CN102297425A - Pulverized coal decoupling combustor and decoupling combustion method thereof - Google Patents
Pulverized coal decoupling combustor and decoupling combustion method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pulverized coal decoupling combustor and a decoupling combustion method thereof. The decoupling combustor comprises a first-stage air duct (12), an inertia separator (11), air current conduits and a spout which are sequentially connected along the air current direction, wherein the air current conduits comprise a dense side air current conduit (7) and a fresh side air current conduit (8); the fresh side air current conduit (8) is communicated with a third-stage spout (1); the dense side air current conduit (7) is connected with a first-stage spout (3); a second-stage spout conduit (6) communicated with the dense side air current conduit (7) is led out of a pipeline between the dense side air current conduit (7) and the first-stage spout (3) on the dense side air current conduit (7); the second-stage spout conduit (6) is communicated with a second-stage spout (2); the first-stage spout (3) is a gradually-increasing spout; a pair of pulverized coal collecting flame stabilizing devices (4) is oppositely arranged at the upper side and the lower side inside the front end of the first-stage spout (3); the cross sections of the pulverized coal collecting flame stabilizing devices (4) along the air current direction is gradually increased; and the area of the cross section of an air current channel is decreased along the air current direction, thus the coupling combustion is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the coal-dust combustion device field, particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of coal dust decoupling burning device and decoupling burning method thereof.
Background technology
In the practical application of coal dust firing, along with coal air mixture in the ignition temperature of combustion phases and the raising of oxygen concentration, coal dust is easier fast, abundant after-flame, the content of fly ash combustible material in the flue gas (uncompleted burned carbon and CO) reduces; Simultaneously, high-temperature oxygen-enrichedly can make the NO that generates in the combustion process again
xSignificantly improve; On the other hand, coal air mixture helps suppressing nitrogen oxide NO more in that the ignition temperature of combustion phases and oxygen concentration are low more
xGenerate, but coal dust more is difficult for after-flame.Thereby, the fly ash combustible material and the NO of releasing coal dust firing
xThe coupling emission problem be long-standing technological difficulties on the combustion technology.
At present, the low NO that is applicable to pulverized coal firing boiler that has developed
xCombustion technology mainly contains air classification combustion technology, fuel-staged combustion technology, flue gas recirculation combustion technology etc.Because aforesaid coupling discharging relation, these several technology often can only stress the solution of an aspect problem, not only can not deal with problems up hill and dale, also bring many other problems simultaneously.For example macroscopical air classification combustion technology reduces NO
xEfficient lower, simultaneously delayed in the stage of oxygen-enriched combusting, the coke of extremely difficult after-flame and semicoke are postponed till the low-temperature burning district and are removed after-flame, cause the content of fly ash combustible material to increase, and in the burner hearth on a large scale reducing atmosphere also make the high temperature corrosion probability of burner hearth coking and water-cooling wall increase greatly; The fuel-staged combustion technology only when using combustion gas and light oil etc. based on the secondary fuel of hydrocarbon compound, just has higher NO
xReduction efficiency and maintenance are than high burning efficiency, but this scheme sharply increases fuel cost, equipment investment and maintenance cost, so domestic application is less.The flue gas recirculation combustion technology reduces NO
xLower, equipment investment of efficient and operation and maintenance cost higher, also can increase the content of fly ash combustible material in the flue gas simultaneously, reduce boiler efficiency, this scheme seldom adopts now.
The coal dust low NO of having developed at present adopts the mode of Pulverized Coal Concentration after-combustion more, can reduce NO to a certain extent
xDischarging, but because thickening efficiency is not high, the A/C (ratio of air quality and quality of pc) of the thick coal culm air-flow after concentrating is many between 0.8～1.3, particularly be lower than 10%～20% coal for volatile matter, air capacity during this air-flow coal dust firing still is higher than or near the required air capacity of volatile combustion in the coal, the gas-phase reaction speed of volatile matter and oxygen is very fast, thereby this burning condition will inevitably make and a large amount of and combination with oxygen of nitrogen that pyrolysis goes out in the coal changes into NO
xThe NO that has generated
xThough can be by the supply process of control air, make it to utilize semicoke in reducing atmosphere, to burn and come partial reduction, the solid reaction rate restriction but this heterogeneous reaction is bullied, this stage is lower based on the reducing agent reactivity of C, CO etc., after air-flow enters furnace cavity expansion, reducing agent diffusion velocity and and NO
xContact probability extremely low, thereby reduction reaction is difficult to fully finish in burner hearth, reduces NO
xThe efficient of discharging is lower.
