CN101522263A - 用于治疗伤口的便携式超声装置 - Google Patents

用于治疗伤口的便携式超声装置 Download PDF

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CN101522263A
CN101522263A CNA2007800383168A CN200780038316A CN101522263A CN 101522263 A CN101522263 A CN 101522263A CN A2007800383168 A CNA2007800383168 A CN A2007800383168A CN 200780038316 A CN200780038316 A CN 200780038316A CN 101522263 A CN101522263 A CN 101522263A
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艾拉兹·巴巴耶夫
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
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    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
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    • B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B17/225—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy [ESWL], e.g. by using ultrasonic waves
    • A61B17/2251—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy [ESWL], e.g. by using ultrasonic waves characterised by coupling elements between the apparatus, e.g. shock wave apparatus or locating means, and the patient, e.g. details of bags, pressure control of bag on patient
    • A61B2017/2253—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy [ESWL], e.g. by using ultrasonic waves characterised by coupling elements between the apparatus, e.g. shock wave apparatus or locating means, and the patient, e.g. details of bags, pressure control of bag on patient using a coupling gel or liquid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B2017/320004—Surgical cutting instruments abrasive
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B2017/320084—Irrigation sleeves

Abstract

公开了用于使用超声能量治疗伤口的装置和方法。这种便携式伤口治疗装置可通过与超声尖端直接接触和/或通过流体耦合介质向伤口传递超声能量。公开了几种专门设计成将超声能量集中并聚集到伤口上的超声尖端。超声尖端也可以具有研磨的外周边界，以辅助清除伤口和/或去除坏死的组织。公开的发明在治疗伤口时可具有多种有益的效果，例如消毒伤口，减少外部出血，和/或缓解疼痛。

