CN101589301B - 利用体积测定过滤技术来增强光学相干断层成像的装置和方法 - Google Patents

利用体积测定过滤技术来增强光学相干断层成像的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN101589301B
CN101589301B CN200780031332.4A CN200780031332A CN101589301B CN 101589301 B CN101589301 B CN 101589301B CN 200780031332 A CN200780031332 A CN 200780031332A CN 101589301 B CN101589301 B CN 101589301B
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CN101589301A (zh
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本杰明·J·瓦科奇
阿德里安·E·德雅尔丹斯
吉列尔莫·J·蒂尔尼
尤金·布雷特·鲍马
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/12—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes
    • A61B3/1225—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes using coherent radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0062—Arrangements for scanning
    • A61B5/0066—Optical coherence imaging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/6852—Catheters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0073—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by tomography, i.e. reconstruction of 3D images from 2D projections

Abstract

提供一种装置和方法。特定辐射包括被导向至少一个样本的至少一个第一电磁辐射和被导向参考的至少一个第二电磁辐射。具有特定横截面宽度的第一电磁辐射被施加到样本的至少一个部分，以产生至少一个第三电磁辐射。可以沿特定轴线在特定横截面宽度的0.5到100的倍数之间的距离内在所述部分中提供第一电磁辐射。在与第一电磁辐射相关的第三电磁辐射和与第二电磁辐射相关的至少一个第四电磁辐射之间可以检测干涉。此外，可以提供第一电磁辐射的非对称横截面区域。

Description

利用体积测定过滤技术来增强光学相干断层成像的装置和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求序列号为No.60/840,213，提交于2006年8月25日的美国专利申请的优先权，其全部公开通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于增强光学相干断层成像的装置和方法，尤其涉及这样的装置和方法：其能够使用对可以用来生成这些图像的测量数据采用三维(例如体积测定(volumetric))过滤的技术来增强光学相干断层图像的对比度。
背景技术
使用作为诊断方式的光学相干断层成像(“OCT”)和能够提供至例如2mm深度的组织微观结构的高分辨率横截面图像的技术的潜力已经被广泛重视。然而，在许多临床应用中，传统的OCT技术的诊断能力已经被斑纹噪声的混淆效应所限制。可以是成像分辨率的尺寸比例的大量值幅度噪声的该噪声能够由可以用来提供被评估组织的深度剖面的相干测距技术来产生。某些临床相关的结构，虽然在尺寸上大于～10mm的成像分辨率，但是其可能缺少相对于要通过该斑纹噪声来清楚识别的周围组织的足够的本征光散射对比度。
