CN101815461B - 改进的外科手术器械 - Google Patents

改进的外科手术器械 Download PDF

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CN101815461B
CN101815461B CN2008801006671A CN200880100667A CN101815461B CN 101815461 B CN101815461 B CN 101815461B CN 2008801006671 A CN2008801006671 A CN 2008801006671A CN 200880100667 A CN200880100667 A CN 200880100667A CN 101815461 B CN101815461 B CN 101815461B
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blade
operating instrument
surgical operating
end effector
instrument according
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CN101815461A (zh
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K·L·豪瑟
S·J·穆伊尔
L·T·德鲁卡
D·W·普莱斯
W·D·伯伊德
G·C·罗伯森
M·J·奥尼尔
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种外科手术器械。所述外科手术器械可包括被构造用于沿纵向轴线提供振动的换能器以及连接到所述换能器并沿所述纵向轴线从所述换能器延伸的端部执行器。所述外科手术器械还可包括平行于所述端部执行器延伸的下钳口。所述下钳口可包括朝所述纵向轴线延伸的夹持面。另外,所述下钳口可以相对于所述端部执行器滑动以使所述夹持面朝所述端部执行器的远端移动。

Description

改进的外科手术器械
背景技术
包括空芯器械和实芯器械在内的超声器械用于安全有效地治疗许多病症。超声器械是有利的,因为使用以超声频率传输至外科手术端部执行器的机械振动形式的能量可使超声器械用于切除和/或凝固有机组织。当以合适的能量级传输至有机组织并且使用合适的端部执行器时,超声振动可用于切除、解剖、拉升或烧灼组织或用于使肌肉组织与骨骼分离。此类器械可用于开放性手术或微创手术,例如内窥镜手术或腹腔镜手术,其中端部执行器穿过套针到达外科手术部位。
以超声频率启动或激发此类器械的端部执行器(例如切割刀片)可以引发纵向振动,该纵向振动在相邻组织内产生局部热量,从而有助于切除和凝固。由于超声器械的该特性,因此特定的超声致动的端部执行器设计用于执行许多功能,包括(例如)切除和凝固。
例如,通过电激励换能器在外科手术端部执行器中引发超声振动。该换能器可由器械手柄中的一个或多个压电元件或磁致伸缩元件构成。由换能器部分产生的振动通过超声波导传输至外科手术端部执行器,该超声波导从换能器部分延伸至外科手术端部执行器。将波导和端部执行器设计成以与换能器相同的频率进行共振。因此,当端部执行器连接到换能器时,整个系统的频率与换能器自身的频率相同。
端部执行器的顶端d处纵向超声振动的零至峰值振幅在共振频率下表现为如下式给定的简单的正弦曲线:
d=A sin(ωt)
其中:
ω为2π乘以循环频率f的角频率;并且A为零至峰值振幅。
将纵向偏移定义为峰到峰(p-t-p)振幅,其恰好为正弦波振幅的两倍或为2A。
超声外科手术器械可分为两类:单元件端部执行器器械和多元件端部执行器器械。单元件端部执行器器械包括诸如手术刀和球状凝固器的器械。当组织柔软并且支撑不紧时,单元件端部执行器器械使刀片向组织施加压力的能力是有限的。在一些情况下,需要很大的压力才能将超声能量有效地传输至组织。这样无法夹住组织的结果会进一步导致在施加超声能量时不能够完全接合组织表面,从而导致无法完成预期的止血和组织接合。在这些情况下,可使用多元件端部执行器。诸如夹紧凝固器的多元件端部执行器器械包括将组织紧压在超声刀片上的机构,该机构可以弥补这些缺陷。
利用谐波和非谐波器械的许多外科手术会在手术部位产生外来组织碎片和其他物质。如果不移除此类物质,就会阻挡临床医生的视线,并且还会干扰外科装置的刀片或其他端部执行器。为了移除此类物质,临床医生必须从手术区域移开器械并且引入抽吸工具。这会分散临床医生的注意力并且还会使其身心疲惫。
另外,在某些外科手术中,希望移除组织的核芯或其他完整的部分。在这些手术中,临床医生使用第一器械来夹住或有时候切除待移除的组织的外部轮廓。然后通常在仍然使用第一器械夹住组织的同时利用第二器械从周围物质中移开组织。此过程对临床医生而言尤其困难,因为这通常要求同时使用多种器械。另外,许多取样手术在极其精密的解剖部分进行,而这些部分要求精确切除。
此外,临床医生可以开启或关闭现有的谐波器械,但是一旦开启,此类器械对传输至组织的功率的控制是有限的。这限制了谐波器械在精密外科手术中的使用,这些外壳手术中需要精确的切除控制。
发明内容
在一个一般方面,多个实施例涉及外科装置。该外科装置可包括被构造用于沿纵向轴线提供振动的换能器以及连接到换能器并沿纵向轴线从换能器延伸的端部执行器。该外科装置还可包括平行于端部执行器延伸的下钳口。该下钳口可包括朝纵向轴线延伸的夹持面。另外,该下钳口可以相对于端部执行器滑动以使夹持面朝端部执行器的远端移动。
在另一个一般方面,多个实施例涉及包括端部执行器的另一外科装置。该端部执行器可包括限定中央腔的中空部分以及至少一个构件,该构件延伸穿过位于端部执行器远端周围的中央腔的至少一部分。
在另一个一般方面,多个实施例涉及包括中央器械和围绕中央器械的外护套的外科装置。该中央器械可被构造用于接合组织,并且可以相对于外护套滑动。该外护套可包括远端边缘,该远端边缘被构造用于在中央器械滑动至接近外护套远端边缘的位置时夹紧组织。
根据另一个一般方面,多个实施例涉及包括换能器和触发器的外科装置,该换能器被构造用于为端部执行器提供能量,该触发器可致动用于引发端部执行器的能量供给。端部执行器可连接到该换能器。该外科装置还可以包括设置用于感测施加在触发器上的力的传感器以及与该传感器连通的控制电路。该控制电路可被构造用于根据施加在触发器上的力的增加量,提高换能器传输至端部执行器的功率。
附图说明
多个实施例的新特征在所附权利要求书中进行了详细描述。然而结合以下描述和如下附图才能最好地理解多个实施例(有关手术组织和方法)以及其他目的和优点。
图1示出包括外科手术器械和超声发生器的外科手术系统的一个实施例;
图2示出图1所示外科手术器械的一个实施例;
图3示出图1所示外科手术器械的一个实施例的分解图;
图4示出可与图1所示外科手术器械一同使用的夹紧机构的一个实施例;
图5示出图1所示外科手术器械的一个实施例的剖视图;
图6示出图1所示外科手术器械的一个实施例的各种内部组件;
图7示出图1所示外科手术器械的驱动托架的一个实施例;
图8示出图1所示外科手术器械的驱动箍的一个实施例;
图9示出包括外科手术器械的外科手术系统的一个实施例,该外科手术器械具有单元件端部执行器;
图10示出外科装置的一个实施例;
图11至12示出图10所示外科装置的一个实施例的分解图;
图13示出图10所示外科装置的一个实施例的侧视图,该装置的刀片和夹持面彼此分离;
图14示出图10所示外科装置的一个实施例的末端部分,该装置的刀片和夹持面彼此分离;
图15示出图10所示外科装置的一个实施例的侧视图,该装置的刀片和夹持面可以朝彼此平移;
图16示出图10所示外科装置的一个实施例的末端部分,该装置的刀片和夹持面可以朝彼此平移;
图17至18示出图10所示外科装置的下钳口和外护套的一个实施例;
图19至20示出图10所示外科装置的一个实施例的手柄部分;
图20A示出图10所示外科装置的一个实施例;
图20B示出图20A所示外科装置的一个实施例,其中端部执行器被构造成在向夹持面前移时旋转;
图21示出图10所示外科装置的一个实施例的末端部分,包括限定中空腔的刀片;
图22示出图21所示刀片的一个实施例;
