CN102209768B - Fuel compositions comprising limonane and farnesane - Google Patents
Fuel compositions comprising limonane and farnesane Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 519
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 306
- YFHFHLSMISYUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N farnesane Chemical compound CCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C YFHFHLSMISYUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cymene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 claims description 61
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 60
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001706 oxygenating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004563 farnesanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 claims 5
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229940087305 limonene Drugs 0.000 abstract description 12
- 235000001510 limonene Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 15
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- JSNRRGGBADWTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6E)-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(=C)C=C JSNRRGGBADWTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- ZALHPSXXQIPKTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethyloctane Chemical compound CCC(C)CCCC(C)C ZALHPSXXQIPKTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- CXENHBSYCFFKJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3E,6E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCC=C(C)C=C CXENHBSYCFFKJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- JXBSHSBNOVLGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-cis-Dihydrofarnesen Natural products CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C JXBSHSBNOVLGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- MOYAFQVGZZPNRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terpinolene Chemical compound CC(C)=C1CCC(C)=CC1 MOYAFQVGZZPNRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- JSNRRGGBADWTMC-QINSGFPZSA-N (E)-beta-Farnesene Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CCC(=C)C=C JSNRRGGBADWTMC-QINSGFPZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YSNRTFFURISHOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-farnesene Natural products C=CC(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C YSNRTFFURISHOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFJQCDVYDGGFCH-JTQLQIEISA-N (+)-β-phellandrene Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CCC(=C)C=C1 LFJQCDVYDGGFCH-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFJQCDVYDGGFCH-SNVBAGLBSA-N (+/-)-beta-Phellandrene Natural products CC(C)[C@H]1CCC(=C)C=C1 LFJQCDVYDGGFCH-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- LFJQCDVYDGGFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-phellandrene Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(=C)C=C1 LFJQCDVYDGGFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NUHSROFQTUXZQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentenyl diphosphate Chemical compound CC(=C)CCO[P@](O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O NUHSROFQTUXZQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZRSNZINYAWTAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 ZRSNZINYAWTAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WWRCMNKATXZARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Isopropyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C WWRCMNKATXZARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003570 biosynthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003527 eukaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001886 farnesane group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930009668 farnesene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Abstract
Provided herein are, among other things, fuel compositions and methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, the fuel compositions provided herein comprise a mixture of limonane and farnesane. In other embodiments, the fuel compositions provided herein comprise a mixture of limonene, farnesane, p-cymene and a petroleum-based fuel or a Fischer-Tropsch-based fuel. In still other embodiments, the fuel compositions provided herein comprise a mixture of limonene, farnesane, p-cymene, a petroleum-based fuel or a Fischer-Tropsch-based fuel and a fuel additive.
Description
Related application formerly
The application advocates in the U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/097 of submission on September 17th, 2008,813, the U.S. Patent application of submitting on December 5th, 2,008 12/329,483 (it is converted into U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/196,726) and the U.S. Patent application of submitting on February 25th, 2,009 12/393,024 right of priority, above-mentioned application is by with reference to by the complete this paper that incorporates into.
Technical field
The invention provides fuel composition and preparation and using method etc.In the part embodiment, this fuel composition comprise at least a can be at least part of from microorganism easily and the fuel composition that effectively generates.In some embodiments, this fuel composition provided by the invention comprises at least a biotechnology fuel composition of high density.In further embodiment, this fuel composition provided by the invention comprises lemon alkane (limonane) and farnesane (farnesane).
Background technology
Biofuel comprises the fuel that comes from biomass (for example organism or its metabolic by-prods of survival, for example from the fertilizer of animal) recently.Biofuel is desirable, because different with other natural origin such as oil, coal and nuclear fuel, biofuel is renewable energy source.Yet the biofuel that is suitable for use as rocket engine fuel waits exploitation.The invention provides this kind biofuel.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the fuel composition and preparation and the using method etc. that comprise lemon alkane and farnesane.In some embodiments, this fuel composition comprise can be at least part of from microorganism easily and the fuel composition that effectively generates.
In one aspect, the invention provides the fuel composition that comprises lemon alkane and farnesane, wherein lemon alkane and farnesane amount separately is at least 5% volume of this fuel composition cumulative volume.In some embodiments, the density of fuel composition disclosed by the invention under 15 ℃ is between about 775kg/m
3To about 840kg/m
3Between or from about 775kg/m
3To about 840kg/m
3In the part embodiment, fuel composition disclosed by the invention further comprises Paracymene, and its content is at least 0.5% volume of this fuel composition cumulative volume.In other embodiments, this fuel composition disclosed by the invention further comprises petroleum based fuels or synthol, Fischer-Tropsch base (Fischer-Tropsch-based) fuel for example, and its content is at least 10% volume of this fuel composition cumulative volume.
On the other hand, the invention provides fuel composition, its comprise (a) between about 15% and about 60% volume between or from the about 15% lemon alkane to about 60% volume; (b) between about 5% and about 45% volume between or from about 5% farnesane to about 45% volume; (c) from about 0.5% Paracymene to about 25% volume; And (d) at least about petroleum based fuels or the synthol (for example, Fischer-Tropsch base fuel) of 20% volume, wherein said content is based on the cumulative volume of this fuel composition.
On the other hand, the invention provides fuel composition, its comprise (a) between about 15% and about 30% volume between or from the about 15% lemon alkane to about 30% volume; (b) between about 10% and about 30% volume between or from about 10% farnesane to about 30% volume; (c) from about 0.5% Paracymene to about 20% volume; (d) at least about petroleum based fuels or the synthol (for example, Fischer-Tropsch base fuel) of 40% volume, and (e) fuel dope, wherein said content is based on the cumulative volume of this fuel composition.
In some embodiments, fuel composition disclosed by the invention has from about 750kg/m under 15 ℃
3To about 840kg/m
3Density.In some embodiments, this fuel composition T
90And T
10Difference between the temperature is at least 10 ℃.In some embodiments, fuel composition disclosed by the invention has from about 750kg/m under 15 ℃
3To about 840kg/m
3Density, and fuel composition T disclosed by the invention
90And T
10Difference between the temperature is at least 10 ℃.
On the other hand, the invention provides the fuel composition of mainly being formed by lemon alkane, farnesane and isopropyltoluene.
On the other hand, the invention provides the vehicles, the fuel container that it comprises oil engine, be connected with this oil engine and the fuel composition disclosed by the invention in the fuel container, wherein this fuel composition is used to provide power to this oil engine.In the part embodiment, this oil engine is jet engine.
On the other hand, the invention provides the method that power is provided to engine, it is included in the step of burning fuel composition disclosed by the invention in this engine.In the part embodiment, this engine is jet engine.
In the part embodiment, the lemon alkane in this fuel composition disclosed by the invention is or comprises
Or its combination.
In the part embodiment, the farnesane in this fuel composition disclosed by the invention is or comprises
Or its combination.
In the part embodiment, fuel composition disclosed by the invention is petroleum based fuels or synthol.In further embodiment, the petroleum based fuels in the fuel composition disclosed by the invention is selected from kerosene, Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B or its combination.In other embodiments, synthol is or comprises Fischer-Tropsch base fuel.In further embodiment, Fischer-Tropsch base fuel is or comprises SASOL CTL synjet.In the part embodiment, fuel composition disclosed by the invention has met ASTM D 1655 standards to Jet A, Jet A-1 or Jet B.In other embodiments, fuel composition disclosed by the invention has met the Department of Defense Standard 91-91 standard at SASOL CTL synjet.
In the part embodiment, fuel composition disclosed by the invention further comprises fuel dope.In other embodiments, fuel dope is for being selected from least a additive of oxygenating agents (oxygenate), antioxidant, thermally-stabilised modifying agent, stablizer, low temperature flow promoter, combustion modifying agent, defoamer, anti-hazing additive, corrosion inhibitor, lubricity modifying agent, deicing agent, injector cleaning additive, smoke suppressant, drag reducing additive, metal passivator, dispersion agent, sanitising agent, demulsifying compound, dyestuff, marker, antistatic agent, sterilant and combination thereof.In further embodiment, fuel dope is antioxidant.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has shown the distillation curve of some mixture of Jet A and Jet A and AMJ-300.
Fig. 2 has shown the distillation curve of some mixture of Jet A and Jet A and AMJ-310.
Fig. 3 has shown the distillation curve of some embodiment of fuel composition disclosed by the invention.
Fig. 4 has shown for some embodiment of fuel composition disclosed by the invention required relative fuel stream of lighting a fire under different burner pressure drops (dP/P).Carry out comparison with respect to the required fuel stream of Jet A-1 igniting.
Fig. 5 has shown that some embodiment for fuel composition disclosed by the invention carries out the required relative fuel stream of fuel-lean blowout under different burner pressure drops (dP/P).The fuel stream required with respect to Jet A-1 fuel-lean blowout carries out comparison.
