CN101589135B - 一种分离组合物及其使用方法 - Google Patents

一种分离组合物及其使用方法 Download PDF

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CN101589135B
CN101589135B CN200780037487.9A CN200780037487A CN101589135B CN 101589135 B CN101589135 B CN 101589135B CN 200780037487 A CN200780037487 A CN 200780037487A CN 101589135 B CN101589135 B CN 101589135B
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CN101589135A (zh
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罗伯持·C.雅吉
维托·J.阿尔塔维拉
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VARY Petrochem LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
    • C10G1/047—Hot water or cold water extraction processes

Abstract

本发明涉及采用有效而环境可接受方式从油砂中分离沥青以及从目前的残渣沉淀池中回收剩余沥青的组合物和方法。本发明提供了一种从油砂中分离沥青的方法，其包括将含有湿润剂、水溶助长剂和具有絮凝特性的分散剂的分离组合物与含有沥青和砂子的油砂相接触；加热分离组合物和油砂；搅动分离组合物和油砂；并作为分离产物回收沥青和砂子。

Description

一种分离组合物及其使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种从油砂中分离沥青的分离组合物及其使用方法，特别涉及采用有效而环境可接受方式从油砂中分离沥青以及从目前的残渣沉淀池中回收剩余沥青的组合物和方法。
背景技术
油砂，又称作“焦油砂”和“沥青砂”，是沥青(焦油)、砂和水的混合物。沥青是一种很重的粘性原油，具有较高的硫含量。沥青从油砂中进行正常分离后，沥青可以加工成合成原油，适合作为生产液体动力燃料、加热油和石油化工的原料。油砂田遍布世界各地。特别是，加拿大拥有巨大的矿藏，包括阿尔伯塔省的阿萨巴斯卡油砂，美国拥有犹他州油砂，在南美洲，委内瑞拉的奥林纳哥油砂，以及非洲的尼日利亚油砂。世界上已知石油中大多数都存在于油砂中。
沥青是很难以环境可接受方式有效地从油砂中分离。目前，人们从油砂中分离沥青的做法一般都只能获得可用沥青的85-92％。此外，目前，从油砂中分离沥青的方法包括在加工处理期间生成乳液，或者“泡沫体”，这要求使用对环境有害的有机溶剂-诸如石脑油-来“裂化”乳液，以便进一步加工处理。此外，油砂的砂子(以及其它颗粒物质，诸如粘土)部分中留存的沥青对生成重淤渣-通常称之为“残渣”-有一定作用。残渣由未回收的沥青、砂(和其它颗粒物质)以及水组成，目前处理残渣的做法是，将残渣注入到巨大的残渣沉淀池内，在这里，砂子和其它颗粒物质在几年期间缓慢沉淀和分层。
发明内容
本示范实施方案介绍了采用有效而环境可接受方式从油砂中分离沥青以及从目前的残渣沉淀池中回收剩余沥青的组合物和方法。
根据本实施方案的一个方面，提供了一种组合物，其包括一种分离组合物，该分离组合物包括在分离组合物重量中占大约0.001％到大约2.5％的湿润剂，一种水溶助长剂，和具有絮凝特性的分散剂，其特征在于，分离组合物的pH值大于7.5。
根据本实施方案的另一个方面，提供了一种分离组合物，其包括重量在大约0.001％到大约2.5％的湿润剂；重量在大约0.1％到大约4.0％的水溶助长剂；和重量在大约0.25％到大约4.5％的具有絮凝特性的分散剂。
根据本实施方案的另一个方面，提供了一种从油砂或残渣中分离沥青的分离组合物，其包括重量大约0.001％到大约2.5％的2，5，8，11-四甲基-6-十二炔-5，8-二醇乙氧基化物；重量在大约0.1％到大约4.0％的芳香族磷酸酯，其结构式是：
Figure G2007800374879D00021
式中，R1是一种C1-C5线性或支链烷基，n＝1到8；重量大约0.001％到大约4.5％的焦磷酸钠；重量大约0.00 1％到大约4.5％的焦磷酸四钾；重量大约2％到大约9.5％的氢氧化钠；和重量大约1.7％到大约8.6％的磷酸，其特征在于，分离组合物的pH值大约7.0到大约8.5之间。
根据本实施方案的另一个方面，提供了一种自油砂中分离沥青的方法，其包括：将含有湿润剂、水溶助长剂和具有絮凝特性的分散剂的分离组合物与含有沥青和砂子的油砂进行接触；加热分离组合物和油砂；搅拌分离组合物和油砂；以及作为分离产物回收沥青和砂子。
根据本实施方案的另一个方面，提供了一种自残渣中分离沥青的方法，其包括：将含有湿润剂、水溶助长剂和具有絮凝特性的分散剂的分离组合物与含有沥青和砂子的残渣进行接触；加热分离组合物和残渣；搅拌分离组合物和残渣；以及作为分离产物回收沥青和砂子。
在本文中，术语“大约”系指“近似”，而且，在任何情况下，都可能表示偏离所修正的数字多达10％。
在本文中，术语“基本无”系指数量小于大约0.1％。
在一个实施方案中，提供了一种成分，其包括一种分离组合物，该分离组合物含有一种占其大约0.001％到大约2.5％的湿润剂、一种水溶助长剂、以及一种具有絮凝特性的分散剂，其特征在于，该分离组合物的pH值大于7.5。
合适的湿润剂可以包括-例如-一种或多种如下成分：
DYNOLTM 607 Surfactant(Air Products and Chemicals，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D00031
420(AirProducts and Chemicals，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D00032
440(Air Products and Chemicals，Inc.)，465(Air Products and Chemicals，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D00034
485(AirProducts and Chemicals，Inc.)，DYNOLTM 604 Surfactant(Air Products andChemicals，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D00035
91-2.5(Tomah Products，Inc.)，91-6(Tomah Products，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D00037
91-8(Tomah Products，Inc)，
Figure G2007800374879D00038
1-3(Tomah Products，Inc.)，1-5(Tomah Products，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D000310
1-7(Tomah Products，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D000311
