CN102089575B - 具有用于偏轴光分布的tir的透镜 - Google Patents

具有用于偏轴光分布的tir的透镜 Download PDF

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CN102089575B
CN102089575B CN200980127056.0A CN200980127056A CN102089575B CN 102089575 B CN102089575 B CN 102089575B CN 200980127056 A CN200980127056 A CN 200980127056A CN 102089575 B CN102089575 B CN 102089575B
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lens
light
optical transmitting
transmitting set
preferential side
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CN102089575A (zh
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K·S·威尔考克斯
M·A·卡斯蒂罗
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Cree Lighting USA LLC
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Cree Research Inc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/02Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/08Refractors for light sources producing an asymmetric light distribution
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0028Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0047Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
    • G02B19/0061Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a LED
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0091Reflectors for light sources using total internal reflection
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Abstract

一种用于将来自光发射器(49的光相对于发射器轴(44)指向优先侧偏轴方向的透镜(50)。该透镜(50)包括:与发射器相邻的基底端(52),其形成开口(52A);内表面(54),其从所述基底端(52)延伸并形成空洞(54A);输出端表面(57),其被配置用于将光(46)指向所述优先侧(35);以及外横向表面(57),其被配置用于TIR以将光指向所述输出端表面(57),由此基本上全部来自所述发射器的光(49)主要向着所述优先侧(35)离开所述输出端表面(57)。本发明的另一方面是一种利用该创造性的透镜(50)的凹陷式照明器材(10)。

Description

具有用于偏轴光分布的TIR的透镜
技术领域
本发明涉及照明器材,并且更具体地,涉及凹陷式LED照明器材。更具体地,本发明还涉及用于凹陷式照明器材中的期望的LED分布的透镜化领域。
背景技术
近些年来,发光二极管(LED)用于各种公共照明目的的使用增加,并且该趋势已经随着LED和LED阵列承载设备(常称作“LED模块”)的发展而加速。实际上,过去由利用高的强度放电(HID)灯,卤素灯、紧凑型荧光灯以及其他光源的器材所服务的照明应用现在日益增加地开始由LED模块服务。这样的照明应用包括内部照明(诸如用于办公室空间)以及许多其它照明应用。在LED模块开发领域中,以及在将LED模块用于各种应用(包括凹陷式照明器材)中的照明器材的领域中,持续进行着创造性的工作。
