CN101889888A - 与手术器械结合使用的可联结夹具 - Google Patents

与手术器械结合使用的可联结夹具 Download PDF

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CN101889888A
CN101889888A CN2010101821572A CN201010182157A CN101889888A CN 101889888 A CN101889888 A CN 101889888A CN 2010101821572 A CN2010101821572 A CN 2010101821572A CN 201010182157 A CN201010182157 A CN 201010182157A CN 101889888 A CN101889888 A CN 101889888A
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迪诺·卡思维基斯
卡特琳·欧·唐奈
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于与手术器械结合使用的可联结夹具。所述可联结夹具包括主体部，第一钳口部件、第二钳口部件以及致动机构。所述主体部限定了纵轴并具有被配置成联结到手术器械的细长部上的联结部件。所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件中的每一个均从所述主体部向远侧延伸。所述致动机构被布置为与所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件中的至少一个机械配合。所述致动机构的致动使所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件中的至少一个相对于另一个钳口部件在接近位置与打开位置之间移动。

Description

与手术器械结合使用的可联结夹具
技术领域
总的来说，本发明涉及以手术的方式连接组织的器械，具体而言，本发明涉及与用于连接和/或切割组织的手术器械结合使用的用于抓取和/或夹紧组织的附件。
背景技术
现有技术中公知的是用于以手术的方式连接组织的不同类型的手术器械，这些手术器械通常比如在切断、切除、吻合中用来闭合组织或器官，在胸腹操作中用来闭合(occlusion)器官，以及用于以电手术的方式融合或密封组织。
这种手术器械的一个例子是手术吻合器械，手术吻合器械可以包括砧座组件、用于支撑一排手术吻合钉的钉仓组件、用于使所述钉仓组件和砧座组件接近的接近机构以及用于使手术吻合钉从所述钉仓组件中弹射出的发射机构。
外科医生通常采用手术吻合器械来使砧座部件与钉仓部件接近。接着，外科医生可以启动所述器械以将吻合钉置入组织中。另外，外科医生可以采用同一器械或者独立的器械来切割邻近吻合钉排或处于吻合钉排之间的组织。
本公开的手术器械的其它例子包括电手术(例如，单极与双极的)镊。通过加热组织及血管从而凝结、烧灼和/或密封组织，电手术镊利用机械夹紧作用和电能两种手段来实现止血。
在某些操作中，一些外科医生在对组织进行切割与吻合(或者连接)之前要对器官的内部进行清洗。可以采用夹具来限定要进行清洗的区域。
发明内容
本公开涉及一种用于与手术器械结合使用的可联结夹具。所述可联结夹具包括主体部、第一钳口部件、第二钳口部件以及致动机构。所述主体部限定了纵向轴并具有被配置成联结到手术器械的细长部上的联结部件。第一钳口部件和第二钳口部件的每一个均从所述主体部向远侧延伸。所述致动机构被布置为与所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件中的至少一个机械配合。致动机构的致动将所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件中的至少一个相对于另一个钳口部件在接近位置与打开位置之间移动。
在一些实施例中，所述可联结夹具具有这样的联结部件：该联结部件被配置成以能够移除的方式联结到所述主体部上并且以能够移除的方式联结到所述手术器械的细长部上。
在一些实施例中，所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件在形状和定向上可以与所述手术器械的钳口相一致。