Description

用于治疗伤口的便携式超声装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种便携式超声伤口(wound)治疗装置，其应用于医院、医生诊所、救护车中，和/或被战场上的士兵使用。
背景技术
有很多种用于治疗伤口的已知装置和方法。这些方法包括伤口敷料、高压氧治疗、生长因子治疗、抗生素、外科手术、理疗、真空治疗、电刺激、生物工程组织(bioengineered tissue)，和紫外线疗法。也有多种利用超声能量来治疗伤口的已知装置和方法。
公开使用超声喷雾(ultrasound spray)来治疗伤口的装置和方法的美国专利包括：Babaev的6,478,754号专利、Babaev的6,761,729号专利、Babaev的6,533,803号专利、Babaev的6,569,099号专利、Babaev的6,663,554号专利，以及最后Babaev的6,960,173号专利。这些装置和方法只能够取得有限的效果，因为这些装置和方法因缺少与目标区域的直接接触而不能充分地传导超声能量。Soring的7,025,735和6,916,296号美国专利公开了一种同时利用液体气溶胶和直接接触来治疗腐烂的伤口的方法和装置。然而，Soring的方法和装置并不打算用在新鲜的或急性的伤口上。Babaev的美国专利申请2004/0030254公开了一种通过超声尖端中的机械振动来进行超声伤口清创术的装置和方法。
发明内容
公开了用于治疗伤口的便携式装置和方法。这种便携式装置的实施方式可包括超声尖端、超声换能器、发生器、电源以及流体供给装置(fluidsupply)。所述超声换能器、发生器和电源可以位于壳体元件内，而超声尖端可以伸出外壳/壳体元件。所述超声装置可以由一节电池或多节电池供电和/或由外部电源供电。
所述超声尖端通常包括两部分：聚能器部分(concentrator portion)和辐射部分。辐射部分的最大直径可以比通向辐射部分的聚能器部分的最小直径大了大约两倍或更多倍。聚能器部分和辐射部分之间直径的这种大小的比例足以电离水并生成自由基。聚能器部分连接到辐射部分的位置可以落在经过超声尖端的超声波的节点(nodal point)上或该节点附近。所述辐射部分的远端可以落在经过超声尖端的超声波的波腹(anti-nodal point)上或该波腹附近。所述辐射部分的远端的形状可以是凹形的、圆锥形的、特殊的凹-凸形设计或允许超声尖端聚集超声能量的类似的形状。平坦的远端辐射部分也可与便携式伤口护理装置一起使用。辐射部分的外周边界可包括研磨的元件以允许精确地清除伤口并刮除坏死的组织。研磨的元件的例子包括，但不限于锯齿状的突起、锐利的边缘，和砂纸状材料，所有这些都具有在表面进行刮除的能力。
超声能量可以通过流体耦合介质(fluid coupling medium)传递到伤口。流体耦合介质可通过装置外部的工具传递。外部传递流体耦合介质的例子可以是将流体耦合介质施加到辐射部分，随后传递到伤口。流体耦合介质也可通过装置内部的工具传递。内部传递可经由位于超声尖端内的腔来实现，所述腔开始于流体入口，且终止于位于超声尖端的辐射部分的远端上的一个孔。流体进入点可落在经过超声尖端的超声波的节点上或该节点附近。流体供给装置可以与装置分离和/或连接到装置。流体，例如但不限于可与装置使用的自来水、蒸馏水、盐水、抗生素和/或消炎剂(anti-inflammatory)。
所公开的装置可以将超声能量、机械能量以及流体耦合介质聚集到伤口上。如果流体在高压下被引入装置，则会引起射流喷射形状(jet streamspray pattern)。如果流体在低压下被引入，则会引起雾化喷射(atomizedspray)。在耦合介质从孔传递到辐射部分上时，在耦合介质中可产生空穴(cavitation)，和/或在耦合介质积聚在伤口表面上时，在耦合介质中可产生空穴。超声能量也可以通过与辐射部分的接触而被传递到伤口。
使用公开的装置的治疗伤口的方法将根据治疗的伤口的类型和/或情况而改变。优选最初在距离伤口一段距离处借助流体耦合介质传递超声能量。超声地激发的流体可以冲洗伤口并减缓治疗的疼痛。冲洗之后，可期望用超声尖端接触伤口。可用超声尖端的远端辐射部分接触伤口，但优选用辐射部分的外周边界接触伤口，特别是当辐射部分有研磨的元件时。超声尖端可以跨过伤口表面移动，以清除伤口和/或去除坏死的组织。公开的这种方法利用来自流体耦合介质和超声尖端的超声能量以及机械能量来治疗伤口。
附图说明
图1a是用于治疗伤口的便携式超声装置的实施方式的截面图。
图1b是通过图1a中图示的便携式超声装置的实施方式的尖端的超声波的传播的图示。
图1c是图1a中图示的便携式超声装置的实施方式的透视图。
图2a是可与图1中图示的便携式超声装置一起使用的具有一个平坦的远端辐射部分和一个中心孔的超声尖端的实施方式的截面图。
图2b是可与图1中图示的便携式超声装置一起使用的具有一个凹形的远端辐射部分和一个中心孔的超声尖端的实施方式的截面图。
图2c是可与图1中图示的便携式超声装置一起使用的具有一个特殊的凹凸形的远端辐射部分和一个中心孔的超声尖端的实施方式的截面图。
图2d是可与图1中图示的便携式超声装置一起使用的具有一个圆锥形的远端辐射部分和一个中心孔的超声尖端的实施方式的截面图。
图2e是可与图1中图示的便携式超声装置一起使用的具有一个凹面和槽(chamfer)的远端辐射部分而没有孔的超声尖端的实施方式的截面图。
图3a是可与图1中图示的便携式超声装置一起使用的具有锯齿状突起的超声尖端的外周边界的实施方式的截面图。
图3b是可与图1中图示的便携式超声装置一起使用的具有锐利的切缘的超声尖端的外周边界的实施方式的截面图。
图3c是可与图1中图示的便携式超声装置一起使用的具有砂纸状表面的超声尖端的外周边界的实施方式的截面图。
实现发明的最优模式
公开了一种用于治疗伤口的方法和装置。公开的装置和方法的优选实施方式在附图中示出并在下面进行了详细的描述。