1-73B(Tomah Products，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D000312
1-9(Tomah Products，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D000313
23-1(Tomah Products，Inc.)，23-3(Tomah Products，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D000315
23-5(Tomah Products，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D000316
23-6.5(Tomah Products，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D000317
25-3(Tomah Products，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D000318
25-7(Tomah Products，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D000319
25-9(Tomah Products，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D000320
25-12(Tomah Products，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D000321
45-7(Tomah Products，Inc.)，45-13(Tomah Products，Inc)，TRITONTM X-207 Surfactant(DowChemical Company)，TRITONTM CA Surfactant(Dow Chemical Company)，NOVECTMFluorosurfactant FC-4434(3M Company)，POLYFOXTM AT-1 1 1 SB(OmnovaSolutions，Inc.)，ZON210(Dupont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000324
225(Dupont)，321(Dupont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000326
8740(Dupont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000327
8834L(Dupont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000328
8857A(Dupont)，8952(Dupont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000330
9027(Dupont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000331
9338(Dupont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000332
9360(Dupont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000333
9361(Dupont)，9582(Dupont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000335
9671(Dupont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000336
FS-300(Dupont)，FS-500(Dupont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000338
FS-610(Dupont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000339
1033D(Dupont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000340
FSE(DuPont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000341
FSK(DuPont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000342
FSH(DuPont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000343
FSJ(DuPont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000344
FSA(DuPont)，
Figure G2007800374879D000345
FSN-100(DuPont)，OP 30-70％(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000347
A 12 N(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000348
A 3 N(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000349
A 65 N(BASF)5A 9 N(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000351
AO 3(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000352
AO 4(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000353
AO 8(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000354
AT 25(BASF)，AT 55 PRILL SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000356
CF 10 90 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000357
DNP 10(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000358
NP 4(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000359
NP 10(BASF)，NP-100 PASTILLE(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000361
NP-6(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000362
NP-70-70％(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000363