所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件中的每一个均可以相对于所述纵轴弯曲并包括凹入侧和凸起侧。所述手术器械的钳口可以弯曲并可以具有凸起侧和凹入侧。在一些实施例中，所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件的凸起侧邻近所述手术器械的钳口布置，而在另一些实施例中，所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件的凹入侧邻近所述手术器械的钳口布置。
所述致动机构可以包括第一凸轮板，所述第一凸轮板被布置为与所述第一钳口部件机械配合，并被布置为与杆机械配合。所述杆的平移(translation)使得所述第一钳口部件向上移动。所述杆沿着第一方向的平移使得所述第一钳口部件朝着所述打开位置向上移动。理想地，所述杆朝着这样的位置偏置：使所述第一钳口部件趋于朝着所述接近位置移动。
在一些实施例中，所述致动机构进一步包括第二凸轮板，所述第二凸轮板被布置为与所述第二钳口部件机械配合，并被布置为与所述杆机械配合。所述杆的平移使得所述第二钳口部件向下移动。所述杆沿着第一方向的平移使得所述第二钳口部件朝着所述打开位置向下移动。
在一些实施例中，所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件在所述钳口部件处于所述打开位置与所述接近位置处时基本上彼此平行。所述第一钳口部件可以相对于所述主体部固定。
所述致动机构可包括旋钮和滑动部件，其中所述旋钮的旋转使得所述第二钳口部件朝着所述第一钳口部件枢转。所述旋钮可以包括多个齿状物，所述齿状物被配置成接合所述滑动部件上的多个齿状物。
在另一方案中，本公开还涉及一种以手术的方式连接组织的方法。所述方法包括准备手术器械的步骤，所述手术器械包括手柄部、内窥镜部以及一对钳口部件。所述内窥镜部从所述手柄部向远侧延伸。所述一对钳口部件邻近所述内窥镜部的远端布置。至少一个钳口部件能够相对于另一个钳口部件在打开位置与接近位置之间移动，以便接合其间的体组织。所述方法还包括准备可联结夹具的步骤，所述可联结夹具被配置成联结到所述手术器械上。所述可联结夹具包括主体部，第一钳口部件、第二钳口部件以及致动机构。所述主体部限定了纵轴。所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件从所述主体部向远侧延伸。所述致动机构被布置为与所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件中的至少一个机械配合。所述可联结夹具的至少一个钳口部件能够相对于所述手术器械的钳口部件而独立地移动。所述方法还包括下列步骤：使所述可联结夹具的至少一个钳口部件从打开位置朝着接近位置移动以便接合体组织，使所述手术器械的至少一个钳口部件相对于另一个钳口部件从打开位置朝着接近位置移动以便接合体组织，以及致动所述手术器械的钳口部件以便连接组织。
在本公开的另一方案中，用于与手术器械结合使用的可联结夹具包括：主体部，其限定了纵轴，并具有被配置成联结到手术器械上的联结部件；第一钳口部件，其从所述主体部向远侧延伸；以及第二钳口部件，其从所述主体部向远侧延伸。所述可联结夹具进一步包括致动机构，所述致动机构被布置为与所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件中的至少一个机械配合，其中，所述致动机构的致动使所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件中的至少一个相对于另一个钳口部件在接近位置与打开位置之间移动，所述接近位置用于夹紧组织。所述致动机构将所述钳口部件保持在所述接近位置处，且具有可被使用者抓取用来释放所述致动机构的致动器。
在一些实施例中，所述可联结夹具具有联结部件，所述联结部件被配置成以能够移除的方式联结到所述手术器械的细长部上。理想地，所述可联结夹具的第一钳口部件和第二钳口部件在形状和定向上与所述手术器械的钳口相一致。
所述致动机构可包括第一凸轮板，所述第一凸轮板被布置为与所述第一钳口部件机械配合，并被布置为与杆机械配合，其中，所述杆的平移使得所述第一钳口部件朝着所述打开位置向上移动。理想地，所述致动机构使所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件朝着所述接近位置偏置。