The decoupling burning technology can realize removing the fly ash combustible material and the NO of coal burning
xCoupling discharging relation, be to reduce fly ash combustible material and NO simultaneously
xThe effective ways of discharging.Its mechanism is: the coal burning process is divided into two stages, and the phase I, pyrolysis, gasification and gas-fired take place in coal under very high reducing atmosphere, make full use of the pyrolysis of coal self and gasification product with fuel type NO
xBe converted into more stable N
2Second stage is created high-temperature oxygen-enriched but is not produced heating power type NO
xEnvironment, guarantee the abundant after-flame of coal again.
This shows that decoupling burning suppresses NO
xThe critical process of discharging, the conversion process of the fugitive constituent nitrogen that produces at burning initial stage pyrolytic gasification, this process mainly less spatial dimension before wind inside, a secondary wind mix is carried out, wind with promptly begin the after-flame stage, the reducing atmosphere of burner hearth on a large scale that does not need aforesaid air classification burning to produce after secondary wind mixes.This process is the fractional combustion that belongs on the microcosmic, and just mechanism is different from the air classification burning on the aforesaid macroscopic view, and the reducing agent of decoupling burning has made full use of the pyrolytic gasification product, and reactivity is higher.
At present, people reduce NO to decoupling burning
xMechanism further investigate, and a series of patents of layered decoupling combustion furnace have appearred being applicable to, as a kind of smokeless coal-burning method that suppresses nitrogen oxide and coal furnace (Chinese invention patent number: ZL95102081.1), the layered decoupling formula combustion method of raw coal and mechanical stratiform decoupling type combustion furnace (Chinese invention patent number: ZL01131238.6), decoupling burning stove and decoupling zero combustion method (Chinese invention patent application number: ZL 200810117937.1) and a kind of preheating type stoker fired grate decoupling burning stove and combustion method (Chinese invention patent application number: ZL201010526501.5) etc. thereof.Yet, in above-mentioned these patents, all only be suitable for the layer combustion technology, be only applicable to the following layered decoupling combustion furnace of 100t/h, be difficult to realize that the decoupling burning stove of coal dust firing maximizes.
Patent " low-nitrogen oxide discharging coal powder decoupling burning device and coal dust decoupling burning method " (Chinese invention patent application number: 201110033811.8) invented a kind of coal dust decoupling burning device and coal dust decoupling burning method, its Pulverized Coal Concentration is incorporate structure with steady combustion, dense, light spout also adopts centralized arrangement, this burner structure coal powder light-dark separating property is unadjustable, need the boiler-burner installing space that fixing dimensional space is arranged in addition, be unsuitable for the furnace binding of multi-port dispersed placement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of coal dust decoupling burning device.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of coal dust decoupling burning method.
According to coal dust decoupling burning device of the present invention, described decoupling burning device comprises an airduct 12, inertia separator 11, airflow duct and the spout that connects successively along airflow direction,
Described airflow duct is divided into 8 two in dense sidewind conduit 7 and light sidewind conduit, and wherein, light sidewind conduit 8 is communicated with three grades of spouts 1, and dense sidewind conduit 7 links to each other with one-level spout 3; On the dense sidewind conduit 7 with one-level spout 3 between pipeline on draw the secondary spout conduit 6 that is communicated with it, this secondary spout conduit (6) is communicated with secondary spout 2;
Described one-level spout 3 is the flaring spout, and the front end inside at one-level spout 3 is oppositely arranged a pair of collection powder flame holder 4 in both sides up and down, described collection powder flame holder 4 becomes big gradually along the area of the cross section of airflow direction, the area of formed gas channel cross section diminishes gradually along airflow direction, and the shape of cross section that changes collection powder flame holder 4 is to change the circumference of air-flow shape of cross section and increase air-flow.
The cross section of described collection powder flame holder 4 is triangle, trapezoidal or waveform.
Described inertia separator 11 is provided with and can changes the shape and the size of rear portion passage sections in the inertia separator 11 by the corner that rotates dividing guide plate 9 around the dividing guide plate 9 of dividing guide plate rotating shaft 10 rotations with the airflow duct junction.
