CN101840564A - Method for hiding mass information by using remote sensing image - Google Patents

Method for hiding mass information by using remote sensing image Download PDF

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CN101840564A
CN101840564A CN 201010166157 CN201010166157A CN101840564A CN 101840564 A CN101840564 A CN 101840564A CN 201010166157 CN201010166157 CN 201010166157 CN 201010166157 A CN201010166157 A CN 201010166157A CN 101840564 A CN101840564 A CN 101840564A
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hiding
remote sensing
data
sensing image
hiding data
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CN101840564B (en
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王结臣
陈刚
于庆
马劲松
蒲英霞
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Nanjing University
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Nanjing University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for hiding mass information by using a remote sensing image and belongs to the field of information hiding in pattern recognition and data encryption of information sciences. The method is characterized in that mass confidential files are stored in a remote sensing image file to have strong concealment; data is only stored in characteristic areas of the image file; and the hidden data is subjected to random encryption in advance and the encryption sites of an encrypted image still reserve the characteristics of an original image, so that the encrypted image has little appearance change to avoid being identified and decrypted and provide a security guarantee for the storage and transmission of private information. In addition, the invention also provides a method for extracting remote sensing image hidden information based on the method for hiding the mass information, which can effectively extract the hidden information and is simple and easy to implement.

Description

A kind of method of utilizing remote sensing image to carry out hiding mass information
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of is that carrier carries out hiding mass information and method of encrypting with the remote sensing image, belongs to Information hiding in the pattern-recognition and the field of data encryption in the information science.
Background technology
Information Hiding Techniques is the important directions of digital information epoch information security field, Information Hiding Techniques is to utilize the redundancy of carrier information, secret information is hidden among the general carrier data (text, image, video, audio frequency etc.), by the issue of general carrier data secret information is released, can avoid causing that other people note, thereby have bigger disguise and security, the very easy interceptor of escaping from cracks.
In recent years, developing rapidly of computer technology and network service makes people can pass through computer-readable storage medium, internet and communication network transmission data easily.In order to guarantee safety of data transmission, and unsafe network on transmitting confidential data, one of method be exactly before transmission with data encryption, decipher at receiving end then.If directly do not transmit separately yet these enciphered datas are not utilized some host's files, often wake suspicion easily.And it is more hidden to utilize image file to carry enciphered data, has more duplicity, because it shows as a significant image, rather than rambling 2 carry system codes.
The method of hiding data in digital picture that is widely used at present is the LSB method of spatial domain, information is embedded in the least significant bit (LSB) of each pixel value, the advantage of this method is simple, hiding capacity is bigger, invisibility is good, but reliability is relatively poor, and the information of embedding can be differentiated out by some method.Because for image, the enciphered data that is added into is a kind of culture noise, a kind of detection method of feature (as profile, texture, shape etc.) that can lose image on these encrypted bits is that shared 11N position of 11 each pixel of a bit image N wave band all separated, form 11N width of cloth bianry image, the characteristic difference that compares this 11N width of cloth image and original image, be very easy to find and take close image, because the feature of this image and original image are not inconsistent.
In addition, along with popularizing of computing machine, network, BMP (bitmap file form), JPG (JPEG (joint photographic experts group)), three kinds of picture formats of GIF (BIIF) are widely used, are the Information hiding of blindage with the image, and the picture format that is adopted mainly is above three kinds.With the normal image is that carrier can obtained effect preferably aspect the invisibility of Information hiding, but its subject matter that faces is that the embedding quantity of information is little.Image file with 24 BMP forms is an example, its data organization mode is: fixed-length file, message structure, brightness value on 3 passages of each pixel (each pixel accounts for 3 bytes), 24 about 5.3MB of true color BMP image of one 1200 * 1500, back three that intercept and capture each byte are used for stored encrypted data, taking close ratio is 37.5%, maximum portability 2MB information, demand that obviously can't the satisfying magnanimity Information hiding.