图23示出图10所示外科装置的一个实施例的末端部分,包括限定中空腔并且具有延伸穿过该中空腔的构件的刀片;
图24示出图23所示刀片的一个实施例;
图25示出图10所示外科装置的一个实施例的末端部分,包括限定腔的钳口构件;
图26示出与图25所示外科装置一同使用的刀片的一个实施例;
图26A示出图26所示刀片的另一个实施例,该刀片具有设置在刀片腔内的切削构件。
图27示出图10所示外科装置的一个实施例的末端部分;
图28示出图10所示外科装置的一个实施例的末端部分,包括收入端部执行器的中空腔内的栓塞结构;
图28A示出图10的外科装置的一个实施例,包括旋转的端部执行器;
图28B示出与图28A的外科装置一同使用的马达的一个实施例。
图28C示出图28A的外科装置的一个实施例,该外科装置具有斜口刀片;
图29示出空芯端部执行器的一个实施例,该装置包括延伸穿过腔的构件;
图30示出空芯端部执行器的一个实施例,该装置包括延伸穿过腔的构件;
图31示出图30所示空芯端部执行器的一个实施例的剖视图;
图31A示出具有斜口构件的空芯端部执行器的一个实施例;
图32示出具有非整体刀片的端部执行器的一个实施例;
图33示出端部执行器的一个实施例,该装置具有延伸穿过腔的构件和延伸穿越该构件的边缘;
图34示出具有内腔构件的端部执行器的一个实施例,该内腔构件不与端部执行器的纵向轴线平行;
图35示出具有多段内腔构件的端部执行器的一个实施例;
图36示出端部执行器的一个实施例,该装置具有向远端延伸的内腔构件;
图37示出包括中央器械和外护套的外科装置的一个实施例;
图38示出图37所示外科装置的一个实施例,其中中央器械正夹住组织;
图39示出图37所示外科装置的一个实施例,其中外护套已夹紧组织;
图40示出图37所示外科装置的一个实施例,其中组织已被切断;
图41至42示出图37所示外科装置的一个实施例,其中外护套包括边缘构件;
图43和45示出图37所示器械的外护套的一个实施例,包括一对处于开启位置的钳口构件;
图44和46示出图37所示器械的外护套的一个实施例,其中钳口构件处于关闭位置;
图47示出具有中央器械和外护套的另一外科装置的一个实施例;
图48示出图47的外科手术器械的一个实施例,其中中央器械伸入组织;
图49示出图47的外科手术器械的一个实施例,其中中央器械已从组织缩回;
图50示出图47的外科手术器械的一个实施例,其中外护套已伸入组织;
图51示出图47的外科手术器械的一个实施例,其中外护套已从组织缩回;
图52示出外科装置的一个实施例的框图;
图53示出外科装置的一个实施例;
图54示出外科装置的一个实施例;
图55示出图54所示外科装置的一个实施例的末端部分;以及
图56示出包括手柄连接器的外科装置700的一个实施例。
具体实施方式
在详细阐述多个实施例之前,应该指出的是,这些实施例的应用或使用并不局限于附图和描述中详细示出的部件的构造和布置。示例性实施例可以单独实施,也可以与其他实施例、变更形式和修改形式结合在一起实施,并可以通过多种方式实施或执行。例如,以下公开的外科手术器械和刀片构造仅为示例性的,而并非旨在限制它们的范围或应用。另外,本文以下描述的刀片和端部执行器的设计件可结合任何合适的器械进行使用。此外,除非另外指明,否则本文所用的术语和公式是为了方便读者而对示例性实施例进行描述目的所选的,并非限制其范围。
超声外科手术器械和刀片的例子公布于美国专利No.5,322,055、5,954,736、6,309,400B2、6,278,218B1、6,283,981B1和6,325,811B1,其全文以引用方式并入本文中。这些参考文献公开了超声外科手术器械设计件和刀片设计件,其中令人感兴趣的是刀片的纵向模式。结果为器械内产生纵向驻波。因此,器械具有横向运动等于零的波节,以及横向运动处于其最大值的波腹。器械的组织端部执行器通常位于波腹以使其纵向运动最大化。
现在将描述多个实施例,以便全面了解本文所公开的装置和方法的结构、功能、制造和使用原理。这些实施例中的一个或多个实例在附图中示出。本领域的普通技术人员将会理解,本文特别描述和在附图中示出的器械和方法为非限制性的实施例,并且多个实施例的范围仅由权利要求书限定。就一个实施例进行图解说明或描述的特征,可与其他实施例的特征进行组合。这种修改形式和变化形式旨在包括在权利要求书的范围之内。
应当理解,本文根据临床医生握住外科装置的手柄组件或其他类似件的情况来使用术语“近端”和“远端”。因此,端部执行器相对于较近的手柄组件而言处于远端。还应该理解,为方便和清晰的目的,本文根据临床医生握住手柄组件或其他类似件的情况来使用诸如“顶部”和“底部”的空间术语。然而,手术器械可以在许多方向和位置使用,并且这些术语并非限制性和绝对化的。
图1示出包括外科手术器械和超声发生器的外科手术系统的一个实施例。图2示出图1所示器械的一个实施例。在图1至2示出的实施例中,外科手术系统10包括超声夹持凝固器器械120和超声发生器30。外科手术器械120包括超声驱动单元50。如进一步所述,驱动单元50的超声换能器和夹持器械120的超声端部执行器180一起提供外科手术系统10的声波组件,该声波组件由发生器30提供动力时可以为外科手术提供超声能量。应注意的是在一些应用中,超声驱动单元50称为“手柄组件”,因为外科手术系统10的外科手术器械120被构造用于使临床医生在各种手术和操作中握紧并操纵超声驱动单元50。器械120可包括剪刀状夹紧装置,该装置除了有利于操纵超声驱动单元50外还有利于定位和操纵器械120。
外科手术系统10的发生器30以选定的由发生器30的控制系统决定的偏移、频率和相位通过电缆32发送电信号。如进一步所述,该信号使外科手术器械120的声波组件的一个或多个压电元件沿纵向轴线膨胀和收缩,从而将电能转换为机械运动。该机械运动引起超声能量的纵波,该纵波以声学驻波的形式在声波组件中传播,从而使声波组件以选定的频率和偏移振动。端部执行器180与患者的组织接触,以便将超声能量传递到组织。例如,端部执行器的刀片180′的末端部分可以与组织接触。如下文进一步所述,可利用诸如夹具或夹紧机构的外科手术工具将组织紧压在刀片180′上。
端部执行器180与组织连接,因此由于组织内部的摩擦、声吸收、以及粘滞损失产生了热能或热量。这样的热量足够使蛋白质氢键断裂,从而使高度结构化的蛋白质(例如胶原蛋白和肌肉蛋白)变性(例如组织化程度降低)。由于蛋白质变性形成的粘性凝固物会封闭或凝结小血管。该效应持续较长时间时则会造成更大血管的深度凝固。
将超声能量传输至组织会导致包括机械撕裂、切除、空蚀、细胞破碎以及乳化在内的其他效应。所得切除量和凝固程度随以下因素变化:端部执行器180的偏移、振动频率、用户施加的压力值、端部执行器180的锋利度、以及端部执行器180与组织之间的连接。
在图1示出的实施例中,发生器30包括与发生器30形成一体的控制系统、电源开关34、以及触发机构36。电源开关34控制传输至发生器30的电能,并且当由触发机构36启动时,发生器30提供能量以驱动具有手术系统10的频率的声波组件,并且以预定的偏移水平驱动端部执行器180。发生器30以任何合适的声波组件的共振频率来驱动或激发该声波组件。
当发生器30通过触发机构36启动时,电能连续地由发生器30施加到声波组件的换能器组合件或组件40上。发生器30的控制系统中的锁相环路监控声波组件的反馈。该锁相环路调整由发生器30发送的电能频率,以匹配声波组件的选定的振动纵向模式的共振频率。此外,控制系统中的第二反馈回路将传送至声波组件的电流维持在预选的恒定水平,以便在声波组件的端部执行器180处获得基本上恒定的偏移。
传送至声波组件的电信号将使端部执行器180的远端(例如刀片180′)在(例如)大约20kHz至250kHz的范围内纵向振动。根据多个实施例,刀片180′可在约54kHz至56kHz的范围内振动,例如以约55.5kHz振动。在其他实施例中,刀片180′可以其他频率振动,包括(例如)约31kHz或约80kHz。可通过(例如)控制由发生器30施加到声波组件的换能器组件40的电信号的振幅来控制刀片的振动偏移。
如上文所述,发生器30的触发机构36使用户可启动发生器30以便将电能连续地供给到声波组件。触发机构36可包括脚踏式激发开关,该开关通过电缆或电线可分离地连接或附接到发生器30。作为另外一种选择,触发机构可构造为合并在超声驱动单元50中的手动开关以使用户可以启动发生器30。
