A kind of production method of high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of polyethylene fiber, be specifically related to a kind of quick dissolving ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), to realize the high production capacity production method of high-strength and high-modulus polyethylene fiber.
Background technology
High-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber is to be raw material with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), make through gel spinning, a super times drawing-off, original big molecule of polyethylene that is lack of alignment that twines is mutually twined by dissolving suitably to separate, ultra-drawing reaches the high degree of orientation and degree of crystallinity again, thereby makes fiber have premium properties such as light weight, softness, Gao Mo, UV resistant, shock-resistant, acid and alkali-resistance, seawater corrosion resistance.
1979, Dutch DSM N. V. applied for adopting the frozen glue technology to make the patent of superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers (NL7900990, NL7904990 and corresponding US4344908, special public clear 64-8732, US4422993).The frozen glue technology is meant makes spinning solution with polyethylene and suitable solvent, then spinning solution is cooled to gel state, adopts extraction process with removal of solvents, obtains polyethylene fiber through super-dry, super doubly (30 times~130 a times) hot-stretch again.Because the gel spinning method helps forming the more Shen backbone of high efficiency of transmission tension load, therefore the polyethylene fiber of preparing has very high intensity and modulus, and the impact resistance excellence, uses more extensive.
The key technology of polyethylene gel spinning is that the even super high molecular polyethylene solution that tangles between the big molecule is removed in preparation.If solution is not uniformly, in the whole process of preparation fiber, the quality and the draftability when gel state of nascent strand will be seriously influenced, and the final mechanical property of material also can be subjected to than severe impairment.Yet making polythene uniform solution is a very complicated process, and this is because ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene has very high weight average molecular weight (5 * 10
5More than), adopt in the still formula whipping process at polyethylene solution, the big molecule of polyethylene often accumulate in puddler or other device around, usually said Weissenberg effect (weissenberkg phenomenon) promptly takes place.When Weissenberg effect takes place, be difficult to the uniform spinning solution of preparation.
In order to solve the uniform dissolution of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, people have invented and will adopt the further polyethylene dissolving of double screw extruder to prepare the method for homogeneous solution after the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene swelling.CN1190137C, CN1047414C, JP.86-73743, JP86-143439 all disclose elder generation ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene has been fed the technical scheme that double screw extruder dissolves quantitatively through after the preliminary swelling in solvents.Because the effect of mixing of the brilliance of double screw extruder, improved solute effect greatly, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene solubilized concentration is greatly enhanced, and full-bodied solution has been created condition for foundation, the deaeration of double screw extruder head pressure afterwards again.
Adopt the process of prepared in twin-screw extruder super high molecular weight spinning solution can be divided into two stages: the swelling of polyethylene fiber in solvent and the dissolving in double screw extruder.In the swelling stage, mainly show as solvent and in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, permeate in diffusion the polyethylene volumetric expansion.Swelling is an endothermic process very responsive to temperature, only carries out in very narrow temperature range, and improper causing of swelling can't make uniform spinning solution.If " half-cooked " phenomenon appears in the swelling deficiency, the dissolving of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene will be inhomogeneous; Swelling is too abundant, and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene particle can the group of being gathered into, and hinders the normal evenly feeding of double screw extruder, and suitable swelling becomes the key of preparation homogeneous solution.
If the uneven superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers spinning solution of preparation material, when spinning, can cause nascent strand performance inhomogeneous, the uneven nascent strand of performance is in particular in the coefficient of dispersion (coefficient of variation of the various mechanical properties of fiber through preparing the polyethylene fiber of unstable properties after the extraction-super drawing.The CV value) bigger.More seriously, use uneven ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene spinning solution to carry out the phenomenon that fracture of wire also can take place easily in spinning.
In addition, in dissolution phase, requiring the time of staying of spinning solution in double screw extruder usually is 0.3D minute, and D is a screw diameter.The high more screw diameter of output is big more, and the time of staying requires long more, if will improve output to 300 ton/year, the flow of spinning solution will reach 6.25kg/min, and spinning solution density will reach 0.93kg/L, and the twin-screw diameter is greater than 135MM and just can meets the demands.And adopt screw diameter is the double screw extruder of 135MM, then time of stopping in double screw extruder of spinning solution then is 40.5 minutes, if the time of staying is lower than 40.5 minutes, polyethylene just can not uniform dissolution, and at present the screw diameter of double screw extruder is greater than 135MM, and its draw ratio can only 46, is no more than 52, therefore be subjected to the restriction of equipment, existing double screw extruder can't be realized step dissolving, the purpose that mixes.Therefore also just limited the raising of output.Reach ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene more than 3,000,000 for molecular weight in addition, if the time of staying is oversize in double screw extruder, it is big to add up cut shear, is very easy to cause the degraded of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, thereby has influence on the performance of final fiber.
