CN1016766B - 加固件和纤维增强塑料件粘结方法 - Google Patents

加固件和纤维增强塑料件粘结方法

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Publication number
CN1016766B
CN1016766B CN89102970A CN89102970A CN1016766B CN 1016766 B CN1016766 B CN 1016766B CN 89102970 A CN89102970 A CN 89102970A CN 89102970 A CN89102970 A CN 89102970A CN 1016766 B CN1016766 B CN 1016766B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fastening element
assembly
reinforced plastics
fibre reinforced
present
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CN89102970A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN1037477A (zh
Inventor
肯尼斯·阿尔夫德·埃塞乐
罗伯特·牙尔·威廉逊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Budd Co
Original Assignee
Budd Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Budd Co filed Critical Budd Co
Publication of CN1037477A publication Critical patent/CN1037477A/zh
Publication of CN1016766B publication Critical patent/CN1016766B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/04—Dielectric heating, e.g. high-frequency welding, i.e. radio frequency welding of plastic materials having dielectric properties, e.g. PVC
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/349—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot
    • B29C66/3494—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot while keeping the welding zone under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73753—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73755—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8187—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81871—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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Abstract

粘结纤维增强塑料元件的方法，包括在塑料零件和加固元件放上未固化的热固性粘结剂形成一个组件，把该组件放入两个电极之间和对电极施加高频信号保持粘结剂固化所需的时间。
用于实行该方法的专门设备包括支撑和移动被粘结零件的装置，施加高频信号的电源装置和控温装置。
该方法粘结速度快，且粘结质量好。

Description

本发明涉及粘结技术，更具体地是涉及把纤维增强塑料（FRP）的汽车体元件粘结在一起的方法和设备。
在车辆设计中，近年来倾向于用塑料零件代替较重的金属零件。特别是使用纤维增强塑料（FRP）的汽车车体的外部组件，例如外壳，盖板和车门等来代替金属板制成的这些零件带来很多优点。但是常常需要用加固元件来加强尺寸较大的纤维增强塑料的外板或外部元件以使所制成的组件具有足够的机械刚性及机械强度。
本发明特别提供了快速地把加固元件粘结到FRP外部元件上的技术，并且不会损坏该外部元件的表面质量。
按照本发明的最佳实施例，在纤维增强塑料元件和与其相配的加固元件的配合表面放上一层粘结剂。在该组件的两边电极上施加高频信号以把粘结剂加热到超过它的固化温度使得加固元件粘结到纤维增强塑料元件上。这种技术的意外效果是不会使组件过度发热，因而不损坏FRP元件的表面质量。
相应地，本发明的一个主要目的是提供一种能快速地把加固元件粘结到纤维增强塑料的车体外部元件上的一种粘结方法及设备。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种不会使纤维增强塑料车体外部元件的表面质量受到损坏的粘结方法及粘结设备。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种不受车体元件及加固元件的尺寸 限制的能均匀地把加固元件与纤维增强塑料的车体外部元件粘结在一起的粘结方法和设备。
下面参照附图详细说明本发明的一个实施例，通过这些说明本专业的普通技术人员可以很清楚地了解本发明的各种优点。在附图中：
图1是由一个汽车车体的外部元件和一个加固元件组成的组合件的分解立体图;
图2是图1中的组合件的局部底视图;
图3是沿图2中线3-3截取的图1中的组合件的部分剖面图;
图4是沿图5中线4-4截取的一个横截面图，它简单地示出了实行本发明的取佳方法的设备;
图5是沿图4中线5-5截取的本发明设备的一个横截面图;
图6是图4及图5所示的设备的前视图;
图7是示出在粘结过程中时间和所产生的热量之间的关系的曲线图。
本发明具体涉及到提供诸如车壳、车门和挡板之类的组合件的加固的汽车车体的外部组合件。本发明提供了一种把第一纤维增强塑料元件（通常是一种外部元件）和第二加固元件（最好也是由纤维增强塑料制成的元件）快速地粘结在一起的方法，当然这些加固元件也可由其它塑料或者由金属制成。在某些情况下，例如对于挡板，由于第二元件实际上限定了车体组合件的部分外表面，例如安放如信号灯和车头灯之类的汽车零件，因此可更恰当地说第一及第二元件是相互增强的。
下面参照一个汽车外壳组合件的制造来详细说明本发明，但是，本专业的技术人员都会明白在权利要求书所限定的本发明内容显然并不局限于这种特殊的用途上。
在图中示出一个车壳组合件，以标号10表示。组合件10包括一个比较薄（约2.03毫米-3.05毫米厚）的外皮元件12和一个加固元件14。外皮元件12由纤维增强塑料（FRP）制成，最好由已经过真空模压的热固性片状模压混合物（SMC）材料制成。美国专利US4488862;4551085和4612149涉及到这种工艺，本说明书用它们作为参考文件。
当外皮元件12是具有约0.09平方米以上的比较大的表面积并且长度尺寸至少为119.3厘米的汽车车体的外部板件，如外壳，盖板或类似的零件时，本发明特别实用。这类板件通常要求加固以使它们具有足够的机械刚性，并且很重要的是使外皮元件保持为汽车制造厂家通常要求的光滑美观的外表面。在工业上，符合这种标准的表面是A级表面。作为非限制性的实施例，组合件10是一种福特小面包车的外壳，它的外部尺寸近似为142.2厘米×55.9厘米，它的厚度为4.8毫米厚（其中，外皮厚2.5毫米，如固元件厚2.3毫米）。加固元件14最好也同样由纤维增强塑料制成。在所示的实施例中，加固元件14在平面图中形状为“8”字形，每一条腿在横截面上呈“帽子”形，在图3及图4中可更清楚地看出来。所述的帽形横截面的特点是有一个突起的弓形部分16和在两边的一对相对着的凸缘18。
为把加固元件14粘结到外皮元件12上，一层粘结剂22放在凸缘18上，然后把加固元件14倒转过来并放到外皮元件12的内表面上，如图3-6所示。粘结剂22是一种热固性树脂，在固化时介电性质会发生变化。所用的粘结剂最好含有由非交叉连接的多聚物及单体组成的树脂及由固化剂或催化剂组成的第二成分。虽然，聚亚胺脂证明是可用的，但现在宁可使用环氧树脂。这些粘结剂与动物胶之 类的胶有区别，动物胶不依靠化学变化来影响它们的粘结性。从下面的讨论中将会明白，本发明使用具有这种特点的粘结剂有很大的优点。作为一种专门的但并不是限制性的实例，粘结剂22可用劳德（Lord）公司生产的Lord320/322环氧粘结剂。
参见图6，上述的外皮元件/粘结剂/加固元件的组合件然后送入介电加热器26的腔室27中。这一步骤可用多种方法来完成。在本实施例中，组合件放在多个支撑叉21上，支撑叉21与外皮元件12的下表面的外缘相接触。支撑叉21放在滚轮23上形成一个小车，由一个活塞装置25带动，小车载着组合件往图6的右方移动。一直到组合件送入介电加热器26的腔室27中，外皮元件12支撑在支座20上。在图4中可更清楚地看出，支座20的上表面应该是仿形的，以便同外皮元件12的外表面或A级表面的外形相对应，从而使它在粘结过程中起到均匀的支撑作用。支座20应该由具有低的介电损耗特性的材料制成。在本实施例中，支座20由铝制成，但是其它材料如黄铜也可以使用。冷却介质从进口33流进，通过管道31，从出口35流出，使表皮元件12的外表面在整个粘结过程中保持在4.4°-66°的恒温下。
支座20放在与地线34相连的电极板30上。支座20与电极板30组成的组合件可由液压装置的活塞32来驱动。在表皮元件/粘结剂/加固元件的组合件被移到座20上方后，驱动液压活塞32，使支座20往上升起，并把上述的组合件从它的支撑叉21升起从而把表皮元件12安置在座20上。活塞32载着支座20继续往上电极组件36的方向提升。
上电极组件36包括一系列隔开的或电绝缘的聚能器元件38，框架40把它们卡在一个固定的位置上（参见图4及5）。每个聚能 器元件38带有一个一般为U形的下部，它们带有一对支承腿42。如图4所见支承腿42加工成相应于加固元件14的凸缘18的外形。凹槽44给加固元件14突起的弓形部分16提供余隙。聚能器元件38用来在选定的含有粘结剂22的面积内聚集来自高频电源的能量。
电极元件36还包括在聚能器元件38上面的多个电极板48。在图4中示出了三块这种电极板48、50和52。但是，实际上，如图5所示，使用的这种电极板还有许多。电极板48、50和52也由诸如铝和黄铜之类导电材料制成，上电极54连到高频电源46上，在电极54和电极板48、50和52之间分别存在空气隙49、51和53。
设置了调整装置来调整在电极板48、50和52与上电极54之间的空气隙或空间（并由此调整通过聚能器元件38的在电极板下被加热的面积）。电极板和上电极元件之间的空间将影响到在被加热的材料上所说施加的能量的大小。在本实施例中，调整空气隙49、51和52的大小可细调在下面的粘结剂中实际产生的热量的大小。这样，可更进一步保证均匀地加热，由此得到均匀的粘结强度。独立地调整在每个聚能器元件38下产生的热量实际上使在组合件10的尺寸有波动时仍可施加大体均匀的热量穿过组合件10。可以用很多方法来调整空气隙，在图4实施例中，是用在电极板48、50和52与它们相对应的聚能器38之间连着的伸缩管56来进行调整的。根据聚能器元件38的尺寸和它被加热的水平面积，可在多根伸缩管56连上多块电极板。
电源46上电极组件36和下电极板30之间产生高频静电场。施加的均方根（RMS）电压为，例如，300-8000伏。低于 300伏的电压是不利的因为这样的电压不足以产生能足够地加热粘结剂22的热量。相反地，超过8000伏的电压也是不利的，因为将会遇到严重的电极板48、50、52等接地的绝缘问题。电源46产生的交流频率为25兆赫到40兆赫。低于10兆赫的频率是不利的，因为加热粘结剂22所要求的电压太大而不能达到相同加热时间，并且还有发生起弧的可能性。超过110兆赫的频率也是不利的，因为需要的单块电极板48、50和52的数目过多，使得难以均匀地加热粘结剂。另外，在大于110兆赫时，在聚能器38之间的匹配问题更为突出，因而要更注意相关地调整各单块电极板48、50和52。因此理想的频率是允许足够快速的加热并且在电极组件内尽可能少产生起弧。另外，频率太高时要注意，粘结剂22加热太快可能使其化学反应跟不上温度上升的速度。
本发明特别适合于大批量生产。在非限制性实例中，在支座20上升到如图4所示的位置时，通过施加上恒定频率及恒定电压的电场保持15到120秒可获得很好的粘结强度。这里所用的术语“恒定”是指在加热过程中频率及电压不作故意改变而达到明显的双重加热速度。在研究中意外地发现本方法具有防止过热的“故障自动保险”机理，这种过热会破坏外皮元件12的光滑的外表面。参照附图7，可以为使用化学反应的热固性粘结剂把两块预先固化的热固性的纤维增强塑料零件粘结在一起，在粘结剂中产生的热量将是正好足以让粘结剂较快地通过它的固化温度（Th）。但是一旦粘结剂固化，尽管施加的电场仍是恒定的，超过规定时间后，产生的热量便趋向于减少。尽管还没有完全理解这一现象，但认为这是由于粘结剂在固化及未固化状态下介电性能的改变而引起的。在本实施例中，电源46在34兆赫的频率和大约4400伏的电压下供能30到40秒。
这提供了保证粘结剂均匀固化的足够的时间，并且同时是足够快地保证了制造的经济性。然后，降下活塞32并从加热器26中移出已粘结的组件。
上述方法比其它的把加固元件粘结到热固性片状模压混合物外皮元件上的方法更好。通常的辐射加热方法一般太慢并导致粘结不均匀和/或在粘结剂中产生过分的热量，会引起燃烧及穿透外表皮。感应加热一般要求在粘结剂中或需要加热的区域使用金属颗粒。这对汽车车体外板组件并不实用。最佳实施例的设备也是设计用来克服在企图用介电加热方法来粘结较大零件时已经发现的问题。已经发现，如果在34兆赫频率下用一个单个的长电极来粘结超过1.1938米的零件时，会意外地发生不均匀加热。虽然这一现象的原因还不完全清楚，但可以认为由于长电极面积有变化将有某些能量辐射峰，它们可能是由于电极长度达到交流电源46的波长的1/15（因此产生热量的变化大于或等于10%）。因此，沿着两个相对的电极将产生不一样的电压升高，并导致零件加热不均匀。可认为本发明的最佳实施例解决了上述的多方面的问题，并给使用者提供了对粘结各种零件而细调设备所需的灵活性。本专业的普通技术人员在研究了本发明的附图、申请书及权利要求后将会明白本发明的其它优点。
虽然在本发明的附图及前面的说明部分只提出一个详细的方法和设备的实施例，但可以知道本发明绝不局限于所述的特殊的实施例，而在不超出本发明的范围内可进行重新安排，改型及替换。例如，本发明的方法和设备可生产包括三个或更多零件的组件，例如由一个第一外纤维增强塑料元件、一个中间的金属元件及一个第二内纤维增强塑料元件制成的汽车门。本专业的技术人员还可以提出其它改变。下面的权利要求书企图包进所有这些可能的改型。

Claims (5)

1、把一个巳固化的纤维增强塑料零件和一个加固元件粘结起来的方法，所述的方法包括：
在所述的零件和加固元件之间的配合表面放上未固化的热固性粘结剂形成一个组件；
把该组件放入两个电极之间；和
以300伏到8000伏的高压对电极施加上10到110兆赫的高频信号保持15秒到120秒，足够将粘结剂固化而没有影响所述的零件外表面质量。
2、按照权利要求1的方法，其特征在于的述的零件是表面积大于0.09平方米和长度至少为1.193米的汽车车体外板。
3、按照权利要求2的方法，其特征在于所述的加固元件一般是帽形的，其横截面的特点是有一个突起的弓形部分和一对凸缘，一层粘结剂放在凸缘和外皮元件的内表面之间。
4、按照权利要求3的方法，其特征在于所述的粘结剂是有树脂及固化剂两成分的环氧树脂粘结剂。
5、按照权利要求4的方法，其特征在于所述的加固元件是由已固化的纤维增强塑料制成的元件。
CN89102970A 1988-04-28 1989-04-27 加固件和纤维增强塑料件粘结方法 Expired CN1016766B (zh)

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US4941937A (en) 1990-07-17
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EP0339493B1 (en) 1994-09-21
CN1037477A (zh) 1989-11-29
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CA1320819C (en) 1993-08-03
DE68918324T2 (de) 1995-01-19
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