发生器30还具有电源线38,以便插入电外科手术单元或常规插座。可以设想发生器30还可通过直流(DC)电源供电,例如电池。发生器30可包括任何合适的发生器,例如得自Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc.的GEN04型发生器。
在图1和3示出的实施例中,外科手术器械的超声驱动单元50包括适于将手术员与声波组件的振动隔离的组合式壳体52。可将驱动单元壳体52成形为用户能够以常规方式抓握的形状,但可以设想主要通过器械壳体所提供的剪刀状装置来夹持和操纵现有的夹持凝固器器械120,如下文所述。虽然示出了组合式壳体52,但是壳体52可以包括单个组件或一体化组件。
超声驱动单元50的壳体52通常包括近端、远端、以及纵向伸入其中的腔体。壳体52的远端包括开口60,该开口构造用于使外科手术系统10的声波组件延伸穿过其中,并且壳体52的近端通过电缆32连接到发生器30。电缆32可包括导管或排放口62,以便将空气或其他流体引入超声驱动单元50的壳体52,从而冷却声波组件的换能器组件40。
超声驱动单元50的壳体52可由诸如ULTEM
Figure GPA00001009683900101
的耐用塑料制成。作为另外一种选择,还可以设想壳体52可由包括其他塑料(例如液晶聚合物(LCP)、尼龙、或聚碳酸酯)和/或金属(例如铝、钢等)的多种材料制成。合适的超声驱动单元50为得自Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc.的HP054型超声驱动单元。
手术器械的声波组件通常包括第一声波部分和第二声波部分。第一声波部分可由超声驱动单元50承载,并且第二声波部分(以端部执行器180的形式,如下文所述)可由超声夹持凝固器120承载。第一声波部分的远端优选地通过螺纹连接可操作地连接到第二声波部分的近端。
在图2示出的实施例中,第一声波部分包括换能器组合件或组件40以及固定器械84,并且第二声波部分包括端部执行器180。该端部执行器180又可包括传输部件、或波导181(图3)、以及末端部分、或刀片180′,以便与组织对接。
可以对声波组件的组件进行声波调谐,使得各组件的长度均为二分之一波长的整数倍(nλ/2),其中波长λ为预选定的或形成声波组件的纵向振动驱动频率f0的波长,并且n为任何非负整数。还设想声波组件可以结合任何合适的声波元件布置。
声波组件的换能器组件40将发生器30的电信号转换为机械能,从而使端部执行器180在超声频率下进行纵向振动运动。当为声波组件提供能量时,声波组件中就会产生振动运动驻波。沿着声波件的任何点处的振动运动偏移取决于沿着声波组件测量振动运动的位置。振动运动驻波的最小或零交点通常称为波节(例如运动通常最小的位置),并且驻波的局部最大绝对值或峰值通常称为波腹。波腹与距其最近的波节之间的距离为四分之一波长(λ/4)。
在图2示出的实施例中,声波组件的换能器组件40(又称为“Langevin组合件”)通常包括换能部分90、第一共振器92、以及第二共振器94。换能器组件40的长度为二分之一系统波长的整数倍(nλ/2)。应当理解,换能器组件40的其他实施例可包括磁致伸缩换能器、电磁换能器或静电换能器。
第一共振器92的远端连接至换能部分90的近端,并且第二共振器94的近端连接至换能部分90的远端。第一共振器92和第二共振器94均可由钛、铝、钢、或任何其他合适的材料制成,并且最优选地是第一共振器92由303不锈钢制成,第二共振器94由7075-T651铝制成。第一共振器92和第二共振器94具有由多个变量确定的长度,这些变量包括换能部分90的长度、共振器92和共振器94中所用材料的声速、以及换能器组件40的所需基频f0。第二共振器94可以从其近端到远端向内逐渐变小,从而起到变速器的作用,并且增大超声振动偏移。
换能器组件40的换能部分90可包括交流正极96和交流负极98的压电部分,并且压电元件100在电极96和电极98之间交替。压电元件100可由任何合适的材料制成,例如锆钛酸铅、偏铌酸铅、钛酸铅、或其他压电材料。每个正极96、负极98和压电元件100都具有穿过中心的孔。正极96和负极98分别电连接至电线102和电线104。电线102和电线104将电信号从发生器30传输至电极96和电极98。
可通过螺栓106使压电元件100在第一共振器92和第二共振器94之间保持压缩状态。螺栓106具有螺栓头、螺杆、以及螺纹末端。螺栓106可从第一共振器92的近端插入第一共振器92、电极96和电极98、以及压电元件100的孔。螺栓106的螺纹末端旋入第二共振器94近端中的螺纹孔。螺栓106可由钢、钛、铝、或其他合适的材料制成。例如,螺栓106可由Ti-6Al-4V钛或4037低合金钢制成。
可以根据发生器30提供的电信号对压电元件100提供能量,从而在声波组件中产生声学驻波。该电信号使电磁场穿过压电元件100,从而使压电元件100沿电压梯度的纵向轴线以连续的方式膨胀和收缩,进而产生高频超声能量纵波。超声能量通过声波组件传输至端部执行器180。
声波组件的固定器械84具有近端、远端,并且其长度基本上等于二分之一系统波长的整数倍(nλ/2)。固定器械84的近端可通过靠近波腹的内部螺纹连接轴向对准并连接至第二共振器94的远端。还可设想固定器械84可以通过任何合适的装置连接到第二共振器94,并且第二共振器94和固定器械84可形成单个组件或整体组件。
固定器械84连接至靠近波节的超声驱动单元50的壳体52。固定器械84可包括设置在其周边的整体固定法兰108。固定法兰108可设置在形成于超声驱动单元50的壳体52中的环形凹槽110内,以便将固定器械84连接至壳体52。适形构件或材料112(例如通过垫片连接的一对硅橡胶O形环)可设置于壳体52的环形凹槽110和固定器械86的整体法兰108之间,以便减小或防止超声振动从固定器械84传递至壳体52。
固定器械84可通过多根销114(例如4根)固定在预定的轴向位置。销114以彼此相隔90度的纵向方向设置在固定器械84的外围。销114连接至超声驱动单元50的壳体52,并且穿过固定器械84的声波固定法兰108中的凹口。销114可由不锈钢制成。根据多个实施例,销114可形成为壳体52的整体组件。
固定器械84被构造用于增大通过声学组件传输至端部执行器180的远端的超声振动偏移。在一个实施例中,固定器械84包括实心锥形喇叭。超声能量穿过固定器械84时增大了穿过固定器械84的声波的速度。可以设想将固定器械84构造为任何合适的形状,例如阶梯形喇叭、锥形喇叭、指数曲线形喇叭、一体式增益喇叭等。
固定器械84可声学连接到超声夹持凝固器器械120的第二声波部分。虽然固定器械84的远端可通过靠近波腹的内部螺纹接头连接到第二声波部分的近端,但是也可采用其他连接构造。
图3示出图1所示外科手术器械的一个实施例的分解图。超声夹持凝固器器械120的近端优选地通过将驱动单元50插入壳体52来接纳并安装至超声驱动单元50的远端,如图2所示。超声夹持凝固器器械120可作为整体单元连接到超声驱动单元50,并且可从超声驱动单元50上移除。超声夹持凝固器120在单次使用后便可丢弃。
超声夹持凝固器器械120可包括手柄组件或壳体130,其可包括配套壳体部分131、132以及细长部分或内窥镜部分150。当本器械被构造用于内窥镜检查时,其构造的尺寸可以使得细长部分或内窥镜部分150具有约5.5mm的外径。超声夹持凝固器器械120的细长部分150的延伸方向可以基本上与器械壳体130垂直。细长部分150可选择性地相对于壳体130旋转,如下文所述。细长部分150可包括外部管状构件或护套160、内部管状致动构件170,以及以包括刀片180′的端部执行器180形式存在的声波系统的第二声波部分。如下文所述,外护套160、致动构件170、以及端部执行器180可接合在一起,以便作为整体单元(与超声驱动单元50一起)相对于壳体130进行分度旋转。
第二声波部分的端部执行器180的近端能够可分离地连接到靠近波腹的超声驱动单元50的固定器械84,如上所述。端部执行器180的长度基本上等于二分之一系统波长的整数倍(nλ/2)。端部执行器180可由实芯轴制成,该实芯轴由能够有效传播超声能量的材料(如钛合金(例如T i-6Al-4V)或铝合金)制成。作为另外一种选择,可以设想端部执行器180可由任何其他合适的材料制成。