在一些实施例中，所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件在所述钳口部件处在所述打开位置与所述接近位置处时基本上彼此平行。所述第一钳口部件可以相对于所述主体部固定。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述致动机构包括具有齿状物的滑动部件。所述致动机构可包括锁定部件，所述锁定部件接合所述滑动部件的齿状物。所述齿状物被配置成允许所述滑动部件相对于所述锁定部件沿着第一方向滑动，并被配置成接合所述锁定部件以使所述滑动部件沿着第二方向移动。
在一些实施例中，所述致动机构包括止动器(detent)，所述止动器被配置成允许所述滑动部件相对于所述止动器沿着第一方向滑动，并被配置成接合所述滑动部件以使所述滑动部件沿着第二方向移动。
附图说明
在此参照附图公开了本公开的手术器械的不同实施例，其中：
图1A是包括根据本公开的可联结夹具的线性手术吻合器械的立体图；
图1B是具有弯曲钳口部件并包括根据本公开的可联结夹具的手术吻合器械的立体图；
图1C是包括根据本公开的可联结夹具的血管密封器械的立体图；
图2至图4是根据本公开的一个实施例的附件的立体图，示出了在与图1A和图1B的手术器械结合使用时的操作的不同阶段；
图5是根据图2至图4所示的实施例的附件的分解图，图示了用于与夹具结合使用的闭合机构；
图6是根据本公开的另一实施例的附件的立体图，图示了用于与夹具结合使用的闭合机构；
图7是图6的附件的立体图；
图8是图6至图7的附件的仰视图；
图9是图5至图8的附件的另一立体图；以及
图10是根据本公开的一个实施例的致动机构的侧视图。
具体实施方式
参照附图，详细描述用于与手术器械结合使用的本公开的夹具的实施例，在附图中，多个视图中的每一视图中的相应元件用相似的附图标记标识。在下面的说明中，术语“近侧”是指所述夹具的较靠近临床医生的端部或部分，而术语“远侧”是指夹具的较远离临床医生的端部或部分。
首先参考图1A至图1C，根据本公开示出了不同的手术器械。更特别地，图1A公开了线性手术吻合器械10a，图1B公开了具有弯曲钳口23b的手术吻合器械10b，图1C公开了血管密封器械10c。如本文所论述的，手术器械10a-10c统一用附图标记10指代。
参考图1A，线性手术吻合装置10a包括位于近端附近的手柄组件12a、位于远端附近的末端执行器16a以及位于这两者之间的细长部18a。末端执行器16a可定位于体腔内以便接合手术部位处的组织，而手柄组件12a能够由外科医生从体腔的外部操纵以控制末端执行器16a的运动和操作。细长部18a限定了纵轴“A-A”。
末端执行器16a包括容纳布置成直排的多个吻合钉的钉仓组件以及用于形成吻合钉的砧座组件。钉仓组件和砧座组件中的至少一个能够相对于另一个在打开位置和接近位置之间移动，在所述打开位置处，钉仓组件基本上与砧座组件间隔开，而在接近位置处，钉仓组件与砧座组件彼此靠近。手柄组件12a的可枢转扳机24a能够通过一次致动击发(或多次击发)而相对于固定的抓握部件28a移动，从而使钉仓组件相对于砧座组件在打开位置与接近位置之间移动并使所述吻合钉从钉仓组件中弹射出。在米利曼(Milliman)等人共有的专利号为6,953,139的美国专利中详细地描述了线性手术吻合器械的进一步的细节，所述专利的全部内容通过引用合并于此。所述钉仓组件可包括可替换的钉仓体，该钉仓体容纳吻合钉以及吻合钉推进器。可选地，末端执行器16a可形成独立的、可替换的装载单元的一部分，所述装载单元能够联结到吻合装置10a的细长部18a上。装载单元包括细长体，该细长体被配置成通过止动器、卡销或类似的联结特征联结到细长部18a上。在装载单元的例子中，末端执行器16a可被能够枢转地联结到所述细长体上，而在采用可替换的钉仓体的吻合装置的例子中，末端执行器16a可被能够枢转地联结到细长部18a上。