NP-50(BASF)5
Figure G2007800374879D000364
NP 9(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000365
ON 40SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000366
ON 60(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000367
OP-IO(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000368
TDA 10 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000369
TDA 3 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000370
TDA6 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000371
TDA 9 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000372
XL 69(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000373
XL 100(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000374
XL 140(BASF)，XL 40(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00041
XL 50(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00042
XL 60(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00043
XL 70(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00044
XL 79(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00045
XL 80(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00046
XL 89(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00047
XL 90(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00048
XL 99(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00049
XP 100(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000410
XP 140(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000411
XP 30(BASF)，XP 40(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000413
XP 50(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000414
XP 60(BASF)5
Figure G2007800374879D000415
XP 69(BASF)，XP 70(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000417
XP 79(BASF)5
Figure G2007800374879D000418
XP 80(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000419
XP 89(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000420
XP 90(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000421
XP 99(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000422
16 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000423
CSA 20 POLYETHER(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000424
LA 12 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000425
LA 4 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000426
LF 1 10 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000427
LF 125 A SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000428
1651 SURFACTANT(BASF)，LDALauramine OXIDE(BASF)5A08A Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000431
B-26Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000432
B25-5 Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000433
D25Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000434
LF 1200 Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000435
LF 2210Surfactant(BASF)5
Figure G2007800374879D000436
LF 4030 Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000437
LF 7000Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000438
RA-20 Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000439
RA 30Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000440
RA 40 Surfactant(BASF)，RCS 43Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000442
RCS 48 Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000443