Definition
ASTM D 1655 standards by the ASTM international publication have proposed some minimum acceptance requirements to Jet A, Jet A-1 and Jet B.
" biotechnology compound " refers to the compound by host cell (comprising archeobacteria, bacterium or eukaryotic cell or microorganism arbitrarily) generation.
" biofuel " refers to come from any fuel of biomass (i.e. Cun Huo organism or its metabolic by-prods are for example from the fertilizer of ox).Different with other natural origin such as oil, coal and nuclear fuel, biofuel is renewable energy source.
" density " refers to the quality of unit volume under specified temp.The generally accepted method of measuring fuel density is ASTM standard D4052, incorporates this paper at this into by reference.
" sulfur-bearing test " is the detection to sulphur in the petroleum based fuels (for example rocket engine fuel and kerosene).This test also can be provided at the hydrogen sulfide that may exist in the fuel and the information of elementary sulfur.The generally accepted method of measuring the fuel congealing point is ASTM standard D 4952, incorporates this paper at this into by reference.
" farnesane " refers to have formula
Compound or its steric isomer.In the part embodiment, farnesane comprises pure substantially farnesane steric isomer.In other embodiments, farnesane comprises the mixture of the steric isomer (for example enantiomer and diastereomer) of farnesane.In further embodiment, the amount of every kind of steric isomer in the farnesane mixture account for independently this farnesane mixture total weight amount from about 0.1 weight % to about 99.9 weight %, from about 0.5 weight % to about 99.5 weight %, from about 1 weight % to about 99 weight %, from about 5 weight % to about 95 weight %, from about 10 weight % to about 90 weight %, from about 20 weight % to about 80 weight %.
" flash-point " refers to make the minimum temperature that the steam above the inflammable liquid burns in air when using burning things which may cause a fire disaster.Usually each inflammable liquid has vapour pressure, and this vapour pressure is the function of the temperature of this liquid.Along with temperature rises, the vapour pressure of this liquid also rises.Along with vapour pressure rises, the concentration of the liquid of air evaporation also rises.Under flash temperature, just in time there is the liquid of q.s to be evaporated, the steam-air volume above this liquid is taken on the lower limit of flammability.For example, the flash-point of gasoline is-43 ℃ approximately, and this also is why gasoline has so high inflammableness.For the reason of safety, wish that expection has much higher flash-point for the fuel of ramjet.The generally accepted method of measuring fuel flash point is ASTM standard D 56, ASTM standard D 93, ASTM standard D 3828-98, and they all incorporate this paper into by reference.
" congealing point " refers to when being cooled until the heating of the crystal formation fuel of wax shape before, the temperature that last wax shape crystal melts.The generally accepted method of measuring the fuel congealing point is ASTM standard D 2386, incorporates this paper at this into by reference.
" fuel " refers to one or more hydrocarbon, one or more alcohol, one or more fatty acid esters or its mixture.Preferably, can use liquid hydrocarbon.Fuel can be used for providing power for the oil engine such as reciprocating engine (for example petrol engine and diesel motor), Wankel engine, jet engine, some rocket engine, missile propulsive plant and gas turbine engine.In the part embodiment, fuel comprises the mixture such as hydro carbons such as alkane, naphthenic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon usually.In other embodiments, fuel comprises lemon alkane.
" fuel dope " points to the chemical ingredients of adding in the fuel with the character (for example, improving motor performance, fuel treatment, fuel stability or pollution control) that changes this fuel.The type of additive includes but not limited to, antioxidant, thermostability improving agent, cetane number improver, stablizer, low temperature flow promoter, ignition dope, defoamer, anti-hazing additive, inhibiter, improver for lubricating performance, deicing agent, injector cleaning additive, smoke suppressant, drag reducing additive, metal passivator, dispersion agent, sanitising agent, demulsifying compound, dyestuff, marker, antistatic agent, sterilant and combination thereof.Term " conventional additives " refers to known to the skilled and do not comprise the fuel dope of lemon alkane, for example above-mentioned additive.
" fuel composition " refers to for any compound of preparation of fuels composition or the mixture of compound.There is " main fuel composition " and " secondary fuel composition ".The main fuel composition accounts for 50% volume at least in fuel composition; And the ratio of secondary fuel composition in fuel composition is less than 50%.Fuel dope is the secondary fuel composition.In some embodiments, lemon alkane can be main fuel composition or secondary fuel composition, or is present in the mixture with other fuel composition.
" fuel composition " refers to comprise the fuel of at least two kinds of fuel compositions.
" isoprenoid " and " isoprenoid compounds " is interchangeable at this, and referring to can be by the isopentenyl diphosphate derived compounds.
" isoprenoid starting raw material " refers to be generated by it isoprenoid compounds of lemon alkane.
" rocket engine fuel " refers to the fuel that is adapted at using in the jet engine.
" kerosene " refers to usually the specific distillation component of the oil (being also referred to as " crude oil ") between about 150 ℃ and about 275 ℃ under atmospheric pressure.Crude oil mainly is made up of paraffinic, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons.
" lemon alkane " refers to have the compound of following formula:
" guided missile fuel " refers to the fuel that is adapted at using in the missile propulsive plant.
" Paracymene " refers to following compound
" petroleum based fuels " referred to comprise the fuel of the distillation component of oil.
" synthol " refers to from any liquid fuel of charcoal, Sweet natural gas or biomass acquisition.
" smoke point " refers to that fuel or fuel composition are heated the point of smoldering until its decomposition.The generally accepted method of measuring the fuel smoke point is ASTM standard D 1322, incorporates this paper at this into by reference.
" viscosity " refers to that fuel or fuel composition resist measuring of distortion under shear-stress.The generally accepted method of measuring fuel viscosity is ASTM standard D 445, incorporates this paper at this into by reference.
Used hereinly do not contain one or more other compounds substantially for " pure substantially " compound compositions, namely based on the cumulative volume of said composition, said composition comprises greater than 80 volume %, greater than 90 volume %, greater than 95 volume %, greater than 96 volume %, greater than 97 volume %, greater than 98 volume %, greater than 99 volume %, greater than 99.5 volume %, greater than 99.6 volume %, greater than 99.7 volume %, greater than 99.8 volume % or greater than this compound of 99.9 volume %; Or comprise less than 20 volume %, less than 10 volume %, less than 5 volume %, less than 3 volume %, less than 1 volume %, less than 0.5 volume %, less than 0.1 volume % or less than one or more other compounds of 0.01 volume %.
" not containing substantially " used herein, certain compound compositions referred to the cumulative volume based on said composition, and said composition comprises less than 20 volume %, less than 10 volume %, less than 5 volume %, less than 4 volume %, less than 3 volume %, less than 2 volume %, less than 1 volume %, less than 0.5 volume %, less than 0.1 volume % or less than this compound of 0.01 volume %.
Term used herein " stereoisomerism is pure " refers to comprise a kind of steric isomer of certain compound and the composition of other steric isomer of this compound not substantially.For example, have the pure composition of the stereoisomerism of compound of a chiral centre will be substantially the opposite enantiomorph of this compound not.The pure composition of stereoisomerism with compound of two chiral centres will not contain other diastereomer of this compound substantially.Typical stereoisomerism pure compound comprises a kind of steric isomer and other steric isomer that is less than this compound of about 20% weight greater than this compound of about 80% weight, more preferably comprise a kind of steric isomer and other steric isomer that is less than this compound of about 10% weight greater than this compound of about 90% weight, more preferably comprise a kind of steric isomer and other steric isomer that is less than this compound of about 5% weight greater than this compound of about 95% weight, most preferably comprise a kind of steric isomer and other steric isomer that is less than this compound of about 3% weight greater than this compound of about 97% weight.
Term used herein " optical purity " refers to have the pure composition of stereoisomerism of the compound of a chiral centre.
Term used herein " racemize " or " racemic modification " refer to respect to chiral centres all in this molecule, a kind of enantiomorph of about 50% and about 50% corresponding enantiomorph.All enantiomer-pures, enantiomorph enrichment, the diastereomer that the present invention has comprised compound of the present invention is pure, diastereomer enrichment and racemic mixture.
Except above-mentioned definition, some compound as herein described has the one or more pairs of keys that can exist with Z or E isomer.In some embodiments, compound as herein described exists as the independent isomer that does not contain other isomer substantially, perhaps alternatively, exists as various mixture of isomers (for example, the racemic mixture of steric isomer).
In the following description, all numerical value disclosed by the invention are general value, no matter whether it has connected " approximately " or words such as " pacts ".They can have 1%, 2%, 5% or be the variation of 10-20% sometimes.When disclosed numerical range has lower limit R
LWith upper limit R
uThe time, any number in this scope is then specifically disclosed.Especially, following numerical value in this scope is specifically disclosed: R=R
L+ k * (R
u-R
L), wherein k is the variable that has 1% increment in 1% to 100% scope, namely k be 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 5% ..., 50%, 51%, 52 ..., 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99 or 100%.In addition, also specifically disclose by the defined any number scope of defined two R values above.
