CN102196655A - Multi-filament wide-beam electronic curtain - Google Patents
Multi-filament wide-beam electronic curtain Download PDFInfo
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- CN102196655A CN102196655A CN 201010122226 CN201010122226A CN102196655A CN 102196655 A CN102196655 A CN 102196655A CN 201010122226 CN201010122226 CN 201010122226 CN 201010122226 A CN201010122226 A CN 201010122226A CN 102196655 A CN102196655 A CN 102196655A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a radiation processing and nuclear technology accelerator, disclosing a multi-filament wide-beam electronic curtain. The multi-filament wide-beam electronic curtain comprises a control system, a power supply system, a water cooling system, a nitrogen supply system and a vacuum system, wherein the power supply system comprises a high-voltage power supply, a head power supply and an isolation transformer; the head power supply is connected with high-voltage ceramics by a high-voltage inlead; the vacuum system comprises an electronic gun, an external barrel and filaments, wherein a vacuum cavity is formed between the electronic gun and the external barrel; the lower side of the electronic gun is provided with a second grid electrode of the flat plate shape; the second grid electrode is provided with a second grid aperture; a titanium foil and an acceleration electrode are arranged just below the second grid electrode; and the titanium foil is provided with a cooled copper grid. In the radiation processing and nuclear technology accelerator, the density of the filament is reasonably set to overcome the distribution unevenness of end beam current because of titanium foil dispersion; the second grid electrode is provided with the second grid aperture to reduce cut beams on the titanium foil copper grid; and an outer layer of shielding cover is also provided with a distribution target so as to monitor beam current distribution in real time to greatly improve the performance of the whole accelerator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to RADIATION PROCESSING and nuclear technology accelerator, relate in particular to multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain.
Background technology
Energy is 80-300keV, width is that the electronics curtain of 20-350cm is widely used in the RADIATION PROCESSING field, and for example face coat solidifies, and generates the new material and the components and parts of property by the crosslinked or cracking reaction that produces when the radiation, desulfurizing industrial fume, radiosterilization etc.RADIATION PROCESSING has energy-conservation, economic benefit height, advantages such as environmentally safe.Carry out RADIATION PROCESSING with the electronics curtain, although from last century a swift and violent development is arranged after the eighties abroad, does not extensively carry out as yet in this field at home, and its market is still very broad.It is good that the key of this field development will be researched and developed a performance exactly, and the cost performance height is reliable and stable, and the electronics curtain of various width can be provided.
Although electronics curtain existing at home several studies institute or company copies or with external cooperation research and development, still do not have multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain with independent intellectual property right.
Summary of the invention
The uniformity that the present invention is directed to radiation area bundle in the prior art can't guarantee, provides a kind of very high current density and very wide beamwidth can be provided, to adapt to the multi-filament electronics curtain that various applications require.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is solved by following technical proposals:
During the selection of negative electrode mode of operation, be the uniformity that guarantees the radiation area bundle, must guarantee that at first the electric current that each electron gun is drawn will unanimity.The electron gun of this electronics curtain is by many linear hot filaments and draws the grid parallel connection and constitute.First grid is the coaxial cylinders that surrounds filament.The design of negative electrode and grid is the key of whole accelerator.Be the electric current unanimity that guarantees that each electron gun is drawn, at first want the mode of operation of choose reasonable negative electrode.Negative electrode has two kinds of mode of operations available:
A. the emission restriction is flowed: emission restriction stream is determined by cathode temperature.All thermionic emission all satisfy following formula:
Wherein
It is the cathode surface work function.Can derive by following formula
Index variation in the various negative electrode following formulas is very little.Can see that by following formula for the emission current that makes each electron gun satisfies ± 10% requirement, each cathode temperature must be controlled.Cathode temperature is controlled by heating current, finds that by Practical Calculation following approximate formula is arranged between filament heating current and temperature when filament temperature is enough high:
Wherein
It is the filament heating voltage.As can be known, require each filament emission current error＜± 10%, the difference between current that just necessarily requires to flow through every filament is little.If we are by a power supply power supply, though the voltage at all filament two ends all identical (this resistance that requires the filament frame of power supply is zero), by
, wherein
Be the diameter and the length of filament; Can obtain:
Therefore, require the error of diameter
, the error of length
Above-mentioned two requirements all will be difficult technically.