S205LFSurfactant(BASF)，S305LF Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000445
S505LFSurfactant(BASF)，SL 62 Surfactant(BASF)，SL 92Surfactant(BASF)5
Figure G2007800374879D000448
SL-22 Surfactant(BASF)，SL-42Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000450
SLF 37 Surfactant(BASF)1
Figure G2007800374879D000451
SLF-18Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000452
SLF-18B-45 Surfactant(BASF)5
Figure G2007800374879D000453
L 1220Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000454
10R5 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000455
17R2(BASF)，17R4(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000457
25R2(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000458
25R4(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000459
31R1(BASF)，F1 08 CAST SOLID SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000461
F 108 NF CAST SOLID SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000463
F 108 NF PRILLSURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000464
F 108 PASTILLE SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000465
F127 CAST SOLID SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000466
F1 27 NF PRILL Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000467
F127NF 500BHT CAST SOLID SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000468
F38 CASTSOLID SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000469
PASTILLE(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000470
F68 LFPASTILLE SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000471
Figure G2007800374879D000472
F68 CAST SOLID SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000473
F77 CAST SOLID SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000474
F-77 MICRO PASTILLESURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000475
F87 CAST SOLID SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000476
F88CAST SOLID SURFACTANT(BASF)3
Figure G2007800374879D000477
F98 CAST SOLID SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000478
L10 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000479
L101 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000480
L121 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000481
L31 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000482
L92SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000483
N-3 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000484
P 103SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00051
P 105 SURFACTANT(BASF)，P 123SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00053
P65 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00054
P84 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00055
P85 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00056
1 107 micro-P ASTILLESURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00057
1 107 SURFACTANT(BASF)，1301SURFACTANT(BASF)，1304 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000510
1307Surfactant(BASF)，1307 SURFACTANT PASTILLE(BASF)，150R1 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000513
304 SURFACTANT(BASF)，701SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000515
901 SURFACTANT(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000516
904 SURFACTANT(BASF)，908 CAST SOLID SURFACTANT(BASF)，和