所提出的用于减轻斑纹噪声影响的方法可以被分类为物理组合方法或数字处理方法。例如，物理组合方法通常通过结合对所分析的组织的同一位置进行的多个斑纹非相关的测量来起作用。该方法的实现可以要求对成像系统的修改，该修改可能使导管的设计和侵入性最小的探测器的设计变得复杂。这些物理组合方法的实例可以包括角度组合、频率组合、以及偏振组合(例如偏振分集检测)。相反，数字处理方法传统上已经使用目的在于优选地去除斑纹噪声同时保护与组织结构相关的某些特征的过程或滤波器而被完全应用于二维图像。该技术包括自适应滤波、调整、以及小波诊断。然而，与组合方法不同的是，数字处理方法可能局限于原始斑纹图像中包含的信息内容。对于数字处理方法来说重要的是优于OCT的经验执行器(experience implementer)的主要能力，以便于在视觉上过滤噪声和辨别下层组织结构。
然而，如果数字处理方法扩展为以三维形式对体积测定OCT数据集进行操作，则这些限制可能不适用。OCT成像速度上的一些改进已经使得使用OCT方法和系统的体积测定成像的实际临床执行得以实现。这样，现在存在采用这些方法和系统作为用于全面疾病检查的工具的潜在临床动机。由于这些三维数据集可能不是直接可见的，因此可以根据从数据集分割的一个或更多个图像典型地进行诊断。优选地，这些分割的图像可以对来自剖面内(例如平面中测量)的测量信息和来自剖面之外(例如平面外测量)的临近位置的测量信息这两者进行合并。
实际上，可能需要克服与上述传统设备和方法相关的至少一些不足。例如，这可以通过在数据集分割之前进行数据集的体积测定过滤来实现。因为该示例性的过程可以通过包含平面外测量来增加结果图像的信息内容，所以可以实现实质性的增强。
发明内容
为了解决和/或克服至少一些上述问题和/或不足，可以提供装置和方法的示例性实施例，其能够使用对可以用来生成这些图像的测量数据采用三维(例如体积测定)过滤的技术来增强光学相干断层图像的对比度。
根据本发明的示例性实施例，可以以三维形式过滤数据集，使得可以生成增强的图像。在本发明的第一示例性实施例中，在对组织的特定截面成像之前，可以对三维OCT数据集应用非对称体积测定中值过滤。在该示例性实施例中，相对于平面内尺度的图像部分，过滤核心在平面外的尺度可以更大。在本发明的第二示例性实施例中，可以提供OCT成像系统，其可以被配置成产生抖动光束扫描图案，以使得在存在实质采样动作的情况下，体积测定成像能够被高保真地执行。利用抖动光束获得的对于该数据集的适当的过滤使得能够产生增强的二维图像。
因此，至少出于这些原因，可以提供根据本发明的装置和方法的示例性实施例。例如，可以提供至少一个第一光纤设备和至少一个第二光纤设备(这些光纤设备中的每个具有光传输特性)。第一光纤设备可以被配置成通过其传送至少一个电磁辐射，并将该至少一个电磁辐射转发到至少一个样本。第二光纤可以被配置成通过其传送至少一个从该样本接收到的电磁辐射，并可以将第一光纤设备的至少一部分容纳于其中。
根据本发明的另一个示例性实施例，第一光纤设备和第二光纤设备各自可以是光纤。使用第一过滤设备和第二过滤设备中的至少一个可以对第一光纤和第二光纤进行过滤，以便防止在其中转发各传送和接收的具有特定波长的电磁辐射中的每个的至少一部分。此外，接收的电磁辐射可以是与样本相关的拉曼辐射。
另外，根据本发明的特定的示例性实施例，可以提供装置和方法，而包括至少一个第一电磁辐射的特定辐射可以被导向至少一个样本，至少一个第二电磁辐射可以被导向参考。具有特定横截面宽度的第一电磁辐射可以被施加到样本的至少一个部分，以产生至少一个第三电磁辐射。可以沿特定轴线在特定横截面宽度的0.5到100的倍数之间的距离内在该部分中提供第一电磁辐射。可以检测与第一电磁辐射相关的第三电磁辐射和与第二电磁辐射相关的至少一个第四电磁辐射之间的干涉。此外，可以提供第一电磁辐射的非对称横截面区域。
根据本发明的再一个示例性实施例，倍数的上限可以是特定横截面宽度的50、60、70、80和/或90倍。在该部分中的第一电磁辐射可以沿不同于所述特定轴线的另一个轴线转换。与至少一个部分相关的至少一个图像可以作为干涉的函数来生成。在该部分中第一电磁辐射可以转换为正弦图案、三角形图案、锯齿形图案和/或螺旋形图案。