通常,凹陷式照明器材就给定的器材能够照明的区域大小而言具有某些限制。凹陷式照明器材典型地被安装到具有开口的天花板、墙壁或某些其它结构中,光通过该开口发射到要照明的区域上。(假定凹陷式照明最典型地用在天花板中,涉及特定建筑结构的讨论将涉及天花板;然而,应当理解任何这样的讲述意图并不是限制性的)。照明行业标准要求:凹陷式照明器材的给定光源要在天花板内凹陷到充分的深度,以使该光源对于以(对于该器材的垂直轴)45°或更大的角度看该器材的观察者来说是隐藏的。符合该标准往往实质性地降低了该器材下面照明的区域的大小,这反过来对于照明特定房间或大的区域来说可能要求更多的器材,或者可能要求具有更大开口的凹陷式器材。这在建筑设计偏好趋向于更少的器材和更小的开口时可能成为问题。
在利用LED作为光源的凹陷式照明器材的开发中已经进行了多种努力。然而,在照明行业中存在对于利用LED的、解决了这些问题以及上述顾虑的改善的凹陷式照明器材的显著的需求。更具体地,非常期望提供这样一种基于LED的凹陷式照明器材,其提供了大面积的照明,同时具有相对小的尺寸以及改善的LED透镜化,以服务于上述目的。
发明目的
本发明的一个目的是提供一种改善的LED透镜化,以克服现有技术某些问题和缺点,包括上面所提及的那些。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种改善的凹陷式照明器材,其具有改善的LED透镜化,从而使得该器材提供基本照明区域的同时,具有相对小的尺寸并且符合照明行业标准。
从下面的描述和附图将清楚地知道这些和其它目的是如何实现的。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于将来自LED光发射器的光指向相对于发射器轴的优先侧偏轴方向以及用于将来自LED光发射器的光指向相对于发射器轴的优先侧偏轴方向的透镜。该优先侧偏轴光分布提供了对光离开凹陷式照明器材的角度的显著加宽,因此提供了更宽区域的照明而没有增大器材尺寸。这种相对于光发射器的偏轴光分布是利用定位在发射器之上的透镜实现的,所述透镜被特别设计用于将主要的光指向优先侧。
该创造性的透镜包括:与发射器相邻的基底端,其形成光接收开口;从所述基底端延伸并形成空洞的内表面;输出端表面,其被配置用于将光指向优先侧;以及外横向表面,其被配置用于TIR(全内部反射),以将光指向所述输出端表面。所述内表面包括:绕发射器轴形成的环绕的横向表面,以及被配置用于将光指向所述优先侧的端表面。所述环绕的横向表面优选是基本圆柱形的表面,并且最优选地,具有截面基本上圆形截面的直圆柱形形状。来自发射器的光主要向着所述优先侧离开所述输出表面。
如在此就离开本发明的透镜的输出端表面的光所使用的术语″主要″而言,其意指所述输出端表面被配置使得到达所述输出端表面的光的绝大部分向所述优先侧离开所述输出端表面。
所述透镜的该表面的配置形成了实现最低限度光损失的高效光输出。本发明的透镜在发射器光的利用方面具有约80-95%的效率。在某些优选的实施例中,仅损失了来自发射器的光的约13%(未被指引用于有用照明)。
术语″直圆柱形形状″意指由基本上平行于发射器轴延伸的直线沿着完整的环形路径(而不管其形状)移动所生成的表面。一种优选的直圆柱形形状由线的基本上圆形路径的移动生成,并且最优选地是与发射器轴同轴的表面。
环绕的横向表面的许多其它配置是可能的,包括(而非限制性的)由不直的线的移动而生成的表面。在某些替代实施例中,所述环绕横向表面可以具有多种环形形状,包括在其延伸的不同位置处具有不同截面结构的形状。所述环绕的横向表面可以是相对于发射器轴成角度的。
在本发明的优选的实施例中,所述端表面优选具有基本上平的部分,其成角度地向着所述优先侧并从接近发射器轴开始转变为在非优先侧上的凸起部分,并且在距所述基底端最远的位置处与所述环绕的横向表面会合。
在优选实施例中,所述外横向表面从所述基底端延伸,在所述优先侧上的距发射器轴的最大距离处终止对所述输出端表面的接近,并且向着非优先侧逐渐减小。所述外横向表面相对于发射器轴具有发散角,所述发散角在所述优先侧上是最大的并且向着所述非优先侧逐渐减小。所述外横向表面可以由基本上直的线形成。在所示出的优选实施例中,所述外横向表面由形成基本上凸起形状的曲线形成。
所述外横向表面的角产生所述外横向表面相对于发射器轴终止的变化的距离。该距离可以限定基本上平行于发射器轴的输出端轴,并且可以从发射器轴向着所述优先侧偏移。所述外表面的角度是在包括所述发射器轴的平面中测量的。本发明的透镜最典型地是双侧对称的。