B. space-charge-limited flow: the formula that can use two space-charge-limited flow between the face of cylinder:
Wherein
Be the stream of drawing of unit length,
Be extraction voltage,
Be the subtended angle of draw-out area,
,
,
Be the anode cylinder radius,
It is the cathode cylinder radius.Under our situation, because
Very big (when
The time,
), can think
Wherein under our situation
Be the first grid radius.
For guaranteeing that the line uniformity that each electron gun is drawn reaches
± 10% requirement is supposed
=10mm, then requirement
＜± 1mm.Promptly only need to guarantee each filament with respect to the site error of the first grid be controlled at ± 1mm in.We are equipped with the device with the filament tension in the one or both ends of each filament, overcome the sagging problem after filament heats, and this requirement is satisfiable technically.
Multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain, comprise control system, electric power system, water-cooling system, nitrogen supply system and vacuum system, described electric power system comprises high voltage source, head power supply and isolating transformer, the head power supply is connected with higfh-tension ceramics by the high pressure lead-in, vacuum system comprises electron gun, outer cylinder body, 2-150 filament, it between electron gun and the outer cylinder body vacuum chamber, the downside of electron gun is provided with plate shaped second grid, second grid is provided with the second grid hole, be provided with titanium foil and intensifying ring under the second grid, 2-600 cooling copper grid that is parallel to each other is set on the titanium foil.Multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain, energy is 80-300keV, beamwidth is 50-350cm, the skew effect of " crossed electric and magnetic field " halved tie, the electronics curtain electron gun structure of supposing employing is as shown in Figure 3.Filament is arranged in
Axle, first grid for the radius around filament is
Cylinder.Second grid is for the filament distance being
The plane.First grid adds draws grid voltage
, be the equipotential drift region between first and second grids.For the bundle that adjacent electron gun draws is intersected as much as possible mutually, make the abundant homogenize of bundle to reach, below first grid in certain subtended angle scope (
) opened many holes, electronics is drawn.As shown in Figure 2, the magnetic field that electric current produces is the concentric circles around filament, and the direction of an electric field between the filament and the first grid is radially.Therefore electronics will be to the Z direction, the drift of the anode of filament voltage.
In theory, electronic motion equation (using the MKS system) is as follows in the cross(ed) field:
Wherein
Be the filament radius,
H/m.Can in the hope of, total drift value is determined by following formula when arriving second grid:
Wherein
Drift value when arriving first grid, can be in the hope of determining by following formula:
Different
The electronics that direction is drawn has identical z to speed when arriving the first grid, and the slope of electron trajectory is determined by following equation:
It between first and second grids equipotential drift region (formula
Middle right-hand member is zero).Different
The distance length difference that the electronics that direction is drawn flies when arriving second grid.For the electron beam of vertically drawing (
=0), flight distance the shortest (OA), so the drift distance of z direction is the shortest, determine by following formula:
Press
The side-play amount of the electron beam that draw at the angle between the first grid and second grid is:
Since Shu Youyi the z in the second grid place to drift velocity, so when restrainting when accelerating to the titanium foil window by second grid, also can further cause z to drift (
).
The result that above-mentioned phenomenon produces is: (1) electronics is drawn with acceleration efficiency extremely low.(2) bundle of outgoing second grid is distributed in the filament both sides and sharply descends.The mutual intersection that adjacent electronics is robbed bundle reduces greatly, need reduce the distance of adjacent electronics between robbing, and could guarantee the uniformity of accelerator ejected beam.So, increased the filament heating current.This not only increases power consumption, and brings technical great difficulty.(3) behind second grid and since have a Z to initial velocity, whole bundle quickens the back will be further to amount of filament anode skew when arriving titanium foil.(4) bundle spot in titanium foil place seriously is partial to a side, and effectively line reduces, and the heat distribution and the cooling thereof of titanium foil brought influence.In a word, this phenomenon produces the influence of essence for the performance of whole electronics curtain.