如上所述,端部执行器180可包括波导181。波导181可以基本上为半柔性的。作为另外一种选择,公认的是波导181可以基本上为刚性的或可以包括软线。如本领域中所熟知的,波导181可被构造用于增大通过波导传输至刀片的机械振动。波导181还可具有控制沿波导181的纵向振动增益的结构,并且具有将波导调谐至系统共振频率的结构。
公认的是端部执行器180可具有任何合适的横截面尺寸。例如,端部执行器180可具有基本上均匀的横截面,或者端部执行器180可在多个截面处渐缩或可沿其整个长度渐缩。
参见图3,所示的端部执行器180的波导181部分包括第一部分182、第二部分184、以及第三部分186。第一部分182可从端部执行器180的近端向远端延伸,并且具有基本上连续的横截面尺寸。第一部分182可包括至少一个径向洞或小孔188,该径向洞或小孔在第一部分中沿直径延伸,并且基本上垂直于端部执行器180的轴线。小孔188可设置在波节处,但也可设置在其他部位。公认的是小孔188可具有任何合适的深度以及任何合适的形状。小孔188被构造用于接纳连接器销构件,该构件将波导181、管状致动构件170以及管状外护套160连接在一起,以便相对于器械壳体130进行联合分度旋转。
波导181的第二部分184从第一部分182向远端延伸。第二部分184优选地也具有基本上连续的横截面。第二部分184的直径可以小于第一部分182的直径并且大于第三部分186的直径。当超声能量从端部执行器180的第一部分182进入第二部分184时,第二部分184变窄将导致穿过其中的超声能量的振幅增加。
第三部分186从第二部分184的末端向远端延伸。第三部分186也优选地具有基本上连续的横截面。第三部分186还可沿其长度具有小的直径变化。根据多个实施例,第二部分184向第三部分186的过渡可位于波腹处,以使得第三部分的直径变化不会引起振幅的增加。
第三部分186的周围可以形成多个凹槽或凹口(未示出)。这些凹槽可位于端部执行器180的波节处,以便在制造过程中作为安装阻尼护套(未示出)并且固定硅胶环或适形支架的对准指示器。可在最远端的波节处(离刀片180′最近处)提供密封件以减少波导与致动构件170之间的区域中组织、血液和其他物质的流通。
端部执行器180的刀片180′可与之形成整体并构成单个单元。刀片180′可由螺纹接头或焊接节点交替连接。根据多个实施例,刀片180′在机械性方面可以为锋利或钝的。刀片180′的远端设置在靠近波腹处,以便在声学组件未承载组织时将其调谐至优选的共振频率f0。当为换能器组件提供能量时,刀片180′的远端被构造为以预定的振动频率f0在(例如)峰到峰间距离为约10至500微米范围内、优选地约10至约100微米的范围内纵向运动。
根据图示的实施例,刀片180′可为圆柱形以配合夹持凝固器120的相关夹紧机构。可以对端部执行器180进行合适的表面处理,如本领域中所知。
图4示出可与图1所示外科手术器械一同使用的夹紧机构的一个实施例。夹紧机构可被构造用于与端部执行器180的刀片180′配合使用。该夹紧机构包括可枢转运动的夹臂190,该夹臂从其远端可枢转地连接至外部管状护套160的远端。夹臂190包括夹臂组织垫192,该夹臂组织垫优选地由TEFLON
Figure GPA00001009683900141
或其他合适的低摩擦材料形成,安装夹臂组织垫以便与刀片180′配合,而夹臂190的枢转运动使夹持垫192基本上与刀片180′平行并且与之接触。通过此构造,待夹持的组织被夹在组织垫192和刀片180′之间。组织垫192可具有锯齿状构造,该构造包括多个轴向间隔的向近端延伸的夹齿197,以便与刀片180′配合加强对组织的夹持。夹臂190相对于刀片180′的枢转运动通过在其近端提供至少一个、优选的是一对夹臂190的杠杆部分193来实现。杠杆部分193设置在端部执行器180和刀片180′各自的相对侧,并且与往复致动构件170的驱动部分194可操作地接合。致动构件170相对于外部管状护套160和端部执行器180往复运动,从而使夹臂190相对于刀片180′枢转运动。杠杆部分193可分别设置在由驱动部分194限定的一对开口中,或者与该开口进行适当的机械连接,由此致动构件170的往复运动通过驱动部分194和杠杆部分193作用以使得夹臂190枢转运动。
图5示出图1所示外科手术器械的一个实施例的剖视图,而图6示出图1所示外科手术器械的一个实施例的各种内部组件。图7示出驱动托架的一个实施例,并且图8示出图1所示外科手术器械的驱动箍的一个实施例。在图3和图5至图8所示的实施例中,致动构件170的往复运动通过提供驱动箍200来实现,该驱动箍安装在致动构件170近端以便进行联合旋转。驱动箍200可包括一对沿直径对置的轴向延伸臂202,各臂202具有驱动突缘204,其中驱动突缘204经臂202偏压而与管状致动构件170的近端部分限定的适当开口206接合。驱动箍200与致动构件170的共同旋转还可通过提供一对键208来实现,键208与致动构件170的近端部分限定的适当开口210沿直径接合。致动构件170上的周向凹槽211内包括O形环211′(图3)以便与外护套160的内表面接合。
致动构件170与外部管状护套160和内端部执行器180的共同旋转由穿过器械120的这些组件的连接器销212来实现。管状致动构件170限定细长狭槽214,连接器销212延伸穿过细长狭槽214,以便配合致动构件相对于管状护套和内部波导的往复运动。
安装在外部管状护套上的旋钮216有利于相对于夹持凝固器器械120的壳体130对细长部分150进行旋转定位。连接器销212优选地将旋钮216与护套160、构件170、以及端部执行器180连接在一起,以便作为整体单元相对于壳体130旋转。在该实施例中,旋钮216的轮毂部分216′的作用是将外护套160、致动构件170、以及端部执行器180(与旋钮216一起作为整体单元)可旋转地固定在壳体130上。
驱动箍200提供器械120的夹持驱动机构的一部分,这通过致动构件170的往复运动实现了夹臂190的枢转运动。该夹持驱动机构还包括与操纵杆222可操作地连接的驱动托架220,从而使该操纵杆通过驱动托架220和驱动箍200与往复致动构件170互连。操纵杆222(通过枢转安装座223)可枢转地连接至器械的壳体130,以便以剪刀状形式与壳体的握柄部分224相配合。操纵杆222朝握柄部分224的运动使致动构件170向近端平移,从而使夹臂190向刀片180′枢转。
驱动托架220与操纵杆222的可操作性连接通过弹簧226提供,优选地包括压缩螺旋弹簧226。弹簧226安装在由驱动托架220限定的弹簧狭槽228内,驱动托架又设置在操纵杆222的一对弹簧挡圈230之间。驱动托架220可以相对于与压缩螺旋弹簧相对的弹簧挡圈230(在壳体130的枢轴安装座223周围)枢转运动,该压缩螺旋弹簧挤压由各个弹簧挡圈230限定的弹簧狭槽的表面。这样,由操纵杆222的枢转运动通过驱动托架220和驱动箍200施加到致动构件170的力会受到弹簧226挤压弹簧挡圈230的力的限制。施加过大的力会使驱动托架220相对于与弹簧226相对的操纵杆222的弹簧挡圈230产生枢转位移。壳体130的止动部分限制操纵杆222的移动,从而防止弹簧226的过度压缩。在多个实施例中,施加到致动构件170上的力可以由可操作地设置在驱动箍200和构件170之间的一个或多个弹簧(未示出)所限制。例如,可使用一个或多个圆柱形弹簧,例如波形弹簧。以此方式利用波形弹簧的一个示例性实施例描述于美国专利No.6,458,142中,该专利以引用方式并入本文中。
本文的夹持凝固器器械120的细长部分150的分度旋转定位可通过提供结合在器械120的夹持驱动机构中的定位机构来实现。具体地讲,驱动箍200可包括一对轴向间隔的驱动法兰232。定位接纳表面可设置在驱动法兰232之间,并且可限定多个周向间隔的齿234。齿234可限定通常围绕驱动箍200的周边的定位接纳凹槽。在图7所示的实施例中,提供了12个齿234,从而相对于设备的壳体130对设备的细长部分150每隔30°进行分度定位。