Remote sensing technology develops rapidly since the sixties in 20th century, and it has changed human knowledge's earth, understands the angle and the mode of the earth.Development along with computer technology, optical sensor technology and surveying and mapping technology, remote sensing technology is also from being that to develop into space shuttle, artificial earth satellite etc. be the spacer remote sensing of carrier for the airborne remote sensing of main carrier with aircraft, greatly expanded people's the observation visual field, enriched the source of earth observation information, remote sensing image becomes a kind of common digital picture gradually.Remote sensing image has the abundant characteristics of quantity of information, is example with the IKONOS audio and video products, and this product all is to store with 11bit, so each pixel has 2048 rank gray-scale values, and tradition has only 256 gray levels with the image of 8bit storage.The IKONOS image provides the user more abundant colors information, distinguishes in details such as lower image of contrast and shadow regions to have very great help.Therefore the panchromatic and 4 meters about 1.5G data of resolution multi-spectral image portability of 1 meter resolution of one scape can be used for hiding magnanimity information.The present invention is carrier with the remote sensing image, by improving the LSB method, has realized the enciphering hiding of magnanimity information.
Summary of the invention
The present invention wants the technical solution problem to be: overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, a kind of method of utilizing remote sensing image to carry out hiding mass information is provided.
In order to solve above technical matters, a kind of method of utilizing remote sensing image to carry out hiding mass information may further comprise the steps:
The first step, set and to treat that binary numeral in the hiding data byte deposits the position preface of hiding data memory block in, is referred to as the position password with this preface;
Second step, read as the remote sensing image data of hiding carrier, with the byte low side pre-determined bit of each pixel pixel value of described remote sensing image as treating the hiding data bank bit;
The 3rd step, get one as hiding data sieve position with the local official at the hiding data bank bit of remote sensing image picture element pixel value, the hiding data sieve position of each pixel pixel value of remote sensing image constitutes a secondary bianry image, and 0 district of the hiding data sieve position of each pixel of remote sensing image or 1 district are as hiding data sieve district;
The 4th step, with the zone for the treatment of the corresponding described hiding data sieve of hiding data bank bit district of each pixel pixel value of described remote sensing image as the hiding data memory block;
The 5th step, read the binary data stream that hiding data forms, deposit in according to the order of sequence in the described hiding data memory block according to the order of position password.
The 6th step, adopt the Run-Length Coding compression algorithm to carry out lossless compress to the remote sensing image after hiding Info.
It is as follows that the present invention utilizes image to carry the basic ideas of ciphertext (hiding data):
In the file of Computer Storage, a position preface has certain practical significance between the interior binary numeral of data byte.For example, computing machine identifies the positive and negative of current number by its most significant digit when handling signed number; Some information is in when storage, the independent data item that one or several binary digit can be formed.If want the ciphered data file to store mil successively into the user according to putting in order of binary numeral in the byte, each binary digit is not independently to exist, may there be certain relation, so just has the binary digit of utilizing the front to infer the possibility of back, reduce the security of encrypt file.For addressing this problem, the present invention utilizes binary numeral in random number series (position password) the transform data byte to deposit the position preface of hiding data memory block in.For 3 false colored synthetic Multi-Band Remote Sensing Images, do not take closely in order, adopts 8 position passwords of generation at random, as 85213647, represent that 852 are stored among the R3 (behind the red wave band low side three), 136 are stored among the G3, and 47 are stored among the B2.If remote sensing image has 7 wave bands, might as well be expressed as the ABCDEFG wave band, each wave band storage A3B3C2D2E2F2G2 position (16,2 bytes), still use 8 passwords, represent that the every of certain byte decomposes 852->A3,136->B3,47->C2 by following scheme, 85->D2,21->E2,36->F2,47->G2.After the cryptographic transformation bank bit preface of position, there is not any relation between the binary digit, the security that has further improved encrypt file.In addition, this process has been finished the encryption to hiding data.