As preferably, described filament length is 3-15cm, filament is provided with columnar first grid outward, the end of first grid is provided with back-moving spring, the tolerance of filament and first grid distance is ± 1mm, the downside half angle of first grid is to be provided with the first grid hole that electron beam passes through in the 30-120 ° of scope, and the positive pole of power supply links to each other with filament one end, and the negative pole of power supply links to each other with the end in addition of filament.With filament and first grid assembly with respect to second grid distance of negative pole deviation in driction to power supply, the positive pole of filament supply and each filament one end link, power cathode and filament end in addition link, filament so all to the positive terminal drift, still concentrates in the spendable scope a large amount of electronics.Improved that electronics is drawn and acceleration efficiency, avoided the bundle of outgoing second grid to be distributed in the rapid decline of filament both sides and to get to outside electric current in a large number and cause many ill effects.Guarantee the uniformity of accelerator ejected beam, reduced the filament heating current, reduced power consumption.Filament-first grid-second grid assembly with respect to titanium foil to distance of negative pole deviation in driction of power supply (
), suitably increase first grid diameter and grid voltage, thus the spacing that reduces first grid and second grid behind second grid since have a Z to initial velocity, whole bundle quickens the back will be further to amount of filament anode skew when arriving titanium foil.
To produce very big scattering when penetrating titanium foil owing to electron beam, even restraint when the incident titanium foil fully evenly as calculated, the effect of scattering will make the dosage of radiation area produce decline at two ends.The irradiation face is nearer from the paper tinsel film, and dosage is bigger, and the border is steeper, distributes more evenly, and homogeneity range is bigger.By the distance between shortening paper tinsel film and the irradiation thing and through strengthening the length of electron gun and titanium foil, perhaps add the light orchid behind the titanium foil before the adjacent irradiation thing and can solve the uneven problem of dosage, still reduced the utilance of beam power.Therefore by encrypting filament at two ends at interval, cause titanium foil incident place two ends that bigger beam current density is arranged, thereby reach the uniformity behind titanium foil.
As preferably, the diameter of described first grid is 1-4cm, and the spacing between first grid and the second grid is 1-600mm.
As preferably, the described second grid hole is that diameter is the round hole of 2.5-6mm.Have the round hole of drawing electron beam on the second grid, can reduce the titanium foil copper grid that beam divergence angle causes and cut the bundle rate.
As preferably, the described second grid hole be width at 2.5-5mm, length is the rectangle perforate in the scope of 10-200mm.Have the rectangle perforate of drawing electron beam on the second grid, can reduce the titanium foil copper grid that beam divergence angle causes and cut the bundle rate.
As preferably, select the negative electrode mode of operation, and adopt space-charge-limited flow state and emission restriction stream, also be provided with dose monitoring system on the outer cylinder body, dose monitoring system is the measurement target of detected electrons stream.The mode of operation of the choose reasonable negative electrode that proposes adopts the space-charge-limited flow state, guarantees that effectively each filament of multi-filament draws identical electron stream, adopts emission restriction stream, more helps the uniformity of single filament type electronics curtain ejected beam.It is crucial monitoring the distribution of electronic beam current and electron beam in real time during operation, for this reason, many distribution targets are settled in the side between titanium foil and irradiation thing, be used for monitoring the educt beaming flow density distribution, therefore cause when owing to single filament blow that the bundle density distribution can in time stop to produce when changing, also settled two absorbing targets simultaneously, absorbing target is provided with scale and can indicates and draw total beam.
As preferably, described cooling copper grid is straight or arc, and the height of cooling copper grid is 5-50mm, width is 0.6-2mm, distance between the adjacent cooling copper grid is 0.5-7mm, and cooling copper grid is the water-cooled copper grid, and by cooling off titanium foil to the mode of titanium foil air blowing body.Calculating shows, diffusing angle when electron beam reaches titanium foil mainly is produced by the influence of focal length and pore membrane lens at electron beam, if cooling copper grid adopts circular hole or square hole, the equipotential surface of indent is dome shape, so will produce bidimensional (X, the Y direction) diffusing angle, and the copper grid of cooling titanium foil are slotted along a direction (for example Y direction).So, electron beam will produce the shade of copper grid at directions X, thereby strengthen the bundle that cuts of copper grid.If directions X is opened slit in the second grid upper edge, then to be cylinder planar for the equipotential surface of indent, only produces the angle of loosing on the Y direction, so can significantly reduce the bundle rate of cutting of copper grid.Through calculating, like this can be so that the cutting about the about drop by half of bundle rate of copper grid, so this change will make the load of high voltage source descend greatly, bring very big economic benefit.