分度旋转运动还可通过提供至少一个、优选的是一对沿直径对置的定位槽236来实现,定位槽分别设置在驱动托架220的悬臂式托架臂238上。通过这种构造,将托架臂238设置在驱动法兰232之间以便与其相对的表面接合,并且将定位槽236偏置以使其与驱动箍200接合。托架臂238的定位槽236与驱动法兰238相配合,使致动构件170进行往复运动,从而实现分度相对旋转。根据多个实施例,驱动托架220可由合适的聚合材料形成,其中由托架臂238产生的偏置力作用在与驱动箍限定的径向凹槽配合的托架臂的定位槽236上,以便抵抗小于约5至20英寸-盎司的相对旋转扭矩。因此,将夹持凝固器器械120的细长部分150相对于壳体130维持在其选定的分度旋转位置的任何一个位置,除非施加的扭矩(例如通过旋钮216)超过此预定的扭矩水平。因此提供了按扣状分度作用。
本文的夹持凝固器器械120的细长部分150的旋转可以与超声驱动单元50相对于壳体130的相对旋转运动一同实现。为了将细长部分150以超声传输关系接合至超声驱动单元50,可以使外部管状护套160的近端部分具有一对扳手平面240(图3)。合适的转矩扳手等可通过该扳手平面施加扭矩,从而使端部执行器180接合至超声驱动单元50。因此,通过适当操纵旋钮216可以使超声驱动单元50以及细长部分150作为整体单元相对于设备的壳体130旋转。壳体130的内部尺寸被设计为可以配合驱动单元50的这种相对旋转。
图9示出包括外科手术器械251的外科手术系统250的一个实施例,该外科手术系统具有单元件端部执行器256。该系统250可包括连接到端部执行器256的换能器组件252,以及设置在所示端部执行器256的近端部分周围的护套254。换能器组件252和端部执行器256可以与上述换能器组件50和端部执行器180相似的方式工作,从而产生可通过刀片256′传输至组织的超声能量。
图10示出外科手术器械300的一个实施例。图11至12示出图10所示外科手术器械300的一个实施例的分解图。一般而言,外科手术器械300可以包括换能器组件302、端部执行器304以及下钳口306。端部执行器304可至少部分地由护套314包封。下钳口306可以包括夹持面308,并且可以相对于端部执行器滑动,从而使夹持面308向端部执行器304的末端移动。根据多个实施例,端部执行器304和/或下钳306可限定用于对外科手术部位进行抽吸的腔。此外,端部执行器304可包括各种刀片304′,以便(例如)达到不同的外科手术效果。
图13至14示出图10所示的外科手术器械300的一个实施例,其中该外科手术器械被设置成刀片304′和夹具308彼此分开的打开位置。使用时,临床医生可在图13至14所示的打开位置将装置300引入外科手术部位。当装置300已正确定位时,临床医生可以(例如)通过启动触发器310使装置300转换为关闭位置。图15至16示出图10所示的外科手术器械300的一个实施例,其中该外科手术器械被设置成刀片304′和夹具308已向彼此平移的关闭位置。在图15至16所示的实施例中,已使触发器朝手柄312旋转,从而使下夹具306相对于端部执行器304平移,并且使夹持面308朝刀片304′移动。这样即可将组织夹在刀片304′和夹持面308之间。为端部执行器304提供能量可对所夹的组织进行凝固和/或切割。
可以任何适当方式来布置外科手术器械300的各种组件。图19至20示出图10所示的器械300的一个实施例的手柄部分。根据多个实施例,框架构件316可连接到手柄312和触发器310。手柄312可包括用于接纳触发器310的狭槽334。如果将触发器310设置在狭槽334内,并且将框架构件316安装在手柄312和触发器310上,则可对齐钻孔328、330和332(图11至12)。销320可穿过钻孔328、330和332以固定框架构件316、手柄312和触发器310。换能器组件302和端部执行器304可被收纳到框架构件316的腔体334中。护套314可被收纳到腔体334的末端。销318可穿过钻孔340、338和342,以固定护套314、端部执行器304和框架构件316。此外,护套314可包括舌状结构324,该舌状结构可被收纳到手柄312的相应凹槽结构336中(图11)。图17至18示出图10所示外科手术器械300的下钳口306和护套314的一个实施例,包括护套314的舌状结构324的视图。
下钳口306可连接到触发器310以及护套314,从而当朝手柄312拉动触发器310时,使下钳口306可以相对于护套314和端部执行器304平移。例如,下钳口306可限定出凹槽结构326,该凹槽结构被形成用于接纳护套的舌状结构324(图17至18)。下钳口306的近端348可限定一个或多个钻孔346。一个或多个钻孔346可与触发器312的狭槽344对齐,从而可插入销322。如图19所示,触发器310可围绕销320朝手柄312枢轴转动。这样可使销322在狭槽344内滑动,从而在下钳口306上施加指向近端的力,并且使得夹持面308朝端部执行器304的刀片304′平移。
在上述实施例中,下钳口306可滑动,而端部执行器304则保持固定。图20A示出外科手术器械300′的一个实施例,其中下钳口固定,而端部执行器可以滑动。框架构件316′可连接换能器302、护套314和端部执行器304。触发器310′可以在枢轴点380连接到固定的手柄/下钳口构件306′,并且在枢轴点382连接到框架构件316′。根据多个实施例,枢轴点380和382可包括如上所述的销和狭槽。使用时,临床医生可以朝手柄/下钳口构件306′的近端部分拉动触发器310′。这样可使触发器310′绕枢轴点380旋转,并且在框架构件316′、换能器302和端部执行器304上施加远端力,从而将端部执行器的刀片304′朝夹持面308推向远端。
图20B示出外科手术器械300′的一个实施例,其中端部执行器304被设置成在其朝夹持面308移动时可以旋转。框架构件316′可包括狭槽390。端部执行器304可包括销392,该销可由狭槽390收纳。当使端部执行器304向远端移动时(如上所述),狭槽392的取向可在销392上施加扭矩,并且随后向端部执行器304施加扭矩,从而使端部执行器如图所示那样旋转。在多个实施例中,销392可更换为多个销(未示出)。例如,在端部执行器304的第一侧面上可以设置一个销,并且该销可由第一狭槽390收纳,而在端部执行器304的第二侧面上可设置另一个销,并且该销可由与第一狭槽相对的第二狭槽390收纳。
可根据任何合适的实心或空芯构型来构造端部执行器304和刀片304′。图21示出图10所示外科手术器械的一个实施例的末端部分,包括限定中空腔350的刀片304′。图22示出图21所示刀片304′的一个实施例。根据多个实施例,可以通过腔350进行抽吸,以抽取由端部执行器304切除和凝固的组织。图23示出图10所示外科手术器械300的一个实施例的末端部分,包括限定中空腔350并且具有穿过中空腔350的两个构件352的刀片304′。图24示出图21所示刀片304′的一个实施例。构件352可用于将组织切割成小于腔350直径的部分,从而降低堵塞腔350的风险。各种实施例包括的构件352可以比所示的构件更多或更少。此外,如图所示,构件352可以直角彼此相交,但也可采用任何其他的合适构型。
图25示出图10所示外科手术器械300的一个实施例的末端部分,包括限定腔的钳口构件306,而图26示出刀片304′的一个实施例,该刀片可以与图25所示的外科手术器械一起使用。端部执行器304的刀片304′可限定腔体360。当使夹持面308朝刀片304′移动时,腔体360可覆盖由下钳口306限定的相应凹槽356。凹槽356可以限定进入下钳口306内的腔的开口354。可以通过腔及其开口354来抽吸由端部执行器304切除和/或凝固的组织。图26A示出刀片304′的另一个实施例,该刀片具有设置在腔体360内的切割构件361。使用时,切割构件可以切碎组织,从而减小开口354内收纳的组织块尺寸,并降低堵塞腔的风险。图27示出图10所示外科手术器械的一个实施例的末端部分。在图27所示的实施例中,端部执行器304可包括限定锋利边缘364的刀片304′。刀片304′可以覆盖上述的凹槽356和腔开口354。
图28示出图10所示外科手术器械300的一个实施例的末端部分,包括收纳到端部执行器304的中空腔350中的栓塞结构362。当使夹持面308朝端部执行器304移动时,栓塞结构362可收纳到由端部执行器304限定的腔350中。因此,栓塞结构可有助于移除腔350内存在的任何阻塞物或障碍物。根据多个实施例,栓塞结构362的横截面积可以小于腔350的横截面积。这样通常可限制由装置300移除的组织部分的尺寸,使其小于腔350的直径,从而降低阻塞的可能性。
