyes rotation center than being used for the normalized optical reference surface according to the tilting unit of embodiment of the invention preferred surface.Then, interior incident angle is saturated, remains on the value of the higher field angle of approximately constant.To the chief ray at pupil diaphragm center, similar character is arranged.
Can not pass through surface elevation itself, but, describe surface in detail according to the embodiment of the invention by the suitable functional form that incident angle in selecting changes.The analysis of basic geometric relationship produces following refraction interior angle d (r), surface elevation z (r) and the surperficial inclination angle z ' differential equation (r) of relating to: r - z &prime; ( r ) ( L - z ( r ) ) = sin [ d ( r ) ] r 2 + ( L - z ( r ) ) 2 ( 1 + [ z &prime; ( r ) ] 2 ) Here L is the distance from surface vertices to the reference center of analyzing.This equation for example under the physical location on summit, is used the modern mathematics program solution easily at given suitable d (r) pattern function and a boundary condition.We find that useful pattern function is sin d (r)=sin γ * (1-exp (nr 2/ L 2)) 1/2Its specified angle is constant exactly at whole inclined field, d=.y.Determining the surface in this way, is the torispherical dome; Spherical region is advanced in the external surface areas nonjoinder, but shows the umbilical ring, and around this umbilical ring, surperficial astigmatism is low and changes slowly.
Therefore, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention is aspect another, provide a kind of optical mirror slip, include the first surface of axis of symmetry; Second surface with the complementary curvature that axis of symmetry is arranged; At least one surface shows with quadratic form normalized optical reference surface and departs from significantly in surface elevation; Partly departing from of the surface elevation that on the eyeglass aperture, begins, usually traverse whole surface and extend; Departure surface so that the incident angle in first paraxial region raises with the eyes rotation, keeps approximately constant or slow decline as forming from eyes rotation center tendency chief ray subsequently from inclined field to the outside limit; Departure surface shows the angled section of high astigmatism, and alternatively shows the external belt of low surperficial astigmatism in periphery, around this periphery, the surface is approximate be umbilical and; The first and second surface combinations define optical axis and show zero average optics band by focal power basically.
Preferably, the incident angle that chief ray forms from the eyes rotation center to angled surface regions, at 30 ° or keep constant more substantially on the low-angle, more preferably at 20 °, and the most preferably less than 15 °.Preferably, the incident angle that chief ray forms from pupil diaphragm center to angled surface regions keeps constant substantially on 45 ° or littler value, more preferably less than 35 °, and the most preferably less than 30 °. The optimization of eyeglass characteristic
Therefore obviously, must in surface configuration and inclination angle, satisfy very careful requirement, so that produce extremely desirable ophthalmic lens products.One object of the present invention that Here it is.When the deviser bears the work of the preceding and rear surface of setting up eyeglass, the aesthstic form of front surface at least, two reliabilities that make on the surface, and the criterion of definition " well " eyeglass all is a problem.Non-corrected lens according to the embodiment of the invention has constant thickness, or traverses the thickness that increase is arranged around the aperture on summit, eyeglass or near the optical axis place thinner relatively.The selection of design parameter allows variation in thickness and pore size are controlled, and in the aperture, maintains or greater than the center of lens one-tenth-value thickness 1/10, and to the refraction and the not influence of prismatic error of positive sight line, positive sight line is when wearing and optical axis alignment.This effect has additional considerable influence to the optimizing process that can be used for lens design.
Have the surface of (supposition) eyeglass rear surface of predetermined front surface to proofread and correct, can rely on the help of computing method, these computing method comprise the use of merit function, the quantification that concerns between character that reaches and the target capabilities purpose.Merit function is usually based on observed refraction error, and these refraction errors are, average light focal power error MPE, RMS focal power error RMSPE (also claiming RMS to blur (blur)) and astigmatism or cylinder error, wherein RMSPE = [ MPE ] 2 + 1 4 [ CylError ] 2
Following merit function, the usually selected eyeglass of optimizing in eyes rotation θ scope: M 2 = &Sigma; &theta; ( [ RMSBlur ] 2 ) &theta; M 2 = &Sigma; &theta; ( [ MPE ] 2 + [ CylError ] 2 ) &theta; M 3 = &Sigma; &theta; ( 1 16 [ MPE ] 2 + [ CylError ] 2 ) &theta; M 4 = &Sigma; &theta; ( [ MPE ] 2 + 1 16 [ CylError ] 2 ) &theta; , Being chosen on the strategy is weighting according between focal power and the astigmatism.In this case, introduce other merit functions, for example measure the optical prism of eyeglass and measure the merit function that reaches the rate of change of prism character such as fuzzy, for example: M &alpha; , &beta; = &Sigma; &theta; ( &alpha; [ RMSBlur ] 2 + &beta; [ | StaticPrism | ] 2 ) &theta; , Or M a , b = &Sigma; &theta; ( a [ RMSBlur ] 2 + b [ &PartialD; ( StaticPrism ) &PartialD; &theta; ] 2 ) &theta;
These merit functions are used to blinkpunkt and periphery on both.But (eyes rotation) has a non-negative weight to each radiation direction, is used for controlling the Relative Contribution of every kind of different RMS fuzzy (a) and static prism (b).Usually, be that externally angular range is controlled static prism, with the fuzzy part of the more general RMS of the merit function that puts on fields inside, obtain desirable and stable optical arrangement.
In the embodiment of the invention is again aspect another, provide a pair of in frame or the non-corrected lens in wrapping up in the shape of face structure, can accurately be worn over the wearer front to eyeglass, make corresponding with the eyeglass basically optical axis coincidence of positive sight line, the eyeglass applying shape of face, and, seal the place ahead and surrounding visual field basically by their physical form and the sagitta of arc degree of depth, wherein, the feature of each eyeglass is as follows: first lens surface that axis of symmetry is arranged; With second lens surface that complementary curvature and axis of symmetry are arranged; At least one surface shows with quadratic form normalized optical reference surface and departs from significantly in surface elevation; Surface elevation depart from beginning partly on the summit in eyeglass aperture, usually traverse whole surface and extend; The external belt that the surface of departing from shows the angled section of high astigmatism and alternatively hang down surperficial astigmatism in periphery around this periphery, is approximate umbilical; The first and second surface combinations, definition optical axis and optics band are kept lens thickness in this optics band, when sealing is worn whole eyeglasses aperture of visual field to peripheral limit, not attenuation gradually; On positive sight line, do not reflect significantly or prismatic error when wearing; In major part is watched the field attentively, the inclination refractive optical power remains on little and below the ultimate value set, watches attentively outside the venue in major part, and they are watching field edge attentively and near surrounding visual field, be elevated to stable maximal value glossily, of the trouble fuzzy threshold value definition of this surrounding visual field by setting up clinically; The amplitude of the static state contribution of optical prism is traversed the approximate aperture of watching the field attentively, increases glossily with the field angle that increases, and shows this trend of flex point, so that the prism amplitude can be assumed to stationary value, traverses surrounding visual field and does not change basically; With the amplitude of rotation contribution in the optical prism, from zero of positive sight line, traversing the rotation of watching the field attentively with eyes increases lentamente.
Preferably, inclination refractive optical power and prism change in a meridian of watching the field attentively at least symmetrically, preferably at least in the pair of orthogonal meridian of watching the field attentively.