在本发明的优选实施例中,所述输出端表面是基本上平的。所述发射器相邻的基底端优选是基本上垂直于所述发射器轴的平的表面。所述输出端表面优选是成角度地向着非优先侧,在所述优先侧上的该输出端表面的边缘距所述基底端的平面最远。
优选实施例可以包括绕该外横向表面的向外的法兰。所述向外的法兰优选包括基准标记,其指示在将透镜安装该发射器之上的过程中所述优先侧的取向。
在优选实施例中,使用了本发明的透镜的光发射器是LED封装件,其包括至少一个LED和在所述LED之上的主透镜,使本发明的透镜作为次透镜放置于所述主透镜之上。所述主透镜具有基本上围绕所述发射器轴旋转对称的照明图案,并且在某些实施例中,所述主透镜基本上是半球形的。
本发明的透镜表面的配置将基于该透镜的期望应用以及要发射向所述优先侧的光的期望的比例。在某些实施例中,所述透镜被配置用于将约75%的发射光指向所述优先侧,并将约12%的发射光指向非优先方向。在某些其它实施例中,所述透镜表面可以用于将约55%指向所述优先侧并将45%指向所述非优先侧。例如,所述透镜可以被配置用于产生用于地面照明的圆形覆盖区,或用于产生用于墙壁清洗应用的矩形覆盖区。
如在此就透镜表面所使用的术语″成角度地向着″而言,其是指两个介质(透镜和空气)间的界面的光从其移动离开的光离开侧。更具体地,如果光从空气移动到透镜材料,则所述″成角度地向着″是指所述界面的面向所述透镜材料的一侧。另一方面,如果光从透镜材料移动到空气,则所述″成角度地向着″是指所述界面的空气侧。
如在此就光分布方向所使用的术语″优先侧″而言,其意指如下的横向方向(相对于所述发射器轴),即,期望照明向着该横向方向。如在此就光分布的方向所使用的术语″非优先侧″而言,其意指如下的横向方向,即,不期望照明向着该横向方向。所述非优先侧典型地基本上与所述优先侧径向地相反。
本发明的另一方面是一种利用该创造性的透镜的照明器材。该创造性的照明器材包括:(1)支撑部件,其被配置用于安装到所述结构中,并包括具有限定光开口的边缘的前端部分和从所述开口凹陷的后端部分,所述支撑部件和开口具有中心线;(2)安装板,其设置在所述后端部分处,并与所述支撑部件一起限定延伸到所述开口的开放空间;以及(3)LED装置。所述LED装置包括:(a)LED发射器,其在所述安装板上,用于将光指向所述开口,每一发射器限定一发射器轴;以及(b)每一发射器的透镜,所述发射器中的至少一个在第一横向方向上偏离中心线,并具有与其关联的透镜,该透镜被配置用于使发射器光相对于发射器轴偏离轴向地跨所述开放空间分布,并在以相反的横向方向偏离中心线的边缘部分处通过所述开口。这样的偏轴光分布加宽了该器材的照明角度同时仅有最低限度的光被指向到所述支撑部件上。
术语″LED封装件″是行业中已知的术语。LED封装件的某些示例具有在基底上的一个或多个发光二极管。所述多个二极管可以发射相同波长的光,这生产共同颜色的光。替代地,多个二极管可以发射不同波长并因此不同颜色的光,其可以混合来实现期望颜色的光。本领域技术人员将理解广泛的多种可用LED发射器。
如就支撑部件和开放空间所使用的术语″中心线″而言,其意指指示至少一个横向尺度的中心的线。例如,器材可以具有光开口,所述光开口是仅沿其横向尺度之一对称的。在该示例中,中心线将沿着该对称轴。替代地,支撑部件可以限定具有非对称形状的光开口。在这种情况下,中心线将沿着该形状的近似中心;并且偏离中心线的发射器优选处于距该近似中心最远的可用位置。术语″中心线″绝不是将支撑部件或光开口的结构限制于任何特定形状。
在某些非常优选的实施例中,安装板是基本上平的。在最优选的实施例中,所述安装板具有外围区域,其围绕非外围区域。在该实施例中,具有被配置用于偏离轴的光分布的一个或更多个透镜的一个或更多个发射器位于所述外周区域上,并且至少一个其它发射器位于所述非外周区域上。所述非外周区域上的发射器具有与其相关联的透镜,所述透镜被配置用于来自该发射器的轴向光分布,并使得只有最低限度的光被指向到所述支撑部件上。所述外周区域优选具有与所述开口同心的环形形状。
还应当理解,本发明的某些具有更小的光开口的跨展尺度的实施例可以仅包括如下的发射器,所述发射器具有被配置用于偏离轴的光分布的透镜。
实际上,某些这样的实施例可以仅具有一个这样的发射器,该发射器的透镜使LED光偏轴地分布以实现定向照明。