Embodiment
On the one hand, the invention provides fuel composition, it comprises:
(a) based on the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, be at least the lemon alkane of 5% volume; And
(b) based on the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, be at least the farnesane of 5% volume.
In some embodiments, the density of this fuel composition under 15 ℃ is between about 775kg/m
3With about 840kg/m
3Between.In some embodiments, the T of this fuel composition
90(90% recovery temperature) and T
10Difference between (10% recovery temperature) greater than 10 ℃, greater than 20 ℃, greater than 30 ℃, greater than 40 ℃ or greater than 50 ℃.In some embodiments, the density of this fuel composition under 15 ℃ is between about 775kg/m
3With about 840kg/m
3Between, the T of this fuel composition
90And T
10Between difference greater than 10 ℃, greater than 20 ℃, greater than 30 ℃, greater than 40 ℃ or greater than 50 ℃.
In some embodiments, based on gross weight or the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, the amount of lemon alkane counts from about 5% to about 90%, from about 5% to about 80%, from about 5% to about 70% or from about 5% to about 50% with weight or meausurement.In some embodiments, based on gross weight or the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, the amount of lemon alkane is counted at least about 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% with weight or meausurement.In some embodiments, described amount is the weight percent based on the fuel composition gross weight.In other embodiments, described amount is the volume percent based on this fuel composition cumulative volume.
In other embodiments, based on gross weight or the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, the amount that lemon alkane exists counts about at most 10%, about at most 15%, about at most 20%, about at most 25%, about at most 30%, about at most 35%, about at most 40%, about at most 45%, about at most 50%, about at most 60%, about at most 70%, at most about 80% or at most about 90% with weight or meausurement.In further embodiment, based on gross weight or the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, the amount that this lemon alkane exists counts from about 5% to about 90%, from about 7.5% to about 85%, from about 10% to about 80%, from about 15% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 75%, from about 25% to about 60% or from about 30% to about 50% with weight or meausurement.In some embodiments, described amount is the weight percent based on this fuel composition gross weight.In other embodiments, described amount is the volume percent based on this fuel composition cumulative volume.
In the part embodiment, the lemon alkane in the fuel composition disclosed by the invention is or comprises
In other embodiments, the lemon alkane in this fuel composition disclosed by the invention is or comprises
In other embodiments, the lemon alkane in this fuel composition disclosed by the invention for or comprise the mixture that contains following compound:
In the part embodiment, lemon alkane is derived from the isoprenoid starting raw material.In some embodiments, this isoprenoid starting raw material can be converted into the isoprenoid starting raw material with carbon source by host cell and prepares.
In some embodiments, based on gross weight or the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, the amount of farnesane counts from about 5% to about 70%, from about 5% to about 60%, from about 5% to about 50%, from about 5% to about 40%, from about 5% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 5% to about 25%, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 5% to about 35% or from about 10% to about 35% with weight or meausurement.In other embodiments, based on gross weight or the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, the amount of farnesane counts maximum about 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% or 60% with weight or meausurement.In further embodiment, based on gross weight or the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, the amount of farnesane is counted at least about 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% or 60% with weight or meausurement.In the part embodiment, described amount is the weight percent based on this fuel composition gross weight.In other embodiments, described amount is the volume percent based on this fuel composition cumulative volume.
In other embodiments, the farnesane in this fuel composition disclosed by the invention is or comprises
Or its combination.
In the part embodiment, farnesane is derived from the isoprenoid starting raw material.In some embodiments, the isoprenoid starting raw material can be converted into the isoprenoid starting raw material with carbon source by host cell and prepares.
In other embodiments, this fuel composition disclosed by the invention further comprises the isopropyltoluene that accounts for this fuel composition gross weight or cumulative volume at least 0.5%.In the part embodiment, isopropyltoluene disclosed by the invention can be any naturally occurring aromatic organic compounds that comprises by the phenyl ring of methyl group or isopropyl group replacement.In other embodiments, isopropyltoluene is Paracymene, an isopropyltoluene, o-cymene or its combination.In some embodiments, this fuel composition disclosed by the invention further comprises the aromatics that accounts for this fuel composition gross weight or cumulative volume at least 0.5%.In some embodiments, this aromatics is Paracymene or comprises Paracymene.Existing commercially available isopropyltoluene can be from Acros Organics, and Sigma-Aldrich or International Laboratory USA obtain.
In further embodiment, based on gross weight or the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, the amount of Paracymene counts from about 0.5% to about 40%, from about 0.5% to about 35%, from about 0.5% to about 30%, from about 0.5% to about 25%, from about 0.5% to about 20%, from about 0.5% to about 15% with weight or meausurement.In other embodiments, based on gross weight or the volume of this fuel composition, the amount of Paracymene counts from about 1% to about 35% with weight or meausurement.In other embodiments, based on gross weight or the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, the amount of Paracymene counts from about 1% to about 25%, from about 5% to about 25%, from about 1% to about 20%, from about 5% to about 20% or 10% to about 20% with weight or meausurement.
In the part embodiment, based on gross weight or the volume of this fuel composition, the total amount of the aromatics in this fuel composition (comprising any isopropyltoluene) counts from about 1% to about 50% with weight or meausurement.In other embodiments, based on gross weight or the volume of this fuel composition, the total amount of the aromatics in this fuel composition counts from about 15% to about 35% with weight or meausurement.In other embodiments, based on gross weight or the volume of this fuel composition, the total amount of the aromatics in this fuel composition counts from about 15% to about 25% with weight or meausurement.In other embodiments, based on gross weight or the volume of this fuel composition, the total amount of the aromatics in this fuel composition counts from about 5% to about 10% with weight or meausurement.In further embodiment, based on gross weight or the volume of this fuel composition, the total amount of the aromatics in this fuel composition is counted with weight or meausurement and is less than about 25%.
In other embodiments, this fuel composition further comprises petroleum based fuels.The quantity of the petroleum based fuels in this fuel composition disclosed by the invention can be about 5% to about 90%, about 5% to about 85%, about 5% to about 80%, about 5% to about 70%, about 5% to about 60% or about 5% to about 50% of this fuel composition total amount.In some embodiments, based on the total amount of this fuel composition, the amount of petroleum based fuels less than about 95%, less than about 90%, less than about 85%, less than about 75%, less than about 70%, less than about 65%, less than about 60%, less than about 55%, less than about 50%, less than about 45%, less than about 40%, less than about 35%, less than about 30%, less than about 25%, less than about 20%, less than about 15%, less than about 10%.In other embodiments, based on the total amount of this fuel composition, the amount of petroleum based fuels is at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%.In the part embodiment, described amount is the weight percent based on this fuel composition gross weight.In other embodiments, described amount is the volume percent based on this fuel composition cumulative volume.
In the part embodiment, petroleum based fuels is kerosene.Conventional kerosene is the mixture of hydrocarbon normally, has from the boiling point of about 285 to about 610 (that is, from about 140 ℃ to about 320 ℃).
In other embodiments, petroleum based fuels is rocket engine fuel.But any rocket engine fuel that the present invention's operation technique personnel are known.The U.S. detects with materialogy meeting (" ASTM ") and U.K. Ministry of Defence (" MOD ") and has taken the lead in setting and kept standard at civil aviation turbine fuel or rocket engine fuel.Closely similar by the corresponding standard that these two tissues are promulgated, but not quite identical.Numerous other countries have promulgated themselves the national regulation at rocket engine fuel, but very approaching or in full accord with ASTM or MOD standard.ASTM D 1655 is the standard specificationss at vaviation turbine fuel, and comprises the standard at Jet A, Jet A-1 and Jet B fuel.Department of Defense Standard 91-91 is the MOD standard at Jet A-1.
Jet A-1 is the most frequently used rocket engine fuel, and has formed the standard of one group of International standardization.Only in the U.S., also adopted a kind of Jet A-1 type that is called Jet A.Another kind of rocket engine fuel commonly used in civil aviaton is called as Jet B.Jet B is the lighter for ignition fuel oil of petroleum naphtha-kerosene section (naptha-kerosene region), because its performance of improving under cold snap is used.In ASTM standard D 1655, Jet A, Jet A-1 and Jet B are stipulated.
Alternatively, global army classifies to rocket engine fuel with different JP numbering systems.Some classifications are almost consistent with its civilian corresponding classification, only difference to some extent on the amount of some additives.For example, Jet A-1 and JP-8 are similar, and Jet B and JP-4 are similar.