Preferably, RMS focal power sum of errors astigmatism error both: angular breadth approximately among ± 25 ° paraxial less than 0.15D; Make an appointment with half watch attentively scene long-pending in less than 0.30D; Major part watch attentively on the field less than 0.4D and; Rotating about 40 ° or bigger corresponding watching attentively on the field with eyes, low as 0.75D at least, preferably less than 0.5D.Preferably, in the rotating prism component amplitude, the average angle speed that increases is little as the 25mD/ degree, more preferably, about 12.5mD/ degree traverses watches the field attentively, and in static prism component amplitude, the average angle speed that increases is little as the 60mD/ degree, preferable is to the outer periphery limit, to be about the 30mD/ degree from positive sight line.Perhaps, prism can minimize, and makes in the rotation and the amplitude of static prism component, and the average angle speed of growth is traversed and watched a basic corresponding aperture attentively, is about the 40mD/ degree of field angle or littler.
Now with reference to accompanying drawing and example, the present invention is described more completely.But following explanation is an illustrative, should not regard the general limitation to the invention described above by any way as obviously. The oval eyeglass of the non-rectification of example 1 (prior art)
Tackle is at United States Patent (USP) 5,774, and explanation in 201 is suitable for non-corrected lens form whole or the two lens safety goggles, be that basic elliptical section is arranged in surface level, and in the vertical direction has various forms.Preferred arc of horizon is oval, and excentricity is in 0.10 to 0.85 scope, major axis reach with opposite summit between extend around the minor axis summit.Therefore, (1) center section of eyeglass arc of horizon has lower curvature than the remainder of arc, (2) side end with respect to center section have dense gradually curvature and (3) from the middle part along continuous straight runs to LHA, curved transition is smooth, is called as the advantage of this structure.
Tackle allows the length variations of long axis of ellipse length along arcuate section especially, as long as section meets with ellipse basically.Some departs from though allow section profile and ellipse, the above-mentioned favourable feature of essential maintenance.This feature be curvature with eyeglass center section monotone variation, this center section has less curvature than end portion.Second is, makes the significantly ability of the positive sight line skew when wearing of lens light axis, but positive sight line is not caused optical parallax, particularly optical prism.According to the lens surface curve of the embodiment of the invention, do not provide the back described these characteristics.Specifically, these lens surface curves in the middle of meridianal center and side end the middle part of eyeglass (promptly), show the maximum value of tangential surface curvature, and these lens surface curves, are not suitable for making positive sight line from light shaft offset substantially.
At United States Patent (USP) 5,604, a kind of non-rectification ellipsoid eyeglass of explanation among 547 (Davis and the Waido), its character is drawn in Fig. 3 A.The front surface of this eyeglass has eccentric ratio e=0.866 (form factor p=4.0), and the position of front surface, can make on the axis of centres (Cyclopean axis) of optical axis in wearer's mid-plane.Positive sight line is moved apart center 34mm, front surface semi-major axis length 70mm, and the prolate edge on surface appears at 36mm place, positive sight line side.Note that at first the tangential focal power of front surface increases glossily towards this prolate edge.The front surface astigmatism is little on positive sight line, also increases glossily towards this prolate edge.Next note that lens thickness from the optical axis greatly, attenuation gradually glossily, the oval eyeglass that requires as Tackle than small eccentricity.At last, refractive properties and prism amplitude show there is not significant error on positive sight line.Than bigger droop error is relatively arranged at nose, offside transhipment movable property is given birth to a significant left side/right eye binocular parallax in the side.
The involute urve of front surface ellipse draws in the part (bb) of Fig. 2 B.As top discussion, the normal vector of the horizontal shift cusp from this surface to oval involute urve corresponding to the hump, and vertically points to ellipse short shaft.Angle φ can not be too big with 90 degree difference. Example 2 (prior art) aspheric surface sunglasses
At United States Patent (USP) 5; in 604,547, Davis and whole non-rectification sunglasses or the eye protection polycarbonate lens of wrapping up in the face style of Waido explanation; comprise a pair of formation surface of the eyeglass of " even substantially " thickness all the time, each surface all is the rotation figure that conic section produces.Turning axle is the optical axis of eyeglass.The centre of positive sight line that this is positioned at the wearer when wearing, corresponding with the axis of centres in wearer's the mid-plane.Open especially (claim 18) a kind of method of Davis and Waido, the forward and backward surface of containing curvature central area between 1.0 to 6.0D by handle, and index other polynomial expression items between 10 to 30, according to curved equation combination down, make the peripheral limit of whole protective cover, (in other words) bending outside wearer's forward direction binocular visual field in the field angle of leaving outside 40 ° or 50 ° of the positive sight lines of wearer, the following z=Ar of the curved equation of this time 2+ Br CHere A and B are coefficients, and C is even integral indices and control parcel degree.Radial distance r measures from optical axis, or measures from wearer's the axis of centres.
In order to help to understand the character of eyeglass, the design of in table 2A, setting up each eyeglass.The horizontal section of eyeglass is depicted the stable centers curvature related with following curved equation quadratic term and to the unexpected a little bending of temples, as shown in Fig. 3 B.In general, higher order term provides the side that the needs parcel degree of depth, and the optical property of lens unit forward sight part is had no significant effect.This out to out of inwardly charging into is showed by the design of eyeglass Hi-14#2.All these eyeglasses are crossed the visual field (seeing Table 2A) of positive sight line side from optical axis attenuation gradually glossily.
Figure G2009100021079D00311
(table 2A) table 2A.According to the lens design coefficient of Davis and Waido United States Patent (USP) 5,604,547 with at optical centre t OAnd at positive sight line t EOn lens thickness.
x (mm) θ (Deg) 1/ 2(K- S+K T) (D) |K S-K T| (D) K T (D) Φ(x) (Deg) R(x)/R(0)
35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 10.0 -15.0 -20.0 -25.0 -30.0 -35.0 -40.0 49.4 45.1 40.1 34.4 27.6 19.8 10.6 0.0 -11.6 -23.8 -35.7 -46.7 -56.7 -66.3 -77.0 -88.4 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.1 5.1 7.6 11.4 12.3 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.5 2.3 6.6 12.6 12.3 2.6 4.00 3.99 3.97 3.93 3.88 3.81 3.73 3.65 3.60 3.72 4.34 6.29 10.88 17.71 18.46 9.28 0.43 1.73 3.89 6.03 8.16 10.27 12.35 14.40 16.43 18.49 20.76 23.77 28.79 38.06 52.81 68.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.11 1.27 1.47 1.46 1.14 0.71
Table 2B.The front surface character of eyeglass Hi-14#2, it is as the function of horizontal range and the field angle from positive sight line towards temples.
In result's expression, axle Oz (x=0) has placed on the positive sight line of wearer's left eye, and the nose optical axis is on x=+34mm.Be configured in the eyeglass part of the positive sight line of temples, corresponding with the negative value of x.To the design that is studied, front surface curvature keeps constant to the major part of nose and the positive sight line of temples visual field basically.The careful variation of front surface character provides in table 2B and Fig. 3 B.Preceding and rear surface both is the long ball shape, does not have astigmatism at central area, and like this, to rotating the corresponding district of about 35 ° temples with eyes, tangential curvature descends from optical axis, outside this district, and front surface tangential curvature K T, mean curvature 1/ 2(K S+ K T) and surperficial astigmatism, watching the field attentively from outside temporo increases glossily, in the temples bending of complete about 70 ° of rink corner degree outside watching the field attentively, and the experience maximal value." surperficial Q value " Q=R (x)/R (0) is leaving general 75 ° of positive sight line, keeps greater than 1.
Front surface curve involute urve (1) changes under high-order tortuosity factor influence, and approximately linear, up to the horizontal shift cusp, the surface normal vector with general φ=50 ° to the optical axis deflection.This involute urve does not meet the curve of canonical form.The immediate match of oval involute urve is represented with curve (2) in Fig. 3 B, corresponding to a=75mm, and b=39mm, e=0.854, and p=3.70.