图28A示出外科手术器械300的一个实施例,包括旋转的端部执行器370。该旋转的端部执行器370可以装配马达372。图28B示出端部执行器370所装配的马达372的一个实施例。马达372的转子376可环绕端部执行器370安装。当供能时,马达372的线圈374可使转子376和端部执行器370顺时针或逆时针旋转。使用时,可使下钳口306相对于端部执行器370平移,从而使夹持面308朝旋转的端部执行器370的刀片370′平移。根据多个实施例,图28A和图28B所示的实施例还可包括换能器(图28A和28B中未示出),该换能器用于通过超声方式激发端部执行器370。因此,可以转动并同时超声激发端部执行器370。此外,图28A示出了位于夹持面308和刀片370′之间的夹具垫377。该夹具垫377可由任何合适的材料制成,包括(例如)聚合材料。
图28C示出具有斜口刀片304″的外科手术器械300″的一个实施例。根据任何合适的方法(包括(例如)结合图10、20A、以及20B所述的方法),下钳口306和夹持面308″可相对于端部执行器304和刀片304″滑动。刀片304″可具有相对于装置300″倾斜的远端表面381。例如,刀片304″的远端表面381可倾斜成45°角。根据多个实施例,夹持面308″也可倾斜(如图所示)以配合刀片304″的角度。
图29至36示出各种可用于切割和/或凝固组织的空芯端部执行器的实施例。该端部执行器可限定中央腔,并且可包括至少一个在端部执行器的远端处穿过中央腔的至少一部分中的构件。该一个或多个构件可用于使骨骼或其他组织在通过腔前破碎,从而使腔不太可能被组织材料阻塞。根据多个实施例,端部执行器可与任何合适的手动或超声器械一起使用。例如,端部执行器可与上述外科手术器械10、250和300一起使用。
图29示出空芯端部执行器400的一个实施例,该空芯端部执行器包括穿过由端部执行器400限定的腔402的构件404、406。构件404和406可以包括在多个点(包括点408和410)处连接到端部执行器400的线。可根据包括焊接、粘结等任何合适的方法将线连接到端部执行器400。此外,虽然图29所示实施例包括两个在腔402的中心附近相交的构件404和406,但应当理解的是可采用任何其他合适的构件构型或数目。图30示出空芯端部执行器412的一个实施例,该空芯端部执行器包括穿过腔402的构件414、416,而图31示出图30所示空芯端部执行器412的一个实施例的剖视图。在图30至31所示的实施例中,可以将构件414和416加工成端部执行器412本身的一部分。因此,构件414、416的一部分可向近端延伸到腔402中。图31A示出包括有角的构件417的空芯端部执行器413的一个实施例。构件417可以不穿过整个腔402。相反,部分或全部有角的构件417可在腔402的中央部分终止。
图32示出具有非整体刀片420的端部执行器418的一个实施例。刀片420可包括一个或多个构件422,例如以上结合端部执行器400和412所述。可根据任何合适的方法使刀片420连接到端部执行器418的剩余部分。例如,表面424和426可具有螺纹,从而可以将刀片420旋紧到端部执行器418的剩余部分上。此外,可通过压合、焊接、钎焊、粘结剂粘合等将刀片420与端部执行器418连接。根据多个实施例,非整体刀片420和端部执行器418的剩余部分可由不同的材料制成。例如,端部执行器418可由对超声波传输抗性较低的钛合金或其他材料制成。反之,刀片420可由易于加工的材料制成,和/或具有诸如钢之类的边缘。
图33示出端部执行器428的一个实施例,该端部执行器具有穿过腔434的构件430和超出构件430的边缘432。如图所示,将构件430设置在邻近端部执行器428的远端。例如,构件430可以向腔434内凹入最多15mm的距离。图34示出端部执行器436的一个实施例,该端部执行器具有不平行于端部执行器436的纵向轴线440的内腔构件442。构件442可以不平行于轴440的角度向近端延伸到腔438中。这样可有利于切割和移除小部分组织(例如组织部分441)。图35示出具有多段内腔构件448的端部执行器444的一个实施例。内腔构件448的各段450、452可以与纵向轴线446形成不同的角度。图36示出端部执行器454的一个实施例,该端部执行器具有从腔434向远端延伸的内腔构件458、460。构件458、460可以与纵向轴线459形成角度,如上所述。构件458和460还可以延伸超出端部执行器454的其他部分的远端边缘。
图37至54示出外科手术器械的各种实施例,这些外科手术器械可以作为超声或无动力器械用于移除组织部分。图37至54所示的实施例可用在需要移除骨骼或其他组织的芯或其他整体部分的外科手术应用中。该器械通常可以包括用于接合组织的中央器械以及围绕该中央器械的外护套。中央器械和护套可相对于彼此滑动。此外,该外护套可包括远端边缘,该远端边缘被构造用于在中央器械滑动至接近外护套远端边缘的位置时夹紧组织。
图37至40示出外科手术器械500的一个实施例的使用顺序。外科手术器械500可以包括中央器械502和外护套504。中央器械502包括两个钳口构件506和508。使用中,钳口构件506可朝钳口构件508枢转运动。根据多个实施例,可如上所述那样通过超声为钳口构件508提供能量。图37示出外科手术器械500的一个实施例,其中组织510的一部分位于钳口构件506、508之间。图38示出图37所示外科手术器械500的一个实施例,其中中央器械502正夹住组织。当钳口构件506、508朝彼此枢转运动以接合组织510时即可呈现这种状态。在图38所示的实施例中,已使外护套504相对于中央器械502移向远端。图39示出图37所示的外科手术器械500的一个实施例,其中外护套504已夹住组织510。当外护套504的末端部分越过中央器械502的远端边缘时即可呈现这种状态,从而使外护套504和/或其组件可以夹住组织510。根据多个实施例,外护套504的远端边缘512可限定锋利边缘以切断组织。此外,根据多个实施例,可以通过超声启动外护套504以触发切割和/或凝固。当外护套504夹住组织510之后,临床医生可以操纵器械500,撕裂或切断所夹持的组织510。图40示出图37所示的外科手术器械500的一个实施例,其中组织510已被切断。
外护套504可根据各种不同方法对组织510施加夹持力。例如,护套504的构造可使得远端边缘部分512向内偏压在自身上。因此,边缘部分512的静止状态可以是关闭位置或夹持位置,如图40所示。当中央器械502通过外护套504向远端延伸时,可以使边缘部分512分开,例如,如图37至38所示。根据多个实施例,远端边缘512可以包括由一个或多个纵向狭槽(未示出)分开的多个远端边缘部分。这可使远端边缘512分开。当中央器械502通过外护套504缩回时,边缘部分512可以收缩至其关闭位置或夹持位置,从而切割或夹住组织510。根据多个实施例,可以通过超声启动外护套504的边缘部分512以触发切割和/或凝固组织510。
图41至42示出图37所示的外科手术器械500的一个实施例,其中外护套包括边缘构件514。边缘构件514可以在该器械的触发器或其他组件(未示出)的启动下向远端延伸(如图41所示)。当边缘构件514达到外护套的远端时,它们朝彼此收缩(如图42所示)以切断或夹住组织510。根据多个实施例,可以通过超声启动构件514。
图43至46示出外护套504的一个实施例,包括钳口构件520。钳口构件520可以根据延长器522的远端运动而绕枢轴点524朝彼此枢转运动。例如,当中央器械502开始接合组织510时(如图37至38所示),延长器522可缩回,从而使钳口构件520保持打开位置,如图43和图45所示。当使外护套504相对于中央器械向远端延伸时,可使得延长器522向远端平移。可以通过各种机械力或自动控制力使延长器522向远端平移,例如通过临床医生启动该器械的触发器或其他组件(未示出)而使其平移。此远端平移可使得钳口构件520绕枢轴点524转动至关闭位置,如图44和46所示。