As preferably, described titanium foil is the beryllium paper tinsel of aluminizing, and the thickness of titanium foil is 5-40 μ m, and width is 2-35cm.The material of titanium foil is selected: conductive coefficient allows the maximum operation temperature of operation to heal height better more better, and the ENERGY DEPOSITION COEFFICIENTS FOR of electronics in the paper tinsel film heals better little, and yield strength more better.Film materials commonly used is titanium or aluminium, the working temperature height of titanium, but poor heat conductivity; Aluminium in contrast.The conductive coefficient of beryllium is seven times of titanium, and the ENERGY DEPOSITION COEFFICIENTS FOR of beryllium paper tinsel only is 80% of a titanium foil.Beryllium also has high-modulus, high specific stiffness, and resistance to oxidation, advantage such as dimensional stability is good, but that its shortcoming is a valency is expensive, and the beryllium powder is poisonous, and property is more crisp, so use the beryllium paper tinsel of aluminizing.
As preferably, described filament and first grid are with respect to the negative pole deviation in driction 5-150mm of second grid to power supply, and filament, first grid, second grid are with respect to the negative pole deviation in driction 5-350mm of titanium foil to power supply.Because wire filament type electron gun will cause the phenomenon of serious bundle skew and the having a strong impact on whole electronics curtain device that this phenomenon causes under " crossed electric and magnetic field " effect.The theoretical calculation formula of deriving:
Therefore, with filament and first grid assembly with respect to second grid to the negative pole deviation in driction 20-100mm of power supply distance; With filament-first grid-second grid assembly with respect to titanium foil to the negative pole deviation in driction 20-350mm of power supply distance; Suitably increase first grid diameter and grid voltage, reduce the bundle shift phenomenon that the spacing of the first grid and second grid can make electron gun cause and weaken greatly under " crossed electric and magnetic field " effect.
As preferably, described intensifying ring adopts the single gap accelerated electron, and the scope in gap is 3-60cm.
For a wide beam source, one of most important key problem in technology is the uniformity that how to guarantee the radiation area bundle, the mode of operation of the choose reasonable negative electrode that the present invention finds, reduce that to make electron beam produce the effect that serious skew causes and the density of reasonable disposition two ends filament etc. under the effect of " crossed electric and magnetic field " all be the performance that improves whole accelerator, the measure that must take as ejected beam spot shape, ejection efficiency, the uniformity etc.
The mode of operation of choose reasonable negative electrode of the present invention guarantees that the line that each filament draws is even, and derived theoretically and make electron beam produce the computing formula of skew under the effect of " crossed electric and magnetic field ", by the introducing mode of the theoretical method that combines with experiment, significantly reduce the serious consequence that it causes with filament skew or change filament supply.Density by reasonable arrangement filament overcomes the end line skewness that the titanium foil scattering causes, at second grid the second grid hole is set, reduce the bundle that cuts on the titanium foil copper grid, the distribution target also is set on the external shield, monitor beam distributions and ejected beam spot shape, ejection efficiency, uniformity or the like in real time improve the performance of whole accelerator greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a principle of the invention schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is electronics of the present invention stressed schematic diagram in crossed fields.
Fig. 3 influences principle schematic for crossed fields of the present invention to electron trajectory.
Fig. 4 is the bundle spot of the skew of cross(ed) field effect generation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the shade of the bundle of titanium foil cooling copper grid of the present invention generation.