The slide calliper rule thickness of eyeglass Hi-14#2 is non-constant, but the 1.7mm from the optical axis is thinned to the 1.65mm of positive sight line gradually, and the place thickeies a little in edgewise bend.Eyeglass has refractive properties, focal power error and prism, and they all change glossily with eyes rotations, but the offside transhipment is moving, and difference is arranged between the right and left eyes, as shown in Fig. 3 B.Static prism also has horizontal parallax.This is the exemplary shortcomings of centrifugal lens design.
Can be optical axis and positive sight line the spheric glass (Fig. 4 A) of conllinear when wearing, make comparisons with the similar eyeglass to nose translation 15mm (positive sight line becomes 103 ° of angles with front surface) according to people's methods such as Houston, people's such as Houston method, at United States Patent (USP) 5,648, explanation among 832 and 5,689,323 (Fig. 4 B).Parcel/hold together the spheric glass of face, present a left side/right eye parallax. Example 3 " non-secondary " polynomial expression
The basis of the embodiment of the invention is the curve that produces by using, the ability of the surface configuration that acquisition is desirable and controlled, and these curves are that circle, mathematics oval or any standard quafric curve are out of shape basically.The standard quafric curve is applied warping function, can produce the curve that needs.Perhaps, can pass through function or polynomial expression formula, directly define curve.Directly form the surface of the curve that produces, usually need.Provide a kind of such way below.
Relation should be satisfied in a suitable rotational symmetric oblate spheroid shape surface z ( r ) = &Sigma; n &GreaterEqual; 2 m A n r n Here z &prime; &prime; ( r z &prime; ) 3 &OverBar; < < ( 1 2 A 2 ) 2
This condition regulation, polynomial form will be by coefficient A nDomination, n 〉=3, and these coefficients here will change by a graded, and will be different with the variation of circular conical surface.
I can add various boundary conditions at summit r=0 and lateral location r=ρ, so that preset the form on surface, for example: definition curvature of centre z " (0)=A 2=K 0The definition side direction sagitta of arc degree of depth z ( &rho; ) = &Sigma; n &GreaterEqual; 2 m A n &rho; n = Z Definition side direction inclination angle condition z &prime; ( &rho; ) = &Sigma; n &GreaterEqual; 2 m n A n &rho; n - 1 = S Side direction umbilical condition K on the edge S(ρ)=K T(ρ)>>K 0The stable K of side direction umbilical condition S' (ρ)=K T' (ρ)=0.
Figure G2009100021079D00335
X z(x) θ K T |K T-K S| Φ(x) Q(x)
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.5 -0.9 -1.4 -2.0 -3.0 -4.2 -5.8 -7.8 -10.2 -13.3 -17.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.8 19.4 23.9 28.2 32.3 36.4 40.4 44.4 48.5 52.8 57.4 62.4 67.9 73.9 1.1 1.3 2.0 3.2 4.9 7.0 9.5 12.3 15.1 17.6 19.4 20.0 19.2 17.3 14.6 11.7 9.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.4 2.5 3.9 5.6 7.4 9.1 10.5 11.1 10.7 9.0 6.4 3.4 0.4 -2.2 0.00 0.31 0.75 1.44 2.52 4.11 6.33 9.29 13.06 17.66 23.03 28.99 35.30 41.64 47.70 53.28 58.25 1.00 0.99 0.93 0.80 0.66 0.53 0.42 0.34 0.28 0.23 0.20 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.08
Table 3A.According to one embodiment of the invention, the surface design coefficient and the polynomial table surface properties of 1D top curvature arranged.
Apply how so more condition, number of coefficients that can appointment is many more.But, because suitable match surface, must provide the eyeglass body of the optics merit function that satisfies regulation, optimization causes bigger difficulty to eyeglass to be subjected to the surface of higher constraint.In general, it is sufficient the polynomial high-order of front surface being limited in m ≈ 8.According to two surperficial examples of the such structure of the embodiment of the invention, and their superior character, be shown in table 3A and 3B, also draw at Fig. 5.
Figure G2009100021079D00341
X z(x) θ K T K T-K S Φ(x) Q(x)
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.7 -1.2 -1.8 -2.7 -3.8 -5.2 -6.9 -8.9 -11.2 -13.8 -17.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.8 19.5 24.0 28.4 32.6 36.9 41.1 45.4 49.8 54.2 58.9 63.7 68.7 74.0 1.0 1.4 2.7 4.7 7.2 9.9 12.6 14.9 16.2 16.6 16.0 14.9 13.5 12.3 11.5 11.1 10.7 0.0 0.3 1.1 2.4 4.0 5.7 7.2 8.2 8.5 7.9 6.6 4.8 3.1 1.7 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8 1.8 3.4 5.7 8.8 12.6 17.0 21.7 26.6 31.4 36.0 40.4 44.8 49.2 54.0 1.00 0.98 0.83 0.64 0.48 0.36 0.28 0.23 0.19 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09
Table 3B.According to one embodiment of the invention, the surface design coefficient and the polynomial table surface properties of 1D top curvature arranged.
All there is the top curvature of umbilical summit, 1D on two surfaces and is positioned at the umbilical ring of about r=± 38mm, corresponding to about 68 ° of field angle.This angle can not reach by the eyes rotation, thereby the umbilical district is placed wearer's surrounding visual field.The surface is remarkable Horizon at the top, and tends to the osculating sphere in their outsides.The surfaces A and osculating sphere (curve c) simple intersection of drawing at Fig. 5 A, and as a result of, on lateral surface, present the umbilical ring.The involute curve corresponding with the radial surface cross section discussed in conjunction with Fig. 2 D in the above.From the surface to the normal vector of the horizontal shift cusp of curve involute urve, with about φ=30 ° to the axis of symmetry deflection.Surperficial B shown in Fig. 5 B merge with osculating sphere, and side pole is limit the umbilical band that presents expansion outside.The surface is at the locational normal vector of maximum tangential curvature, with about φ=22 ° to the axis of symmetry deflection.Watching attentively forward in the related surperficial astigmatism of maximum tangential curvature with the wearer, it is one very big that two surfaces all present.The surface astigmatism clearly disappears in the umbilical district on surface.In each example, " surperficial Q value " on most surfaces substantially less than 1.
Figure G2009100021079D00351
X z(x) θ K T |K T-K S| Φ(x) Q(x)
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 42.5 45.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.7 -1.2 -1.7 -2.3 -3.1 -4.0 -5.0 -6.2 -7.6 -9.2 -11.1 -13.3 -16.1 -20.0 -28.9 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 19.8 24.6 29.2 33.8 38.2 42.5 46.8 51.0 55.1 59.3 63.5 67.9 72.8 78.6 90.5 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.8 9.1 9.5 9.9 10.5 11.2 12.1 13.2 14.6 16.6 19.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.8 4.9 6.4 8.3 11.1 15.1 0.0 2.1 4.2 6.4 8.6 10.8 13.2 15.6 18.2 20.9 23.8 27.0 30.6 34.6 39.3 44.9 52.0 62.2 87.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Table 3C.The surface design coefficient and the character on prior art ellipsoid surface.
