CN101896766B - 用于发光二极管光源的散射器 - Google Patents

用于发光二极管光源的散射器 Download PDF

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CN101896766B
CN101896766B CN200880120370.1A CN200880120370A CN101896766B CN 101896766 B CN101896766 B CN 101896766B CN 200880120370 A CN200880120370 A CN 200880120370A CN 101896766 B CN101896766 B CN 101896766B
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led
light
packing material
emitting diode
light emitting
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CN101896766A (zh
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卡罗尔·莱恩克
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Switch Bulb Co Inc
SUPERBULBS Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
    • F21V17/04—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages the fastening being onto or by the light source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
    • F21V17/06—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages the fastening being onto or by the lampholder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F21V29/74—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F21V29/74—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades
    • F21V29/76—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades with essentially identical parallel planar fins or blades, e.g. with comb-like cross-section
    • F21V29/763—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades with essentially identical parallel planar fins or blades, e.g. with comb-like cross-section the planes containing the fins or blades having the direction of the light emitting axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
    • G02B5/0242—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of dispersed particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
    • G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Abstract

发光二极管光源，包含至少一个发光二极管；位于所述发光二极管和光源的光发射表面之间的板；以及填充材料，其中所述填充材料位于板的内部，并包括用于通过米氏散射对来自至少一个发光二极管发出的光进行散射的材料。