在本发明的又一个示例性实施例中，第一电磁辐射可以具有沿特定轴线的特定横截面宽度，该宽度可以大于第一电磁辐射沿任何其它轴的另一个横截面宽度。第一电磁辐射还可以具有沿特定轴线的特定横截面宽度，该宽度是第一电磁辐射沿另一个轴线的另一个横截面宽度的至少2倍。此外，在该部分中第一电磁辐射可以沿另一个轴线转换，且该另一个轴线可以大致垂直于该特定轴线。可以对第一电磁辐射的幅度图形和相位图形进行调制。可以提供空间光调制设备、检流计设备、声光调制设备、波导模式干扰设备和/或非对称波导设备中的至少一种。非对称波导设备可以被配置成传播第一电磁辐射的至少三个正交模式。
当阅读了以下对本发明的实施例的详细描述后，结合所附的权利要求，本发明的这些和其它目的、特点和优点将变得明显。
附图说明
从结合示出本发明的例证性实施例的附图所进行的以下详细描述来看，本发明的其它目的、特点和优点将变得明显，在附图中：
图1是根据本发明的光学频域成像(“OFDI”)系统的示例性实施例的示意性框图，该系统可以用于获取体积测定数据集；
图1B是根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的光栅扫描图案的示例性照射图；
图1C根据本发明的另一个示例性实施例的抖动光束扫描图案的示例性照射图；
图2A是未过滤的示例性图像；
图2B是根据本发明的另一个示例性实施例的可以从体积测定中值过滤过程的应用中得到的已被增强的示例性图像集，该图像集具有平面内和平面外尺度上的变化的核心尺寸；
图2C是根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的可以从体积测定中值过滤过程的应用中得到的已被增强的第二示例性图像，该图像具有类似于图2A的核心尺寸的核心尺寸；
图3A是未应用抖动光束增强的示例性图像；
图3B是根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的通过应用具有第一幅度的抖动光束来增强的示例性图像；
图3C是根据本发明的另一个示例性实施例的通过应用具有第一幅度的抖动光束来增强的另一个示例性图像；
图4A是对根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的第一示例性抖动光束扫描图案的描绘；
图4B是对根据本发明的另一个示例性实施例的第二示例性抖动光束扫描图案的描绘；
图4C是对根据本发明的又一个示例性实施例的第三示例性抖动光束扫描图案的描绘；
图5A是根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的对称椭圆成像光束图；
图5B是根据本发明的特定示例性实施例的非对称的椭圆成像光束图；
图6A是根据本发明的示例性实施例的示例性非对称波导设备的示意图的正视图，该非对称波导设备可以用于将来自于成像系统的成像光束传送到样本；
图6B是根据本发明的示例性实施例的、可以使用图6A所示光纤的示例性内窥镜光学成像探测器的侧视图；
图6C是图6B的探测器的示意图的顶视图；
图7是根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的结合旋镜使用矩形芯光纤来减少斑纹的示例性方法的操作图；
图8是根据本发明的另一个示例性实施例的结合线性空间光调制器使用矩形芯光纤来减少斑纹的另一个示例性方法的操作图；
图9是根据本发明的示例性实施例的用于对矩形模式光纤的光相位/幅度图形进行调制的示例性方法的操作图；
图10是根据本发明的特定示例性实施例的、用于使用压电致动器(piezo-actuator)以在透镜聚焦之前对光纤进行振动来生成抖动光束扫描的示例性内窥镜成像设备的图。
贯穿这些附图，除非另行说明，相同的附图标记和符号用于指示所描述的实施例的同样的特征、元件、部件或部分。此外，由于将参考附图对该主题发明进行详细描述，因此结合所描述的实施例如此执行。对所描述的实施例旨在可以进行变化和修改，而不脱离由所附权利要求限定的主题发明的真实范围和精神。
具体实施方式
图1A示出了根据本发明的示例性实施例的基于光学频域成像(“OFDI”)技术的第二代光学相干断层成像(“OCT”)系统的图。图1A的系统可以利用波长扫频窄带激光源100以使用单元素光接收器来记录作为波长的函数的干涉条纹。虽然图1A所示的示例性系统在这里被描述成能够采用OFDI技术，但是根据本发明的方法和设备的其它示例性实施例可以等同地兼容其它OCT成像系统，包括但不限于时域OCT和谱域OCT技术。