Table 3C provides the oval character of excentricity 0.75 for relatively, and this ellipse has the sagitta of arc degree of depth of equal value on radial distance 37.5mm.According to the surface of the embodiment of the invention, following excellent properties is arranged: it has the tangential curvature that increases to lateral edge from the center, and oval only obviously crooked in lateral edge; To from the edge, basic surperficial astigmatism is arranged from the center, and the ellipsoid surface shows the astigmatism that progressively increases towards lateral edge; , there is tangential curvature very big, but in ellipse, do not observe to the centre position between the lateral edge in the center; , there is surperficial astigmatism very big, but in ellipse, do not observe to the centre position between the lateral edge in the center; Low astigmatism district and relevant umbilical condition are arranged in the outside, but in ellipse, do not observe; Leave the center, surperficial Q value is significantly less than 1, and to oval surface, then be indeclinable and; On maximum tangential curvature position, surface normal is to the angle φ of optical axis deflection, and significantly less than 90 °, but in oval situation, they are perpendicular to axis of symmetry.
If example 2 (table 2B and Fig. 3 B) prior art eyeglass, relatively similar with the surface work according to the embodiment of the invention, following excellent properties is arranged: it is symmetrical to positive sight line, and positive sight line is not the normal of prior art lens surface; Its tangential and average surface curvature and surperficial astigmatism approaching, and during near positive sight line, present growth along all directions basically, and the prior art eyeglass, only at LHA when field angle is outside the wearer watches the field attentively, this specific character is just arranged; Its lens surface Q value is lower than 1 when leaving the center, and the quite major part of prior art eyeglass, this Q value is constant and it is oblate on axis of symmetry, and leave axis of symmetry by the oblate spheroid shape, be the long ball shape and the prior art eyeglass of example 2 traverses most of eyeglass aperture. Example 4 " non-secondary " surface function
In the approach other according to the present invention, we are a pair of different curvature B 1=530/ ρ 1And B 2=530/ ρ 2Sphere, with suitable weighting function W (r) combination, provide last rotational symmetric surface, following form is arranged, z ( r ) = W ( r ) * ( &rho; 1 - &rho; 1 2 - r 2 ) + ( 1 - W ( r ) ) * ( &rho; 2 - &rho; 2 2 - r 2 )
Can as an example, can use hyperbolic secant with any suitable weighting function; W (r)=a* (Sech (r/b)) n
Two examples on this surface are shown among Fig. 6 and Biao 4A and the 4B.
The D value on surface illustrates in Fig. 6 A.It with its osculating sphere in the district of side with at the low curvature ball at its top, under the weighting function condition, merge, this weighting function draws with curve " weighted value ".Surface Q value is 1 at the top, leaves axle then and drops to steady state value Q=0.2 glossily, with two sphere district ratio of curvature B 1/ B 2Corresponding.Leave the top, surperficial astigmatism and surperficial tangential curvature increase fast, through maximum value, subsequently towards the smooth decline in outside umbilical district.The speed that changes is by the hyperbolic secant functions control, this hyperbolic secant function in the true origin both sides from 1 smooth decline.Increase assignment and give the value of parameter b, make fall off rate slack-off and outside umbilical position is moved; And umbilical district curvature is directly set by the selection of reference sphere; Increase assignment and give the value of n, make the central peak of weighting function sharpened, and the maximum surperficial astigmatism that runs into is increased.The surface is at its normal in maximum tangential curvature district, with about 20 ° to the axis of symmetry deflection.
x z(x) θ K T |K T-K S| Φ(x) Q(x)
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.5 -1.0 -1.7 -2.6 -3.8 -5.2 -7.0 -9.1 -11.6 -14.7 -18.5 -23.8 -33.6 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.9 19.7 24.4 29.2 34.1 39.0 44.0 49.3 54.8 60.6 66.9 74.1 82.8 97.3 2.5 3.9 7.5 11.7 14.9 16.7 17.2 16.9 16.2 15.4 14.7 14.1 13.7 13.4 13.2 13.1 13.2 0.0 1.0 3.2 5.6 7.0 7.2 6.4 5.2 3.9 2.7 1.8 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.8 2.3 4.9 8.6 13.0 17.7 22.6 27.6 32.5 37.5 42.6 47.9 53.7 60.3 68.6 83.1 1.00 0.96 0.77 0.57 0.43 0.35 0.29 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19
Table 4A.According to one embodiment of the invention, the surface design coefficient and the surface function character of 2.5D top curvature is arranged.
If the value of parameter a is set as less than 1, then introduce the osculating sphere component at the top, local curvature is increased near equaling fraction mixing a*B 1+ (1-a) * B 2Value.This causes wideer umbilical district occurring at surperficial top, shown in for example corresponding with surperficial E Fig. 6 B.As the result of other parameter b and n selection, the surface is tending towards and the slower merging of osculating sphere, and the umbilical of side begins near the due periphery of actual lens surface.Not so Biao Mian general characteristic is similar to those characteristics of surperficial D.The surface is at the normal in its maximum tangential curvature district, with about 25 ° of angle axis of symmetry deflections.
Figure G2009100021079D00381
x z(x) θ K T |K T-K S| Φ(x) Q(x)
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.6 -1.0 -1.6 -2.4 -3.5 -4.9 -6.5 -8.5 -11.0 -14.0 -17.8 -22.9 -32.7 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.9 19.7 24.4 29.2 33.9 38.7 43.6 48.7 54.0 59.7 65.9 73.0 81.6 95.9 4.4 5.1 6.9 9.4 12.1 14.5 16.2 17.0 17.1 16.7 16.0 15.2 14.5 13.9 13.5 13.3 13.8 0.0 0.4 1.6 3.2 4.7 5.9 6.5 6.4 5.6 4.6 3.4 2.4 1.5 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.0 1.3 2.9 5.0 8.0 11.6 15.9 20.7 25.7 30.9 36.2 41.6 47.2 53.2 60.0 68.3 82.9 1.00 0.99 0.96 0.88 0.78 0.68 0.59 0.53 0.47 0.43 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.35
Table 4B.According to one embodiment of the invention, the surface design coefficient and the surface function character of 4.4D top curvature is arranged.
The design standards in Europe, for example CEN 1836 " Sunglass﹠amp; SunglassFilter for General Use " requirement, in the district of 10mm radius, the average sphere focal power drops in 0.00 ± 0.09D scope.Therefore, worthwhile is that foundation itself has the wide and surface stable top of similar size." surperficial F " with the weighting function design of suitably revising describes in table 4C.This surface has kept surperficial key property, and there are the maximum value and the surperficial astigmatism of tangential curvature in the centre between core and side end.But, note that surperficial Q value to the expansion area corresponding with the top, center, keep near 1.As the discussion in conjunction with Fig. 2 C, the center at top is the ellipse that eccentric ratio e=0.963 (form factor p=13.9) arranged, but at its normal in maximum tangential curvature district, with about 30 ° of angle axis of symmetry deflections.
Figure G2009100021079D00391
x z(x) θ K T |K T-K S| Φ(x) Q(x)
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.9 -1.3 -1.7 -2.2 -2.8 -3.6 -4.7 -6.0 -7.7 -9.9 -12.6 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.9 19.6 24.2 28.5 32.7 36.7 40.6 44.3 47.9 51.5 55.3 59.3 63.6 68.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.6 5.0 5.8 7.3 9.6 12.7 16.2 19.1 20.3 19.3 16.8 14.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.2 2.5 4.4 6.9 9.6 11.6 11.8 10.0 7.0 3.9 0.00 1.17 2.34 3.51 4.69 5.91 7.20 8.66 10.43 12.73 15.82 19.91 25.10 31.19 37.73 44.23 50.39 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.07 1.11 1.13 1.11 1.03 0.92 0.79 0.67 0.57 0.50
Table 4C.According to one embodiment of the invention, the surface design coefficient and the surface function character of 4.3D top curvature is arranged.