Remote sensing image is a kind of grating image, and for the multiband remote sensing image, the most frequently used recording mode is that piece image is divided into several pixels by row, column, sequentially writes down the brightness value of the different-waveband of each pixel.If each wave band is stored a subpictures, each wave band image is all stored with the two-dimensional matrix form so; If multiwave image lamination is at one, remote sensing image is stored with the three-dimensional matrice form so.With 4 meters resolution multi-spectral images in 11 IKONOS audio and video products is example, its data organization mode is: the brightness value of fixed-length file head, message structure, 3 wave bands of each pixel (red, green, blue) (each pixel accounts for 3 * 11 bytes), the color that can represent adds up to 211 * 211 * 211=8589934592 kind, and naked eyes or general COMPUTER DETECTION can't be differentiated the nuance between these colors at all.Therefore, it is contemplated that, the low level of these Color Channels is intercepted and captured the low level of these Color Channels, be used for storing encrypted data file, and can not cause tangible influence the effect of original image.Concerning some wave band pixels, the data area of its expression is 0~2 11-1, if back (low side) 5 is used for storing hiding data as the hiding data bank bit, be a kind of noise to original image, the noise figure scope is 0~2 5-1, average influence intensity is 2 5/ 2 11=1.57% and since grey scale pixel value back five little to picture quality influence, therefore final image influenced intensity far below 1.57%.Thereby taking almost not variation on the image file presentation of close front and back, and naked eyes or common computer detection method are difficult to tell so trickle color distinction, and Here it is utilizes image to carry the basic thought of ciphertext.This method not only has stronger disguise, and has the close characteristics capacious of taking.Because the remote sensing image file is generally all very big, carrying the enciphered data ratio is 5/11, panchromatic and the 4 meters about 1.5GB of resolution multi-spectral image of 1 meter resolution of one scape, portability 0.68GB enciphered data (text that is equivalent to 3.65 hundred million words), requirement that fully can the satisfying magnanimity Information hiding.
Utilize said method to carry enciphered data (hiding data) simply,, can differentiate out by some method though image does not almost change in appearance.Because for image, the enciphered data that is added into is a kind of culture noise, can lose the feature (as profile, texture, shape etc.) of image on these encrypted bits.A kind of detection method is that shared 11 positions of each pixel of each wave band of image are all separated, and forms 33 width of cloth bianry images, relatively the characteristic difference of this 33 width of cloth image and original image.The feature and the original image of encrypted image are not inconsistent, and clearly do not belong to natural noise.
In order to prevent that effectively taking close image is detected, just need to consider the feature of image, make the band mil after separating, its presentation remains the profile of original image, and can not be simply, sequentially with data storage to mil.For this reason, the present invention chooses " a sieve position " as hiding data from remote sensing image, 0 district of hiding data sieve position or 1 district are as hiding data sieve district, zone corresponding with " sieve district " in the hiding data bank bit is the hiding data memory block, rather than on the full images zone, all store private data, the storage synoptic diagram, like this take close after, even mil (hiding data bank bit) is separated, its distribution of 0/1 still has the profile of original image, be not easy to be found, and have only by " sieve district " and could extract hiding data, increased the extraction difficulty of hiding data.Because the sieve district derives from image itself, different images sieve district is different, and same subpictures also can be specified not, and as seen coordination should be provided with more favourable data hidden as the sieve position.
If the user wants in the ciphered data file, 0/1 distribution has certain rules.As 1~n 1The position is 0 entirely, n 1+ 1~n 2The position is 1 entirely, and perhaps the high-end of each byte is 0 entirely, and only low side distributes and has randomness slightly.Therefore, only consider to utilize remote sensing images characteristic area storage private data can't avoid the destruction of characteristics of image.Because the destruction that the feature of file to be hidden itself causes characteristics of image, the described binary data stream for the treatment of that hiding data forms of the inventive method reads and passes through the binary data stream of cryptographic calculation from hidden file for the order according to the position password in order to prevent this class.At present, the data encryption means are comparatively ripe, such as utilizing a two-value random number sequence (key), binary data stream is carried out " adding " or " subtracting " computing, obtain the data stream of a conversion, this moment, the feature of user's hiding data was screened out, and resulting new sequence is the random data sequence that is composited by hiding data and random data.After encrypting, the feature of band hiding data will disappear, and the new data stream of acquisition has completely random, and it is stored in the characteristic area, just aforementioned circumstances can not occur.