1-electric power system wherein, 2-vacuum system, 3-electron beam, 4-magnetic line of force, 5-power line, bundle spot after the skew of 6-electronics, 11-high voltage source, 12-head power supply (filament supply, grid power supply), 13-isolating transformer, 14-high pressure lead-in, 15-higfh-tension ceramics, 21-filament, 22-first grid, 23-electron gun, 24-second grid, 25-intensifying ring, 26-titanium foil, 27-cooling copper grid, 28-dose monitoring system, 29-outer cylinder body, 221-first grid hole, 241-the second grid hole.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 to accompanying drawing 4 and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
Multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain, shown in Fig. 1 to 4, comprise control system, electric power system 1, water-cooling system, nitrogen supply system and vacuum system 2, described electric power system 1 comprises high voltage source 11, head power supply 12 and isolating transformer 13, head power supply 12 is connected with higfh-tension ceramics 15 by high pressure lead-in 14, vacuum system 2 comprises electron gun 23, outer cylinder body 29,50 filaments 21, be vacuum chamber 20 between electron gun 23 and the outer cylinder body 29, the downside of electron gun 23 is provided with plate shaped second grid 24, second grid 24 is provided with the second grid hole 241, be provided with titanium foil 26 and intensifying ring 25 under the second grid 24,55 cooling copper grids 27 that are parallel to each other are set on the titanium foil 26.Multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain, energy is 80-300keV, beamwidth is 50-350cm, the skew effect of " crossed electric and magnetic field " halved tie, the electronics curtain electron gun structure of supposing employing is as shown in Figure 3.Filament is arranged in
Axle, first grid for the radius around filament is
Cylinder.Second grid is for the filament distance being
The plane.First grid adds draws grid voltage
, be the equipotential drift region between first and second grids.For the bundle that adjacent electron gun draws is intersected as much as possible mutually, make the abundant homogenize of bundle to reach, below first grid in certain subtended angle scope
Opened many holes, electronics has been drawn.As shown in Figure 2, the magnetic field that electric current produces is the concentric circles around filament, and the direction of an electric field between the filament and the first grid is radially.Therefore electronics will be to the Z direction, the drift of the anode of filament voltage.
To produce very big scattering when penetrating titanium foil owing to electron beam, even restraint when the incident titanium foil fully evenly as calculated, the effect of scattering will make the dosage of radiation area produce decline at two ends.The irradiation face is nearer from the paper tinsel film, and dosage is bigger, and the border is steeper, distributes more evenly, and homogeneity range is bigger.By the distance between shortening paper tinsel film and the irradiation thing and through strengthening the length of electron gun and titanium foil, perhaps add the light orchid behind the titanium foil before the adjacent irradiation thing and can solve the uneven problem of dosage, still reduced the utilance of beam power.Therefore by encrypting filament at two ends at interval, cause titanium foil incident place two ends that bigger beam current density is arranged, thereby reach the uniformity behind titanium foil.
The diameter of first grid 22 is 2cm, and the spacing between first grid 22 and the second grid 24 is 100mm.
The second grid hole 241 is the round hole of 3mm for diameter.Have the round hole of drawing electron beam on the second grid 24, can reduce the titanium foil copper grid that beam divergence angle causes and cut the bundle rate.
Select the negative electrode mode of operation, and adopt space-charge-limited flow state and emission restriction stream, also be provided with dose monitoring system 28 on the outer cylinder body 29, dose monitoring system 28 is the measurement target of detected electrons stream.The mode of operation of the choose reasonable negative electrode that proposes adopts the space-charge-limited flow state, guarantees that effectively each filament of multi-filament draws identical electron stream, adopts emission restriction stream, more helps the uniformity of single filament type electronics curtain ejected beam.It is crucial monitoring the distribution of electronic beam current and electron beam in real time during operation, for this reason, many distribution targets are settled in the side between titanium foil and irradiation thing, be used for monitoring the educt beaming flow density distribution, therefore cause when owing to single filament blow that the bundle density distribution can in time stop to produce when changing, also settled two absorbing targets simultaneously, absorbing target is provided with scale and can indicates and draw total beam.
The beryllium paper tinsel of titanium foil 26 for aluminizing, the thickness of titanium foil 26 is 10 μ m, width is 8cm.The material of titanium foil 26 is selected: conductive coefficient allows the maximum operation temperature of operation to heal height better more better, and the ENERGY DEPOSITION COEFFICIENTS FOR of electronics in the paper tinsel film heals better little, and yield strength more better.Film materials commonly used is titanium or aluminium, the working temperature height of titanium, but poor heat conductivity; Aluminium in contrast.The conductive coefficient of beryllium is seven times of titanium, and the ENERGY DEPOSITION COEFFICIENTS FOR of beryllium paper tinsel only is 80% of a titanium foil.Beryllium also has high-modulus, high specific stiffness, and resistance to oxidation, advantage such as dimensional stability is good, but that its shortcoming is a valency is expensive, and the beryllium powder is poisonous, and property is more crisp, so use the beryllium paper tinsel of aluminizing.