Figure G2007800374879D000518
908PASTILLE SURFACTANT(BASF)，以及这些成分的混合物。
湿润剂可以包括一种或多种乙氧基炔醇，诸如，2，5，8，11-四甲基-6-十二炔-5，8-二醇乙氧基化物。
合适的水溶助长剂可以包括-例如-一种或多种如下成分，
Figure G2007800374879D000519
H-66(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000520
H-55(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000521
QS-44(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000522
XQS-20(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000523
X-15(Union Carbide Corporation)，
Figure G2007800374879D000524
X-35(Union CarbideCorpoiation)，
Figure G2007800374879D000525
X-45(Union Carbide Corporation)，
Figure G2007800374879D000526
X-114(UnionCarbide Corporation)，
Figure G2007800374879D000527
X-100(Union Carbide Corporation)，
Figure G2007800374879D000528
X-165(70％)active(Union Carbide Coiporation)，
Figure G2007800374879D000529
X-305(70％)active(Union Carbide Corporation)，
Figure G2007800374879D000530
X-405(70％)active(Union CarbideCorporation)，
Figure G2007800374879D000531
BG Nonionic Surfactant(Union Caibide Corporation)，
Figure G2007800374879D000532
MinFoam IX(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000533
L-61(Dow ChemicalCompany)，
Figure G2007800374879D000534
L-64(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000535
L-81(DowChemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000536
L-10I(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000537
NP-4(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000538
NP-6(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000539
NP-7(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000540
NP-8(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000541
NP-9(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000542
NP-11(Dow ChemicalCompany)，
Figure G2007800374879D000543
NP-12(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000544
NP-13(DowChemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000545
NP-15(Dow Chemical Company)，NP-30(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000547
NP-40(Dow Chemical Company)，
Figure G2007800374879D000548
420(Air Products and Chemicals，Inc.)，440(Air Products andChemicals，Inc)，
Figure G2007800374879D000550
465(Air Products and Chemicals，Inc.)，
Figure G2007800374879D000551
485(Air Products and Chemicals，Inc)，
Figure G2007800374879D000552
58 ESTER(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D000553
60A Surfactant(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00061
66 H ESTER(BASF)，
Figure G2007800374879D00062
81.35 ESTER(BASF)，M-60 ESTER(BASF)，6660 K Hydrotioping Phosphate Ester Salt(Budington Chemical)，Burofac 7580 Aromatic Phosphate Ester(BurlingtonChemical)，和Burofac 9125(Burlington Chemical)，以及这些成分的混合物。
水溶助长剂可以是一种或多种芳香族磷酸酯，诸如，一种具有如下结构式的芳香族磷酸酯：
Figure G2007800374879D00064
式中，R1是一种C1-C5线性或支链烷基，n＝1至8。
合适的具有絮凝特性的分散剂可以包括-例如-一种或多种酸式焦磷酸钠、焦磷酸四钾、磷酸一钠(H6NaO6P)、磷酸一铵((NHa)PO4)、酸式磷酸钠、磷酸三钠、三聚磷酸钠、三偏磷酸钠、月桂醇磷酸酯钠、亚磷酸钠、三磷酸五钾、三聚磷酸钾、三聚磷酸四硼酸钾、磷酸氢一钾、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸一钾、磷酸三钾，以及这些成分的混合物。
具有絮凝特性的分散剂可以包括一种或多种焦磷酸盐，包括-例如-一种或多种酸式焦磷酸钠和焦磷酸四钾。
在一个实施方案中，水溶助长剂在分离组合物重量中占大约0.4％到4.0％。，具有絮凝特性的分散剂在分离组合物重量中占大约0.25％到大约4.5％。
在一个实施方案中，分离组合物可以进一步包括一种强碱，诸如，碱金属和碱土金属氢氧化物，诸如，NaOH，KOH，Ba(OH)2，CsOH，SrOH，Ca(OH)2，LiOH，RbOH，NaH，LDA，以及NaNH2。在本文中，术语“强碱”是一种pH值大于大约13的化学组合物。强碱在分离组合物重量中可以在大约2％到大约9.5％之间。