参考图1B，示出了具有弯曲钳口23b的手术吻合装置10b。如上文所论述的，手术吻合装置10b和线性手术吻合装置10a共有多个共同的特征，包括手柄组件12b、末端执行器16b以及细长部18b。手术吻合装置10b包括弯曲钳口23b。这就是说，手术吻合装置10b包括具有钉仓组件以及砧座组件(总称为“钳口23b”)的末端执行器16b，所述钉仓组件和砧座组件各自相对于由细长部18b所限定的纵轴B-B弯曲。可以预想到的是，弯曲钳口23b便于执行某些类型的手术操作。所述弯曲钳口被布置为便于在手术操作中使用，所述操作涉及受限地进入目标手术部位。例如，与直线钳口(例如图1A中所示的钳口)相比，弯曲钳口23b例如在低位前切除(“LAR”)的过程中可以有助于进入下骨盆区。另外，弯曲钳口23b的包埋可以允许更清楚地看到手术部位并且还给予外科医生更多的空间，以便用他或她的手来操纵目标组织或钳口23b本身。所述钉仓组件可包括可替换的钉仓体，该钉仓体容纳吻合钉以及吻合钉推进器。可选地，末端执行器16b可形成独立的、可替换的装载单元的一部分，所述装载单元能够联结到吻合装置10b的细长部18b上。所述装载单元包括细长体，该细长体被配置成通过止动器、卡销或类似的联结特征联结到细长部18b上。在装载单元的例子中，末端执行器16b可被能够枢转地联结到所述细长体上，而在采用可替换的钉仓体的吻合装置的例子中，末端执行器16b可被能够枢转地联结到细长部18b上。
现在参考图1C，血管密封器械10c还可以体现本公开的不同方案。血管密封器械10c包括用于连接到电手术能源(未示出)上的连接器组件110c。血管密封器械10c包括位于近端附近的手柄组件12c、位于远端附近的末端执行器16c以及位于这两者之间的细长部18c。末端执行器16c可定位于体腔内以便接合手术部位处的组织，而手柄组件12c能够由外科医生从体腔的外部操纵以控制末端执行器16c的运动和操作。手柄组件12c包括活动手柄24c和扳机25c，活动手柄24c可被操纵以打开和闭合末端执行器16c的钳口，而扳机25c可被操纵以引入电手术电流。专利号为7,083,618的美国专利中描述了血管密封器械的进一步的细节，所述专利的全部内容通过引用合并于此。
图1A至图1C中示出了作为可联结夹具200的用于抓取和/或夹紧组织的附件。图1A图示了与线性手术吻合器械10a接合的可联结夹具200a。在这一实施例中，夹具200a包括第一直线钳口部件210a以及第二直线钳口部件220a。图1B图示了与具有弯曲钳口的手术吻合器械10b接合的可联结夹具200b。在这一实施例中，夹具200b包括第一弯曲钳口部件210b以及第二弯曲钳口部件220b。图1C图示了与血管密封器械10c接合的可联结夹具200c。在这一实施例中，夹具200c包括第一线性钳口部件210c以及第二线性钳口部件220c。虽然图1A至图1C图示了可联结夹具200的一种类型，但是本文还描述了可联结夹具的其它实施例(以附图标记300和400标识)，并且其每一实施例均被配置成用于与手术器械10结合使用。
返回参考图1B，可联结夹具200b的钳口部件210b、220b的曲率显示为近似等于或相当于手术吻合器械10b的钳口23b的曲率。尽管未明确显示，但可以预想到的是，可联结夹具200b的钳口部件210b、220b的曲率大于或小于手术吻合器械10b的钳口23b的曲率。还可以预想到的是，第一钳口部件210b的曲率不同于第二钳口部件220b的曲率。在图1B中示出的手术吻合器械中，钳口23b具有凹入侧290以及凸起侧291。另外，可联结夹具200b的钳口部件210b、220b被示为具有凹入侧211以及凸起侧212。但是，钳口23b和/或钳口部件210b、220b可以采用其它弯曲的形状。
现在参考图2至图5，图示了根据本公开的一个实施例的可联结夹具的不同细节。在这一实施例中，可联结夹具一般以附图标记300标识。可联结夹具300包括从细长体部330向远侧延伸的第一钳口部件310与第二钳口部件320。细长体部330显示为包括第一体半部332以及第二体半部334(在图4中略去了第一体半部332)。在第一体半部332和第二体半部334中的每一个上均布置有多个孔口336，这些孔口可被用于(例如，与诸如螺钉、铆钉、卡扣式连接件、超声波焊接件等合适的紧固件相结合)便于将每一体半部332、334相互联结并且联结到框架340上。
参考图5中示出的装配图，可联结夹具300还包括致动机构335，该致动机构包括框架340、第一凸轮板350、第二凸轮板360、下臂370、上臂380以及杆390。下臂370具有第一钳口部件310，该第一钳口部件可联结到所述下臂上或者与所述下臂整体地形成。理想地，第一钳口部件310包括组织接触面310a。上臂380具有第二钳口部件320，该第二钳口部件可联结到所述上臂上或者与所述上臂整体地形成。所述第二钳口部件包括组织接触面320a。框架340布置在第一体半部332与第二体半部334之间并相对于所述第一体半部和所述第二体半部相对固定，并且其包括垂直布置并贯穿所述第一体半部和所述第二体半部的槽342(示出了两个槽)。槽342的至少一部分被配置成与对应的在第一凸轮板350中倾斜布置的槽352以及在第二凸轮板360中倾斜布置的槽362的至少一部分基本对准。另外，槽342的至少一部分被配置成与下臂370和上臂380中相应的孔口372、382基本对准。如在下文中更加详细论述的，多个销395用于分别通过槽352、342以及孔口372将第一凸轮板350相对于框架340和下臂370以能够移动的方式紧固。另外，多个销395(相同的销或另外的一组销)用于分别通过槽362、342以及孔口382将第二凸轮板360相对于框架340和上臂380以能够移动的方式紧固。