In some embodiments, this fuel composition further comprises synthol.The present invention can adopt the synthol that obtains from charcoal, Sweet natural gas or biomass arbitrarily.In further embodiment, this synthol comprises Fischer-Tropsch base fuel, Bergius base fuel, Mobil base fuel, Karrick base fuel or its combination.In further embodiment, this synthol comprises coal-based synthetic oil-base fuel (CTL base fuel), natural gas synthetic oil base fuel (GTL base fuel), biomass base synthetic oil-base fuel (BTL base fuel), coal and biomass base synthetic oil-base fuel (CBTL base fuel) or its combination.
In some embodiments, this synthol further comprises Fischer-Tropsch base fuel.In other embodiments, this synthol further comprises Bergius base fuel.In other embodiment still, this synthol further comprises Mobil base fuel.In other embodiment still, this synthol further comprises Karrick base fuel.
In some embodiments, this synthol further comprises CTL base fuel.In other embodiments, this synthol further comprises GTL base fuel.In other embodiments, this synthol further comprises BTL base fuel.In other embodiments, this synthol further comprises CBTL base fuel.
In the part embodiment, this synthol is Fischer-Tropsch base fuel.In some embodiments, this Fischer-Tropsch base fuel is or comprises the various forms of liquid hydrocarbons that the catalyzed chemical reaction of the mixture by carbon monoxide and hydrogen generates.
The present invention can adopt any fischer-tropsch catalysts.The non-limiting example of part for the preparation of the suitable catalyst of Fischer-Tropsch base fuel is cobalt, iron, nickel and ruthenium.
In some embodiments, this fuel composition further comprises synthol.The amount of the synthol in this fuel composition disclosed by the invention can be about 5% to about 90%, about 5% to about 85%, about 5% to about 80%, about 5% to about 70%, about 5% to about 60% or about 5% to about 50% of this fuel composition total amount.In some embodiments, based on the total amount of this fuel composition, the amount of this synthol less than about 95%, less than about 90%, less than about 85%, less than about 75%, less than about 70%, less than about 65%, less than about 60%, less than about 55%, less than about 50%, less than about 45%, less than about 40%, less than about 35%, less than about 30%, less than about 25%, less than about 20%, less than about 15%, less than about 10%.In other embodiments, based on the total amount of this fuel composition, the amount of this synthol is at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%.In the part embodiment, described amount is the weight percent based on this fuel composition gross weight.In other embodiments, described amount is the volume percent based on this fuel composition cumulative volume.
The useful non-limiting example that is called as the Fischer-Tropsch base fuel of SASOL CTL synjet is used in South Africa, and has carried out standard in Department of Defense Standard 91-91.
In the part embodiment, this fuel composition further comprises fuel dope.In some embodiments, based on gross weight or the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, this fuel dope is for to count about 0.1% to about 50% with weight or meausurement.This fuel dope can be any additive well known by persons skilled in the art.In further embodiment, this fuel dope is selected from oxygenating agents, antioxidant, thermostability improving agent, stablizer, low temperature flow promoter, ignition dope, defoamer, anti-hazing additive, inhibiter, improver for lubricating performance, deicing agent, injector cleaning additive, smoke suppressant, drag reducing additive, metal passivator, dispersion agent, sanitising agent, demulsifying compound, dyestuff, marker, antistatic agent, sterilant and combination thereof.
The amount of the fuel dope in this fuel composition disclosed by the invention can be this fuel composition total amount about 0.1% to less than about 50%, about 0.2% to about 40%, about 0.3% to about 30%, about 0.4% to about 20%, about 0.5% to about 15% or about 0.5% to about 10%.In some embodiments, based on the total amount of this fuel composition, the amount of fuel dope less than about 50%, less than about 45%, less than about 40%, less than about 35%, less than about 30%, less than about 25%, less than about 20%, less than about 15%, less than about 10%, less than about 5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3%, less than about 2%, less than about 1% or less than about 0.5%.In the part embodiment, described amount is the weight percent based on this fuel composition gross weight.In other embodiments, described amount is the volume percent based on this fuel composition cumulative volume.
The exemplary example of fuel dope has hereinafter more specifically been described.One of them example is improver for lubricating performance.In some additive, the concentration of this improver for lubricating performance in fuel is from about 1ppm to about 50000ppm, preferably from about 10ppm about 20000ppm and more preferably from about 25ppm extremely in the scope of about 10000ppm extremely.The non-limiting example of the part of improver for lubricating performance comprises the ester of lipid acid.
Stablizer improves the package stability of this fuel composition.The non-limiting example of the part of stablizer comprises primary t-alkyl-amine.The concentration of stablizer in fuel composition can be about 0.001 weight % of this fuel composition gross weight to about 2 weight %, in one embodiment from about 0.01 weight % to about 1 weight %.
Ignition dope can improve the mass burning rate of this fuel composition.The non-limiting example of the part of ignition dope comprises ferrocene (biscyclo pentadienyl iron), iron-based ignition dope (for example, TURBOTECT
TMER18 comes from Turbotect (USA) Inc., Tomball, Texas), barium base ignition dope, cerium base ignition dope and iron and magnesium base ignition dope (for example, TURBOTECT
TM703, from Turbotect (USA) Inc., Tomball, Texas).The concentration of ignition dope in this fuel composition can be about 0.001 weight % of this fuel composition gross weight to about 1 weight %, in one embodiment from about 0.01 weight % to about 1 weight %.
Antioxidant prevents the formation of the gum deposit on the fuel system composition that causes owing to the oxidation of fuel in storage and/or suppresses the formation of peroxide compound in some fuel composition that the present invention uses.The concentration of antioxidant in fuel composition can be about 0.001 weight % of this fuel composition gross weight to about 5 weight %, in one embodiment from about 0.01 weight % to about 1 weight %.
The influence of the static that antistatic agent generates in the time of can reducing fuel by the high flow rate fuel transfer system.The concentration of antistatic agent in fuel composition can be about 0.001 weight % of this fuel composition gross weight to about 5 weight %, in one embodiment from about 0.01 weight % to about 1 weight %.
Inhibiter can protect the ferrous metal in the fuel processing system (for example pipeline and fuel reservoir) to avoid corrosion.Under the situation of the extra oilness of needs, can adopt the inhibiter that can improve the lubricity of said composition simultaneously.The concentration of inhibiter in fuel composition can be about 0.001 weight % of this fuel composition gross weight to about 5 weight %, in one embodiment from about 0.01 weight % to about 1 weight %.
Fuel system deicing agent (being also referred to as anti-ice additive) can reduce the congealing point owing to the cooling water of sedimentation from rocket engine fuel under the high height above sea level, and prevents the formation of ice crystal, and ice crystal flows fuel limitation to engine.Some fuel system deicing agent is useful as pesticides also.The concentration of fuel system deicing agent in fuel composition can be about 0.001 weight % of this fuel composition gross weight to about 5 weight %, in one embodiment from about 0.01 weight % to about 1 weight %.
Sterilant is used for resisting the microorganism growth of fuel composition.The concentration of sterilant in fuel composition can be about 0.001 weight % of this fuel composition gross weight to about 5 weight %, in one embodiment from about 0.01 weight % to about 1 weight %.
Metal passivator suppresses some metal (particularly copper) to the katalysis of oxidized.The concentration of metal passivator in fuel composition can be about 0.001 weight % of this fuel composition gross weight to about 5 weight %, in one embodiment from about 0.01 weight % to about 1 weight %.
The settling that the thermostability improving agent is used for the high-temperature area of inhibition flyer fuel system forms.The concentration of thermostability improving agent in fuel composition can be about 0.001 weight % of this fuel composition gross weight to about 5 weight %, in one embodiment from about 0.01 weight % to about 1 weight %.
In the part embodiment, the flash-point of this fuel composition greater than about 32 ℃, greater than about 33 ℃, greater than about 34 ℃, greater than about 35 ℃, greater than about 36 ℃, greater than about 37 ℃, greater than about 38 ℃, greater than about 39 ℃, greater than about 40 ℃, greater than about 41 ℃, greater than about 42 ℃, greater than about 43 ℃ or greater than about 44 ℃.In other embodiments, this fuel composition has the flash-point greater than 38 ℃.In specific embodiment, the flash-point of fuel composition disclosed by the invention is measured according to ASTM standard D 56.In other embodiment, the flash-point of fuel composition disclosed by the invention is measured according to ASTM standard D 93.In further embodiment, the flash-point of fuel composition disclosed by the invention is measured according to ASTM standard D3828-98.In embodiment further, the flash-point of fuel composition disclosed by the invention is measured for any conventional method of measuring fuel flash point according to known to the skilled.