在一个实施方案中，分离组合物可以进一步包括一种重酸，诸如，磷酸、硝酸、硫酸、氢叠氮酸、氢溴酸、高氯酸、氟酸、魔术酸(FSO3HSbF5)、碳硼烷酸(CHB11CI11)、三氟甲磺酸、乙酸，和乙酰水杨酸。在本文中，术语“重酸”系指一种比重大于大约1.5的酸。重酸在分离组合物重量中可占大约1.7％到大约8.6％之间。
在一个实施方案中，分离组合物的pH值可以大于7.5。分离组合物的pH值也可以在大约7.0到大约8.5之间。分离组合物的pH值也可以在大约7.6到大约7.8之间。
在另一个实施方案中，分离组合物可以基本上无有机溶剂。在本文中，术语“有机溶剂”是指有机化合物并含有碳原子-诸如石脑油-的溶剂。
除了分离组合物外，组合物还可以包括含有诸如油砂、残渣等物质的碳氢化合物。分离组合物与含有这些物质的碳氢化合物的比例可以是大约2∶3到大约3∶2。
在另一个实施方案中，提供了一种分离组合物，其包括重量大约在0.001％到大约2.5％的湿润剂；重量在大约0.1％到大约4.0％的水溶助长剂；以及重量在大约0.25％到大约4.5％的具有絮凝特性的分散剂。分离组合物的pH值可以大于7.5；在大约7.0到大约8.5之间；或者在大约7.6到大约7.8之间。湿润剂可以是-例如-2，5，8，11-四甲基-6-十二炔-5，8-二醇乙氧基化物。水溶助长剂可以是-例如66H芳香族磷酸酯。具有絮凝特性的分散剂可以是-例如-一种或多种酸式焦磷酸钠和焦磷酸四钾。
分离组合物可以进一步包括一种强碱，可以是-诸如-氢氧化钠。强碱在分离组合物重量中可占大约2％到大约9.5％。分离组合物可以进一步包括一种重酸，其可以是-例如-磷酸。重酸在分离组合物重量中占大约1.7％到大约8.6％。分离组合物也可以是基本上无有机溶剂。
在一个实施方案中，提供了一种可从油砂或残渣中分离沥青的分离组合物，其包括重量大约占0.001％到大约2.5％的2，5，8，11-四甲基-6-十二炔-5，8-二醇乙氧基化物；重量大约占0.1％到大约4.0％的芳香族磷酸酯，其结构式是：
式中，R1是一种C1-C5线性或支链烷基，n＝1到8；重量大约为0％到大约4.5％的焦磷酸钠；  重量大约为0％到大约4.5％的焦磷酸四钾；重量大约为2.0％到大约9.5％的氢氧化钠；以及重量大约为1.7％到大约8.6％的磷酸。分离组合物的pH值可以大约为7.0到大约8.5。另外，分离组合物也可以是基本上无有机溶剂。
在一个实施方案中，提供了一种从油砂中分离沥青的方法，其包括将含有湿润剂、水溶助长剂和具有絮凝特性的分散剂的分离组合物与含有沥青和砂子的油砂相接触；加热分离组合物和油砂；搅动分离组合物和油砂；并作为分离产物回收沥青和砂子。分离组合物的pH值可以大于7.5；可在大约7.0到大约8.5之间；或者可在大约7.6到大约7.8之间。
在一个实施方案中，示范方法中所使用的分离组合物可以包括重量大约在0.001％到大约2.5％的湿润剂；重量在大约0.1％到大约4.0％的水溶助长剂；以及重量在大约0.25％到大约4.5％的具有絮凝特性的分散剂。
在另一个实施方案中，示范方法中所使用的分离组合物可以包括重量在大约0.001％到大约2.5％的2，5，8，11-四甲基-6-十二炔-5，8-二醇乙氧基化物；重量在大约0.1％到大约4.0％的芳香族磷酸酯，其结构式如下：
Figure G2007800374879D00081
式中，R1是一种C1-C5线性或支链烷基，n＝1到8；重量在大约0％到大约4.5％的焦磷酸钠；重量在大约0％到大约4.5％的焦磷酸四钾；重量在大约2％到大约9.5％的氢氧化钠；以及重量在大约1.7％到大约8.6％的磷酸。
根据可以实施示范方法的处理条件，分离组合物和油砂可以加热到大于25℃；可在大约32℃到大约72℃之间；或者可在大约54℃到大约60℃之间。可以使用所属领域技术人员范围内的任何加热源。同样，可以使用能够提供足够搅拌作用的任何装置，来对分离组合物和油砂进行搅拌，这些装置包括-例如-高剪切混合器、高速磨碎机、高速扩散器、流化床等等，或所属领域技术人员范围内的能够提供足够搅拌作用的任何其它装置。
在一个实施方案中，分离组合物和油砂的比例是在大约2∶3到大约3∶2之间。在另一个实施方案中，分离组合物和油砂的比例是大约1∶1。
回收后的沥青可以基本上是无乳液的。示范方法可以在不添加有机溶剂的情况下实施。
在一些情况下，可将经过分离回收的沥青进行分离组合物的二次或后续等分试验，这证明是很有必要的。在这种情况下，示范方法进一步包括将所分离回收的沥青与新鲜分离组合物的二次或后续等分试样进行接触；加热新鲜分离组合物和沥青；搅拌新鲜分离组合物和所回收的沥青；以及回收最后形成的沥青。这种“漂洗”循环可以重复进行，直到沥青基本上无任何砂子或其它颗粒物质。
在另一个实施方案中，分离组合物可以重复使用。
为此，示范方法进一步包括回收分离组合物；将所回收的分离组合物与含有沥青和砂子的二次或后续等分试样进行接触；加热所回收的分离组合物和油砂的二次或后续等分试样；搅拌所回收的分离组合物和油砂的二次或后续等分试样；以及作为分离产物回收沥青和砂子。
在另一个实施方案中，所披露的方法是对已有的残渣进行处理，以回收剩余沥青并可对基本上无沥青的砂子进行再沉积。该方法可以包括将含有湿润剂、水溶助长剂和具有絮凝特性的分散剂的分离组合物与含有沥青和砂子的残渣进行接触；加热分离组合物和残渣；搅拌分离组合物和残渣；以及作为分离产物回收沥青和砂子。分离组合物的pH值可以大于7.5；可在大约7.0到大约8.5之间；或者可在大约7.7到大约7.8之间。
在一个实施方案中，示范方法中所使用的处理现有残渣的分离组合物可以包括重量在大约0.001％到大约2.5％之间的湿润剂；重量在大约0.1％到大约4.0％之间的水溶助长剂；以及重量在大约0.25％到大约4.5％之间的具有絮凝特性的分散剂。
在另一个实施方案中，示范方法中所使用的处理现有残渣的分离组合物可以包括重量在大约0.001％到大约2.5％的2，5，8，11-四甲基-6-十二炔-5，8-二醇乙氧基化物；重量在大约0.1％到大约4.0％的芳香族磷酸酯，其结构式如下：
Figure G2007800374879D00091
式中，R1是一种C1-C5线性或支链烷基，n＝1到8；重量在大约0％到大约4.5％的焦磷酸钠；重量在大约0％到大约4.5％的焦磷酸四钾；重量在大约2％到大约9.5％的氢氧化钠；以及重量在大约1.7％到大约8.6％的磷酸。
根据可以实施示范方法的处理现有残渣处理的条件，分离组合物和残渣可以加热到大于25℃；可在大约32℃到大约72℃之间；或者可在大约54℃到大约60℃之间。可以使用所属领域技术人员范围内的任何加热源。同样，可以使用能够提供足够搅拌作用的任何装置，来对分离组合物和残渣进行搅拌，这些装置包括-例如-高剪切混合器、高速磨碎机、高速扩散器、流化床等等，或所属领域技术人员范围内的能够提供足够搅拌作用的任何其它装置。
在一个实施方案中，分离组合物和残渣的比例是在大约2∶3到大约3∶2之间。在另一个实施方案中，分离组合物和残渣的比例是大约1∶1。
回收后的沥青可以基本上是无乳液的。该示范方法可以在不添加有机溶剂的情况下实施。
在一些情况下，可将从残渣中分离出的回收的沥青进行分离组合物的二次或后续等分试验，这证明是很有必要的。在这种情况下，该示范方法进一步包括将所分离回收的沥青与新鲜分离组合物的二次或后续等分试样进行接触；加热新鲜分离组合物和沥青；搅拌新鲜分离组合物和所回收的沥青；以及回收最后形成的沥青。这种“漂洗”循环可以重复进行，直到沥青基本上无任何砂子或其它颗粒物质。
在另一个实施方案中，分离组合物可以重复使用。