第一凸轮板350包括邻近其近侧部布置的孔口354，第二凸轮板360包括邻近其近侧部布置的孔口364。另外，杆390包括邻近其远侧部布置的一对孔口392。销394延伸通过孔口354、392以及364以将杆390紧固到凸轮板350、360上。
继续参考图5，框架340包括与其机械配合地布置的簧塞344。簧塞344被配置成接合偏置部件346(例如螺旋弹簧)的远侧部。偏置部件346的近侧部被配置成接合杆390的远侧部。相应地，偏置部件346被配置成使杆390相对于框架340向近侧偏置。
在使用中，为操作可联结夹具300，使用者克服偏置部件346的偏置向远侧推动杆390的旋钮396，以使钳口部件310和320朝着打开位置移动。更特别地，由于杆390被用销连接在第一凸轮板350与第二凸轮板360上，因此杆390的远侧运动使得凸轮板350和360向远侧平移。首先对于第一钳口部件310，当第一凸轮板350向远侧平移时，下臂370、槽352(其随着向远侧延伸而向上倾斜)以及垂直槽342之间的销连接关系使得下臂370相对于框架340向下移动。这就是说，当第一凸轮板350向远侧移动时，销395相对于槽352向下且向近侧行进。而且，垂直槽342限制下臂370的运动，从而使下臂370相对于框架340仅向下(且不向近侧)移动。
相应地，对于第一钳口部件320，当第二凸轮板360向远侧平移时，上臂380、槽362(其随着向远侧延伸而向下倾斜)以及垂直槽342之间的销连接关系使得上臂380相对于框架340向上移动。这就是说，当第二凸轮板360向远侧移动时，销395相对于槽362向上且向近侧行进。而且，垂直槽342限制上臂380的运动，从而使上臂380相对于框架340仅向上(且不向近侧)移动。
参考图2至图5并且参考上文的论述能够意识到，旋钮396的近侧运动(也就是说，沿着由偏置部件346的偏置所提供的方向)使得第一凸轮板350与第二凸轮板360向近侧移动。第一凸轮板350的近侧运动使得下臂370相对于框架340向上移动。第二凸轮板360的近侧运动使得上臂380相对于框架340向下移动。因此，钳口部件310、320在基本上平行的第一接近位置(图2)与基本上平行的第二打开位置(图3)之间移动。另外，如上所述，可联结夹具300的钳口部件310、320朝着它们的接近位置偏置。能够意识到，可以选择特定(例如具有特定弹簧常数)的偏置部件346以提供理想的闭合力。
还可以预想到的是，可联结夹具300包括以能够松开的方式将钳口部件310、320锁定在打开位置处的结构。在这样的实施例中，杆390的近侧部390a能够相对于杆390的远侧部390b平移。另外，近侧部390a通过偏置部件390c(例如，螺旋弹簧)相对于远侧部390b向近侧偏置。参见图5。近侧部390a包括销391，该销被配置成跨在基本上呈“L”形的槽391a上，槽391a布置在第一体半部332(如图5所示)或第二体半部334中。当销391相对于槽391a向远侧充分平移(也就是说，销391沿着槽391a的第一支腿移动)后，近侧部390a能够围绕纵轴“A-A”旋转，从而使销391沿着槽391a的第二支腿移动，从而防止近侧部390a相对于远侧部390b向近侧平移，这以能够松开的方式将钳口部件310、320锁定在打开位置处。
尽管未明确图示，但是可以预想到的是，第一钳口部件310和第二钳口部件320中的一个相对于框架340固定。在这样的实施例中，下臂370或上臂380将相对于框架340固定。这就是说，第一凸轮板350或第二凸轮板360可以从设计中略去，或者可被配置成不包括槽352或362。进一步地，槽352或362的定向可以被配置成限制或者调节第一凸轮板350与下臂370之间或者第二凸轮板360与上臂380之间的相对运动。另外，尽管下臂370与上臂380被图示为相对于纵轴“A-A”弯曲，但是可以预想到的是，下臂370与上臂380相对于纵轴“A-A”共线，例如以便与具有直线钳口部件的手术器械(例如，图1A的线性手术吻合器械10a或者图1C的血管密封器械10c)结合使用。