如图1A所示，由源100提供的光或其它电磁辐射可以在分路器105处被分成参考路径106a和样本路径106b。样本路径106a可以通过光学循环器120、二维检流计式反射镜130和聚焦透镜135而被导向样本140。参考光被引导通过参考路径106b，该参考路径106b旨在与样本路径106a的光路长度相匹配。已知某些示例性配置用于实现该功能，包括非反射性路径和图1A中描述的配置，在图1A中描述的配置中，循环器可以用于将参考光引导到可变延迟线115。返回的参考光和样本光在组合器145处彼此干涉。来自组合器145的输出光束可以被导向第一偏振光束分路器(PBS)150a和第二PBS 150b，其各自的输出可以被导向第一平衡接收器155a和第二平衡接收器155b。
传统的处理技术可以用来将所测量的干涉条纹转换为描述样本中的深度分辨反射性的A线。通过使用二维检流计式反射镜130在两个维度扫描成像光束136可以获得示例性图像。例如，可以生成样本140表面上的X-Y平面的任意光束扫描图案。如图1B所示，例如，可以通过沿x方向快速扫描并在y方向针对不同的位移(160a、160b、160c、160d)进行重复来执行体积测定成像技术。可替选地或另外，可以对光束进行抖动，使得该光束在y方向快速振荡，而在x方向165该光束扫描慢得多，如图1C所示。这种示例性扫描技术有助于在三个维度记录图像，并使得能够应用体积测定过滤技术。
图2A示出了在不应用体积测定过滤来说明原始(baseline)图像中的真实斑纹噪声的情况下、使用图1B中描述的扫描图案从数据集获得的示例性的单个横截面图像190(在x-z平面)。图2B和图2C示出了使用图1B的扫描图案从人类皮肤获得的、针对在平面内(x-z)和平面外(y)的维度中操作的不同尺寸的体积测定中值过滤的示例性OFDI图像。
例如，在图2B中示出了包括如图2A中指示的表皮和真皮的分界线的图像的子集中的未经过滤的情况(最左侧的图像191)，以及在上排图像192-194中的不经过平面外过滤的、增大平面内过滤核心尺寸的情况。这些示例性结果证明了传统2D中值过滤算法的能力和局限性。伴随着斑纹的减少，这些图像中出现了实质性的模糊。在图2B所示的下排图像195-197中，提供了增加平面外过滤核心尺寸(不经过平面内过滤)的效果。虽然使用的过滤尺寸与在平面内的结果中所使用的尺寸相同，但是可以观察到没有特征模糊的结构可见性的清楚的增强。由于体积测定过滤的使用，这些示例性的结果提供了优选的图像增强的结果，其中体积测定过滤在尺寸上高度不对称，对于图像部分进行平面内的最小过滤和平面外的实质性过滤。图2C示出了基于被评估为产生最佳图像增强的平面内过滤和平面外过滤的结合的示例性横截面图像198。
图3A示出了在不通过抖动光束扫描(例如，0μm的峰峰抖动幅度)对其进行修正的情况下生成的示例性OFDI图像50、51。图3B和图3C分别示出了根据本发明的示例性实施例的、已经通过应用具有各自不同幅度的抖动光束来增强的示例性图像52、53和54、55。例如，使用抖动光束的扫描可以利用2-D检流计来实现，其y-轴反射镜由500Hz和变化幅度的正弦波形来驱动。利用例如是10kHz的系统A线速率，单个抖动周期可以包含20个特殊的A线。示例性的过滤技术可以通过将获得的数据集组合成一个单独的图像以及应用2D中值过滤来执行。为了确定优选的抖动幅度，可以按例如17.5μm的步长在例如0μm到70μm的峰峰抖动幅度获得对人类体内皮肤的测量。示例性的中值过滤技术可以在产生例如5μm(x方向)乘以例如7.5μm(z)的平面内过滤尺寸以及从0μm到70μm变化的平面外过滤尺寸的单个抖动周期内执行。图3B和图3C示出了针对峰峰抖动幅度分别为35μm和70μm的结果图像52、53和54、55。
图4A-4C描绘了根据本发明的示例性实施例的三种示例性抖动扫描图案。例如，图4a示出了示例性的正弦扫描图案200，其包括y方向的快速零均值调制和x方向的缓慢恒速扫描。图4B描绘了示例性的螺旋形扫描图案205，其能够通过以相同或相似的频率、以90度的相位差扫描x方向和y方向同时还包括在x方向的固定速度的缓慢扫描来产生。图4C示出了示例性的斜线扫描图案210，其中y方向由快速锯齿形图案驱动，x方向由缓慢的固定速度扫描来驱动。Y方向位移的范围例如可以是聚焦光束横截面宽度的0.5到100倍。