Fig. 5 A, 5B, 6A and 6B comprise the incident angle chart as radial distance function on the eyeglass.Two angles of drawing on the figure with what block curve drew are, when with the eyes rotation center that is positioned at back vertex distance 27mm when for referencial use, to the interior incident angle of suitable curve.Other angles are the interior incident angles to the static eye pupil diaphragm of staring forward, and the pupil diaphragm is rotation center 11mm forward.Should particularly point out, in these angle tilt fields the approximately constant value be arranged.There is the deflection of approximately constant on the surface to two optical reference points.
Surface D and E have extreme sagitta of arc scope, extend to greater than 90 ° of field angle (table 4A and 4B).Tackle also has people such as Houston, and the interior incident angle of inclination intermediate rays by the eyeglass configurable limit, particularly by the eyeglass wall thickness restriction of the use of elliptical form and attenuation gradually, is called the optics interests of bringing.Therefore, we are the surface according to the embodiment of the invention, and promptly surperficial E reaches with spherical surface and the oval surface of eccentric ratio e=0.75 compares, and these surfaces have been arranged to public vertex and intersection point (± 35.0 ,-17.8) is arranged in field, the outside.
Fig. 7 (A and B) curve draws in the form ray trace analysis of rotating eyes, the interior incident angle of chief ray, and solid line is corresponding with surperficial E, and dotted line is ball (Fig. 7 A) and an ellipsoid (Fig. 7 B) of equal value of equal value.During Fig. 7 (C and D) curve draws the form ray trace of static eyes is analyzed, the interior incident angle of chief ray, solid line is corresponding with surperficial E, and dotted line is the ball (Fig. 7 C) of equal value and the ellipsoid (Fig. 7 D) of equivalence.In two kinds of ray trace configurations, incident angle stably increased in whole eyeglass angled section in the ball surface demonstrated.To extremely eccentric ellipsoid, the inclination of interior incident angle increases the surface curvature that is changed to be checked, and presents constant deflection district, outside this district, then changes fast.The constant deflection district expands to corresponding chief ray, is the feature on the surface designed of the present invention.Beyond paraxial, interior incident angle Anywhere all has low and stable relatively value, thereby helps to obtain in actual lens design stable peripheral optical texture.This is the advantage that is better than elliptical form.
These characteristics provide another to make up the method for lens surface according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.The functional form of surperficial just z (r), the variation of interior incident angle on definition eyes rotation center or the pupil diaphragm, on the other hand, on the contrary also true.The detail specifications of the functional form that incident angle changes in making defines this physical surface.The analysis of basic geometric relationship produces following about interior refraction angle d (r), surface elevation z (r) and surface slope z ' differential equation (r): r - z &prime; ( r ) ( L - z ( r ) ) = sin [ d ( r ) ] r 2 + ( L - z ( r ) ) 2 ( 1 + [ z &prime; ( r ) ] 2 ) Here L is the distance from surface vertices to the reference center of analyzing.This equation is used the modern mathematics program solution easily, provides d (r) proper model function and a boundary condition, such as the physical location on summit.The useful pattern function that we find is sind (r)=sin γ * (1-exp (nr 2/ L 2)) 1/2The change procedure of this function definition such as Fig. 7, angle wherein are accurately constant on whole inclined field, d=.y.The surface of Que Dinging is the torispherical dome like this.Their character is advanced the spherical region except that outside surface region nonjoinder, is very similar to surperficial E, but presents a umbilical ring, and surperficial astigmatism is low and slowly changes around this umbilical ring. The non-corrected lens of example 5 symmetries
According to the lens surface of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shape of similar dome is arranged, precipitous sidewall and relative more smooth district are arranged on axis of symmetry.We can be formulated each lens surface, and radius-of-curvature ρ is for example arranged 1With form factor p 1Quadric surface C (r), by relevant weighting function, traverse the eyeglass aperture provide the surface steady control.Therefore, the complete lens surface according to this example of the embodiment of the invention has following mathematic(al) structure; z ( r ) = C ( r ) * Sech ( r / q ) + &Sigma; n &GreaterEqual; 3 m A n r n Here C ( r ) = &rho; 1 p 1 ( 1 - 1 - p 1 * r 2 / &rho; 1 2 )
The front surface that constitutes with parameter sets shown in the table 5 has designed a set of contact lenses.Lens materials is a polycarbonate.Eyeglass has the center thickness of back summit focal power 0.00D.S. and 1.5mm.By the optical property of determining at the ray trace of back vertex distance 27.0mm, draw at Fig. 8 and 9.Average light focal power error MPE, inclination astigmatism error OAE, RMS focal power error RMSPE and optical prism amplitude | prism | (rotation), draw to watching in the field rotation of eyes attentively.Static optical prism amplitude | prism | (static state), the pupil diaphragm is determined when staring forward with reference to the wearer.The eyeglass slide calliper rule thickness and the sagitta of arc degree of depth are drawn as the function of the radial position of relative lens unit axis of symmetry.At lens edge (r=40mm) the sphere non-corrected lens character of the sagitta of arc degree of depth of equal value and axis calibration alignment is arranged, draw in Fig. 4 A, as a means of relatively, and those are for obtaining the eyeglass that parcel makes the identical sphere of axle offset, draw in Fig. 4 B.
Figure G2009100021079D00413
Table 5.The front surface coefficient that is used for design drawing 8 and 9 eyeglasses.
By defining the focal power on summit, back, in the definition rear surface corresponding, paraxial region with given front surface.At least to the rear surface, must carry out second time aspheric surface and proofread and correct, watch inclination optical property on the field attentively with control, if suitably, also control near the inclination optical property that enters periphery the field edge from watching attentively.In doing so, need judge in the figure of merit of eyeglass clearly priority to be arranged according to specific wearer.Can use the criterion that has nothing in common with each other to inner and external Design field.
In the lens surface of design of graphics 8, implemented the operation that is different from the use of Fig. 9 eyeglass.The eyeglass of Fig. 8 A and 8B, corresponding with front surface 5B type that top curvature 1.75 and 3.5D are arranged respectively and 5C type, be to design in order to make the eyes optical prism amplitude that rotation (± 40 °) stands in watching the field attentively minimum.Because lens surface is being watched the low curvature of center court part attentively and negative average light focal power error increases gradually towards watching field edge attentively, so prism amplitude and it at the rate of change of watching the center court part attentively, are low on feature.If the refractive optical power error that should bear is limited in the scope of average wearer's natural adaptation, and should not surpasses-0.35D, preferably be not more than-0.25D, then be considered to acceptable.Designed the outside area in eyeglass aperture, avoided increasing unwanted negative average light focal power error, otherwise should negative average light focal power error will occur in the periphery field.Therefore, the trend of average light focal power error or RMS focal power error, different significantly here, and with the optical prism amplitude that the eyes rotation stands, in case run into this external Design district, can see apace raising.The variation of design focal point, in the trend that optical property presents clearly.
We have traversed the center of lens field, obtain the low-down rate of change of prism amplitude especially.The optical prism amplitude presents the paraxial variation of increase with the top curvature that increases, but keeps remaining low in watching the field attentively.In comparison, the prior art spheric glass that Fig. 4 describes has lower refraction error in wide visual field, but higher optical prism (static with two kinds of effects of eyes rotation).The prior art eyeglass of Fig. 4 B parcel, a left side/right eye is a parallax, but according to the eyeglass of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, this parallax does not take place.It shall yet further be noted that the wall thickness of prior art eyeglass, leave optical axis center attenuation gradually everywhere.A kind of special characteristics of Fig. 8 eyeglass is that they outwards thicken towards the edge from apex region, and this is the character that a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention is found.