Therefore, need a kind of method that can prepare uniform superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers spinning solution, with scale produce high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is exactly in order to address the above problem, and overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of high production capacity production method of high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber is provided, to realize the large-scale production of polyethylene fiber.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of production method of high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, comprise swelling dissolving step, filtration step, spray silk step, cryocoagulation step, predraft step, extraction step, drying steps, ultra-drawing step, coiling step, it is characterized in that, described swelling dissolving step carries out in a kneader, and the transparent homogeneous spinning solution that process swelling dissolving step obtains quantitatively feeds spinning solution in the single screw extrusion machine while stirring to be extruded.
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder and white oil are 4-50% according to the white proportion by subtraction of nominal weight concentration in the described swelling dissolving step.
Described swelling dissolving step carries out under nitrogen protection.
Kneader of the present invention is to have the kneader of mediating blade by two of two motor single driving.
Kneader of the present invention changes shear rate by respectively a kneading blade being carried out speed governing separately.
Swelling dissolving step of the present invention is divided into dispersion steps, swelling step and dissolving step successively, wherein dispersion steps, swelling step and used time of dissolving step account for 18~22%, 56~64%, 18~22% of swelling dissolving step total time respectively, the temperature of dispersion steps is controlled at 0 ℃~25 ℃, shear rate≤200 second
-1, the temperature of swelling step is controlled at 90 ℃~120 ℃, shear rate 200 seconds
-1~400 seconds
-1, the temperature of swelling step is controlled at 150 ℃~250 ℃, shear rate 400 seconds
-1~900 seconds
-1
The present invention creatively adopts the semicontinuous swelling of kneader dissolving ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, the swelling course of dissolution to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene disperse, swelling and dissolving.
The present invention is ruptured by shear action for reduce molecular weight of polyethylene as far as possible, or be heated and degrade, temperature one height in dispersion steps, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene surface swelling can be adhered to one another, cause inhomogeneous, therefore adopt lower temperature in dispersion steps, purpose is that polyethylene particle is dispersed in the solvent, does not make its reunion.
In the swelling step, be penetrated between the big molecule in order to make the solvent uniformly penetrating immerse polyethylene particle, small solvent molecule penetrates into people's macromolecule inside, strut strand, increase its volume, form the polymer of swelling, this stage needs uniform temperature, time and higher shear rates to peel off the big molecule that the polyethylene particle surface has been permeated, and solvent is carried out to fine and close crystal region from the loose amorphous region of polyethylene.
Because nonpolar crystalline state polymers such as polyethylene, lattice is destroyed in the time of need being heated near its fusing point, becomes that the micromolecule solvent just can be diffused into the inner and dissolving gradually of polymer after the amorphous state, and therefore dissolving step of the present invention is through two processes, at first be the destruction of crystalline phase, need heat absorption; The be destroyed then polymer of lattice and mixing of solvent makes the segments all on the macromolecular chain can both diffusion motion, forms the homogeneous system that molecule disperses, and finally obtains the spinning solution of transparent homogeneous.
The present invention has fast, the advantage of uniform dissolution ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.It adopts lower processing temperature, prevents the degraded of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene effectively than short process time with than low shear rate, thereby has improved the intensity and the modulus of polyethylene fiber, the coefficient of dispersion (coefficient of variation of the various mechanical properties of fiber.The CV value) lower.Single screw extrusion machine of the present invention only plays to be extruded and depressurization, does not participate in course of dissolution, has exempted dissolving to the solution requirement of the time of staying in screw rod, and the diameter of screw rod can be fixed by the output requirement, is not subjected to the restriction of draw ratio, improves production capacity and becomes possibility.Kneader of the present invention also has automatic cleaning action, can give the single screw extrusion machine continuous feeding continuously simultaneously, has guaranteed the continuous discharging of single screw extrusion machine, thereby has improved production capacity, has realized the production of scale.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that the preparation method is simple, simple to operate, the output height, output is greater than 300 tons/year.
Properties of product:
(1) intensity 〉=32cn/dtex (general 30);
(2) fiber molecule amount degraded≤35% (general 50%);
(3) enlarged-diameter of the visual screw rod of output 〉=300 ton/year, maximum at present production capacity≤200 ton/year;
(4) the dissolving shear time is in 20min.Significantly reduced macromolecules degradation, degradation rate can descend about 15%.