图1a是用于便携式超声伤口治疗装置的实施方式的截面图。该实施方式包括通过电线103连接到发生器102的电源10l、通过电线105连接到一个超声换能器104的发生器102，以及超声尖端106。电源101可以是一节电池或多节电池，所述一节电池或多节电池可以是可再充电的。在所描述的实施方式中，电源101位于该装置内；在其他实施方式中，该装置可连接到一外部电源。电源101给发生器102提供电流，发生器102提供交流电压信号以驱动换能器104。换能器104将交流电压信号转换为超声尖端106内部的机械运动，超声尖端106最终将超声能量传递至伤口。电源101、发生器102、换能器104、和/或电线103和105可以被封装在外壳113内。
超声尖端106包括聚能器部分107和辐射部分108。聚能器部分107的近端与换能器104相接触(contact with)。聚能器部分107的远端与辐射部分108的近端相接触。辐射部分108的远端的最大直径D应当大于或者等于通向辐射部分108的远端的聚能器部分107的最小直径d，直径D大约比直径d大两倍或者更多倍，直径D还优选为至少13毫米。所述的本实施方式还包括流体供给装置109。示例性的流体供给装置109是注射器。流体供给装置可以是与伤口治疗装置分离的和/或流体供给装置可以连接到伤口治疗装置。紧固件110可用于将流体供给装置109连接到伤口治疗装置。流体耦合介质可以很多方式从流体供给装置109传递到伤口：流体可以从流体供给装置109直接传递到超声尖端106的辐射部分108的远端，和/或流体可从流体供给装置109传递到靠近于聚能器部分107的超声尖端106的径向表面上的入口111。传递到流体入口111的流体可以通过一个位于超声尖端106内的腔112行进，并最终通过超声尖端106的辐射部分108远端中的孔113传递到伤口。优选地，孔113位于辐射部分108的远端的中心。可选择地或以组合的方式，流体入口111可位于装置的近端和/或腔112可开始于超声尖端106的近端表面而终止于孔113。可以使用例如，但不限于自来水、蒸馏水、盐水、抗生素、消炎剂的流体。
图1b是通过上述实施方式的超声尖端的超声波的振幅的传播的图示。流体入口111和聚能器部分107的远端与辐射部分108近端相接触的位置可以落在节点上或节点附近。辐射部分108的远端可以落在波腹上或波腹附近。
图1c是图1a中图示的实施方式的透视图。如图所示，装置还可包括位于外壳113上的电源开关114。
图2a-2e图示了可与图1a中图示的实施方式一起使用的超声尖端的多种实施方式。图2a图示了一种具有一辐射部分212、一流体供给口111和一个孔113的超声尖端201，所述辐射部分212包括一平坦的远端202。图2b图示了一种具有一辐射部分213、一流体供给口111和一个孔113的超声尖端203，所述辐射部分213包括一凹形的远端204。图2c图示了一种具有一辐射部分214、一流体供给口111和一个孔113的超声尖端205，所述辐射部分214包括一凸-凹设计的远端206。图2d图示了一种具有一辐射部分215、一流体供给口111和一个孔113的超声尖端207，所述辐射部分215包括一圆锥形的远端208。图2e图示了一种具有一辐射部分216的超声尖端209，所述辐射部分216包括具有槽的凹形的远端210，便于流体的外部传递。在图示的实施方式中，流体从出口211直接传递到辐射部分216的远端210。优选地，出口211和超声尖端209的辐射部分216的远端210之间的距离x应当比从出口211传递的液滴217的直径小。
图3a-3c图示了可与图2a-2e中图示的超声尖端一起使用的研磨的外周边缘的不同的实施方式。可选择地或者组合地使用图示的研磨的外周边缘。图3a图示了一种包括具有齿状突起301的外周边界的超声尖端的实施方式。图3b图示了一种包括锐利的切缘302的超声尖端的实施方式。图3c图示了一种包括砂纸状表面303的超声尖端的实施方式。图示的研磨的外周边缘允许精确地清除伤口并刮除不想要的表面组织。
在一种治疗伤口的方法中，超声能量最初从距伤口一段距离处借助流体耦合介质传递。这种超声地激发(activate)的流体耦合介质可以冲洗伤口并用来缓解治疗伤口的疼痛。冲洗之后，超声尖端可开始接触伤口。可用超声尖端的辐射部分的远端接触伤口，但优选用研磨的外周边界接触伤口。超声装置可被纵向地移动以用研磨的外周边界去除坏死的组织，同时连续清除伤口并超声地治疗伤口。装置可以在单个方向上被移动或其可以来回移动。传递超声能量的方式可依赖于被治疗的伤口的类型和/或情况。
超声能量的强度可以通过超声参数和治疗时间的改变而被控制，所述超声参数比如频率、振幅。超声能量的强度应为至少0.1watt/cm2。优选强度范围约为1watt/cm2-10watt/cm2，更加优选的范围约为1watt/cm2-2watt/cm2。推荐的超声能量强度为约2watt/cm2。换能器可在20kHz-40MHz频率范围下工作。换能器工作的优选的频率范围为30kHz-50kHz，推荐的换能器工作的频率值为30kHz。换能器可以至少1微米的振幅位移。优选振幅范围为约5微米-150微米，更加优选的振幅范围为约60微米-80微米。推荐的振幅值为约80微米。发生器可具有根据治疗的伤口而产生连续的、脉冲的、固定的，和/或调制的频率的能力。发生器还可具有产生不同类型的波形的能力，所述波形例如但不限于正弦波形、方波形、梯形波形和三角波形。
应认识到，用单数冠词，如“一(a)”、“一(an)”和/或“该(the)”描述的元件，和/或以其它方式单数地描述的元件可以多数方式使用。还应认识到，以多数方式描述的元件也可单数地使用。
尽管已在这里示出并描述了设备和方法的具体实施方式，但本领域普通技术人员应认识到，意图达到相同目的的任何布置、组合和/或顺序可替代所显示的特定实施方式。应理解，上面的描述旨在说明而不是限制。通过阅览本公开的内容，对于本领域技术人员来说，上面的实施方式和其他实施方式的组合，以及上面的方法和有用的其他方法的组合与顺序将是明显的。
根据权利要求的设备和方法的范围，连同所述权利要求有权享有的等价形式的全部范围应参考随附的权利要求来确定。
工业适用性
公开的超声装置和使用方法实现了一种便携式伤口护理治疗系统。