Characteristics such as remote sensing images have the resolution height, contain much information, bit rate height, multispectral, multisensor, remote sensing image data has entered " magnanimity " stage.Though can be as the storage medium of hiding mass information, remote sensing image has increased the storage space of encrypt file, has brought great pressure for the transmission of encrypt file, storage.The data volume that needs when reducing transmission, memory image, the present invention adopts run length encoding method that image is carried out lossless compress.This method is to utilize the statistical redundancy of remote sensing image data to compress, and can reply raw data fully and do not cause any distortion, but compressibility is the one theory that is subjected to the data statistics redundance, is generally 2: 1 to 5: 1.Its principle is: the neighbor that the color value in the one scan row is identical replaces with a count value and those color of pixel values.For example: aaabccccccddeee, then available 3a1b6c2d3e replaces.For having large tracts of land, the image in same color zone uses the RLE compression method very effective.After hiding Info, adopt the Run-Length Coding compression algorithm to carry out lossless compress to remote sensing image, in fact resulting data have carried out " superencipher ", prevent that effectively this class image is identified and deciphers.
Utilize the method that provides among the present invention that the magnanimity classified papers are stored in the remote sensing image file, have stronger disguise.Simultaneously, because data only are stored in the characteristic area of image file, and data are in advance through number sieve conversion at random, make and to take image after close not only image is very little in appearance, and on mil, still keep its feature, even noise is to a certain degree arranged, also show as at random, natural causing, be difficult to detect with conventional method.
The present invention has two characteristics: be carrier with the remote sensing image one,, realized hiding of magnanimity information; Two, the band mil that utilizes remote sensing images characteristic sieve to keep taking close image still has the original image feature, utilize the feature of number sieve elimination enciphered data at random, thereby prevent that effectively this class image is identified and deciphers, for the storage and the transmission of private information provides safety guarantee.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of remote sensing image that utilizes remote sensing image to carry out the method for hiding mass information based on the present invention extracting method that hides Info, and may further comprise the steps:
The first step, employing run length encoding method decompress and carry the remote sensing image that hides Info;
Second step, obtain hiding data sieve district according to default hiding data sieve position, described hiding data sieve district is 0 district or 1 district of the hiding data sieve position of each pixel of remote sensing image;
In the 3rd step, what each pixel of remote sensing image was predetermined treats that the hiding data bank bit zone corresponding with hiding data sieve district is the hiding data memory block;
In the 4th step, the order by the predeterminated position password from the hiding data memory block is extracted the binary data stream for the treatment of that hiding data forms.
The present invention's extracting method that hides Info is corresponding with the aforementioned information hidden method, and the following Several Parameters of its need can realize information extraction: 1, position password; 2, hiding data sieve position; 3,0 district of hiding data sieve position still is that 1 district is as hiding data sieve district; 4, treat the hiding data bank bit.
Hiding data sieve district stems from remote sensing image itself, and different different because of remote sensing image, it is disguised better.For extracting hiding data one side, in case know that aforementioned the 2nd, the 3rd parameter can be with " sieve district " delamination, and can carry out data extract according to the default hiding data bank bit for the treatment of, visible information extraction desired parameters is less, make originally hide Info disguised strong and extract and is easy to realize.
In the method for information shadow Tibetan, be binary data stream if treat the binary data stream that hiding data forms through cryptographic calculation, that is to say waits to hide Info has passed through encryption, in the so corresponding extracting method, finish the 4th the step finish after, should be decrypted computing to the binary data stream that hiding data forms for the treatment of that extracts, according to the ordering of binary numeral in the position password recovery hiding data data stream, the final acquisition hides Info.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is hiding data sieve of the present invention district and hiding data memory block synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the bianry image synoptic diagram that stores hiding data.
Fig. 3 is a cryptographic algorithm synoptic diagram for the treatment of hiding data.