可以预期的是，可以调节可联结夹具300的所述第一钳口部件与第二钳口部件的曲率，从而使所述可联结夹具布置在手术装置10b(参见图1B)的钳口23b的凹入侧290或者钳口23b的凸起侧291上。
参考图6至图9，示出了用于抓取和/或夹紧组织的附件的另一实施例，该附件被示为可联结夹具400。可联结夹具400包括第一钳口部件410、第二钳口部件420和致动机构425，致动机构425包括主体部430、滑动部件440以及旋钮450。在这一实施例中，第一钳口部件410和主体部430相对于彼此固定(并且当联结到手术器械10的细长部18时相对于该细长部固定)，并且彼此可一体形成。第二钳口部件420通过枢销460(图6与图7)以能够枢转的方式相对于第一钳口部件410与主体部430布置。如下文更加详细论述的，枢销460还延伸通过枢转突起(pivot tab)470。第一钳口部件410具有组织接触面410a，组织接触面410a面向第二钳口部件420上的组织接触面420a。
枢转突起470邻近滑动部件440的远侧部且邻近第二钳口部件420的近侧部布置(图6与图7)。另外，枢转突起470被固定在第二钳口部件420上。可以预想到的是，枢转突起470通过偏置部件472(例如，螺旋弹簧或扭转弹簧)而被偏置，从而第二钳口部件420被朝向其打开位置推动(图7)。
滑动部件440包括槽442，槽442位于滑动部件440中以容纳主体部430的销432(参见图9)，从而滑动部件440能够相对于主体部430纵向平移。尤其参考图9，滑动部件440的近侧部包括多个齿状物444，所述齿状物位于滑动部件440的近侧部上并且被配置成接合旋钮450的多个齿状物452。
在使用中，为操作可联结夹具400，使用者旋转旋钮450，以便以能够枢转的方式使第二钳口部件420在其打开(图7)位置与接近(图6)位置之间移动。更特别地，具体参考图9，旋钮450沿着箭头“A”的方向的旋转使得第二钳口部件420朝着其接近位置移动。旋钮450沿着箭头“B”的方向的旋转使得第二钳口部件420朝着其打开位置移动。具体地，在旋钮450沿着箭头“A”的方向旋转时，旋钮450的齿状物452与滑动部件440的齿状物444之间的相互作用使得滑动部件440向远侧平移，从而使滑动部件440的远侧面446(图6)接合第二钳口部件420的接近面422(图7)，因而使得第二钳口部件420克服偏置部件472的偏置而朝第一钳口部件410枢转。相应地，当旋钮450沿着箭头“B”的方向旋转时，旋钮450的齿状物452与滑动部件440的齿状物444之间的相互作用使得滑动部件440向近侧平移，因而使得第二钳口部件420远离第一钳口部件410枢转。这就是说，滑动部件440的远侧面446向近侧移动通过第二钳口部件420的接近面422，因而允许偏置部件472使第二钳口部件420返回至其打开位置。
参考图10，示出了与本公开的附件结合使用的致动机构的另一实施例，该致动机构以附图标记480标识。致动机构480包括凸轮杆482，所述凸轮杆围绕枢销486以能够枢转的方式与所述可联结夹具的主体部484接合，并围绕枢销490以能够枢转的方式与所述可联结夹具的滑动部件488接合。可以预想到的是，主体部484与可联结夹具的第一钳口部件机械地接合，而且，滑动部件488与可联结夹具的第二钳口部件机械地接合。
致动机构的一些实施例包括用于将所述钳口部件保持在所述接近位置处且具有可被使用者抓取用来释放所述致动机构的致动器的锁定机构。例如，在图10中示出了具有棘齿机构492的致动机构。棘齿机构492包括布置在主体部484上的多个齿状物494以及布置在滑动部件488上的多个齿状物496，棘齿机构492被配置成允许滑动部件488相对于主体部484以受控且步进的方式向远侧推进。更特别地，齿状物494包括倾斜壁494a与扁平部(flat)或锁定部件494b，而齿状物496包括倾斜壁496a与扁平部496b。能够意识到，倾斜壁494a、496a与扁平部494b、496b之间的相互作用允许向远侧方向的运动，而防止向近侧方向的运动。这就是说，扁平部494b、496b在限制由被压缩的组织所施加的近侧力的同时将滑动部件488保持在所希望的纵向位置处。