Second pair of lens design of this example has the characteristic that is shown in Fig. 9, and according to front surface 5D type and 5E type.These eyeglasses have low paraxial prism amplitude rate of change.But fundamental characteristics is to traverse to watch the low relatively inclination refraction error that the field runs into attentively, allows to increase optical prism here.Keeping this purpose, is in order to make surface optimization outside about 35 ° of field angle, obtains with littler average light focal power error or the RMS average light focal power error of sphere and avoids any error that can not natural adaptation.In optical property trend, obviously do not change,, used identical design criteria because traverse the eyeglass aperture.
These designs, to the rotation (± 40 °) of eyes in watching the field attentively, the sphere comparison with prior art provides low inclination average light focal power error MPE or inclination RMS average light focal power error RMSPE, on most of aperture, the optical prism amplitude still spherical eyeglass than equivalence is lower simultaneously.Point out that once more the general constant slide calliper rule thickness of lens unit is better than near attenuation gradually lens edge relatively partly. Example 6 asymmetric non-corrected lens
Be used for the non-corrective eyewear of the sun or other protection purposes, usually along continuous straight runs is than different curvature is vertically arranged.The asymmetry of this format surface is introduced owing to calling suitable asymmetric secondary format surface usually.For example see United States Patent (USP) 1,741,536,4,741,611,4,867,550 and 5,825,455.A kind of suitable method according to the embodiment of the invention is that lens surface is described as following form; z ( r ) = C ( &kappa; ) * Sech ( &kappa; / q ) + &Sigma; n &GreaterEqual; 3 m A n r n Here C ( &kappa; ) = &rho; 1 p 1 ( 1 - 1 - p 1 * &kappa; 2 / &rho; 1 2 ) And κ 2=x 2+ τ y 2
This method produces the asymmetry that needs according to the value of giving parameter τ between level and vertical shape.Operation parameter set 5C type is also got τ=0, makes the eyeglass of horizontal direction curvature 3.5D and vertical direction curvature 0.0D on the summit.The character that obtains is along level and vertically meridian variation, as shown in figure 10.Isoline shown in Figure 11 provides visual property and the character of eyeglass in the 40mm aperture in the field of 40 ° of eyes rotation.The vision prism is pressed the 0.25D stride and is drawn, and refraction error press the center range drafting of 0.025D stride around ± 0.005D.The eyeglass prism is pressed the 1.0D increment and is drawn.Surface elevation is pressed the 5mm stride and is drawn around the central field in the 0.25mm of summit.Lens thickness is drawn by the positive increment of+0.025mm in equaling the fields inside of central value, and outside this fields inside, draws by-0.02mm stride.The front surface astigmatism is pressed the 4.0D stride and is drawn around the 1.0D band.
Typical frame aperture shape as long as grasp the vertically short length of part of eyeglass, is necessary so strengthen vertical bending often.Therefore, we get τ=0 design eyeglass with the parameter set merging of 5C type.The horizontal direction curvature 3.5D on this eyeglass summit and vertical direction curvature 7.0D.Its feature is in Fig. 2 A, 12 and 13 explanations.Please note the symmetry that lower inclination refraction error and they rotate eyes.
These symmetric variations play an important role to surperficial astigmatism feature, as shown in the isoline of Figure 11 and 12.Though eyeglass all has zero refraction astigmatism at optical axis, the surface does not have umbilical point on this axle, and replaces double-curved surface.To this routine eyeglass, the former is divided into a pair of umbilical point in each lip-deep umbilical point, is positioned on the axle of low curvature.Replacing outside umbilical ring, is the external rings of low surperficial astigmatism, four umbilical arcs that it comprises and two radials intersect.Along with the increase of average surface curvature, these arcs become more approaching. The eyeglass of proofreading and correct on example 7 optics
Houston and co-worker (United States Patent (USP) 5,648,832,5,689,832 and 6,010,218) describe in detail, and whole and two lens are wrapped up in the motion and the sun protection safety goggles of face, and their lens unit is necessary to carry out " proofreading and correct on the optics ".They point out in first aspect, and the eyeglass of proofreading and correct on the optics must attenuation gradually from the center to the edge, claims: " preferably, lens thickness but not necessarily must be linearly glossily, from maximum ga(u)ge attenuation gradually ... to the thin thickness of outer ledge ".In second aspect, they emphasize, to with parcel and hold together the eyeglass that the face structure is worn, the optical quality of positive sight line " by the term that uses in this instructions; be meant the eyeglass that shows low relatively distortion; this distortion is the orientation when wearing, with one of face amount or a plurality of measurement down: prism distortion, refractive optical power and astigmatism ".Target capabilities on the positive sight line, to error, prism and refraction error, low as 1/4D at least, preferably less than 1/8D, more preferably less than 1/16D, and the most preferably less than 1/32D.
From in history, non-corrected lens be before and the rear surface same curvature make, or traverse the eyeglass aperture, with fixing slide calliper rule thickness making.Modern age, eyeglass was made of polycarbonate usually, and center thickness reaches about 1.5mm, for enough sagitta of arc degree of depth are arranged, satisfied the motion and the sun safety goggles parcel of two lens and held together the needs of face, and they have 8 or the basic curvature of 9D.If this eyeglass is by same front and rear curved, they are rapid attenuation from the center to the edge, and positive back summit focal power pact+0.095D is arranged.If they have constant thickness, then they be have an appointment-0.17D after the low negative eyeglass of summit focal power.Two kinds of eyeglasses do not have a kind of standard that satisfies the high-performance eyeglass.For example, CEN 1836 " Sunglass﹠amp; Sunglass Filter forGeneral Use " requirement, in the district of 10mm radius, the average sphere focal power drops in 0.00 ± 0.09D scope.Therefore, lens thickness must attenuation gradually from the center to the edge, but can not be quick as preceding and the same crooked eyeglass in rear surface.
Table 6A and 6B show three kinds of non-corrected lens character that 9.0D sphere front surface is arranged.The eyeglass that is called " 9.0D sphere " has zero refractive optical power and by the thickness of the attenuation of spherical face definition on optical axis.The eyeglass that is called " 9.0D concentric spherical " has constant thickness, and is negative eyeglass.The eyeglass that is called " 9.0D aspheric surface " has zero refractive optical power on optical axis, and has proofreaied and correct, makes it to traverse wide visual field and keeps zero average light focal power, and this wide visual field is corresponding to the vision from back vertex distance 27.0mm.Its attenuation gradually from the center to the edge is slightly faster than spherical eyeglass.In table 7A and 7B, we show the character of three kinds of eyeglasses for relatively, promptly have the identical sagitta of arc degree of depth to reach the embodiment of the invention of the basic sphere of 9D at lens edge.These eyeglasses have 0.0,3.5 and the vertex curvature of 5.0D, indicate that their optical property is drawn with curve at Fig. 9.Enumerate the arbitrary eyeglass in the example above similar, the slide calliper rule thickness of these eyeglasses traverses the whole aperture of watching attentively, substantially constant, or leave optical centre and slowly increase.Their slide calliper rule thickness descends to lens edge; This slide calliper rule thickness drops to below the center thickness the zero curvature top beyond 60 ° of field angle, 55 ° of 3.5D top curvature and 50 ° of 5.0D top curvature in addition in addition.Optical centre is not a point of maximum thickness.
Secondary surface design according to prior art has the eyeglass than the embodiment of the invention of constant wall thickness, will negative average light focal power be arranged and the negative inclination average light focal power error of increase is arranged in the field, side at optical centre.But they do not present the trend of this performance (table 7) of any trend.Do not have optical parallax on the optical axis (corresponding to turning axle), and droop error is generally less than, or roughly is equal to field angle and reaches 50 ° or bigger spherical eyeglass.Therefore, according to this eyeglass embodiment of the embodiment of the invention, the optical correction of deferring to definition is different from the understanding of people such as prior art and Houston in offering some clarification on basically.