Embodiment
Present embodiment is an example with false colored synthetic 11 remote sensing images of 3 multibands, and the method for utilizing remote sensing image to carry out hiding mass information to the present invention is described, and it may further comprise the steps:
The first step, set and to treat that binary numeral in the hiding data byte deposits the position preface of hiding data memory block in, this preface is referred to as the position password, adopt one 8 bit position password in this example: 85213647, being stored in the remote sensing image by 85213647 precedence prefaces of binary numeral in each byte of hidden file treated in its expression;
Second step, read as the remote sensing image data (11 remote sensing images of 3 wave bands) of hiding carrier, with the byte low side 5 (pre-determined bit) of each pixel pixel value of described remote sensing image as treating the hiding data bank bit;
If each remote sensing images all is converted into and the some one to one width of cloth bianry images of remote sensing image picture element gray-scale value, 11 remote sensing images of 3 wave bands then are converted into 33 secondary bianry images (each wave band is converted into 11 pairs) in this example so, the first step of data-hiding method of the present invention just be equivalent to this 33 secondary bianry image choose with respectively at corresponding totally 15 sub-pictures in each wave band low side position, storage is hidden and is stored in this 15 sub-picture, but be not all deposit datas of all cell, this innovative point of the present invention just;
The 3rd step, get one (this routine capture unit pixel value high position the 1st) as hiding data sieve position with the local official at the hiding data bank bit of remote sensing image picture element pixel value, the hiding data sieve position of each pixel pixel value of remote sensing image constitutes a secondary bianry image, 0 district of the hiding data sieve position of each pixel of remote sensing image is as hiding data sieve district, can certainly distinguish as the hiding data sieve in 1 district, the selection in zone can artificially be set;
The 4th step, with the zone for the treatment of the corresponding described hiding data sieve of hiding data bank bit district of each pixel pixel value of described remote sensing image as the hiding data memory block;
As shown in Figure 1, the grid network of top is expressed as the hiding data sieve position of extracting all pixels of remote sensing images and a pair and this corresponding bianry image in hiding data sieve position that constitutes, and 0 area definition is hiding data sieve district in this bianry image (grid network).The grid network of below is by a certain bianry image for the treatment of that the hiding data bank bit constitutes among the figure.(corresponding with 0 district of hiding data sieve position) is the hiding data memory block in the zone of downward arrow points among the figure.The present embodiment part is carried out the description of visual pattern with the form of bianry image to data-hiding method of the present invention, easy to understand, and in the operating process of present embodiment, remote sensing image is not converted into bianry image and handles.
The 5th goes on foot, will treat that the order of the binary data stream opsition dependent password that hiding data forms deposits in the described hiding data memory block;
The 6th step, adopt the Run-Length Coding compression algorithm to carry out lossless compress to the remote sensing image after hiding Info.
Present embodiment is that example is described with the remote sensing image of false colored synthetic 11 remote sensing images of 3 multibands in only, its core concept is to have set up " sieve district ", and with data storage in each storage area corresponding with this sieve district, increase the disguise of data hidden like this, hiding data the time still keep the profile of some original images, be difficult for being found.Carry hiding data in the image even be found, do not know that the selection of sieving the district still can't extract hiding data.The sieve district introduces the sieve conversion that has realized the band hiding data, is equivalent to data have been carried out once encrypting, and the method that visible the present invention utilizes remote sensing image to carry out hiding mass information also has certain confidentiality on good disguised basis.
Among the present invention, the selection for the treatment of the hiding data bank bit has certain dirigibility, this example has been selected 5 storages that hide Info behind three wave bands, wave band can be selected arbitrarily, for a concrete wave band, treat the quantity of hiding data bank bit even can be provided with at the particular location of pixel gray-scale value low level.In the pixel gray-scale value, the position is more little by its contribution to image of back more, and general recommendations some that afterbody is continuous are as treating the hiding data bank bit, and are more little to the destruction of image information like this, almost can ignore.The selection of hiding data sieve position also has dirigibility, such as each wave band hiding data sieve position is set all and forms hiding data sieve district, the hiding data memory block of same wave band is corresponding with the hiding data of current wave band sieve district, three band images just have three sieve districts so, each corresponding wave band in sieve district; Only choose one of them hiding data sieve position for another example in three wave bands, corresponding three wave bands in hiding data sieve district that form so treat the hiding data bank bit.
If treat that 0/1 distribution has certain rules, often causes the destruction (having several tangible bands among Fig. 2) of characteristics of image in the binary data of hiding data formation, data hidden is easy to be found.Because the destruction that the feature of file to be encrypted itself causes characteristics of image, the present invention treats the binary data stream of hiding data formation and encrypts in order to prevent this class.As shown in Figure 3, present embodiment utilizes a two-value random number sequence, enciphered data is carried out " adding " computing (also can be " subtracting " computing), obtain the data stream of a conversion, this moment, the feature of user encryption data was eliminated, and resulting new sequence is the random data sequence that is composited by enciphered data and random data.Data stream behind the enciphering transformation has been upset 0/1 of legacy data regularity and has been distributed, and more similarly is noise from image, has certain randomness, further improve disguise, and encrypted hiding data has more confidentiality.At present, the cryptographic algorithm of binary data stream is comparatively common, selects the scale-of-two random number sequence for use such as key, and key length can artificially be specified, and as 1000 random number key, also can be the pixel number of entire image.