为此，处理现有残渣的该示范方法进一步包括回收分离组合物；将所回收的分离组合物与含有沥青和砂子的残渣的二次或后续等分试样进行接触；加热所回收的分离组合物和残渣的二次或后续等分试样；搅拌所回收的分离组合物和残渣的二次或后续等分试样；以及作为分离产物回收沥青和砂子。上述这些实施方案的介绍主要根据实验室研究结果。但是，应该了解的是，这里所介绍的研究结果代表了获取油砂和从油砂中提取沥青的整个处理工艺，以及对提取的沥青的进一步处理。根据示例，使用采矿铲车挖掘油砂矿，将其装入卡车或其它运输工具。卡车将油砂运到粉碎机处，在这里，油砂被粉碎到一定尺寸。被粉碎的油砂加到搅拌箱内，与这里所介绍的分离组合物接触。被分离出的沥青被旋转并泵入到存放处，而后再进一步冶炼，以生成合成原油，从而适合作为一种可生产液体动力燃料、加热油和石油化工材料的原材料。
具体实施方式
下面给出一些实施例，来说明各种实施方案，但这些实施例不应视为本发明的范围仅限于此。
实施例1-从阿萨巴斯卡油砂中分离沥青
准备300g的如下分离组合物，其pH值大约7.8，将其置放在一个1L的烧杯内：
Figure G2007800374879D00111
向装有分离组合物的烧杯内注入300g的阿萨巴斯卡油砂。将合成的浆体加热到54℃到60℃。将一个高剪切实验室用混合器放入烧杯内，以每分钟3500转的速度搅拌浆体，时间为3分钟。将混合器从烧杯中取出。在随后的5到30分钟内，在烧杯内就会产生完全相分离。观察到四个不同的清晰的相态。顶部即第一层内含有沥青。第二层含有分离组合物。第三层含有粘土。底层即第四层含有砂子和其它颗粒物质。
让烧杯内的物质冷却，在此期间，将沥青从烧杯中排出。测定沥青应99％以上无杂质，包括砂和粘土。回收的沥青接近45g，占油砂试样中所有可用沥青的99％以上。
另外，回收砂子，测定其99％以上无沥青。该砂子置放在烘箱内，温度72℃，时间8小时，而后在冷却到室温后，砂子可以通过20-25目的筛子来筛除。
为了进一步了解油砂中所存留的沥青含量，可在烧杯内置放100.00g的干砂，向砂子内添加100g的甲苯。搅拌所形成的浆体，然后，使其沉淀。将甲苯从砂子中轻轻倒出。目视检查所倒出的甲苯，发现很清澈。将砂子再次在温度72℃下烘干，时间8小时，以便蒸发任何残余的甲苯。而后，对砂子进行称重，剩余的砂子为99.86g。
在另一个1L的烧杯中，放入300g新的分离组合物的等分试样。向新的分离组合物中添加45g分离后的回收的沥青。将分离组合物和沥青加热到72℃，并以每分钟2000转的速度搅拌，时间3分钟。让烧杯中的物质冷却，并按上述方式分离。最后形成的沥青可以完全无任何杂质。
在沥青被取出后，可从第一个1L的烧杯中取出原来的分离组合物。将275g的该分离组合物添加到1L的烧杯中。向烧杯内注入新的阿萨巴斯卡油砂等分试样。将浆体加热到72℃，以每分钟3000转进行搅拌，时间3分钟。
让烧杯内的物质冷却，在此期间，将沥青从烧杯中排出。测定沥青99％以上无杂质，包括砂子和粘土。回收的沥青接近41g，占油砂试样中可用沥青的99％以上。
另外，回收砂子，测定其99％以上无沥青。该砂子置放在烘箱内，温度72℃，时间8小时，而后在冷却到室温后，砂子可以通过20-25目的筛子来筛除。
为了进一步了解油砂中所存留沥青含量，在烧杯内置放100.00g的干砂，向砂子内添加100g的甲苯。搅拌所合成的浆体，然后，让其沉淀。将甲苯从砂子中轻轻倒出。目视检查所倒出的甲苯，发现很清澈。将砂子再次在温度72℃下烘干，时间8小时，以便蒸发任何残余甲苯。而后，对砂子进行称重，剩余砂子为99.83g。
实施例2-阿萨巴斯卡残渣沉淀池中沥青的分离
如实施例1，准备200g的分离组合物。将分离组合物置放在一个1L的烧杯内。向烧杯内注入300g采自阿萨巴斯卡残渣沉淀池的残渣。将浆体加热到72℃，并以每分钟3000转的速度搅拌，时间2分钟。将混合器从烧杯中取出。在随后的5到30分钟内，在烧杯内就会产生完全的相态分离。观察到四个单独的清晰的相态。顶部的第一层内含有沥青。第二层含有分离组合物。第三层含有粘土。底层即第四层含有砂子和其它颗粒物质。
让烧杯内的物质冷却，在此期间，将沥青从烧杯中排出。测定沥青99％以上无杂质，包括砂子和粘土。接近12g沥青得以回收，占残渣试样中可用沥青的99％以上。
另外，回收砂子并测定其99％以上无沥青。将该砂子置放在烘箱内，温度72℃，时间8小时，而后在冷却到室温后，砂子可以通过20-25目的筛子来筛除。
为了进一步了解油砂中所存留的沥青含量，可在烧杯内置放100.00g的干砂，并向砂子内添加100g的甲苯。搅拌所合成的浆体，然后，让其沉淀。将甲苯从砂子中轻轻倒出。目视检查所倒出的甲苯，发现很清澈。将砂子再次在温度72℃下烘干，时间8小时，以便蒸发任何残留甲苯。而后，对砂子进行称重，剩余的砂子为99.76g。
实施例3-犹他州油砂中沥青的分离
如实施例1，准备300g的分离组合物并置于1L的烧杯中。向装有分离组合物的烧杯内注入300g犹他州油砂。将形成的浆体加热到54℃到60℃。将高剪切混合器置于烧杯内，以每分钟3500转的速度搅拌浆体，时间3分钟。将混合器从烧杯中取出。在随后的5到30分钟内，在烧杯内就会产生完全的相态分离。观察到四个不同的清晰的相态。顶部的第一层内含有沥青。第二层含有分离组合物。第三层含有粘土。底层即第四层含有砂子和其它颗粒物质。
让烧杯内的物质冷却，在此期间，将沥青从烧杯中排出。测定沥青应在99％以上无杂质，包括砂子和粘土。回收的沥青接近40g，占油砂试样中可用沥青的99％以上。
另外，回收砂子并测定其99％以上无沥青。将该砂子置放在烘箱内，温度72℃，时间8小时，而后在冷却到室温后，砂子可以通过20-25目的筛子筛除。
在另一个1L的烧杯中，注入300g新的分离组合物等分试样。向新的分离组合物中添加40g分离后回收的沥青。将分离组合物和沥青加热到72℃，并以每分钟2000转的速度搅拌，时间3分钟。让烧杯中的物质冷却，并按上述方式分离。最后形成的沥青实际上完全无任何杂质。
在沥青被排出后，从第一个1L的烧杯中排出原来的分离组合物。向1L的烧杯中添加275g所述分离组合物。向烧杯内注入275g新的犹他州油砂等分试样。将浆体加热到72℃，以每分钟3000转的速度进行搅拌，时间3分钟。将混合器从烧杯中取出。在随后的5到30分钟内，在烧杯内就会产生完全的相态分离。观察到四个不同的清晰的相态。顶部的第一层内含有沥青。第二层含有分离组合物。第三层含有粘土。底层即第四层含有砂子和其它颗粒物质。
让烧杯内的物质冷却，在此期间，将沥青从烧杯中排出。测定沥青99％以上无杂质，包括砂子和粘土。回收的沥青接近44g，占油砂试样中可用沥青的99％以上。
另外，回收砂子并测定其99％以上无沥青。将该砂子置放在烘箱内，温度72℃，时间8小时，而后在冷却到室温后，砂子可以通过20-25目的筛子筛除。
为了进一步了解油砂中所存留沥青含量，在烧杯内置放100.00g的干砂，向该砂子内添加100g的甲苯。搅拌所合成的浆体，然后，让其沉淀。将甲苯从砂子中轻轻倒出。目视检查所倒出的甲苯，发现很清澈。将砂子再次在温度72℃下烘干，时间8小时，以便蒸发任何残余甲苯。而后，对砂子进行称重，剩余的砂子为99.85g。
实施例4-犹他州残渣沉淀池中沥青的分离
如实施例1，准备300g分离组合物。将分离组合物置于1L的烧杯中。向烧杯内注入300g采自犹他州残渣沉淀池内的残渣。将合成的浆体加热到72℃。以每分钟3000转的速度搅拌浆体，时间为3分钟。将混合器从烧杯中取出。在随后的5到30分钟内，烧杯内会产生完全的相态分离。观察到四个不同的清晰的相态。顶部的第一层内含有沥青。第二层含有分离组合物。第三层含有粘土。底层即第四层含有砂子和其它颗粒物质。
让烧杯内的物质冷却，在此期间，将沥青从烧杯中排出。测定沥青99％以上无杂质，包括砂子和粘土。回收的沥青接近4g，占残渣试样中可用沥青的99％以上。