某些其它的具有小尺寸光开口的实施例具有如三个那么少的发射器,其每一个都具有透镜,所述透镜使其光在径向方向上跨所述光开口的方向上偏轴地分布。因此,具有非常小的最大尺度的光开口的器材可以提供非常宽的光束角度,这允许相对大面积的照明。由于LED本身具有一种极其小的尺寸,因此这样的器材的尺寸可以仅取决于LED透镜化的尺度。根据本发明的提供了宽的光束角度的总体尺寸非常小的器材允许该创造性的照明器材被安装到大量的小型结构(甚至包括诸如手电筒(flashlight)的便携结构)中。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的凹陷式LED照明器材的示意侧视图,其示出了光通过LED透镜在相对于发射器轴的偏轴方向和轴向方向上的分布。
图2是如图1中的凹陷式LED照明器材的另一示意性侧视图,其示出了支撑部件的一部分。
图3是凹陷式LED照明器材的另一示意性侧视图,其示出了LED组件和所述支撑部件的一部分。
图4是如图3中所示的凹陷式LED照明器材的底视图。
图5是通过根据本发明的凹陷式LED照明器材的示意性侧视图,其仅示出通过透镜的偏轴光分布。
图6是凹陷式LED照明器材的另一示意性侧视图,现在仅完全示出了偏轴光分布。
图7是根据本发明的凹陷式LED照明器材的示意性侧视图,其仅示出了通过LED透镜的轴向光分布。
图8是凹陷式LED照明器材的另一示意性侧视图,现在仅完全示出了轴向光分布。
图9是凹陷式LED照明器材的底部透视图。
图10是凹陷式LED照明器材的顶部透视图。
图11是用于优先侧偏轴光分布的透镜的放大侧视图,其示出了该偏轴光分布。
图12是通过图11的透镜的优先侧偏轴光分布的放大侧视图。
图13是图11的透镜的放大透视图。
图14是图11的透镜的放大的透明透视图,其示出了内表面。
图15是沿着图11的透镜的线15-15的高度放大的截面图。
图16是沿着图11的透镜的线16-16的高度放大的截面图。
图17是根据本发明的偏轴光分布的极性坎德拉曲线。
图18是根据本发明的偏轴光分布的等英尺烛光线图。
具体实施方式
图11-18示出了作为本发明的优选实施例的透镜50A。透镜50A用于相对于发射器轴44将来自光发射器49的光指向优先侧偏轴方向。图1-10示出了利用透镜50A的凹陷式照明器材10的优选实施例。
透镜50A包括:与发射器相邻的基底端52,其形成光接收开口52A;内表面54,其从基底端52延伸并形成空洞54A;输出端表面57,被配置用于将光46指向优先侧35;以及外横向表面59,被配置用于TIR以将光46指向输出端表面57。内表面54包括:环绕的横向表面55,其具有绕发射器轴44同心地形成的圆形圆柱形结构;以及端表面56,其被配置用于将光46指向优先侧35。如在图11和12中最佳地看到的,来自发射器42的光46主要向着优先侧35离开输出表面57。
如图15和16中最佳地看到的,端表面56具有基本上平的部分56A,其成角度地向着优先侧35并从接近发射器轴44开始转变为凸起部分56B。如图15中最佳地示出的,凸起部分56B位于非优先侧37上,并且在距基底端52最远的位置56C处会合环绕横向表面55。
图13-15最佳地示出了外横向表面59从基底端52延伸,在优先侧35上距发射器轴44最大的距离59A处终止对输出端表面57接近,并且该距离向着非优先侧37逐渐减小到59B。外横向表面59具有相对于发射器轴44的发散角度,该角度在优先侧35上是最大的(例如,角度58A)并且向着非优先侧逐渐减小(例如,角度58B)。距离59A和59B以及角度58A和58B限定了输出端轴57A,所述输出端轴57A基本上与LED光发射器轴44平行并且从光发射器轴44向优先侧35偏移。
如图15中进一步看到的,输出端表面57基本上是平的。与发射器相邻的基底端52是基本上垂直于发射器轴44的平的表面。输出端表面57成角度地向着非优先侧37,以及输出端表面57在优先侧35上的边缘57B距基底端52的平面最远。
如图11、13-16中看到的,透镜50A包括围绕外横向表面59的向外的法兰53。图14示出了向外的法兰53包括基准标记51,其指示优先侧35的取向,这在将透镜50A安装在与相其关联的发射器42之上的过程中是有帮助的。
图1-10示出了用于安装到面向照明区域14的结构12中的凹陷式照明器材10的优选实施例。照明器材10包括:(1)支撑部件20,其被配置用于安装到结构12中并包括前端部分22,该前端部分22具有限定光开口16的边缘24;以及包括从开口16凹陷的后端部分26,支撑部件20和开口16具有中心线28;(2)安装板18,其设置在后端部分26处,并与支撑部件20一起限定延伸到开口16的开放空间30;以及(3)LED装置40。LED装置40包括:(a)安装板18上的LED发射器42,其用于将光46指向开口16,每一发射器42限定一发射器轴44;以及(b)每一发射器42的透镜50A,所述发射器中的至少一个在第一横向方向32上偏离中心线,并具有与其相关联的透镜50A,透镜50A被配置用于使得来自透镜50A的光跨开放空间30偏轴分布并在相反的横向方向33上在偏离中心线的边缘部分25处通过开口16,由此加宽了器材10的照明角度48,同时使最低限度的光46被指向到支撑部件20上。