In the part embodiment, this fuel composition has from about 750kg/m under 15 ℃
3To about 850kg/m
3, from about 750kg/m
3To about 845kg/m
3, from about 750kg/m
3To about 840kg/m
3, from about 760kg/m
3To about 845kg/m
3, from about 770kg/m
3To about 850kg/m
3, from about 770kg/m
3To about 845kg/m
3, from about 775kg/m
3To about 850kg/m
3, or from about 775kg/m
3To about 845kg/m
3Density.In other embodiments, this fuel composition has from about 780kg/m under 15 ℃
3To about 845kg/m
3Density.In other embodiments, this fuel composition has from about 775kg/m under 15 ℃
3To about 840kg/m
3Density.In other embodiments, this fuel composition has from about 750kg/m under 15 ℃
3To about 805kg/m
3Density.In some embodiments, the density of fuel composition disclosed by the invention is measured according to ASTM standard D 4052.In further embodiment, the density of fuel composition disclosed by the invention is measured for any conventional method of measuring fuel density according to known to the skilled.
In the part embodiment, this fuel composition has and is lower than-30 ℃, is lower than-40 ℃, is lower than-50 ℃, is lower than-60 ℃, is lower than-70 ℃ or be lower than-80 ℃ congealing point.In other embodiments, this fuel composition have from-80 ℃ to-30 ℃ approximately approximately, from-75 ℃ to-35 ℃ approximately approximately, from approximately-70 ℃ to approximately-40 ℃ or from approximately-65 ℃ to-45 ℃ congealing point approximately.In some embodiments, the congealing point of fuel composition disclosed by the invention is measured according to ASTM standard D 2386.In further embodiment, the congealing point of this fuel composition disclosed by the invention is measured for any conventional method of measuring the fuel congealing point according to known to the skilled.
In the part embodiment, this fuel composition has from about 750kg/m under 15 ℃
3To about 850kg/m
3Density, and the flash-point that is equal to or greater than 38 ℃.In some embodiments, this fuel composition has from about 750kg/m under 15 ℃
3To about 850kg/m
3Density, be equal to or greater than 38 ℃ flash-point, and be lower than-40 ℃ congealing point.In some embodiments, this fuel composition has from about 750kg/m under 15 ℃
3To about 840kg/m
3Density, be equal to or greater than 38 ℃ flash-point, and be lower than-40 ℃ congealing point.
In the part embodiment, this fuel composition has from about 140 ℃ of extremely about 170 ℃ initial boiling points.In other embodiments, this fuel composition have from about 180 ℃ to about 300 ℃ full boiling point.In other embodiments, this fuel composition have about 140 ℃ to about 170 ℃ initial boiling points and about 180 ℃ to about 300 ℃ full boiling point.In some embodiments, this fuel composition has reached the distillation standard of ASTM D 86.
In the part embodiment, this fuel composition has rocket engine fuel thermooxidizing test (JFTOT) temperature that is equal to or greater than 245 ℃.In other embodiments, this fuel composition has and is equal to or greater than 250 ℃, is equal to or greater than 255 ℃, is equal to or greater than 260 ℃ or be equal to or greater than 265 ℃ JFTOT temperature.
In the part embodiment, this fuel composition has less than 6mm under-20 ℃
2/ sec, less than 7mm
2/ sec, less than 8mm
2/ sec, less than 9mm
2/ sec or less than 10mm
2The viscosity of/sec.In some embodiments, the viscosity of fuel composition disclosed by the invention is measured according to ASTM standard D 445.
In some other embodiment, this fuel composition has under 15 ℃ between 750 and 840kg/m
3Between density, have and be equal to or greater than 38 ℃ flash-point; And the congealing point that is lower than-40 ℃.In other embodiments, petroleum based fuels is Jet A, and this fuel composition has met ASTM D 1655 standards at Jet A.In the part embodiment, this fuel composition is Fischer-Tropsch base fuel, and it meets ASTM D 1655 standards at Jet A.In other embodiments, petroleum based fuels is Jet A-1, and this fuel composition has met ASTM D 1655 standards at Jet A-1.In the part embodiment, this fuel composition is Fischer-Tropsch base fuel, and it meets ASTM D 1655 standards at Jet A-1.In other embodiments, this petroleum based fuels is Jet B, and this fuel composition meets ASTM D 1655 standards at Jet B.In the part embodiment, this fuel composition is Fischer-Tropsch base fuel, and it meets ASTM D 1655 standards at Jet B.
On the other hand, the invention provides fuel composition, it comprises (a) between about 15% and the lemon alkane of about 60% volume; (b) between about 5% and the farnesane of about 45% volume; (c) from about 0.5% Paracymene to about 25% volume; And (d) at least about petroleum based fuels or the synthol (for example, Fischer-Tropsch base fuel) of 20% volume, wherein all amount is based on the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, and this fuel composition has from about 750kg/m under 15 ℃
3To about 840kg/m
3Density, and T
90And T
10Difference between the temperature is at least 10 ℃.
In other embodiments, T
90And T
10Difference between the temperature is at least 20 ℃, be at least 30 ℃, be at least 40 ℃, be at least 50 ℃, be at least 60 ℃, be at least 70 ℃ or greater than 75 ℃.
On the other hand, the invention provides fuel composition, it comprises (a) between about 15% and the lemon alkane of about 30% volume; (b) between about 10% and the farnesane of about 30% volume; (c) from about 0.5% Paracymene to about 20% volume; (d) at least about petroleum based fuels or the synthol (for example, Fischer-Tropsch base fuel) of 40% volume, and (d) fuel dope, wherein all amounts are based on the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, and this fuel composition has from about 750kg/m under 15 ℃
3To about 840kg/m
3Density, be equal to or greater than 38 ℃ flash-point, be lower than-40 ℃ congealing point, and T
90And T
10Difference between the temperature is at least 10 ℃.In the part embodiment, this fuel dope is at least a additive that is selected from oxygenating agents, antioxidant, thermally-stabilised modifying agent, stablizer, low temperature flow promoter, combustion modifying agent, defoamer, anti-hazing additive, corrosion inhibitor, lubricity modifying agent, deicing agent, injector cleaning additive, smoke suppressant, drag reducing additive, metal passivator, dispersion agent, sanitising agent, demulsifying compound, dyestuff, marker, antistatic agent, sterilant and combination thereof.In other embodiments, this fuel dope is antioxidant.
In other embodiments, above-mentioned fuel composition meets ASTM D 1655 standards at Jet A-1.In other embodiments, this fuel composition meets ASTM D 1655 standards at Jet A.In other embodiments, this fuel composition meets ASTM D 1655 standards at Jet B.
On the other hand, the invention provides the fuel composition of mainly being formed by lemon alkane, farnesane and isopropyltoluene.
The application of fuel composition
Fuel composition disclosed by the invention can be stored in the fuel container (as fuel container) or be received.Fuel container is the safety container of inflammable liquid normally.In the part embodiment, this fuel container is the part of internal-combustion engine system, and fuel storage and advances or discharges into oil engine with the pressurized gas form by petrolift therein.The present invention can use the fuel container that can store or receive one or more liquid fuels arbitrarily.The non-limiting example of the part of suitable fuel container comprises vehicle fuel such as fuel tanks of automobile and aircraft fuel tank; Ground or underground (for example, the service station) fuel container, the case on the transport vehicle such as tanker truck, tank train and oil tanker.In some embodiments, fuel container can be connected to miscellaneous equipment or device, as power tool, generator and oil engine.
Fuel container can be of different sizes and complicacy, from the small plastic jar of butane lighter until multicell low temperature spaceship external box of microvave.Fuel container can be made by plastics such as polyethylene (for example, HDPE and UHDPE) or metal such as steel or aluminium.
In the part embodiment, fuel composition disclosed by the invention is stored in the aircraft fuel tank, and discharges into oil engine by the petrolift propelling or with the pressurized gas form, to start flyer.Aircraft fuel tank can be integral fuel cell, firm removable fuel container, cryptomere fuel container or its combination.
In some embodiments, fuel container is integral fuel cell.This integral fuel cell is the zone of this airframe inside normally, and it is sealed to carry out bunkering.The example of this type is " the integral tank wing " that is usually used in the big flyer.Most large-scale transportation flyers use integral fuel cell usually, and its wing and/or afterbody at this aircraft is stored fuel.
In the part embodiment, fuel container is firm removable fuel container.This firm removable fuel container is installed in usually and is designed in the compartment that holds this fuel container.They are made of metal usually, and can be removed to check, change or keep in repair.Flyer does not rely on this casing and obtains structural integrity.This class casing is present in the less aerospacecraft commonly used usually.
In some embodiments, fuel container is the cryptomere fuel container.This cryptomere fuel container normally is installed in through design and holds in the bag that the reinforced stock in the part in the airframe of this weight of fuel handles.This cryptomere fuel container can be rolled-up and be entered compartment by oil filler pipe or access panel, and can fix by metal button or the snapper of compartment interior.The cryptomere fuel container is present in many high-performance light flyers and some less turboprop aircraft usually.