图5A描绘了能够利用不同的平面内和平面外分辨率等级来实现对样本的成像的示例性的对称成像光束图形。在图5A中，示出了圆形高斯光束焦点，其中焦点的光束图形300在x(扫描方向)方向和y(平面外维度)方向是对称的。图5B示出了能够实现样本的成像的示例性非对称成像光束图形。在图5B中，可以使用在y方向具有更大延伸的非对称光束图形305。可以使用球形和圆柱形聚焦的光学器件的组合或使用如图6A-6C中描绘的非圆形波导来产生图5B中示出的光束扫描。
例如，图6A示出了示例性的非对称波导设备，其能够用于将来自成像系统的成像光束传递到样本。例如，该波导设备的芯400(其可以选择性地是玻璃光纤或光子带隙光纤)在一个维度上可以具有相对于另一个维度的更大的范围。该设备的覆层405可以是如图6A所示的圆形或是非对称的形状。结果，使用球形聚焦的光学器件来将该光束成像到样本上可以在样本上产生相似的非对称光束图形。
图6B示出了根据本发明的示例性实施例的示例性的内窥镜光学成像探测器，其可以使用能够在样本上产生非对称成像光束图形的这种光纤。例如，具有非对称芯410的光纤可以被旋转或被放置在外部驱动轴425内，以增加扭矩传递。在光纤的末端，光可以通过例如是空气或无定形玻璃的部分411而延伸、由透镜415进行聚焦，并通过棱镜420或反射镜向侧面引导。透镜415可以在离开光纤探测器的近似距离Δr处产生聚焦斑点。光纤的角取向使得聚焦光束在Z方向可以大于x方向，如图6B所示。通过旋转光纤或驱动轴425，非对称成像光束可以被转换并有助于对中空器官进行成像。图6C示出了正视图的成像探测器，该正视图示出了x方向的相对于y方向来说的更紧凑的焦点或更小的斑点尺寸。
图7示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的结合旋镜使用矩形芯光纤来减少斑纹的示例性方法的操作图。图7还示出了根据本发明的示例性实施例的设备，其被配置成将来自于系统的成像光束耦合到(例如用于成像的)矩形芯光纤的近端。例如，图7的设备使得光纤远端的成像光束的相位和幅度图形(profile)可以被调制。在该示例性设备中，光纤非对称芯502可以被配置成在芯的具有较大范围的维度中支持多种光模式。通过激励每种模式或这些模式的不同组合，可以获得对反射性的多个测量，每个测量具有去相关的斑纹噪声。这些测量的组合使得可以执行减少斑纹的成像。如图7所示，可以将高斯对称输入光束510从成像系统导向检流计式反射镜515。该反射镜515可以引导光通过透镜505以便聚焦到芯上的矩形范围内的不同的横向位置。通过使检流计式反射镜515倾斜，该芯的被激励的相位/幅度图形可以在近端被调制，因此也可以远端被调制。可以使用与如图6B所示的探测器设计近似的探测器设计来进行内窥镜成像。例如，可以通过相同或相似的光学器件来对返回的光进行重新收集。
图8描绘了根据本发明的示例性实施例的用于调制矩形模式光纤的光相位/幅度图形的示例性方法的操作图，其可以类似于图7所描述的操作图。图8还示出了能够实现该示例性方法的设备的另一个示例性实施例。然而，如图8所示，线性空间光调制器615可以代替检流计式反射镜515。例如，来自系统的输入光束610可以通过线性空间光调制器615，该线性空间光调制器615能够快速变更光束的相位和/或幅度图形。通过透镜605可以将该光聚焦到矩形芯光纤600的芯602上。代替空间光调制器615，可以使用声光调制器或电光调制器来变更光束图形。
图9示出了根据本发明的示例性实施例的用于调制矩形模式光纤的光相位/幅度图形的示例性方法的操作图。例如，芯702中的光通过光纤的位于硬固定底座705和致动器710之间的部分。致动器710的启动可以产生用于改变光纤内压力的向下或向上的动作，并能够扰动模式图形。致动器710可以选择性地是压电叠层致动器，而芯702相对于致动器的取向可以如图9所示或被旋转。
图10描绘了根据本发明的特定示例性实施例的、用于使用压电致动器小直径内窥镜成像探测器在通过透镜聚焦之前对光纤末端进行振动来生成抖动光束扫描(类似于图4A中所示的图案)的示例性内窥镜成像设备的图。如图10所示，光纤800可以将成像光导向聚焦透镜820。可以利用正弦信号来驱动压电致动器805，使得光纤末梢振动。来自光纤的光可以在空气间隙815延伸、通过透镜820聚焦，并通过棱镜825向侧面引导。作为对光纤末梢进行振动的结果，成像光束830的聚焦斑点可以按指示的抖动图案835振荡。旋转包含在外壳810内的整个导管，可以在内部例如在中空的柱形器官840内对光束进行扫描。