尽管图1、2、5-8将透镜50示出为分立的件,其每一个位于与其相关联的发射器42之上,但是应当认识到,在某些利用多个透镜50的照明器材(诸如图1-10中示出的器材)中,可以将透镜50并入到单个形成的部件中,每一透镜以期望的方向取向。
如图2中最佳地示出的,安装板18是基本上平的,并具有外围区域17,其围绕非外围区域19。具有被配置用于偏轴光分布的透镜50A的发射器42位于外围区域17上,并且至少一个其它发射器42位于非外围区域19上。非外围区域19上的发射器42具有与其相关联的透镜50B,其被配置用于从发射器42的轴向光分布,而仅有最少限度的光46被指向到支撑部件20上。外围区域17具有与所述开口同心的环形形状,如在图3、4和9中最佳地看到的。
尽管已经结合具体实施例示出和描述了本发明的原理,但是应当理解,这些实施例仅是示例性的,而不是限制性的。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于将来自光发射器的光相对于光发射器轴指向优先侧偏轴方向的透镜,包括:
与光发射器相邻的基底端,其径向地绕光发射器轴形成开口;
内表面,其从所述开口延伸并限定一空洞,其具有内横向表面,所述内横向表面径向地环绕所述光发射器轴并终止于端表面处,所述端表面与所述基底端相反并从所述优先侧向非优先侧延伸,所述端表面具有基本上平的部分,该部分从所述优先侧延伸到接近所述光发射器轴并且从接近所述光发射器轴开始转变为位于非优先侧上的凸起部分,该凸起部分在距所述基底端最远的位置处与所述内横向表面会合;
基本上平的输出端表面;以及
全内反射TIR表面,被配置用于将从所述内表面接收的光指向所述输出端表面,所述TIR表面从所述基底端绕所述内表面延伸以终止在接近所述输出端表面的位置,以使得在接近所述输出端表面的位置处,在所述优先侧上从所述TIR表面到所述光发射器轴的径向距离是最大的并且向着所述非优先侧减小,
由此使得来自所述光发射器的光主要向着所述优先侧离开所述输出端表面。
2.如权利要求1所述的透镜,其中所述内横向表面是基本上圆柱形的。
3.如权利要求2所述的透镜,其中所述基本上圆柱形的内横向表面具有基本上圆形截面的直圆柱形形状。
4.如权利要求1所述的透镜,其中所述输出端表面被配置用于将光指向所述优先侧。
5.如权利要求1所述的透镜,其中所述TIR表面具有相对于所述光发射器轴的发散角,所述发散角在所述优先侧上是最大的。
6.如权利要求1、4或5所述的透镜,其中所述与光发射器相邻的基底端是基本上垂直于所述光发射器轴的平的表面。
7.如权利要求6所述的透镜,其中所述输出端表面成角度地向着非优先侧,而在所述优先侧上的该输出端表面的边缘距所述基底端的平面最远。
8.如权利要求1、4或5所述的透镜,进一步包括绕所述TIR表面的向外的法兰。
9.如权利要求8所述的透镜,其中所述向外的法兰包括基准标记,所述基准标记指示在将所述透镜安装在所述光发射器之上的过程中所述优先侧的取向。
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US20140078747A1 (en) 2014-03-20
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US20090290360A1 (en) 2009-11-26
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KR20110030476A (ko) 2011-03-23
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AU2009249556B2 (en) 2014-11-06
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US8388193B2 (en) 2013-03-05
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