Fuel composition disclosed by the invention can be used for providing power for any apparatus (for example reserve generator or oil engine) of needs fuel (for example, rocket engine fuel or guided missile fuel).One aspect of the present invention provides the fuel system that fuel is provided for oil engine, and wherein this fuel system has comprised the fuel container that contains fuel composition disclosed by the invention.This fuel system randomly further comprises engine-cooling system with recirculation engine coolant, connect the fuel tube of this fuel container and oil engine and/or be arranged on fuel filter on the fuel tube.The non-limiting example of some of oil engine comprises reciprocating engine (for example, petrol engine and diesel motor), Wankel engine, jet engine, some rocket engine and gas turbine engine.
In the part embodiment, fuel container and described cooling system are set together, thereby allow to carry out heat passage from the fuel composition of recirculation engine coolant in the fuel container.In other embodiments, fuel system further comprises second fuel container that contains second fuel that is useful on jet engine and second fuel tube that is connected this second fuel container and this engine.Randomly, this first and second fuel tube can be equipped with electromagnetic control valve, and this valve can be independently of one another or synchronously opens or cut out.In further embodiment, this second fuel is Jet A.
On the other hand, provide engine installation, it comprises oil engine, contain the fuel container of fuel composition disclosed by the invention, connect the fuel tube of this fuel container and oil engine.Randomly, this engine installation further comprises fuel filter and/or contains the engine-cooling system of recirculation engine coolant.In the part embodiment, this oil engine is diesel motor.In other embodiments, this oil engine is jet engine.
When using fuel composition disclosed by the invention, wish before being injected into engine, to remove the particulate in this fuel composition.Therefore, wish in fuel system disclosed by the invention, to select for use suitable fuel filter.Water in the fuel that uses in oil engine even quantity is few, can cause great harm to this engine.Therefore, moisture is wherein removed in hope before with the fuel composition injection engine.In the part embodiment, can remove water and particulate by the fuel filter that adopts the turbine type whizzer, wherein water and degree that particulate separates from this fuel composition make that fuel composition after filtering can injection engine and do not bring the risk of damaging this engine.Certainly, also can adopt the fuel filter of other type to make a return journey dewaters and/or particulate.
Another aspect of the present invention provides the vehicles, and it comprises oil engine, contain the fuel container of fuel composition disclosed by the invention, connect the fuel tube of this fuel container and oil engine.Randomly, these vehicles further comprise fuel filter and/or contain the engine-cooling system of recirculation engine coolant.The non-limiting example of the part of the vehicles comprises automobile, motorcycle, train, steamer and flyer.
On the other hand, the vehicles are provided, the fuel tube that it comprises oil engine, contains the fuel container of fuel composition disclosed by the invention and connect this fuel container and oil engine.Randomly, these vehicles further comprise fuel filter and/or contain the engine-cooling system of recirculation engine coolant.The non-limiting example of the part of the vehicles comprises automobile, motorcycle, train, steamer and flyer.
The method for preparing lemon alkane, farnesane and isopropyltoluene
Except embodiments of the invention, the isoprenoid starting raw material can comprise biological method, chemosynthesis and blending means by any means preparation known in the art.When preparing the isoprenoid starting raw material by biological method, can adopt through improvement to generate the host cell of required product.Lemon alkane can be prepared by the hydrogenation to various types of isoprene starting raw material (for example, limonene, β-phellandrene, γ-Song Youxi, terpinolene).Prepare limonene, β-phellandrene, γ-Song Youxi, terpinolene and the method that its hydrogenation becomes lemon alkane is described in PCT publication number WO 2007/140339, Application No. 11/986,484 and 11/986,485 and international application no PCT/US2007/024270 and PCT/US2007/024266 in, described application is by with reference to the complete this paper that incorporates into.Farnesane can by to isoprenoid starting raw material α-and the hydrogenation of β-farnesene prepare.Prepare α-and β-farnesene and the method that its hydrogenation becomes farnesane is described in U.S. Patent number 7,399, in 323, it is by with reference to the complete this paper that incorporates into.Isopropyltoluene can be prepared by the hydrogenation to lemon alkane, it also is described in U. S. application number 11/986,484 and 11/986,485 and international application no PCT/US2007/024270 and PCT/US2007/024266 in, described application is by with reference to the complete this paper that incorporates into.
Business method
One aspect of the present invention relates to business method, it comprises: (a) by using recombinant host cell that sugar is carried out the biofuel that fermentation reaction obtains to comprise the lemon alkane of being derived by the isoprenoid starting raw material, wherein this recombinant host cell generates the isoprenoid starting raw material; (b) market and/or sell described biofuel.
In other embodiments, the invention provides the method that dealer, undertaker and/or user to fuel sold or distributed biofuel of the present invention, this method comprises carries out advertising and/or offering for sale to biofuel disclosed by the invention.In further embodiment, biofuel disclosed by the invention can have physics or the market characteristics of improvement with respect to natural fuel or the biofuel counterpart that contains ethanol.
In some embodiments, the invention provides and establish partnership with existing petroleum refining merchant or cooperate or authorize its permission biofuel disclosed by the invention is mixed into the method for petroleum based fuels (for example gasoline, rocket engine fuel, kerosene, diesel oil fuel or its combination).In another embodiment, the invention provides and establish partnership with existing petroleum refining merchant or cooperate or authorize it and (for example permit to process, hydrogenation, hydrocracking, cracking, be further purified) biofuel disclosed by the invention, thus make its modified method with useful attribute.Existing petroleum refining merchant can carry out further chemically modified as raw material with biofuel disclosed by the invention, and its finished product can be used as the mixing element of fuel or fuel composition.
In embodiment, the invention provides and establish partnership with existing synthol manufacturer or cooperate or authorize its permission biofuel disclosed by the invention is mixed into the method for synthol (for example Fischer-Tropsch base fuel, turbodiesel, CTL synjet or its combination).In another embodiment, the invention provides and establish partnership with existing synthol manufacturer or cooperate or authorize it and (for example permit to process, hydrogenation, hydrocracking, cracking, be further purified) biofuel disclosed by the invention, thus make its modified method with useful attribute.Existing synthol manufacturer can carry out further chemically modified as raw material with biofuel disclosed by the invention, and its finished product can be used as the mixing element of fuel or fuel composition.
In further embodiment, the invention provides and establish partnership with the manufacturer who obtains sugar from renewable resources (for example, cereal, sugarcane, bagasse or lignocellulosic material) or cooperate or authorize it and permit the method for utilizing these renewable sugared sources to produce biofuel disclosed by the invention.In the part embodiment, can use tradition source cereal and the sugarcane of sugar.In other embodiments, can be with the lignocellulosic material (agricultural waste, grain hay or biomass farm crop such as withy grass and cattail and reed) of the cheapness source as sugar.According to method disclosed by the invention, the production that the sugar that comes from these cheap sources can be dropped into biofuel disclosed by the invention.
In some embodiments, the invention provides and produce from renewable resources (for example, cereal, sugarcane, bagasse or lignocellulosic material) and/or use the Chemical Manufacture merchant of sugar to establish partnership or cooperate or authorize it and permit to utilize the method for producing biofuel disclosed by the invention available from the sugar of renewable resources.
Embodiment
Following examples are only made the usefulness of elaboration, the scope that does not limit the present invention in any way.
Unless indicate separately, enforcement of the present invention can adopt routine techniques in the biosynthesizing industry etc. to carry out, and described technology is in the art technology scope.For this type of technology that the present invention does not describe fully, people can find the detailed reference relevant for these technology in scientific and technical literature.
In following examples, (for example endeavoured to ensure used numeral, quantity, temperature etc.) accuracy, but should allow and change and deviation, and when there is clerical error in the numerical value at this report, the numerical value that those skilled in the art should be able to be correct according to the open release of this paper rest part.Unless indicate separately, temperature is reported as degree centigrade, and pressure equals or near the normal atmosphere of sea level.Unless indicate separately, all reagent is to buy and obtains.Following examples are only made the usefulness of elaboration, the scope that does not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment has been described by α-farnesene hydrogenation and has been obtained farnesane.(204g, 255mL) is added in the 500mL Parr high pressure vessel that contains 10%Pd/C (5g, the α-farnesene of 5% weight) by 1 mole with α-farnesene.With reaction vessel sealing, emptying is 5 minutes under vacuum, then under 25 ℃ with H
2This reaction mixture is pressurized to 35psi.This reaction mixture that vibrates is until not observing H
2The further decline of pressure (about 16 hours).Under vacuum with unnecessary H
2Gas removes, and is disposed to N subsequently
2In the atmosphere.Thin-layer chromatography (" TLC ", R
f=0.95, hexane, p-anisaldehyde dyeing or iodine) completely dissolve of demonstration reactant.Through silica gel (
From Aldrich) this reaction content of pad vacuum filtration, then with hexane (2L) washing silica gel.With the Rotary Evaporators concentrated filtrate.The further dry product that separates to remove residual hexane, obtains the farnesane (195g, 244mL, 95%) of colourless liquid shape under high vacuum.1H-NMR (CDCl
3, 500MHz): δ 1.56-1.11 (m, 17H), 0.88-0.79 (overlapping t﹠amp; D, 15H).