另外，回收砂子，并测定其99％以上无沥青。该砂子置放在烘箱内，温度72℃，时间8小时，而后在冷却到室温后，砂子可以通过20-25目的筛子来筛除。
为了进一步了解油砂中所存留沥青含量，在烧杯内置放100.00g的干砂，向砂子内添加100g的甲苯。搅拌所合成的浆体，然后，让其沉淀。将甲苯从砂子中轻轻倒出。目视检查所倒出的甲苯，发现很清澈。将砂子再次在温度72℃下烘干，时间8小时，以便蒸发任何残余甲苯。而后，对砂子进行称重，剩余砂子为99.77g。
除非另有特别说明，本发明说明书-包括后附权利要求项-中所提出的数字参数，都是近似值；根据示范实施例所期望获得的所需特性，这些近似值都是可以变化的。至少，且并不想将等同部分理念的申请限制在权利要求项范围，每个数值都应至少根据所报告的重大数字数量并应用普通的舍入技术来理解。
尽管说明本发明主要范围的数值和参数都是近似值，但具体实施例中提出的数值报告都尽可能精确。然而，任何数值本身都含有一定的误差，毫无疑问，这些误差都是由各自试验测量中发现的标准偏差所引起的。
此外，尽管描述实施例介绍了这些系统、方法等等，而且，尽管相当详细地介绍了这些实施例，但本发明申请者的意图并不是将所附权利要求的范围限制-或以任何方式-限定在这种详细程度。当然，也不可能为了介绍本文所提供的系统和方法等等，而描述部件或方法的一切可能想象到的结合形式。很显然，所属领域的技术人员可以很方便地补充优点和进行改装。因此，从更广泛的方面来讲，本发明并不限于所示和所述具体细节和描述实施例。所以，可以在这些详细介绍的基础上进行改动，但都没有脱离本申请者基本发明理念的精神或范围。为此，本申请旨在包括所附权利要求范围内的各种改动、改装和变动。前面所给出的发明说明并不意味着限定了本发明的范围。相反，本发明的范围是由后附权利要求项和其等同部分所决定的。
最后，就具体说明或权利要求项中所使用的术语“包括”来讲，在权力要求中作为转折字应用时，其理解为表示了与术语“由…组成”相似的包含意义。此外，就权利要求项中所使用的术语“或”(例如，A或B)，其用来表示“A或B或二者”。当申请者想表示“只有A或B，而不是二者”时，那么则会应用术语“只有A或B，而不是二者”。同样，当申请者想表示A，B，或C中的“唯一一个”时，申请者会应用短语“唯一一个”。为此，本文中所应用的术语“或”是指包括在内的，而不是单独使用的。参见Bryan A.Garner的《现代法律用语词典》624(2d Ed.1995)。

Claims (10)

1.一种从油砂或残渣中分离沥青的分离组合物，该分离组合物包括：一种在分离组合物重量中占0.001％到2.5％之间的湿润剂；一种在分离组合物重量中占0.1％到4％之间一种水溶助长剂；一种在分离组合物重量中占0.25％到4.5％之间具有絮凝特性的分散剂；和水；其特征在于，分离组合物的pH值大于7.5，湿润剂包含2，5，8，11-四甲基-6-十二炔-5，8-二醇乙氧基化物；水溶助长剂包含芳香族磷酸酯，其结构式是：
式中，R1是一种C1-C5线性或支链烷基，n=1到8；具有絮凝特性的分散剂包含一种或多种焦磷酸钠、酸式焦磷酸钠和焦磷酸四钾。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分离组合物，其特征在于，分离组合物的pH值在7.6到8.5之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的分离组合物，进一步包括一种强碱，其特征在于，强碱在分离组合物重量中占2％到9.5％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的分离组合物，其特征在于，所述分离组合物，以分离组合物重量计，有机溶剂含量小于0.1％。
5.一种自油砂或残渣中分离沥青的分离组合物，其包括：重量在0.001％到2.5％的2，5，8，11-四甲基-6-十二炔-5，8-二醇乙氧基化物；重量在0.1％到4.0％的芳香族磷酸酯，其结构式是：
Figure FSB0000119482890000012
式中，R1是一种C1-C5线性或支链烷基，n=1到8；重量最多4.5％的焦磷酸钠；重量最多4.5％的焦磷酸四钾；重量在2％到9.5％的氢氧化钠；重量在1.7％到8.6％的磷酸。
6.根据权利要求5所述的分离组合物，其特征在于，该分离组合物，以分离组合物重量计，有机溶剂含量小于0.1％。
7.一种自油砂或残渣中分离沥青的方法，其包括：将含有在分离组合物重量中占0.001％到2.5％之间的湿润剂、一种占0.1％到4％之间一种水溶助长剂、一种占0.25％到4.5％之间具有絮凝特性的分散剂和水的分离组合物与含有沥青和砂子的油砂进行接触；加热分离组合物和油砂；搅拌分离组合物和油砂；以及作为分离产物回收沥青和砂子；其中，分离组合物的pH值大于7.5，湿润剂包含2，5，8，11-四甲基-6-十二炔-5，8-二醇乙氧基化物，水溶助长剂包含芳香族磷酸酯，其结构式是：
Figure FSB0000119482890000021
式中，R1是一种C1-C5线性或支链烷基，n=1到8；具有絮凝特性的分散剂包含一种或多种焦磷酸钠、酸式焦磷酸钠和焦磷酸四钾。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，该分离组合物包括：重量在0.001％到2.5％的2，5，8，11-四甲基-6-十二炔-5，8-二醇乙氧基化物；重量在0.1％到4.0％的芳香族磷酸酯，其结构式是：
Figure FSB0000119482890000022
式中，R1是一种C1-C5线性或支链烷基，n=1到8；重量最多4.5％的焦磷酸钠；重量最多4.5％的焦磷酸四钾；重量在2％到9.5％的氢氧化钠；和重量在1.7％到8.6％的磷酸。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，加热步骤包括对分离组合物和油砂加热到32℃至72℃。
10.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法可在不添加有机溶剂的情况下实施。
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CA2665579A1 (en) 2008-05-29
US8147680B2 (en) 2012-04-03
US20100200469A1 (en) 2010-08-12
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US8414764B2 (en) 2013-04-09
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EA200970356A1 (ru) 2009-10-30
US20080085851A1 (en) 2008-04-10
US20120193567A1 (en) 2012-08-02
EP2069467B1 (en) 2014-07-16
DK2069467T3 (da) 2014-10-20
UA102990C2 (ru) 2013-09-10
WO2008063762A3 (en) 2008-11-06
US7862709B2 (en) 2011-01-04
CA2665579C (en) 2015-06-30
EP2069467A4 (en) 2009-12-30
CN101589135A (zh) 2009-11-25
US7749379B2 (en) 2010-07-06
US20110062382A1 (en) 2011-03-17
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