在使用中，当凸轮杆482沿着箭头“C”的方向被推动时，凸轮杆482围绕枢销486旋转。例如，销490将凸轮杆482连接到滑动部件488上，从而凸轮杆482沿着箭头“C”的方向的旋转使滑动部件488向远侧平移以便夹紧组织。另外，凸轮杆482沿着箭头“D”的方向的运动使得滑动部件488相对于主体部484向近侧移动，这使得所述第二钳口部件朝着其打开位置移动。而且，凸轮杆482沿着箭头“D”的方向的运动使得滑动部件488向上抬起，因此与齿状物494、496分离并使得滑动部件488能够相对于主体部484向近侧平移。
包括锁定机构的致动机构的另一实施例包括弹簧加载且成形(shaped)的凹陷，该凹陷代替了前面述及的滑动部件488以及主体部484上的齿状物。弹簧加载的止动器安装在滑动部件488与主体部484中的一个上，而凹陷设置在滑动部件488与主体部484中的另一个上。所述凹陷被成形为使得滑动部件488克服所述止动器沿远侧方向滑动，但是需要使凸轮杆482沿近侧方向运动以使所述止动器与所述凹陷分离并使滑动部件488沿近侧方向移动。
致动机构的实施例包括锁定机构，该锁定机构用于将所述钳口部件保持在所述接近位置处，并且具有如前所述的可被使用者抓取用来释放所述致动机构的致动器，所述致动机构可与具有如图1至图9所示成形与定向的钳口部件的可联结夹具结合使用。
在所图示的每个实施例中，每一可联结夹具200、300、400均被配置成以能够移除的方式接合手术器械10。更特别地，可联结夹具200可包括一个或多个联结部件，例如一系列突起500，所述突起被配置成夹在或滑行在手术器械10的细长部118(和/或被配置成用于与手术器械10结合使用的装载单元的一部分)上。另外，可以预想到的是，突起500能够被移除和/或能够被重新定向(例如通过螺钉等)以便将突起500放置到例如可联结夹具200、300、400的相反的侧边上。还可以预想到的是，每个可联结夹具200、300、400能够通过其它合适的装置例如螺钉而联结到手术器械10上。
当可联结夹具200、300、400与手术器械10结合使用来压缩组织时，可以预想到的是，使用者可以将可联结夹具200、300、400的钳口部件210和220、310、320或者410和420分别定位在组织周围且邻近所述组织将被连接的位置处。在所述组织被夹紧之后并且在连接组织之前，临床医生可实施清洗。还可以预想到的是，当所述可联结夹具的钳口部件处于接近位置处时，使用者可操纵(例如略微移动)手术器械10的钳口23。
本公开还涉及一种在手术操作期间使用可联结夹具200、300、400的方法。该方法包括：准备手术器械10；将可联结夹具联结到所述手术器械上，所述可联结夹具被配置用于联结到手术器械10上；将手术器械10的钳口部件邻近于组织定位；使所述可联结夹具的至少一个钳口部件从打开位置朝着接近位置移动以便接合体组织；使所述手术器械的至少一个钳口部件相对于另一个钳口部件从打开位置朝着接近位置移动以便接合体组织；以及致动所述手术器械的钳口部件以便连接组织。在使所述手术器械的至少一个钳口部件相对于另一个钳口部件从打开位置朝着接近位置移动以便接合体组织的步骤与致动所述手术器械的钳口部件以便连接组织的步骤之间，所述方法还可以包括清洁组织的步骤(例如实施清洗)。例如，在结肠组织的切除中，可在夹钳部件夹到所述组织上时清洗直肠。接着，将所述手术吻合器械(或用于连接组织的其它器械)应用到已清洗过的组织部位。
虽然以上描述包含了许多细节，但是这些细节不应解释为对本公开的范围的限制，而仅仅是其各种实施方式的图示。因此，以上描述不应理解为限制，而仅仅是各种实施方式的例证。本领域的技术人员将在本公开的范围或精神内预想到其它改进。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于与手术器械结合使用的可联结夹具，所述可联结夹具包括：
主体部，其限定了纵轴并具有被配置成联结到手术器械的细长部上的联结部件；
第一钳口部件，其从所述主体部向远侧延伸；
第二钳口部件，其从所述主体部向远侧延伸；以及
致动机构，其被布置为与所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件中的至少一个机械配合，其中，所述致动机构的致动使所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件中的至少一个相对于另一个钳口部件在接近位置与打开位置之间移动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述联结部件被配置成以能够移除的方式联结到所述主体部上，并以能够移除的方式联结到所述手术器械的细长部上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件在形状和定向上与所述手术器械的钳口相一致。