Description

用于发光二极管光源的散射器
技术领域
本发明涉及从发光二极管光源提供均匀分散的光，以及有效去除发光二极管产生的热。本发明特别涉及在没有实质光损失的情况下均匀分散光源中发光二极管产生的光，从而提供均匀的光照面，并允许以更高功率使用发光二极管。
背景技术
发光二极管包括半导体结，用于发射由于电流通过其中而产生的光。通常，使用蓝光或紫外线发光二极管管芯、并增加塑料涂料从而制成白光发光二极管，其中该涂料含有荧光材料(phosphor)。该荧光材料用于将发光二极管管芯发出的蓝光或紫外线转换为大致接进白光或黑体辐射光的光谱。
初看起来，白色发光二极管似乎可以很好地替代传统光源。在相等的功率下，白色发光二极管比白炽灯发出更多的光，换言之，白色发光二极管使用更少的功率就可以发出同样多的光。而且，白色发光二极管的使用寿命大于白炽灯使用寿命数个数量级，即，白色发光二极管的使用寿命为1万～10万小时而白炽灯的使用寿命为1千～2千小时。同样地，白色发光二极管的最大效率高于日光灯灯管的最大效率，而且白色发光二极管的使用寿命也要长于日光灯灯管。
但是，迄今为止，发光二极管也有很多缺点，这些缺点阻碍发光二极管像传统光源那样被广泛地使用。其中之一是发光二极管为离散光源。发光二极管在其输出的光束内产生强光，但在光束外部却产生弱光。由于光具有干扰特性，所以即使使用多个发光二极管也不能完全解决这个问题。
过去，作为点光源问题的解决方法，发光二极管在其灯壳或灯体加入散射器来散射LED发出的光。另外一种解决方法使发光二极管管壳的表面变得粗糙。这些方法都不能使发光二极管光源的光均匀分布，而且可能降低发光效率。实现近似角度均匀照明的方法还可包括部分吸收处理，这进一步降低了照明效率。
发光二极管的另一缺点是，对给定的光输出，尽管发光二极管实际所需的功率低于白炽灯灯管实际所需的功率，但发光二极管仍然耗费很高的功率才能产生用于照明的足够量的光。发光二极管作为一种半导体器件，其接近于点热源，并且其温度不能超过大约85-150℃的温度范围。因此，发光二极管会产生大量热量的问题。
解决该热问题的一种可能的方案是在发光二极管光上附着使用大型的金属散热器。该散热器从灯泡伸出，散去发光二极管的热量。然而，由于散热器使光源很难适合于理想的形成因素，因此，该解决方案是不可行的散热器。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于开发一种用于发光二极管的散射器，从而有效地解决以上所述主要问题的。本发明提供一种能够附接于发光二极管光源的散射器，该散射器使光均匀地分布于光源的表面，而且光损失很小，本发明还提供用于散热的较大的表面面积。该装置包括：密封板，优选地由塑料形成，例如聚碳酸酯；以及填充材料，优选地由流体、塑料或凝胶形成。其中该流体、塑料或凝胶被设计为或者包括米氏(Mie)散射体的系统或者自身形成为米氏散射系统。此外，该流体、塑料或凝胶还可以设计为包括这样一种材料，该材料能够有效地转移发光二极管光的热量且将其传送至用于转移热量的适合的表面。其中发光二极管是不含荧光材料的蓝光发光二极管或紫外线发光二极管，而且所述板包括至少一种荧光材料。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，密封板具有矩形的横截面。用流体、塑料或凝胶将密封板填充至约70-99％或合适的比例从而用于提供热膨胀的空间。该密封板可以被制作成发光二极管光源组件的组成部分，或者也可以通过使用任何公知的方法将其额外附着于发光二极管光源组件。
根据另外一个实施方式，流体、塑料或凝胶能够以非均匀的空间分布形式分布于密封板。这种实施方式用于产生在一个方向上比另一个方向上强烈的光。
附图说明
所包括的附图提供对本发明进一步的理解，附图并入说明书且组成该说明书的一部分。附图与具体实施方式一起示出本发明的实施方式，解释本发明的原则。
图1是现有技术的发光二极管光源的示意图，该图中示出了输出的光呈方向性的原因。
图2是发自发光二极管的光的横截面图，其中所示出的光具有来自在超-波长(supra-wavelength)粒子的米氏散射。
图3是发光二极管光源的横截面图，示出安装在发光二极管光源前侧的散射器。
图4是发光二极管光源的横截面图，示出非均匀的空间分布状态下的散射器。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的优选实施方式，附图示出本发明优选实施方式的示例。附图和具体实施方式中相同或类似的部件使用相同的附图标记。
根据设计特征，下面详细描述目前实践和优选实施方式。
图1是现有技术的发光二极管光源10的示意图，该图中示出了光输出呈方向性的原因以及用于转移热量的结构。如图1所示，发光二极管20安装在电路板30上。因为发光二极管为点光源，所以从发光二极管光源发出的光集中成光束。电路板30为发光二极管20提供电气互连，并还可提供电绝缘。电线50来自电路板，用于从电源(图中未示出)向发光二极管供电。电路板30安装于由热阻率低的材料制成的散热器40，其目的在于：为发光二极管20所产生的热提供通往周边环境的低热阻率路径。如图所示，散热器40包括散热片42，其中散热片42突出于散热器40，但也可采用任何形状的散热器。
图2是来自发光二极管的光的横截面图，其中示出的光具有来自多个超-波长粒子70的米氏散射、以及根据另一实施方式的每个波长80的相等散射。通常，入射光60包括多个波长组分，该多个波长组分包括基于发光二极管中使用的光发射材料的波长62。例如，在一个典型的发光二极管发射光谱中，从发光二极管发出的对应于蓝色的波长62大约为410-450nm。如图2所示，入射光60撞击在分散的一组或多个粒子70上，其中粒子70具有的有效直径90大于从发光二极管发射出来的光的主波长。分散的粒子70的有效直径90优选地是发光光源的主波长62的一到多倍。例如，对于产生蓝光的发光二极管，粒子70的分散集合可以是平均直径大约为1.1微米的氧化铝。应该理解，还可以使用任何具有有效直径90(其中该有效直径大于发射光源或发光二极管的主波长62并产生米氏散射)的合适粒子。还应该理解，粒子不必是球形或甚至不必大致呈球形，可以是诸如碟状或杆状等其他形状的粒子。这就为入射光60的米氏散射创造了条件，其中每个入射波长62分散为出射波长80。因此，传输的光或出射波长80在相对于入射光60的方向上分布，且对光的强度的影响不明显。
图3是发光二极管光源10的横截面图，示出安装于发光二极管灯前端的散射器90。如图3所示，发光二极管20安装于电路板30上，且具有电源线50，其中该电线50来自其电源(图中未示出)。散射器板90位于发光二极管灯前方。散射器板被示为外形适合于发光二极管灯和电路板30，且为发光二极管产生的热量、以及发光二极管转移至电路板的热量的提供低热阻率路径。由散射器板90传导的热量能够通过发射表面92的传导和辐射转移至周边环境。散射器板90也可分散发光二极管20的光，并且在发射表面92上产生大致均匀的光输出。可以理解，散射器板90不需要一定是矩形的横截面，可以使用诸如碟状的其他形状。还应该理解，散射器板90不需要一定具有平面发射表面，可以使用诸如半球状的其他形状。还应该理解，散射器板90不需要一定外形适合于发光二极管20，可以只是位于发光二极管灯的前方。
如图3所示，发光二极管光源10包括至少一个发光二极管、位于至少一个发光二极管20与光源的光发射表面之间的板90，以及位于板90内部的填充材料91。填充材料91用以分散至少一个发光二极管20的光。根据一个实施方式，填充材料91为具有多个粒子的聚(丙烯酰胺)水凝胶，其中多个粒子涂覆有少许无机粒子，例如碳酸钙。
根据另外一个实施方式，发光二极管光源10包括至少一个发光二极管20、位于至少一个发光二极管20和光源10的光发射表面之间的板，以及位于板90内部的填充材料91，该填充材料91用于分散至少一个发光二极管20的光。填充材料91包括小的米氏单元(Mie cell)和第二不同密度组分。根据一个实施方式，填充材料91由烃基油和所述第二不同密度组分组成，所述第二不同密度组分由水和少量的表面活化剂组成。应该理解，填充材料91可由每个对光都透明的组分组成。
图4是发光二极管光源(图中未示出)的横截面图，示出非均匀空间分布状态下的散射器90。如图4所示，散射器90包括两个矩形区域94。区域94中流体、凝胶或塑料填充材料的密度小于散射器90在其他区域96中的密度。低密度填充材料区域94可以由形成于散射器90中的离散箱体形成，或者可以只调整使用材料的密度而形成。低密度填充材料区域94的作用是产生比散射器90在其他区域96的光更加直接和强烈的光。其他区域96产生更加分散且强度较低的光。可以理解，低密度填充材料区域94不需要一定为矩形，可以是诸如圆形或环形的其他形状。也可以理解，填充材料可以具有均匀的密度，而且仅米氏散射随密度变化。
在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的前提下，本领域技术人员还可以对本发明的结构做出若干修改和变更。根据上述可知，本发明覆盖落入以下权利要求范围内的多种修改例和变形例。