Therefore, with filament and first grid assembly with respect to second grid to the negative pole deviation in driction 20-100mm of power supply distance; With filament-first grid-second grid assembly with respect to titanium foil to the negative pole deviation in driction 20-350mm of power supply distance; Suitably increase first grid diameter and grid voltage, reduce the bundle shift phenomenon that the spacing of the first grid and second grid can make electron gun cause and weaken greatly under " crossed electric and magnetic field " effect.
Intensifying ring 25 adopts the single gap accelerated electron, and the scope in gap is 10cm.
For a wide beam source, one of most important key problem in technology is the uniformity that how to guarantee the radiation area bundle, the mode of operation of the choose reasonable negative electrode that the present invention finds, reduce that to make electron beam produce the effect that serious skew causes and the density of reasonable disposition two ends filament etc. under the effect of " crossed electric and magnetic field " all be the performance that improves whole accelerator, the measure that must take as ejected beam spot shape, ejection efficiency, the uniformity etc.
Multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain, shown in Fig. 1 to 4, comprise control system, electric power system 1, water-cooling system, nitrogen supply system and vacuum system 2, described electric power system 1 comprises high voltage source 11, head power supply 12 and isolating transformer 13, head power supply 12 is connected with higfh-tension ceramics 15 by high pressure lead-in 14, vacuum system 2 comprises electron gun 23, outer cylinder body 29,101 filaments 21, be vacuum chamber 20 between electron gun 23 and the outer cylinder body 29, the downside of electron gun 23 is provided with plate shaped second grid 24, second grid 24 is provided with the second grid hole 241, be provided with titanium foil 26 and intensifying ring 25 under the second grid 24,203 cooling copper grids 27 that are parallel to each other are set on the titanium foil 26.
Filament 21 length are 11cm, be provided with columnar first grid 22 outside the filament 21, the end of first grid 22 is provided with back-moving spring, filament 21 with the tolerance of first grid 22 is ± 1mm, the downside half angle of first grid 22 is to be provided with the first grid hole 221 that electron beam passes through in 61 ° of scopes, the positive pole of power supply links to each other with an end of filament 21, and the negative pole of power supply links to each other with the end in addition of filament 21.To produce very big scattering when penetrating titanium foil owing to electron beam, even restraint when the incident titanium foil fully evenly as calculated, the effect of scattering will make the dosage of radiation area produce decline at two ends.The irradiation face is nearer from the paper tinsel film, and dosage is bigger, and the border is steeper, distributes more evenly, and homogeneity range is bigger.By the distance between shortening paper tinsel film and the irradiation thing and through strengthening the length of electron gun and titanium foil, perhaps add the light orchid behind the titanium foil before the adjacent irradiation thing and can solve the uneven problem of dosage, still reduced the utilance of beam power.Therefore by encrypting filament at two ends at interval, cause titanium foil incident place two ends that bigger beam current density is arranged, thereby reach the uniformity behind titanium foil.
The diameter of first grid 22 is 3.1cm, and the spacing between first grid 22 and the second grid 24 is 301mm.
The second grid hole 241 be width at 3mm, length is the rectangle perforate in the scope of 12mm.Have the rectangle perforate of drawing electron beam on the second grid 24, can reduce the titanium foil copper grid that beam divergence angle causes and cut the bundle rate.
Select the negative electrode mode of operation, and adopt space-charge-limited flow state and emission restriction stream, also be provided with dose monitoring system 28 on the outer cylinder body 29, dose monitoring system 28 is the measurement target of detected electrons stream.
Cooling copper grid 27 is the copper coin of certain radian arc, the height of cooling copper grid 27 is 12mm, and width is 1.4mm, and the distance between the adjacent cooling copper grid 27 is 2.4mm, cooling copper grid 27 is the water-cooled copper grid, and by cooling off titanium foil 26 to the mode of titanium foil 26 air blowing bodies.