图47至51示出外科手术器械500的一个实施例的另一种使用顺序。图47至51所示的实施例可以包括中央器械530,该中央器械包括限定取样腔体532的超声端部执行器。当中央器械530延伸到组织510中时,其可以在对应于腔体532的一部分组织535的周围进行切割和/或凝固。图47示出外科手术器械500的一个实施例,该外科手术器械被放在一块组织510旁边。图48示出图47的外科手术器械500的一个实施例,其中中央器械530延伸到组织510中。可向中央器械530提供超声能量,以使其切入组织510。图49示出图47的外科手术器械500的一个实施例,其中中央器械530已从组织510中缩回,留下已从组织510上部分切断的中芯部分535。图50示出图47的外科手术器械500的一个实施例,其中外护套504已延伸到组织510中。外护套504可以切断或夹住中芯部分535,从而使临床医生可以撕裂或以其他方式取下中芯部分535。图51示出图47的外科手术器械500的一个实施例,其中外护套504已从组织510中缩回,从而取出中芯部分535。根据多个实施例,器械500可以省去中央器械502。例如,可以通过超声为外护套504提供能量,从而以类似于中央器械530的方式切割组织510的一部分。然后,外护套504可以夹住组织510以进行(例如)如上所述的切断或撕裂。
外科手术器械500可由临床医生通过手柄部分(未示出)进行操纵,该手柄部分可包括一个或多个用于启动中央器械502和外护套504的触发器。例如,中央器械502可通过任何合适的手动或自动装置来启动,包括(例如)类似于上文结合刀片180′和夹臂190所述的机械设计件。外护套504可类似地通过任何合适的手动或自动装置来延伸或启动。例如,外护套504可在触发器的启动下向远端延伸,其方式类似于往复致动构件170在上述操纵杆222的启动下向远端延伸的方式。根据多个实施例,可通过单次拉动触发器来启动中央器械502和外护套504。例如,单次拉动触发器不仅可以启动中央器械502,并且随后还可以延伸和启动外护套504。
图52至55示出力反馈外科手术器械,根据多个实施例,该力反馈外科手术器械被构造用于以可变功率级和/或端部执行器振幅向组织施加超声能量。根据(例如)施加到触发器的力和/或触发器的位置或移动,可以确定为器械提供的功率级或端部执行器振幅。应当理解,力反馈外科手术器械(例如图52至55中所示的实施例)可提高临床医生对器械所传递的超声功率的控制水平,从而有利于精确操纵。
图52示出力反馈外科手术器械600的一个实施例的方框图。器械600可包括超声端部执行器602,该超声端部执行器可在临床医生操纵触发器610时启动。当触发器610启动时,力传感器612可以产生指示施加到触发器610的力量的信号。除了力传感器612之外或用于替代力传感器612,器械600可以包括位置传感器613,该位置传感器可产生指示触发器610的位置的信号(如,按下或启动触发器的距离)。控制电路608可接收传感器612和/或613发出的信号。控制电路608可包括任何合适的模拟电路组件或数字电路组件。控制电路608还可与发电机606和/或换能器604连通,从而根据施加到触发器610的力量和/或触发器610的位置来调节向端部执行器602输送的功率和/或端部执行器602的发电机功率级或刀片振幅。例如,当对触发器610施加更大的力时,将向端部执行器602输送更大的功率和/或更高的刀片振幅。根据多个实施例,力传感器612可由多位置开关(未示出)代替。开关的各位置对应于传输到端部执行器602的不同功率级。
根据多个实施例,端部执行器602可包括夹紧机构,例如结合图4所述的那种夹紧机构。当触发器610初始启动时,夹紧机构可以关闭,以夹紧夹臂与端部执行器602之间的组织。当施加到触发器的力增加时(如通过力传感器612所感测),控制电路608可以增加通过换能器604输送到端部执行器602的功率和/或端部执行器602中所产生的发电机功率级或刀片振幅。在一个实施例中,控制电路608可以使用触发器位置(通过位置传感器613所感测)来设定端部执行器602的功率和/或振幅。例如,当使触发器朝完全启动位置进一步移动时,可增加端部执行器602的功率和/或振幅。
根据多个实施例,外科手术器械600还可以包括一个或多个用于指示输送到端部执行器602的功率量的反馈装置。例如,扬声器614可发出指示端部执行器功率的信号。根据多个实施例,扬声器614可发出一系列脉冲声,而声音的频率可以指示功率。除了扬声器614之外或用于替代扬声器614,该器械可包括视觉显示器616。视觉显示器616可根据任何合适的方法指示端部执行器功率。例如,视觉显示器616可包括一系列发光二极管(LED),而端部执行器功率由发光的LED数目来指示。扬声器614和/或视觉显示器616可由控制电路608驱动。根据多个实施例,器械600可包括连接到触发器610的棘轮装置(未示出)。当对触发器610施加更大的力时,棘轮装置可发出听得见的声音,以间接指示端部执行器功率。
器械600可包括其他可以提高安全性的功能。例如,控制电路608可被设置成防止将超过预定阈值的功率传输到端部执行器602。此外,控制电路608可以在指示(如通过扬声器614或显示内容616)端部执行器功率的变化与传输端部执行器功率的变化这两个时间之间实现延迟。这样即可给予临床医生充分的警告:即将传输到端部执行器602的超声功率将会改变。
可以采用任何合适形式来充分实现力反馈超声器械(例如器械600)。例如,图53示出力反馈外科手术器械620的一个实施例。器械620可包括可以由换能器632激发的超声端部执行器622。换能器632可通过线636与发电机(未示出)连通。当临床医生朝手柄626拉动触发器628时,夹臂624可向端部执行器622枢转运动,这类似于上述夹臂190和刀片180′。设置在触发器628上的传感器630可测量由临床医生施加到触发器628的力和/或触发器628的位置。应当理解,作为另外一种选择,可以将传感器630放置在器械620内的其他位置,包括(例如)在触发器枢轴点634处或在端部执行器622与夹臂624之间。控制电路(未示出)可以设置在器械620之上或之中的任何合适位置,包括(例如)在手柄626或触发器628内、在超声驱动单元50或发电机30内。
图54至55示出另一个力反馈外科手术器械640的一个实施例,该器械可被构造成超声骨钳型器械。器械640可包括一对手柄642、644,当使这对手柄绕枢轴点646朝彼此挤压时,可以使一对远端设置的钳口构件648、650朝彼此枢转运动,从而通过夹紧或切断来接合组织。钳口构件648、650中的一个或两个可以包括超声激发的端部执行器。例如,图54示出超声端部执行器652,该超声端部执行器设置在钳口构件650上并由换能器656驱动。换能器656可通过线657与发电机(未示出)连通。夹具垫654可设置在端部执行器652的对面。换能器656可设置在手柄642与644之间(如图所示),或设置在任何其他合适的位置。例如,换能器656可设置在手柄642、644的其中一个之内。力传感器658、660可如图所示那样设置在手柄642、644上,或者可以设置在器械640内的各种其他位置,包括(例如)在枢轴点646处。同样,控制电路(未示出)可设置在器械640之上或之内的任何合适位置。
图56示出另一个力反馈外科手术器械700的一个实施例,该力反馈外科手术器械包括手柄连接器708。器械700还可以包括被设置用于驱动如本文所述的端部执行器702的换能器704。手柄连接器708可包括一个或多个用于操纵换能器704和端部执行器702的开关706。例如,启动一个或多个开关706即可启动器械700。开关706可对应于结合图52所述的触发器610。可提供一个或多个传感器(图56中未示出)来感测开关706的移动和/或临床医生施加到开关706的力。控制电路(图56中未示出)可根据一个或多个如本文所述的传感器的输出来调节器械功率和/或端部执行器振幅。
本文所公开的器械可被设计为单次使用后丢弃,或者它们可被设计为可使用多次。然而在任一种情况下,该器械均可重新恢复,从而在至少一次使用后再次使用。重新恢复可包括如下步骤的任意组合:拆卸该器械、然后清洁或更换某些元件、以及随后组装。具体地讲,器械可以拆卸,并且可以任何组合选择性地更换或移除器械中任意数目的某些元件或组件。清洁和/或更换某些组件后,该器械可以在重新恢复设施处重新组装以随后使用,或者在即将进行外科手术操作前由外科手术队组装。本领域的技术人员将会知道,修复器械时可利用多种技术进行拆卸、清洁/更换和重新组装。这种技术的使用以及所得的修复器械均在本发明的范围内。