It is a kind of based on the above-mentioned described remote sensing image that utilizes remote sensing image to carry out the method for the hiding mass information extracting method that hides Info that present embodiment also provides, and may further comprise the steps:
The first step, employing run length encoding method decompress and take close image;
Second step, the default hiding data sieve position (high-end the 1st of a remote sensing image picture element pixel value) of basis obtain the hiding data sieve and distinguish, described hiding data sieve district (also can be 1 district for 0 district of the hiding data sieve position of each pixel of remote sensing image, need be corresponding) with setting up of sieve district in the data-hiding method, this step is similar with second step of information concealing method, directly reference;
In the 3rd step, predetermined (behind the remote sensing image picture element pixel value low side 5) of each pixel of remote sensing image treats that the hiding data bank bit zone corresponding with hiding data sieve district is the hiding data memory block, and the 3rd of this step and information concealing method goes on foot similar, directly reference;
In the 4th step, the order of opsition dependent password is extracted the binary data stream for the treatment of that hiding data forms from the hiding data memory block.
If in the data-hiding method, the band hiding data is encrypted, so in this extracting method, finished for the 4th step after, need carry out corresponding decrypt operation to the binary data stream that hiding data forms for the treatment of that extracts, obtain to hide Info.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. method of utilizing remote sensing image to carry out hiding mass information may further comprise the steps:
The first step, set and to treat that binary numeral in the hiding data byte deposits the position preface of hiding data memory block in, is referred to as the position password with this preface;
Second step, read as the remote sensing image data of hiding carrier, with the byte low side pre-determined bit of each pixel pixel value of described remote sensing image as treating the hiding data bank bit;
The 3rd step, get one as hiding data sieve position with the local official at the hiding data bank bit of remote sensing image picture element pixel value, the hiding data sieve position of each pixel pixel value of remote sensing image constitutes a secondary bianry image, and 0 district of the hiding data sieve position of each pixel of remote sensing image or 1 district are as hiding data sieve district;
The 4th step, with the zone for the treatment of the corresponding described hiding data sieve of hiding data bank bit district of each pixel pixel value of described remote sensing image as the hiding data memory block;
The 5th step, read the binary data stream that hiding data forms, deposit in according to the order of sequence in the described hiding data memory block according to the order of position password;
The 6th step, adopt the Run-Length Coding compression algorithm to carry out lossless compress to the remote sensing image after hiding Info.
2. the method for utilizing remote sensing image to carry out hiding mass information according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described binary data stream for the treatment of that hiding data forms is the binary data stream through cryptographic calculation.
3. the method for utilizing remote sensing image to carry out hiding mass information according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the key of described cryptographic calculation is the scale-of-two random number sequence.
4. one kind based on the described remote sensing image that utilizes remote sensing image to carry out the method for hiding mass information of claim 1 extracting method that hides Info, and may further comprise the steps:
The first step, employing run length encoding method decompress and carry the remote sensing image that hides Info;
Second step, obtain hiding data sieve district according to default hiding data sieve position, described hiding data sieve district is 0 district or 1 district of the hiding data sieve position of each pixel of remote sensing image;
In the 3rd step, what each pixel of remote sensing image was predetermined treats that the hiding data bank bit zone corresponding with hiding data sieve district is the hiding data memory block;
In the 4th step, the order by the predeterminated position password from the hiding data memory block is extracted the binary data stream for the treatment of that hiding data forms.
5. the remote sensing image according to claim 4 extracting method that hides Info is characterized in that: described the 4th step is decrypted computing to the binary data stream that hiding data forms for the treatment of that extracts after finishing, and obtains to hide Info.
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CN104112100B (en) * 2014-06-26 2017-06-16 广州华多网络科技有限公司 Data-hiding method and device based on bitmap
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