The beryllium paper tinsel of titanium foil 26 for aluminizing, the thickness of titanium foil 26 is 15 μ m, width is 22cm.
Therefore, with filament and first grid assembly with respect to second grid to the negative pole deviation in driction 89mm of power supply distance; With filament-first grid-second grid assembly with respect to titanium foil to the negative pole deviation in driction 213mm of power supply distance; Suitably increase first grid diameter and grid voltage, reduce the bundle shift phenomenon that the spacing of the first grid and second grid can make electron gun cause and weaken greatly under " crossed electric and magnetic field " effect.
Intensifying ring 25 adopts the single gap accelerated electron, and the scope in gap is 16cm.
For a wide beam source, one of most important key problem in technology is the uniformity that how to guarantee the radiation area bundle, the mode of operation of the choose reasonable negative electrode that the present invention finds, reduce that to make electron beam produce the effect that serious skew causes and the density of reasonable disposition two ends filament etc. under the effect of " crossed electric and magnetic field " all be the performance that improves whole accelerator, the measure that must take as ejected beam spot shape, ejection efficiency, the uniformity etc.
Embodiment 3
Multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain, shown in Fig. 1 to 4, comprise control system, electric power system 1, water-cooling system, nitrogen supply system and vacuum system 2, described electric power system 1 comprises high voltage source 11, head power supply 12 and isolating transformer 13, head power supply 12 is connected with higfh-tension ceramics 15 by high pressure lead-in 14, vacuum system 2 comprises electron gun 23, outer cylinder body 29,135 filaments 21, be vacuum chamber 20 between electron gun 23 and the outer cylinder body 29, the downside of electron gun 23 is provided with plate shaped second grid 24, second grid 24 is provided with the second grid hole 241, be provided with titanium foil 26 and intensifying ring 25 under the second grid 24,423 cooling copper grids 27 that are parallel to each other are set on the titanium foil 26.
Filament 21 length are 14cm, be provided with columnar first grid 22 outside the filament 21, the end of first grid 22 is provided with back-moving spring, filament 21 with the tolerance of first grid 22 is ± 1mm, the downside half angle of first grid 22 is to be provided with the first grid hole 221 that electron beam passes through in 76 ° of scopes, the positive pole of power supply links to each other with the mid point of filament 21, and the negative pole of power supply links to each other with the two ends of filament 21.To produce very big scattering when penetrating titanium foil owing to electron beam, even restraint when the incident titanium foil fully evenly as calculated, the effect of scattering will make the dosage of radiation area produce decline at two ends.The irradiation face is nearer from the paper tinsel film, and dosage is bigger, and the border is steeper, distributes more evenly, and homogeneity range is bigger.By the distance between shortening paper tinsel film and the irradiation thing and through strengthening the length of electron gun and titanium foil, perhaps add the light orchid behind the titanium foil before the adjacent irradiation thing and can solve the uneven problem of dosage, still reduced the utilance of beam power.Therefore by encrypting filament at two ends at interval, cause titanium foil incident place two ends that bigger beam current density is arranged, thereby reach the uniformity behind titanium foil.
The diameter of first grid 22 is 3.8cm, and the spacing between first grid 22 and the second grid 24 is 546mm.
The second grid hole 241 is the round hole of 5.4mm for diameter.Have the round hole of drawing electron beam on the second grid 24, can reduce the titanium foil copper grid that beam divergence angle causes and cut the bundle rate.
Select the negative electrode mode of operation, and adopt space-charge-limited flow state and emission restriction stream, also be provided with dose monitoring system 28 on the outer cylinder body 29, dose monitoring system 28 is the measurement target of detected electrons stream.
Cooling copper grid 27 is straight copper coin, the height of cooling copper grid 27 is 42mm, and width is 1.8mm, and the distance between the adjacent cooling copper grid 27 is 6.6mm, cooling copper grid 27 is the water-cooled copper grid, and by cooling off titanium foil 26 to the mode of titanium foil 26 air blowing bodies.
The beryllium paper tinsel of titanium foil 26 for aluminizing, the thickness of titanium foil 26 is 33 μ m, width is 31cm.