Claims (20)

1.一种发光二极管光源，包括：
至少一个发光二极管；
位于所述至少一个发光二极管和所述发光二极管光源的发光表面之间的板；以及
填充材料，设置于所述板的内部，并包括用于通过米氏散射对所述至少一个发光二极管发出的光进行散射的材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述填充材料为流体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述填充材料为凝胶。
4.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述填充材料为塑料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述填充材料具有热传导性。
6.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述填充材料均匀地分布于所述板。
7.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述米氏散射的材料均匀地遍及所述板。
8.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述填充材料非均匀地遍及所述板。
9.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述米氏漫散射的材料非均匀地遍及所述板。
10.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述至少一个发光二极管是不含荧光材料的蓝光发光二极管或紫外线发光二极管，而且所述板包括至少一种荧光材料。
11.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述板被密封。
12.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述板被塑造为外形适合于发光二极管。
13.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述填充材料不完全地填充所述板。
14.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述填充材料为水凝胶。
15.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述填充材料是聚(丙烯酰胺)水凝胶。
16.根据权利要求15所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述聚(丙烯酰胺)包括多个粒子，所述多个粒子涂覆有少量无机粒子。
17.根据权利要求16所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述无机粒子为碳酸钙。
18.根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述填充材料包含小的米氏单元和第二不同密度组分。
19.根据权利要求18所述的发光二极管光源，其中，所述填充材料由烃基油组成，所述第二不同密度组分由水以及少量的表面活性剂组成。
20.根据权利要求19所述的发光二极管光源，其中所述填充材料由每个都对光透明的组分组成。
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