上述内容仅说明了本发明的原理。鉴于这里所进行的教导，对所描述的实施例的各种修改和改变对于本领域技术人员来说是明显的。实际上，根据本发明的示例性实施例的设备、系统和方法可以结合成像系统来使用，例如结合以下成像系统来使用：在2004年9月8日提交的国际专利申请PCT/US2004/029148、2005年11月2日提交的美国专利申请No.11/266,779以及2004年7月9日提交的美国专利申请No.10/501,276中描述的成像系统。因此可以理解，本领域的技术人员能够设计多种系统、设备和方法，这些系统、设备和方法虽然在这里没有明确地示出或描述，但是体现本发明的原理，且因此在本发明的精神和范围内。另外，就现有技术的知识在上文没有被明确地通过引用合并与此来说，其全部内容被明确地合并与此。这里，在上文所引用的所有公开，其全部内容通过引用合并与此。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于光学相干断层成像的装置，包括：
至少一个第一设备，其被配置成提供特定辐射，该特定辐射包括被导向至少一个样本的至少一个第一电磁辐射和被导向至参考的至少一个第二电磁辐射；
至少一个第二设备，其被配置成将具有特定横截面宽度的至少一个第一电磁辐射施加到所述至少一个样本的至少一个部分，以产生至少一个第三电磁辐射，其中所述至少一个第二设备还被配置成沿特定轴线在特定横截面宽度的0.5到100的倍数之间的整个距离内转换在所述至少一个部分中的所述至少一个第一电磁辐射；以及
至少一个第三设备，其被配置成检测在与所述至少一个第一电磁辐射相关的所述至少一个第三电磁辐射和与所述至少一个第二电磁辐射相关的至少一个第四电磁辐射之间的干涉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中倍数的上限是特定横截面宽度的50、60、70、80或90倍中的至少一个。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述至少一个第二设备被配置成沿不同于所述特定轴线的另一个轴线转换在所述至少一个部分中的所述至少一个第一电磁辐射。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，还包括至少一个第四设备，其被配置成产生作为所述干涉的函数的、与所述至少一个部分相关的至少一个图像。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述至少一个第二设备还被配置成将在所述至少一个部分中的所述至少一个第一电磁辐射转换为正弦图案、三角形图案、锯齿形图案或螺旋形图案中的至少一个。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述至少一个第二设备还被配置成提供所述至少一个第一电磁辐射的非对称横截面区域。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置，还包括过滤设备，其是非对称中值过滤设备或2D中值过滤设备中的至少一种且被配置用于过滤干涉。
8.一种用于光学相干断层成像的方法，包括：
提供特定辐射，该特定辐射包括被导向至少一个样本的至少一个第一电磁辐射和被导向参考的至少一个第二电磁辐射；
将具有特定横截面宽度的至少一个第一电磁辐射施加到所述至少一个样本的至少一个部分，以产生至少一个第三电磁辐射；
沿特定轴线在特定横截面宽度的0.5到100的倍数之间的整个距离内转换在所述至少一个部分中的所述至少一个第一电磁辐射；以及
检测在与所述至少一个第一电磁辐射相关的所述至少一个第三电磁辐射和与所述至少一个第二电磁辐射相关的至少一个第四电磁辐射之间的干涉。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，还包括使用非对称中值过滤设备或2D中值过滤设备中的至少一种来过滤干涉。
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