In aspect the definition of eyeglass embodiment of the present invention, provide a kind of non-corrected lens, when wearing with optical axis coincidence basically with positive sight line, eyeglass applying wearer's the shape of face, wherein: when wearing, traverse an approximate aperture corresponding, do not keep to attenuation the thickness of eyeglass gradually with watching the field attentively; On the positive sight line when wearing, error significantly refraction or prism and; When eyes traverse when watching rotation attentively and entering surrounding visual field, inclination refractive optical power error remains little.
Figure G2009100021079D00461
Table 6A.To three kinds of non-corrected lens that 9.0D sphere front surface is arranged: spherical, non-spherical and constant thickness eyeglass, list physical size: slide calliper rule thickness, front surface height (sagitta of arc degree of depth) and the corresponding eyes anglec of rotation as the radial distance function.
Figure G2009100021079D00471
Table 6B.The optical property as eyes anglec of rotation function of table 6A eyeglass.This aspherical lens has been corrected to zero average light focal power.
Figure G2009100021079D00481
Table 7A.To three kinds of non-corrected lens of non-secondary front surface and 0.0,3.5D and 5.0D vertex curvature are arranged according to the embodiment of the invention, list physical size as the radial distance function.
Figure G2009100021079D00491
Table 7B.The optical property as eyes anglec of rotation function of table 7A eyeglass. The optimization of example 8 eyeglass characteristics
Have the surface of the eyeglass rear surface of predetermined front surface to proofread and correct, can rely on the help of computing method, these computing method comprise the use of merit function, the quantification that concerns between character that reaches and the target capabilities purpose.This merit function is usually based on observed refraction error, and these refraction errors are, average light focal power error MPE, astigmatism or cylinder error and RMS focal power error RMSPE (also claiming that RMS is fuzzy), wherein RMSPE = [ MPE ] 2 + 1 4 [ CylError ] 2
Additional merit function also can comprise the optical prism error of eyeglass and such as the rate of change of character such as fuzzy and prism, for example:
Figure G2009100021079D00501
Figure G2009100021079D00502
Two kinds of eyeglass examples that adopt these two merit functions to be used to optimize draw in Figure 14 A and 14B respectively.Front surface is described by the combination of two spheres, as example 4, but makes up with following weighting function W (r) W ( r ) = 1 1 + n r p .
Front surface is the surface that table 4C describes.It has parameter sets
Parameter Value
N 2.5e-9
P 5.32
ρ 1(B 1) 122.55mm (4.32D)
Parameter Value
ρ 2(B 2) 50.45mm (10.51D)
Corresponding rear surface constitutes by add the 10th rank polynomial expression to this front surface, the optical correction that is used to provide essential with the relevant performance of selecting of merit function.In another embodiment, n is 1 * 10 -12To 1 * 10 -13Scope and p in 8 to 9 scope.
The value of RMS focal power error E MSPE, and optical prism | prism | the amplitude of (rotation), represent by watching in the field eyes rotation angle attentively.Also show static optical prism amplitude simultaneously | prism | (static state), should | prism | (static state) is that the pupil diaphragm when staring forward with reference to the wearer is determined.The sagitta of arc degree of depth of eyeglass slide calliper rule thickness and front surface is listed as the radial position function with respect to the eyeglass axis of symmetry.
The figure of merit-1 (Figure 14 A) has obtained significantly low static prism amplitude, particularly in the periphery field.But RMS focal power error is traversed and is watched a rising fast attentively, particularly when for example comparing with Fig. 4 A prior art spheric glass, has reached critical height.This eyeglass is use the RMS fuzzy optimization by traversing to watch attentively, makes the minimum and acquisition in leaving the about 60 ° periphery of field angle of static prism amplitude again subsequently.Second merit function, promptly the figure of merit-2 (Figure 14 B) discloses much lower RMS focal power error amount, traverses the whole field of watching attentively, and it is worth approximately less than 0.50D.Here point out once more that RMS is fuzzy to be optimized in the interior angle scope, become minimum for about 50 ° leaving field angle but be the rate of change that makes static prism now.The relatively announcement of RMS focal power error when eyes rotate 40 °, RMS focal power error is lacked three times than the figure of merit-1 at identical point at least, and simultaneously, static prism is compared with the figure of merit-1 of identical point, and is only slightly bigger when 40 ° of field angle.Obviously, the figure of merit-2 is optimized merit function, can traverse whole visual field, makes between fuzzy amplitude of RMS and the static prism compromise.Because in the external field of the figure of merit-2, it is less selecting RMS focal power error, so static optical prism allows here to increase.
Two comparisons of having optimized eyeglass show that also the figure of merit-2 allows lens thickness is had bigger control.According to the present invention of present explanation, traverse whole eyeglasses aperture that the field is watched in sealing attentively, there is not attenuation gradually to the periphery field.Different with the eyeglass of the figure of merit-1, can see, near watch attentively the field enter the periphery the border time, attenuation significantly increases gradually, the eyeglass of the figure of merit-2, near lens edge, before thickness is beginning to reduce back central value, only slightly the increase.
Equally, by merging two vertex curvature B 1And B 2Non-spherical surface, can be used in the eyeglass that structure is optimized according to the merit function of selecting.With identical weighting function W described above (r), make up two non-spherical surfaces, make last non-rotating symmetrical surface that following form be arranged z ( r , &lambda; ) = W ( r ) * ( &rho; 1 - &rho; 1 2 - &lambda; 2 ) + ( 1 - W ( r ) ) * ( &rho; 2 - &rho; 2 2 - &lambda; 2 ) Here r = x 2 + y 2 , With &lambda; = ( ax ) 2 + ( by ) 2
The parameter sets of front surface is:
Parameter Value
N 2.5e-9
P 5.32
A 1
B 0.7
ρ 1(B 1) 122.55mm (4.32D)
ρ 2(B 2) 50.45mm (10.51D)
Here along the curvature of vertical section, general more smooth now than curvature along horizontal section.
The asymmetric eyeglass of Xing Chenging is used the figure of merit-2 function optimization like this.The optics that obtains, surface and eyeglass character change along level and vertical meridian, and draw at Figure 15 and 16.The isoline of Figure 16, optical property and eyeglass in the aperture of 40mm radius and the surface nature of representative in the field of ± 40 ° of eyes rotations.Optical prism and refraction error are pressed the 0.1D stride and are drawn.The front surface height draws at interval by 2mm and the eyeglass prism is drawn at interval by 0.25D.Lens thickness is pressed from the interval of 2.00mm central value 0.05mm and is drawn, and the front surface astigmatism is drawn to press increment 4D from first isoline of 1D.
Front surface no longer is a umbilical in the geometric center of eyeglass, sees to have only two partial sphere points along vertical meridian.Along the curvature of horizontal section, dividing from central division to side end increases, and the maximal value of curvature is slightly leaning on the centre position, in other preferred embodiment unanimities of the present invention.Eyeglass does not have outside umbilical district, but presents the angled section of maximum surperficial astigmatism really.Do not reflect or prism.
About the error on the positive sight line, the inclination refraction error along level and vertical both direction, all is symmetrical in positive sight line both sides.Equally, according to one aspect of the present invention, traverse the major part of watching the field attentively, lens thickness is not kept to attenuation gradually.
, the various aspects and the characteristic of the embodiment of the invention has been discussed with reference to some example of enumerating and embodiment.But the present invention is subjected to the content protecting of following claims regulation, can not think aspect and the characteristic limitations that do not enumerated by claims.