4.根据权利要求3所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件中的每一个均相对于所述纵轴弯曲。
5.根据权利要求4所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件中的每一个均包括凹入侧和凸起侧。
6.根据权利要求5所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件的凹入侧被布置为邻近于所述手术器械的钳口。
7.根据权利要求5所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件的凸起侧被布置为邻近于所述手术器械的钳口。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述致动机构包括第一凸轮板，所述第一凸轮板被布置为与所述第一钳口部件机械配合，并被布置为与杆机械配合，其中所述杆的平移使得所述第一钳口部件向上移动。
9.根据权利要求8所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述杆沿着第一方向的平移使得所述第一钳口部件朝着所述打开位置向上移动。
10.根据权利要求9所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述杆朝着这样的位置偏置：使所述第一钳口部件趋于朝着所述接近位置移动。
11.根据权利要求8所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述致动机构进一步包括第二凸轮板，所述第二凸轮板被布置为与所述第二钳口部件机械配合，并被布置为与所述杆机械配合，其中所述杆的平移使得所述第二钳口部件向下移动。
12.根据权利要求11所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述杆沿着第一方向的平移使得所述第二钳口部件朝着所述打开位置向下移动。
13.根据权利要求1所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述第一钳口部件和所述第二钳口部件在所述钳口部件处在所述打开位置和接近位置处时基本上彼此平行。
14.根据权利要求1所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述第一钳口部件相对于所述主体部固定。
15.根据权利要求1所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述致动机构包括旋钮和滑动部件，其中所述旋钮的旋转使得所述第二钳口部件朝着所述第一钳口部件枢转。
16.根据权利要求15所述的可联结夹具，其中，所述旋钮包括多个齿状物，所述齿状物被配置成接合所述滑动部件的多个齿状物。
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AU2010201448A1 (en) 2010-12-02
CN101889888B (zh) 2015-01-21
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ES2424018T3 (es) 2013-09-26
CA2701065A1 (en) 2010-11-18
US20170340322A1 (en) 2017-11-30
EP2430988B1 (en) 2013-07-17
US9023069B2 (en) 2015-05-05
EP2253279B1 (en) 2012-07-11
EP2380504A1 (en) 2011-10-26
US20100292716A1 (en) 2010-11-18
US20130317530A1 (en) 2013-11-28
US10548594B2 (en) 2020-02-04
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EP2253279A1 (en) 2010-11-24
EP2430988A1 (en) 2012-03-21

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