It is farnesane that present embodiment has been described β-farnesene hydrogenation.
Add 10 weight %Pd/C (doing) catalyzer of 4kg (4.65L=1.23 gallon) farnesene liquid and 75g to 2 gallons reactors.Obtain the primary catalyst carrying capacity of 16.13g/L thus.With container sealing, with nitrogen purge, vacuumize then.Begin to stir, and add compression hydrogen continuously with 100psig.Reactor is heated to 80 ℃.Total reaction time is about 48 hours.Detect through GC-FID, the farnesane final concentration is 99.76%.Cool off this reactor, ventilate, open.Use 0.5 micron cartridge filter reaction mixture to be filtered in 21 gallon the vial then.
If desired, this product can be further purified by distillation.Exemplary 1L distillation scheme below is provided.With the farnesane of the about 1L 2L round-bottomed flask of packing into, have water-cooled still head and the Vigreaux column that is connected with joint on this flask.Stirred liq, and be evacuated to 14Torr.At this moment, with this liquid heat to 155 ℃, and flask wrapped in the glass wool with aluminium foil.When heating, liquid is become light yellow by clarification.Under 120 ℃, begin to occur steam.Before stopping, distillation collects the clarification farnesane of about 950mL.
Embodiment 3
It is uncle lemon alkane that present embodiment has been described limonene hydrogenation.
Amount with 6g/L is added limonene and 10%Pd/C catalyzer [palladium of 10 weight % on the gac, Aldrich#205699] to reaction vessel.With container sealing, with nitrogen purge, vacuumize by vacuum system then.For starting reaction, when stirring this container, under 80psig, add compression hydrogen.At room temperature carry out gentle thermopositive reaction.Final transformation efficiency is about 100%, and this can hydrogen consumption end up being sign, and confirms by gas-chromatography and flame ion detection.This product-catalyst mixture can through
Silica gel separates by gravity filtration.This end product concentration expection is mainly lemon alkane, with the Paracymene that is less than 5%.
It is most lemon alkane and some Paracymenes that present embodiment has been described limonene hydrogenation.
Amount with 6g/L is added limonene and 10%Pd/C catalyzer [palladium of 10 weight % on the gac, Aldrich#205699] to reaction vessel.With container sealing, with nitrogen purge, vacuumize by vacuum system then.Stir this container, temperature is increased to 105 ℃ simultaneously.With the compression hydrogen of 80psig interpolation original bulk, amounting to addition is every mole of about 0.05 moles of hydrogen of limonene.Because the consumption of hydrogen, pressure will drop to zero.After 12 hours reaction times, temperature drops to 75 ℃, and adds compression hydrogen continuously with 80psig.Final transformation efficiency is about 100%, and this can hydrogen consumption end up being sign, and confirms by gas-chromatography and flame ion detection.This product-catalyst mixture can through
Silica gel separates by gravity filtration.The product final concentration is contemplated to the lemon alkane between about 80% and about 90%, and the Paracymene between about 10% and about 20%.
Embodiment 5
It is lemon alkane and Paracymene that present embodiment has been described limonene hydrogenation.
Amount with 6g/L is added limonene and 10%Pd/C catalyzer [palladium of 10 weight % on the gac, Aldrich#205699] to reaction vessel.With container sealing, with nitrogen purge, vacuumize by vacuum system then.Stir this container, temperature is increased to 120 ℃ simultaneously.With the compression hydrogen of 80psig interpolation original bulk, amounting to addition is every mole of about 0.05 moles of hydrogen of limonene.Because the consumption of hydrogen, pressure will drop to zero.The initial interpolation of hydrogen allows to form 4-sec.-propyl-1-methyl cyclohexane-1-alkene, and the latter can easily be converted into Paracymene.After 12 hours reaction times, temperature drops to 75 ℃, and adds compression hydrogen continuously with 80psig.Final transformation efficiency is about 100%, and this can hydrogen consumption end up being sign, and confirms by gas-chromatography and flame ion detection.This product-catalyst mixture can through
Silica gel separates by gravity filtration.The product final concentration is contemplated to the lemon alkane between about 70% and about 80%, and the Paracymene between about 20% and about 30%.
In the various ASTM tests at the D1655 of Jet A, detect three kinds of fuel compositions that are called as AMD-200, AMJ-300 and AMJ-310.AMD-200 comprises 99.76% farnesane.AMJ-300 comprises 97.1% lemon alkane and 1.6% Paracymene.AMJ-300 comprises 1.3% unidentified compound, and wherein 0.9% is considered to 2,6-dimethyl octane.AMJ-310 comprises 81.0% lemon alkane and 17.5% Paracymene, and mixes with 0%, 50% and 80%Jet A.AMJ-310 comprises 1.5% unidentified compound, and wherein 0.9% is considered to 2,6-dimethyl octane.The composition of AMD-200, AMJ-300 and AMJ-310 can be identified by gas-chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID).
As shown in table 1, the distillating property of AMJ-300 and AMJ-310 is similar, because lemon alkane has similar boiling temperature with isopropyltoluene.
Embodiment 7
Fig. 1 and 2 has shown AMJ-300 and the distillation curve of AMJ-310 with the various mixtures of the Jet A of different amounts respectively.Fuel composition (being called AMJ-300) comprises 97.1% lemon alkane and 1.6% Paracymene.AMJ-300 comprises 1.3% unidentified compound, and wherein 0.9% is considered to 2,6-dimethyl octane.The fuel composition (being called AMJ-310) that comprises 81.0% lemon alkane and 17.5% Paracymene mixes with 0%, 50% and 80%Jet A.AMJ-310 comprises 1.5% unidentified compound, and wherein 0.9% is considered to 2,6-dimethyl octane.The composition of AMJ-300 and AMJ-310 can be identified by gas-chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID).
All depart from the distillation curve of Jet A with AMJ-300 and the mixed distillation curve of AMJ-310.It is believed that two kinds of fuel all show as is similar to single composition fuel (based on the similarity between lemon alkane and the isopropyltoluene with regard to boiling point).
In order to simulate the Jet A distillation curve of (it can comprise hundreds of compounds) better, added the compound that boiling point is higher than lemon alkane and isopropyltoluene.Two kinds of new fuel composition fuel A and fuel B are mixed.
Fuel B (being also referred to as AMJ-700) comprises 50% lemon alkane, 10% isopropyltoluene and 40% farnesane.Fuel A is 50%AMJ-700 and 50%Jet A, has therefore comprised 25% lemon alkane, 5% isopropyltoluene, 20% farnesane and 50%Jet A.Table 2 has hereinafter shown the D1655 character of Jet A, fuel A and fuel B.
Fig. 3 has shown the distillation curve of fuel A and B.These fuel that mix with Jet A can be simulated the distillation curve of Jet A.
Comparative Example A An
Comparative Example A An is by Air Force Research Laboratory (Dayton, the Jet A-1 that OH) provides.
Embodiment 8
Embodiment 8 is AMJ-310.AMJ-310 comprises 81.0% lemon alkane and 17.5% Paracymene, and mixes with 0%, 50% and 80%Jet A.AMJ-310 comprises 1.5% unidentified compound, wherein 0.9% it is believed that it is 2,6-dimethyl octane.
Embodiment 9
Embodiment 9 is the fuel compositions that are mixed with by with 50%AMJ-310 and 50%JET A-1.
Embodiment 11
Embodiment 11 is the fuel compositions that are mixed with by with 10%AMJ-310 and 90%JET A-1.
Igniting detects
Combustion chamber equipment in key detects test implementation example 8-11 in (that is, igniting detects).When thereby engine speed has generated the correct proportions of enough combustion air formation air and institute's supplied fuel, can light a fire.Because fuel stream highly depends on envrionment conditions (comprising envrionment temperature and environmental stress), the amount of leading to the fuel stream of gas turbine engine can be used as combustion gas vortex engine function of speed and carries out ACTIVE CONTROL, thereby realizes the correct fuel-air ratio that igniting is required.All detection (T
3) in fuel and the temperature of combustion air be-30F.Igniting detects to be carried out under various burner pressure drops (being dP/P).Although tried the nominal dP/P condition of combustion chamber between 4.5 and 4.7%, the dP/P condition during igniting detects originates in 2% low condition.Then, (4%) and high (6%) condition during the dP/P condition is risen to.Because dP/P is measuring of airflow, higher dP/P condition is equivalent to higher airflow.The amount of carrying out the fuel stream of the required Jet A-1 of igniting is set to baseline, and has measured the variation of the fuel stream of carrying out the required embodiment 8-11 of igniting.