The specific embodiment
In order to make technological means of the present invention, creation characteristic, to reach purpose and effect is easy to understand,, further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
The high production capacity production method of a kind of high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber provided by the present invention, comprise swelling dissolving step, filtration step, spray silk step, cryocoagulation step, predraft step, extraction step, drying steps, ultra-drawing step, coiling step, wherein filtration step, a spray silk step, cryocoagulation step, predraft step, extraction step, drying steps, ultra-drawing step, coiling step are identical with the manufacturing technique of existing polyethylene fiber.Repeat no more in this present invention.
Characteristics of the present invention are exactly at the swelling dissolving step, describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Kneader of the present invention is to have the kneader of mediating blade by two of two motor single driving.Carry out speed governing and change shear rate by separately mediating blade to one respectively.
Embodiment 1
Is 12% to inject respectively and carry out the swelling dissolving in the kneader the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder of relative average molecular mass 4,500,000 and 70# white oil according to nominal weight concentration, at first charges into nitrogen, and the control temperature is 24 ℃, and shear rate is 180 seconds
-1, carry out the dispersion of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder, the time is 4 minutes, temperature is risen to 120 ℃ then, shear rate rises to 350 seconds
-1, carry out swelling, the time is 12 minutes, and end temperature rises to 250 ℃, and shear rate rises to 900 seconds
-1, to dissolve, the time is 4 minutes, obtains transparent homogeneous spinning solution; Quantitatively spinning solution is fed in the single screw extrusion machine while stirring then and extrude, wherein the single screw extrusion machine diameter is 95mm, the inlet temperature of spinning solution feeding single screw extrusion machine is controlled at 120 ℃~200 ℃, middle extrusion temperature is 120 ℃~250 ℃, outlet temperature is 200 ℃~260 ℃, and the single screw extrusion machine rotating speed is 100rpm.The fibre strength that finally obtains reaches 30cN/dtex, and modulus is more than 1000cN/dtex, and annual production can reach 300 tons.
Embodiment 2
Is 10% to inject respectively and carry out the swelling dissolving in the kneader the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder of relative average molecular mass 4,220,000 and 70# white oil according to nominal weight concentration, at first charges into nitrogen, and the control temperature is 22 ℃, and shear rate is 150 seconds
-1, carry out the dispersion of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder, the time is 4 minutes, temperature is risen to 100 ℃ then, shear rate rises to 380 seconds
-1, carry out swelling, the time is 12 minutes, and end temperature rises to 240 ℃, and shear rate rises to 800 seconds
-1, to dissolve, the time is 4 minutes, obtains transparent homogeneous spinning solution; Quantitatively spinning solution is fed in the single screw extrusion machine while stirring then and extrude, wherein the single screw extrusion machine diameter is 75mm, the inlet temperature of spinning solution feeding single screw extrusion machine is controlled at 120 ℃~200 ℃, middle extrusion temperature is 120 ℃~250 ℃, outlet temperature is 200 ℃~260 ℃, and the single screw extrusion machine rotating speed is 90rpm.The fibre strength that obtains reaches 30cN/dtex, and modulus is more than 1000cN/dtex, and annual production can reach more than 150 tons.
Embodiment 3
Is 8% to inject kneader respectively and carry out the swelling dissolving the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder of relative average molecular mass 4,400,000 and 70# white oil according to nominal weight concentration, at first charges into nitrogen, and the control temperature is 20 ℃, and shear rate is 150 seconds
-1, carry out the dispersion of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder, the time is 4 minutes, temperature is risen to 100 ℃ then, shear rate rises to 300 seconds
-1, carry out swelling, the time is 12 minutes, and end temperature rises to 230 ℃, and shear rate rises to 800 seconds
-1, to dissolve, the time is 4 minutes, obtains transparent homogeneous spinning solution; Quantitatively spinning solution is fed in the single screw extrusion machine while stirring then and extrude, wherein the single screw extrusion machine diameter is 85mm, the inlet temperature of spinning solution feeding single screw extrusion machine is controlled at 120 ℃~200 ℃, middle extrusion temperature is 120 ℃~250 ℃, outlet temperature is 200 ℃~260 ℃, and the single screw extrusion machine rotating speed is 150rpm.The fibre strength that finally obtains reaches 30cN/dtex, and modulus is more than 1000cN/dtex, and annual production can reach 300 tons.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in the foregoing description and the specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.