Therefore, with filament and first grid assembly with respect to second grid to the negative pole deviation in driction 20-100mm of power supply distance; With filament-first grid-second grid assembly with respect to titanium foil to the negative pole deviation in driction 20-350mm of power supply distance; Suitably increase first grid diameter and grid voltage, reduce the bundle shift phenomenon that the spacing of the first grid and second grid can make electron gun cause and weaken greatly under " crossed electric and magnetic field " effect.
Intensifying ring 25 adopts the single gap accelerated electron, and the scope in gap is 31cm.
For a wide beam source, one of most important key problem in technology is the uniformity that how to guarantee the radiation area bundle, the mode of operation of the choose reasonable negative electrode that the present invention finds, reduce that to make electron beam produce the effect that serious skew causes and the density of reasonable disposition two ends filament etc. under the effect of " crossed electric and magnetic field " all be the performance that improves whole accelerator, the measure that must take as ejected beam spot shape, ejection efficiency, the uniformity etc.
In a word, the above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equalizations of being done according to the present patent application claim change and modify, and all should belong to the covering scope of patent of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain, comprise control system, electric power system (1), water-cooling system, nitrogen supply system and vacuum system (2), it is characterized in that: described electric power system (1) comprises high voltage source (11), head power supply (12) and isolating transformer (13), head power supply (12) is connected with higfh-tension ceramics (15) by high pressure lead-in (14), vacuum system (2) comprises electron gun (23), outer cylinder body (29), 2-150 filament (21), be vacuum chamber (20) between electron gun (23) and the outer cylinder body (29), the downside of electron gun (23) is provided with plate shaped second grid (24), second grid (24) is provided with the second grid hole (241), be provided with titanium foil (26) and intensifying ring (25) under the second grid (24), 2-600 cooling copper grid (27) that is parallel to each other is set on the titanium foil (26).
2. multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described filament (21) length is 3-15cm, the outer columnar first grid (22) that is provided with of filament (21), the end of first grid (22) is provided with back-moving spring, filament (21) with the tolerance of first grid (22) distance is ± 1mm, the downside half angle of first grid (22) is to be provided with the first grid hole (221) that electron beam passes through in the 30-120 ° of scope, the positive pole of power supply links to each other with filament (21) one ends, and the negative pole of power supply links to each other with the end in addition of filament (21).
3. multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the diameter of described first grid (22) is 1-4cm, the spacing between first grid (22) and the second grid (24) is 1-600mm.
4. multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the described second grid hole (241) is the round hole of 2.5-6mm for diameter.
5. multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the described second grid hole (241) for width at 2.5-5mm, length is the rectangle perforate in the scope of 10-200mm.
6. multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: select the negative electrode mode of operation, and adopt space-charge-limited flow state and emission restriction to flow, also be provided with dose monitoring system (28) on the outer cylinder body (29), dose monitoring system (28) is the measurement target of detected electrons stream.
7. multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cooling copper grid (27) is straight or arc, the height of cooling copper grid (27) is 5-50mm, width is 0.6-2mm, distance between the adjacent cooling copper grid (27) is 0.5-7mm, cooling copper grid (27) is the water-cooled copper grid, and by cooling off titanium foil (26) to the mode of titanium foil (26) air blowing body.
8. multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the beryllium paper tinsel of described titanium foil (26) for aluminizing, and the thickness of titanium foil (26) is 5-40 μ m, width is 2-35cm.
9. multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described filament (21) and first grid (22) are with respect to the negative pole deviation in driction 5-150mm of second grid (24) to power supply, and filament (21), first grid (22), second grid (24) are with respect to the negative pole deviation in driction 5-350mm of titanium foil (26) to power supply.
10. multi-filament wide beam electronics curtain according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described intensifying ring (25) adopts the single gap accelerated electron, and the scope in gap is 3-60cm.
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| CN104735896A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-06-24 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Power source insulating equipment and electronic curtain accelerator |
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| CN104735897A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-06-24 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Electronic curtain accelerator, receiving electrode and electronic accelerating method |
| CN104735897B (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-08-25 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Electrocurtain accelerator, receiving pole and electronics accelerated method |
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