Fig. 4 has shown the fuel stream required with respect to the igniting of Jet A-1, the fuel stream that embodiment 8-11 lights a fire required under different dP/P.Because the fuel flow demand that some fuel composition reduces can be positive result, as shown in Figure 4, embodiment 8,9 and 11 is better than Jet A-1 performance under the high dP/P condition of neutralization, but slightly poorer than Jet A-1 under low dP/P condition.The performance of embodiment 10 under all dP/P conditions all is better than Jet A-1.
Fuel-lean blowout detects
Detect at combustion chamber equipment in (being that fuel-lean blowout detects) and test four kinds of fuel compositions that are called as embodiment 8-11.Fuel-lean blowout (LBO) fuel/air mixture ratio is the design requirement of combustion gas eddy current fuel injector that on stream must be satisfied.Usually, should keep the LBO fuel/air mixture ratio of combustion chamber, flame-out to avoid taking place when the quick engine retard of high height above sea level, when lighting a fire again, keeps high height above sea level burning simultaneously.The amount of the fuel of the Jet A-1 that fuel-lean blowout is required stream is set to baseline, and has measured the variation of the fuel stream of the required embodiment 8-11 of fuel-lean blowout.
Fig. 5 has shown that under the different pressures climbing speed some embodiment of fuel composition disclosed by the invention is with respect to the fuel-lean blowout of Jet A-1.As shown in Figure 5, embodiment 8-11 is better than Jet A-1 performance under the high dP/P condition of neutralization, but slightly poorer than Jet A-1 under low dP/P condition.The embodiment 10 that comprises 50% lemon alkane and 40% farnesane shows under middle dP/P condition and is better than embodiment 8,9 and 11.
Although the present invention is described by limited amount embodiment, the concrete feature of an embodiment is other embodiment of the present invention due to not.The independent embodiment of none can represent all aspects of the theme of advocating.In the embodiment of part, composition or method can comprise multiple in this NM compound or step.In other embodiments, composition or method do not comprise or are not included in any compound or the step that this does not enumerate substantially.Existence is to variation and the change of embodiment of the present invention.The application that it should be noted that jet fuel compositions disclosed by the invention is not limited to jet engine; It can be used for any equipment that needs rocket engine fuel.Although for most rocket engine fuel existential specifications, be not all requirements that all jet fuel compositions disclosed by the invention need satisfy these standards.It should be noted that in conjunction with a plurality of steps and described the method for preparing and use rocket engine fuel disclosed by the invention.These steps can any order be implemented.Can omit or merge one or more steps, but still realize essentially identical result.Claims are intended to cover this type of variation and the change that all fall into the scope of the invention.
Related all publications and patent application be all by with reference to incorporating this paper in this specification sheets, and it is quoted degree and is all indicated especially separately by with reference to incorporating this paper into as each independent publication and patent application.Although for the ease of understanding, by the mode of explaination and embodiment aforementioned invention is described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art should easily understand according to instruction of the present invention, can carry out certain change and adjustment to the present invention under the situation of the spirit and scope that do not deviate from claims.
Claims (26)
1. fuel composition, it comprises:
(a) based on the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, be at least the lemon alkane of 5% volume; And
(b) based on the cumulative volume of this fuel composition, be at least the farnesane of 5% volume.
2. fuel composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the density of this fuel composition under 15 ℃ is 775kg/m
3To 840kg/m
3
3. fuel composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein this fuel composition further comprises the Paracymene that is at least 0.5% volume based on the cumulative volume of this fuel composition.
4. fuel composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein this fuel composition further comprises petroleum based fuels.
5. fuel composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein this fuel composition further comprises Fischer-Tropsch base fuel.
6. fuel composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein this farnesane is
Or its combination.
7. fuel composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein this lemon alkane is
8. fuel composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein this fuel composition further comprises fuel dope, and this fuel dope is selected from oxygenating agents, antioxidant, thermally-stabilised modifying agent, stablizer, low temperature flow promoter, combustion modifying agent, defoamer, anti-hazing additive, corrosion inhibitor, lubricity modifying agent, deicing agent, injector cleaning additive, smoke suppressant, drag reducing additive, metal passivator, dispersion agent, sanitising agent, demulsifying compound, dyestuff, marker, antistatic agent, sterilant and combination thereof.
9. fuel composition as claimed in claim 1, it comprises:
(a) the lemon alkane of 15% to 60% volume;
(b) farnesane of 5% to 45% volume;
(c) Paracymene of 0.5% to 25% volume; And
(d) petroleum based fuels of at least 20% volume or Fischer-Tropsch base fuel,
Wherein all amount is all based on the cumulative volume of this fuel composition.
10. fuel composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein this fuel composition has 750kg/m under 15 ℃
3To 840kg/m
3Density, and T
90And T
10Difference between the temperature is at least 10 ℃.
11. fuel composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein this lemon alkane is
Or its combination.
12. fuel composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein this farnesane is
13. fuel composition as claimed in claim 9, it comprises the petroleum based fuels that is selected from kerosene, Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B and combination thereof.
14. fuel composition as claimed in claim 1, it comprises:
(a) the lemon alkane of 15% to 30% volume;
(b) farnesane of 10% to 30% volume;
(c) Paracymene of 0.5% to 20% volume;
(d) petroleum based fuels of at least 40% volume or Fischer-Tropsch base fuel; And
(e) fuel dope,
Wherein all amount is all based on the cumulative volume of this fuel composition.
15. fuel composition as claimed in claim 14, wherein this fuel composition has 750kg/m under 15 ℃
3To 840kg/m
3Density, and T
90And T
10Difference between the temperature is at least 10 ℃.
16. fuel composition as claimed in claim 14, wherein this fuel dope is at least a additive that is selected from oxygenating agents, antioxidant, thermally-stabilised modifying agent, stablizer, low temperature flow promoter, combustion modifying agent, defoamer, anti-hazing additive, corrosion inhibitor, lubricity modifying agent, deicing agent, injector cleaning additive, smoke suppressant, drag reducing additive, metal passivator, dispersion agent, sanitising agent, demulsifying compound, dyestuff, marker, antistatic agent, sterilant and combination thereof.
17. fuel composition as claimed in claim 14, wherein this fuel dope is antioxidant.
18. fuel composition as claimed in claim 14, wherein this fuel composition comprises petroleum based fuels.
19. fuel composition as claimed in claim 14, wherein this fuel composition meets the ASTM D1655 standard to Jet A.
20. fuel composition as claimed in claim 14, wherein this fuel composition meets the ASTM D1655 standard to JetA-1.
21. fuel composition as claimed in claim 14, wherein this fuel composition meets the ASTM D1655 standard to JetB.
22. fuel composition as claimed in claim 14, wherein this fuel composition comprises Fischer-Tropsch base fuel.
23. the vehicles, it comprises oil engine, the fuel container that is connected with this oil engine and the fuel composition in this fuel container, wherein this fuel composition is any described fuel composition of claim 1-22, and wherein this fuel composition is used to provide power to this oil engine.
24. the vehicles as claimed in claim 23, wherein this oil engine is jet engine.
25. provide the method for power to engine, it is included in the step of any described fuel composition of burning claim 1-22 in this engine.
26. method as claimed in claim 25, wherein this engine is jet engine.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9781308P | 2008-09-17 | 2008-09-17 | |
| US61/097,813 | 2008-09-17 | ||
| US32948308A | 2008-12-05 | 2008-12-05 | |
| US12/329,483 | 2008-12-05 | ||
| US12/393,024 US7589243B1 (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2009-02-25 | Jet fuel compositions |
| US12/393,024 | 2009-02-25 | ||
| PCT/US2009/005158 WO2010033183A2 (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2009-09-16 | Jet fuel compositions |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102209768A CN102209768A (en) | 2011-10-05 |
| CN102209768B true CN102209768B (en) | 2013-09-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200980144962.1A Active CN102209768B (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2009-09-16 | Fuel compositions comprising limonane and farnesane |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102209768B (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5186722A (en) * | 1991-06-25 | 1993-02-16 | Cantrell Research, Incorporated | Hydrocarbon-based fuels from biomass |
| WO2008045555A2 (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2008-04-17 | Amyris Biotechnologies, Inc. | Fuel compositions comprising farnesane and farnesane derivatives and method of making and using same |
-
2009
- 2009-09-16 CN CN200980144962.1A patent/CN102209768B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5186722A (en) * | 1991-06-25 | 1993-02-16 | Cantrell Research, Incorporated | Hydrocarbon-based fuels from biomass |
| WO2008045555A2 (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2008-04-17 | Amyris Biotechnologies, Inc. | Fuel compositions comprising farnesane and farnesane derivatives and method of making and using same |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102209768A (en) | 2011-10-05 |
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