Claims (14)

1. optical mirror slip unit, first and second surfaces with non-secondary, wherein, described surface is described according to the merging of sharing the mathematics surface of identical axis of symmetry to two, described merging according to its value along with the weighting function that leaves the axis of symmetry variable in distance carries out.
2. according to the optical mirror slip unit of claim 1, two mathematics surfaces wherein are two spherical functions with different radius-of-curvature.
3. according to the optical mirror slip unit of claim 1, two mathematics surfaces wherein are two aspheric surface functions.
4. according to the optical mirror slip unit of claim 3, wherein, (r λ) is described by following equation the surface elevation z on the plane, summit of distance first lens surface
z ( r , &lambda; ) = W ( r ) * ( &rho; 1 - &rho; 1 2 - &lambda; 2 ) + ( 1 - W ( r ) ) * ( &rho; 2 - &rho; 2 2 - &lambda; 2 )
Here And here
ρ 1It is the first mathematical table radius surface;
ρ 2It is the second mathematical table radius surface;
r = x 2 + y 2 ;
&lambda; = ( ax ) 2 + ( by ) 2 ; With
A, b, n and p are the constants of this lens unit.
5. the safety goggles that has a pair of optical mirror slip unit, each lens unit has first and second surface and sagitta of arc degree of depth of 10mm at least of non-secondary, according to the merging of sharing the mathematics surface of identical axis of symmetry to two described surface is described, described merging according to its value along with the weighting function that leaves the axis of symmetry variable in distance carries out, wherein the optical axis of each lens unit aligns with wearer's respective faces sight line, and safety goggles does not wherein have binocular parallax in side commentaries on classics and gather scattered sport.
6. according to the safety goggles of claim 5, lens unit wherein the wearer watch attentively in the field promising zero on average pass through focal power.
7. according to the safety goggles of claim 6, lens unit wherein in inclined field on average be by focal power-0.50 arrive+scope of 0.125D in.
8. non-corrected lens unit, when wearing when aliging with wearer's positive sight line with its optical axis, this non-corrected lens unit applying wearer shape of face,
Lens unit wherein has first and second surface and the thickness of non-secondary, describes described surface according to the merging of sharing the mathematics surface of identical axis of symmetry to two, described merging according to its value along with the weighting function that leaves the axis of symmetry variable in distance carries out;
Lens unit wherein has the sagitta of arc degree of depth of 10mm at least; And
Wherein the lens unit of the thickness of lens unit when wearing whole watched attentively and is constant on the field.
9. according to the non-corrected lens unit of claim 8, wherein on optical axis, there is not optical parallax.
10. according to the non-corrected lens unit of claim 9, wherein RMS focal power error is low to moderate 0.75D at least on the outer boundary of watching the field attentively.
11. according to the non-corrected lens unit of claim 9, wherein the astigmatism error is low to moderate 0.75D at least on the outer boundary of watching the field attentively.
12. according to the non-corrected lens unit of claim 9, wherein the average angle rate of growth on the whole aperture corresponding with watching the field attentively, is 40mD/ degree field angle or littler on the amplitude of rotation and static prism component.
13. according to the non-corrected lens unit of claim 9, wherein the average angle rate of growth on static prism component amplitude, from the positive sight line of lens unit to outermost peripheral, less than the 60mD/ degree.
14. according to the non-corrected lens unit of claim 8, lens unit is wherein being watched thickening outside the venue attentively.
CN2009100021079A 2003-12-03 2004-12-02 Shaped non-corrective eyewear lenses and methods for providing same Active CN101520553B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US52628903P 2003-12-03 2003-12-03
US60/526,289 2003-12-03
US10/873,214 US7134752B2 (en) 2003-12-03 2004-06-23 Shaped non-corrective eyewear lenses and methods for providing same
US10/873,214 2004-06-23

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN200480041156A Division CN100587550C (en) 2003-12-03 2004-12-02 Shaped non-corrective eyewear lenses and methods for providing same

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101520553A CN101520553A (en) 2009-09-02
CN101520553B true CN101520553B (en) 2010-10-06

Family

ID=37700838

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2009100021083A Active CN101493584B (en) 2003-12-03 2004-12-02 Shaped non-corrective eyewear lenses and methods for providing same
CN200480041156A Active CN100587550C (en) 2003-12-03 2004-12-02 Shaped non-corrective eyewear lenses and methods for providing same
CN2009100021079A Active CN101520553B (en) 2003-12-03 2004-12-02 Shaped non-corrective eyewear lenses and methods for providing same

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2009100021083A Active CN101493584B (en) 2003-12-03 2004-12-02 Shaped non-corrective eyewear lenses and methods for providing same
CN200480041156A Active CN100587550C (en) 2003-12-03 2004-12-02 Shaped non-corrective eyewear lenses and methods for providing same

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (3) CN101493584B (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016112023A1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-04 Carl Zeiss Ag Component, computer program, eye glass system and kit
US10330950B2 (en) * 2017-02-23 2019-06-25 Indizen Optical Technologies of America, LLC Progressive lenses with reduced peripheral mean sphere
CN114617533B (en) * 2022-05-13 2022-08-16 成都尚医信息科技有限公司 Nutrition condition determination system based on three-dimensional reconstruction

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1263606A (en) * 1998-06-04 2000-08-16 索拉国际控股有限公司 Shaped ophthalmic lenses
US6106118A (en) * 1999-09-05 2000-08-22 Johnson & Johnson Vision Products, Inc. Progressive addition lenses

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1263606A (en) * 1998-06-04 2000-08-16 索拉国际控股有限公司 Shaped ophthalmic lenses
US6454408B1 (en) * 1998-06-04 2002-09-24 Sola International Holdings, Ltd. Shaped ophthalmic lenses
US6106118A (en) * 1999-09-05 2000-08-22 Johnson & Johnson Vision Products, Inc. Progressive addition lenses

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1910502A (en) 2007-02-07
CN100587550C (en) 2010-02-03
CN101493584A (en) 2009-07-29
CN101493584B (en) 2010-10-06
CN101520553A (en) 2009-09-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11067832B2 (en) Lens element
US7134752B2 (en) Shaped non-corrective eyewear lenses and methods for providing same
US20210048690A1 (en) Lens element
CN101855590B (en) Ophthalmic lens element
US20070019153A1 (en) Multifocal contact lens
US5969790A (en) Multi prism image enhancing lens system and method of making same
US20230128895A1 (en) Lens element
JP3617004B2 (en) Double-sided aspherical progressive-power lens
CN101713871A (en) Ophthalmic lens correcting foveal vision and peripheral vision and production method thereof
EP3526641B1 (en) Reduced distortion spectacle lens
GB2130392A (en) Method of making an ophthalmic progressive power lens
CN106526890B (en) A kind of progressive multi-focus lens and preparation method thereof for glasses wearer&#39;s customization
CN101520553B (en) Shaped non-corrective eyewear lenses and methods for providing same
US8757799B2 (en) Progressive multifocal ophthalmic lens
JP3038745B2 (en) Eyeglass lens
US20230213785A1 (en) Lens element
US11378818B2 (en) Lens element
EP3923061A1 (en) Lens element
JP2004126256A (en) Double-side aspherical progressive power lens
US4573776A (en) Biconvex aphakic prosthetic lens
WO1997023804A1 (en) Multi prism image enhancing lens system and method of making same
CN110333609A (en) A kind of how progressive focus-variable lens and glasses
JPH04217225A (en) Near/intermediate distance region no-distortion farsighted lens

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant