CN101782680B - Optical system of total reflection - Google Patents
Optical system of total reflection Download PDFInfo
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- CN101782680B CN101782680B CN2009100209321A CN200910020932A CN101782680B CN 101782680 B CN101782680 B CN 101782680B CN 2009100209321 A CN2009100209321 A CN 2009100209321A CN 200910020932 A CN200910020932 A CN 200910020932A CN 101782680 B CN101782680 B CN 101782680B
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Abstract
An optical system of total reflection comprises an optical axis OO', primary mirrors symmetrically positioned at the upper and the lower sides of the optical axis OO' and secondary mirrors positioned on the reflection rays of the primary mirrors; the optical axis OO' is vertical to the center of the secondary mirrors; the primary mirrors are concave paraboloids, and the secondary mirrors are convex hyperboloids; the system further comprises a third mirror positioned at one side of the optical axis OO' and a fourth mirror positioned at the other side of the optical axis OO'; a coude mirror and a field stop are positioned at the prior image surface of the emergent ray of the secondary mirror; the emergent ray is reflected to the third mirror by the coude mirror; the ray enters the fourth mirror through the third mirror through Lyot field stop; after the reflection of the fourth mirror, the ray is focused on a focal plane; the third mirror is a concave high-order aspheric surface; and the fourth mirror is a concave spheroid. The system is centrifugal in image space, and is applied to large-diameter high-resolution observation and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of imaging optical system of total reflection.Specifically, be a kind of common optical axis, linear field, the optical system of total reflection that uses as Fang Yuanxin, anorthopia field.
Background technology
With respect to dioptric system, optical system of total reflection has the advantage that can not be substituted in long-focus, heavy caliber and broadband optical system.In general, in the optical system of bore greater than 300mm, because the restriction of material and optical system volume and weight, simple dioptric system is just inapplicable.These restrictions then do not exist for reflecting system fully.In long burnt system, can be through the catoptron light path of turning back back and forth, thus reduction system volume greatly; In reflecting system, light does not pass whole optical element, and just at a lateral reflection of optical element, can under the stable prerequisite of the face of assurance type, hollow out the back side and come loss of weight.These characteristics determined reflecting system be particularly suitable for spacer remote sensing and use.At the high resolving power earth observation satellite of rail, like Sopt V, Ikonos, Quickbird and Worldwile-I etc., its optical system is optical system of total reflection at present.The wide spectrum characteristic is another outstanding advantage of full reflected system.The metallic reflective coating of general reflecting surface plating all has than higher reflectivity up to far infrared from ultraviolet, and does not have aberration, is fit to very much the optical system that wide spectrum is used.
In full reflected system, because light comes back reflective, causing blocking each other between the eyeglass is very big problem.Because mutual blocking between the eyeglass, make that eyeglass quantity is wanted much less with respect to dioptric system in the full reflected system.Eyeglass quantity is few, makes that the variable of correcting optical system aberration is also just few, so eyeglass face type all uses quadric surface or high order aspheric surface with increase variable number in the general reflecting system, thereby proofreaies and correct more aberration, improves the imaging system performance.
Sphere, quadric surface and high order aspheric surface can use following formula to describe:
Here z is the rise of curved surface with respect to the summit;
C is place, curved surface summit curvature;
K is the quadric surface coefficient;
During k=0, be sphere;
-1＜k＜0 o'clock is the ellipsoid of major axis and optical axis coincidence;
During k=-1, be parabola;
Simultaneously, k=-e
2, e is the quadric surface eccentricity;
When k＞0, curved surface is by ellipse short shaft and optical axis coincidence, the curved surface that generates around optical axis, at this moment, k=e
2/ (1-e
2), e is oval eccentricity.
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J are respectively 4 rank, 6 rank, 8 rank, 10 rank, 12 rank, 14 rank, 16 rank, 18 rank, 20 rank asphericity coefficients, when above asphericity coefficient was zero entirely, curved surface was quadric surface completely.
h＝x
2+y
2；
Traditionally, we are referred to as aspheric surface with quadric surface and high order aspheric surface.
Traditional reflective optical system mainly contains newton system, Pascal Greggory system and Cassegrain.Their mirror surface type is quadric surface, and wherein, the newton system is made up of a parabola; The Pascal Greggory system is made up of a parabola and an ellipsoid; Cassegrain is made up of a parabola and a hyperboloid.Spherical aberration has all been proofreaied and correct by these systems, but other aberrations relevant with the visual field do not obtain correction, so these system visual fields are very little.Subsequently, Cassegrain is improved to the reflecting system of a kind of RC of being called, and primary mirror is very approaching paraboloidal hyperboloid, and secondary mirror is a hyperboloid.The RC system has proofreaied and correct spherical aberration and coma simultaneously, and the system visual field of making has obtained expansion.Famous Hubble is exactly an extremely successful application of RC system.Near RC system focal plane, increase the visual field that one group of flat field mirror of proofreading and correct the curvature of field can further enlarge imaging system, but the introducing of refracting element, big limitations the wide spectrum performance of optical system.
In the 60 to 70's of 20th century, a kind of diffusing system of three catoptron disappearing images (being called for short TMA) that is referred to as has appearred.TMA is made up of three non-spherical reflectors, has proofreaied and correct spherical aberration, coma and the curvature of field simultaneously, through three powers of mirror of reasonable distribution, can also proofread and correct the curvature of field.On the basis of TMA system, develop and several kinds of concrete optical systems.
Be typically U.S.Patent 4,101, a kind of structure of 195 (1978) announcements.It is made up of 4 catoptrons, a slice level crossing wherein, three quadric surface mirrors (hyperboloid, two ellipsoids).Real image planes and real Lyot diaphragm are arranged.The total system compact conformation, entrance pupil is positioned at primary mirror, and other lens dimension are significantly less than primary mirror, and be fit to heavy caliber and use, be a good optical system.Its working field of view is a linear field, is fit to very much work in the pattern of sweeping that pushes away.The earth observation satellite Ikonos of one meter resolution of the U.S. has just adopted structure.But this system is not picture Fang Yuanxin, and incident angle is bigger in the focal plane its chief ray, and this all is very disadvantageous near the optical filter filter effect homogeneity of focal plane illumination and the focal plane.
U.S.Patent 4,240, and 707 (1980) have announced the structure of another kind of TMA, are made up of three aspheric mirrors, and the visual field is regarded as linear field equally, but the visual field is than U.S.Patent 4,101, and 195 is bigger.Its light channel structure is picture Fang Yuanxin, but its entrance pupil is positioned at second catoptron, and other two mirror size are close, and much larger than the entrance pupil diameter, so use for the heavy caliber high resolution observations, this structure is also inapplicable.That this structure is applicable to is small-bore, big visual field, multispectral section, work in the imaging device that pushes away the pattern of sweeping.The calculated ALI multispectral camera of U.S. EO-1, its entrance pupil bore is 125mm, has just adopted this optical system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of optical system of total reflection, its system is as Fang Yuanxin, and is suitable for the heavy caliber high resolution observations and uses.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of optical system of total reflection; Comprise optical axis OO ', symmetry be positioned at optical axis OO ' up and down both sides primary mirror 1 and be positioned at the secondary mirror 2 on primary mirror 1 reflection ray, the central vertical of said optical axis OO ' and secondary mirror 2,1 type of said primary mirror is recessed parabola; 2 types of said secondary mirror are protruding hyperboloid
Its special character is: also comprise the 3rd mirror 3 and the 4th mirror 4 that is positioned at optical axis OO ' opposite side that are positioned at an optical axis OO ' side; The position of the last image planes of the emergent ray of said secondary mirror 2 is provided with folding axle mirror 5 and field stop 6; Said folding axle mirror 5 reflexes to emergent ray on the 3rd mirror 3; Said light is incident to the 4th mirror 4 through the 3rd mirror 3 through Lyot diaphragm 7 light, and after the 4th mirror 4 reflected, convergence of rays was in the focal plane 8; 3 types of said the 3rd mirror are recessed high order aspheric surface, and 4 types of said the 4th mirror are recessed ellipsoid.
This optical system of total reflection of above-mentioned process is a linear field, and the chief ray of said each visual field is vertical incidence to focal plane 8 all.
Above-mentioned the 3rd mirror 3 emergent raies are directional light, can constitute a non-focus optical system by primary mirror 1, secondary mirror 2, folding axle mirror 5 and the 3rd mirror 3, and its angular magnification is primary mirror 1 diameter and Lyot diaphragm 7 diameter ratios.
Above-mentioned folding axle mirror 5 and optical axis OO ' angle can be according to the practical application up-down adjustment, but can not block light.
It is good that above-mentioned folding axle mirror 5 is 45 ° with optical axis OO ' angle.
Above-mentioned folding axle mirror 5 is a level crossing.
(Onesiphore Pecquer) diaphragm difficult to understand in wherein the Lyot diaphragm can be translated as refers to that the entrance pupil of optical system becomes to have real image in optical system, and it is very effective to eliminating the optical system stray radiation.
The present invention has common optical axis, linear field, as the characteristics that use side's heart far away and anorthopia field, be suitable for the heavy caliber high resolution observations and use.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the whole optical system side cutaway view;
Fig. 2 is the top view sectional view of primary mirror to secondary mirror;
Fig. 3 is the front sectional elevation of the 3rd mirror to the four mirrors;
Fig. 4 is the front sectional elevation of the 4th mirror to focal plane.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1～4, a kind of optical system of total reflection, comprise optical axis OO ', symmetry be positioned at optical axis OO ' up and down both sides primary mirror 1 and be positioned at the secondary mirror 2 on primary mirror 1 reflection ray; The central vertical of optical axis OO ' and secondary mirror 2,1 type of said primary mirror is recessed parabola, 2 types of secondary mirror are protruding hyperboloid; Also comprise the 3rd mirror 3 and the 4th mirror 4 that is positioned at optical axis OO ' opposite side that are positioned at an optical axis OO ' side; The position of the last image planes of the emergent ray of secondary mirror 2 is provided with folding axle mirror 5 and field stop 6, and folding axle mirror 5 reflexes to emergent ray on the 3rd mirror 3, and light is incident to the 4th mirror 4 through the 3rd mirror 3 through Lyot diaphragm 7 light; After 4 reflections of the 4th mirror; 3 types of 8, the three mirrors are recessed high order aspheric surface in the focal plane in convergence of rays, and 4 types of said the 4th mirror are recessed ellipsoid; Through this optical system of total reflection is linear field, and the chief ray of said each visual field is vertical incidence to focal plane 8 all.
Wherein the 3rd mirror 3 emergent raies are directional light, can constitute a non-focus optical system by primary mirror 1, secondary mirror 2, folding axle mirror 5 and the 3rd mirror 3, and its angular magnification is primary mirror 1 diameter and Lyot diaphragm 7 diameter ratios.
Wherein a folding axle mirror 5 be a level crossing, and folding axle mirror 5 and optical axis OO ' angle can be according to the practical application up-down adjustment, but can not block light.Folding axle mirror 5 is 45 ° with optical axis OO ' angle the best particularly.
The present invention is a kind of compactness, by the optical system of total reflection that five catoptrons are formed, form by a plane mirror and four non-spherical reflectors, we are referred to as four catoptron picture side telecentric systems, abbreviate FMT as.
This optical system entrance pupil is positioned at primary mirror, and the primary mirror type is parabolic; Light reflexes to secondary mirror by primary mirror, and the secondary mirror type is a hyperboloid; Light via inferior mirror reflection after, formed image planes one time; Then the light level crossing that is tilted 45 ° of placements reflects downwards, and here systematic optical axis has been turned back 90 °; Light is incident to the 3rd mirror downwards, and the 3rd mirror type is a high order aspheric surface; After the 3rd mirror reflection, the parallel outgoing of light, entrance pupil becomes real image above it, is referred to as the Lyot diaphragm; Be incident to the 4th mirror through Lyot diaphragm light, the 4th mirror type is an ellipsoid; After the 4th mirror reflection, convergence of rays is in the focal plane.The chief ray of each visual field all vertical incidence is a more satisfactory picture side telecentric imaging system to the focal plane.
Claims (4)
1. optical system of total reflection; Comprise that symmetry is positioned at the optical axis OO ' primary mirror of both sides (1) and be positioned at the secondary mirror (2) on primary mirror (1) reflection ray up and down; The central vertical on plane, said optical axis OO ' and secondary mirror (2) place, said primary mirror (1) face type is recessed parabola, said secondary mirror (2) face type is protruding hyperboloid; It is characterized in that: also comprise the 3rd mirror (3) that is positioned at an optical axis OO ' side and the 4th mirror (4) that is positioned at optical axis OO ' opposite side; The position of the last image planes of the emergent ray of said secondary mirror (2) is provided with folding axle mirror (5) and field stop (6), and said folding axle mirror (5) reflexes to emergent ray on the 3rd mirror (3), and said light is incident to the 4th mirror (4) through the 3rd mirror (3) through Lyot diaphragm (7) light; After the 4th mirror (4) reflection; Convergence of rays is (8) in the focal plane, and said the 3rd mirror (3) face type is recessed high order aspheric surface, and said the 4th mirror (4) face type is recessed ellipsoid.
2. according to the said optical system of total reflection of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said folding axle mirror (5) is level crossing.
3. according to the said optical system of total reflection of claim 2, it is characterized in that: said folding axle mirror (5) and optical axis OO ' angle can be according to the practical application up-down adjustment, but can not block light.
4. according to the said optical system of total reflection of claim 3, it is characterized in that: said folding axle mirror (5) is 45 ° with optical axis OO ' angle.
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| CN2009100209321A CN101782680B (en) | 2009-01-16 | 2009-01-16 | Optical system of total reflection |
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| CN2009100209321A CN101782680B (en) | 2009-01-16 | 2009-01-16 | Optical system of total reflection |
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| CN101782680B true CN101782680B (en) | 2012-05-23 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107589536A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-01-16 | 北京空间机电研究所 | A kind of small relative aperture folds light path coaxial system |
| CN108828754B (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2021-02-05 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Ultra-high resolution imaging optical system and imaging method of submicron-order pixel |
| CN109557648A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-04-02 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of low five reflecting optical system of distortion compact of long-focus |
| US11320637B2 (en) | 2019-08-11 | 2022-05-03 | Youngwan Choi | Small form factor 4-mirror based imaging systems |
| CN112903801A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-04 | 南开大学 | Ion photodissociation method and device |
| CN114660792A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-06-24 | 成都浩孚科技有限公司 | Reflection type afocal optical system |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4101195A (en) * | 1977-07-29 | 1978-07-18 | Nasa | Anastigmatic three-mirror telescope |
| US5640283A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-06-17 | The Aerospace Corporation | Wide field, long focal length, four mirror telescope |
| CN201331617Y (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2009-10-21 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Perfect reflection optic system |
-
2009
- 2009-01-16 CN CN2009100209321A patent/CN101782680B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4101195A (en) * | 1977-07-29 | 1978-07-18 | Nasa | Anastigmatic three-mirror telescope |
| US5640283A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-06-17 | The Aerospace Corporation | Wide field, long focal length, four mirror telescope |
| CN201331617Y (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2009-10-21 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Perfect reflection optic system |
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