Claims (22)

1.一种用于治疗伤口的便携式超声装置，包括：
a.电源；
b.发生器，其电连接到所述电源；
c.超声换能器，其包括远端，所述超声换能器电连接到所述发生器；
d.超声尖端，其连接到所述超声换能器的所述远端，所述超声尖端包括：
i.近端聚能器部分，其与所述换能器相接触；
ii.远端辐射部分，其包括外周边界，所述辐射部分连接到所述聚能器部分的远端，所述辐射部分的最大直径大约比所述聚能器部分的最小直径大两倍或更多倍；以及
e.流体供给装置，其能够将流体传递到所述辐射部分。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述换能器能够在约20kHz-40MHz的频率范围下工作。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述换能器能够在约30kHz-50kHz的优选频率范围下工作。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述换能器能够在约30kHz的推荐频率值下工作。
5.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述换能器能够位移至少1微米的振幅。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述换能器能够位移的优选振幅范围约为5-150微米。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述换能器能够位移的最优选振幅范围约为60-80微米。
8.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述换能器能够位移约80微米的振幅值。
9.如权利要求1所述的装置，其还包括在所述超声尖端内的腔，所述腔开始于所述超声尖端的径向表面，并且在所述远端辐射部分内的孔处打开，所述腔能够接收来自所述流体供给装置的流体。
10.如权利要求1所述的装置，其还包括在所述超声尖端内的腔，所述腔开始于所述超声尖端的近端表面，而在所述远端辐射部分内的孔处打开，所述腔能够接收来自所述流体供给装置的流体。
11.如权利要求9所述的装置，其特征还在于将所述流体供给装置与所述腔连接的流体入口。
12.如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征还在于将所述流体供给装置与所述腔连接的流体入口。
13.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述远端辐射部分的直径为约13毫米。
14.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述辐射部分具有粗糙的外周边界。
15.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述超声尖端具有平坦的远端辐射部分。
16.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述超声尖端具有凹形的远端辐射部分。
17.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述超声尖端具有凹-凸形的远端辐射部分。
18.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述超声尖端具有圆锥形的远端的辐射部分。
19.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述发生器能够产生连续的或脉冲的频率。
20.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述发生器能够产生固定的或调制的频率。
21.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于所述发生器能够产生选自由下述各项组成的组中的波形：正弦波形、方波形、梯形波形和三角波形。
22.一种用于治疗伤口的方法，包括以下步骤：
a.提供超声尖端，所述超声尖端包括：
i.聚能器部分；
ii.远端辐射部分，其包括具有研磨的元件的外周边界，连接到所述聚能器部分的远端，所述辐射部分的最大直径大约比所述聚能器部分的最小直径大两倍或更多倍；以及
b.提供流体供给装置，所述流体供给装置能够将流体耦合介质传递到辐射表面；
c.从所述超声尖端通过所述流体耦合介质传递超声能量；
d.用所述超声尖端的所述辐射部分的所述外周边界接触目标；
e.通过所述超声尖端的直接接触将超声能量传递到所述目标；以及
f.移动所述超声尖端。
CNA2007800383168A 2006-08-25 2007-08-23 用于治疗伤口的便携式超声装置 Pending CN101522263A (zh)

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