优选地,在外科手术前实施本文所述的各种实施例。首先,获取新的或用过的器械,并根据需要进行清洁。然后对器械进行消毒。在一种消毒技术中,将器械置于闭合并密封的容器中,例如塑料或TYVEK
Figure GPA00001009683900281
口袋中。然后将容器和器械置于可穿透该容器的辐射场,例如γ辐射、X射线或高能电子。辐射将杀死器械上和容器中的细菌。然后可将消毒后的器械保存在消毒容器中。该密封容器将器械保持在无菌状态,直到在医疗设备中打开该容器。
优选的是在外科手术前对器械进行消毒。这可以通过任意数目的本领域技术人员已知的方式来进行,包括β辐射、γ辐射、环氧乙烷、蒸汽。
虽然本文已描述了各种实施例,但可以对这些实施例进行多种修改和变型。例如,可采用不同类型的端部执行器。此外,虽然其中公开了某些组件用的材料,但也可使用其他材料。上述说明书和下述权力要求书旨在涵盖所有此类修改形式和变型。
以引用方式全文或部分地并入本文的任何专利、公布、或其他公开材料仅在所并入的材料不与本发明所述的现有定义、陈述、或其他公开材料相冲突的范围内并入本文。同样地并且在必要的程度下,本文明确阐述的公开内容取代了以引用方式并入本文的任何冲突材料。如果任何材料或材料的一部分以引用方式并入本文,但与本文所述的现有定义、陈述、或其他公开材料相冲突,那么仅在所并入的材料与现有公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下才将其并入本文。

Claims (21)

1.一种外科手术器械,包括:
换能器,所述换能器能够用于沿纵向轴线提供振动;
刀片,所述刀片连接到所述换能器并且沿所述纵向轴线从所述换能器
延伸,其中所述刀片在其中限定中央腔,并且所述刀片还包括至少一个构件,所述至少一个构件穿过所述中央腔的至少一部分延伸并且在所述刀片的远端附近固定地附接到所述刀片;以及
下钳口,所述下钳口平行于所述刀片延伸,所述下钳口包括朝所述纵向轴线延伸的夹持面,其中所述下钳口能够相对于所述刀片滑动以使所述夹持面朝所述刀片的远端移动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,还包括设置在所述夹持面和所述刀片之间的聚合材料的夹具垫。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,还包括设置在所述刀片的至少一部分周围的护套。
4.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,其中所述刀片包括波导。
5.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,其中所述至少一个构件包括两个构件,并且其中所述两个构件以直角彼此相交。
6.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,其中所述至少一个构件包括线。
7.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,其中所述至少一个构件穿过所述中央腔向近端延伸。
8.根据权利要求7所述的外科手术器械,其中所述至少一个构件在不平行于所述纵向轴线的方向上穿过所述中央腔向近端延伸。
9.根据权利要求7所述的外科手术器械,其中所述至少一个构件包括第一部分和第二部分,其中所述第一部分与所述纵向轴线成第一角度,并且其中所述第二部分与所述纵向轴线成第二角度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的外科手术器械,其中所述第一角度大于所述第二角度。
11.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,其中所述夹持面包括朝所述刀片的远端延伸的栓塞结构,其中当所述夹持面向所述刀片的远端移动时,所述栓塞结构至少部分地收纳到所述中央腔内。
12.根据权利要求11所述的外科手术器械,其中所述栓塞结构的横截面积小于所述中央腔的横截面积。
13.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,其中所述刀片包括远端部分和近端部分,并且其中所述远端部分与所述近端部分相连。
14.根据权利要求13所述的外科手术器械,其中通过选自由压合、焊接、钎焊、粘结剂粘合以及螺纹连接组成的组中的至少一种方法使所述远端部分与所述近端部分相连。
15.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,其中所述下钳口限定在所述下钳口的远端部分处具有开口的腔。
16.根据权利要求15所述的外科手术器械,其中所述刀片限定腔体,所述腔体用于当所述夹持面向所述刀片的所述远端移动时能够至少部分地覆盖所述开口。
17.根据权利要求15所述的外科手术器械,其中所述开口设置在由所述下钳口限定的凹槽内,并且其中所述刀片用于当所述夹持面向所述刀片的所述远端移动时能够至少部分地覆盖所述凹槽。
18.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,其中所述刀片固定,而所述下钳口相对于所述刀片向近端滑动。
19.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,其中所述下钳口固定,而所述刀片相对于所述下钳口向远端滑动。
20.根据权利要求19所述的外科手术器械,还包括连接到所述刀片的框架构件,其中所述框架构件限定至少一个狭槽,其中所述刀片包括至少一个销,所述至少一个销能够由所述至少一个狭槽收纳,并且其中所述狭槽被定向成在所述刀片向远端滑动时对所述刀片施加扭矩。
21.一种处理用于外科手术的外科手术器械的方法,包括:
获得根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械;
将平行于所述刀片延伸的所述下钳口拆下;以及
执行以下操作中的一个:
重整所述下钳口的至少一个所述夹持面,对平行于所述刀片延伸的所述下钳口重新消毒,将所述重新消毒的下钳口重新装上使其平行于所述刀片延伸;或连接另一个消毒的下钳口使其平行于所述刀片延伸。
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US20150265308A1 (en) 2015-09-24
EP2180819A4 (en) 2015-08-19
AU2008282532A1 (en) 2009-02-05
WO2009018067A1 (en) 2009-02-05
US20140336686A1 (en) 2014-11-13
JP2010534522A (ja) 2010-11-11
CA2694697A1 (en) 2009-02-05
US20180092660A1 (en) 2018-04-05
US20150257781A1 (en) 2015-09-17
US9707004B2 (en) 2017-07-18
US20200054386A1 (en) 2020-02-20
CN101815461A (zh) 2010-08-25
US20110288452A1 (en) 2011-11-24
US9642644B2 (en) 2017-05-09
US20090030437A1 (en) 2009-01-29
EP2180819A1 (en) 2010-05-05
US8652155B2 (en) 2014-02-18
JP5372931B2 (ja) 2013-12-18
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US8808319B2 (en) 2014-08-19
US10531910B2 (en) 2020-01-14

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