The present invention also provides a kind of coal dust decoupling burning method in addition, said method comprising the steps of:
1) a wind wind powder mixture enters inertia separator 11 by an airduct 12,50～90% coal dust flow to the outside of inertia separator 11 with 30%～60% air, enter dense sidewind conduit 7, obtain than the thick coal culm air-flow, the remainder coal dust flow to the inboard of inertia separator 11 with air, enter light sidewind conduit 8, enter burner hearth, realize the deep or light separation of the wind powder mixture first order by three grades of spouts 1;
2) enter the breeze airflow of dense sidewind conduit 7 when entering one-level spout 3, collection powder flame holder 4 actual internal areas reduce gradually, the effect of being squeezed, 40%～90% air carries in this air-flow 10～50% coal dust and enters in the secondary spout conduit 6 that is communicated with it in this air-flow, enter burner hearth through secondary spout 2, remaining air and coal dust form high speed, super thick coal culm air-flow in this air-flow, enter one-level spout 3, realize the partial deep or light separation of wind powder mixture;
3) enter one-level spout 3 flow through high speed, super thick coal culm air-flow behind the collection powder flame holder 4, rear end at collection powder flame holder 4 forms the recirculating zone, form jet entrainment at the bilateral of super thick coal culm air-flow to the burner hearth high-temperature flue gas, make super thick coal culm air-flow that the burning exothermic reaction take place under strong reducing property atmosphere, realize the fast pyrogenation gasification of coal dust, to reduce NO
xGeneration;
4) enter in the burner hearth behind the ultra-concentrating powder gas stream burning pyrolytic gasification in the step 3), mix successively with the light powder air-flow of secondary spout 2, three grades of spout 1 ejections, under the effect of the combustion heat and the hot flue gas of high temperature reflux, remain the pyrolytic gasification of coal dust fast, make in the coal fugitive constituent fully separate out and under reducing atmosphere, burn, to reduce NO
xGeneration;
5) above-mentioned unburned completely the air-flow mixture realize decoupling burning at burner hearth and secondary wind mixing after-flame.
Enter the air quality of a wind wind powder mixture that is concentrated in the dense sidewind conduit 7 and the ratio of quality of pc in the described step 1) and be reduced to 0.6～1.8 by 1.0～3.0;
Described step 2) enters the air quality of a wind wind powder mixture of one-level spout 3 and the ratio of quality of pc in and further be reduced to 0.3～1.2.
Coal dust decoupling burning device provided by the invention, as shown in Figure 1, it is formed by a plurality of burner nozzles with by the inertia separator that conduit is communicated in described burner nozzle; The edge is inertia separator, conduit and burner nozzle by the airflow direction behind the forward direction successively.
Described a plurality of burner nozzle is respectively three grades of spouts 1, secondary spout 2 and one-level spout 3; Described three grades of spouts 1 are connected by the inboard of light sidewind conduit 8 with inertia separator 11 rear ends; Described secondary spout 2 is connected with dense sidewind conduit 7 inboards by secondary spout conduit 6; Described one-level spout 3 is connected by the outside of dense sidewind conduit 7 with inertia separator 11 rear ends.
Described inertia separator 11 front ends are connected with an airduct 12.Position near the rear end in the described inertia separator 11 is provided with adjustable dividing guide plate 9 of corner and dividing guide plate rotating shaft 10, dividing guide plate rotating shaft 10 is connected the front end of the adjustable dividing guide plate 9 of corner, dividing guide plate 9 that corner is adjustable can be rotated around dividing guide plate rotating shaft 10, thereby changes the shape and the size of rear portion passage sections in the inertia separator 11.
Described one-level spout 3 is the flaring spout, and preceding end section is little, and back end section is big.Be provided with a pair of collection powder flame holder 4 in the one-level spout 3; Two upper and lower both sides that collection powder flame holder 4 is adjacent to respectively within the described one-level spout 3, collection powder flame holder 4 front ends are all near dense sidewind conduit 7, and the rear end of collection powder flame holder 4 and the rear end of one-level spout 3 keep certain distance.Leave the space between the described collection powder flame holder 4, be encircled into gas channel with one-level spout 3 shells.Described collection powder flame holder 4 increases along airflow direction gradually for cross section, makes that the gas channel actual internal area between the collection powder flame holder 4 reduces gradually; The rear end of described collection powder flame holder 4 relative sides can be variable section structure, to change the circumference of flow area shape and increase air-flow.
Coal dust decoupling burning method provided by the invention the steps include:
One time the wind wind powder mixture enters inertia separator 11 by an airduct 12, because the density of coal dust and air is different, the small part coal dust flow to the inboard of inertia separator 11 with air, and enter light sidewind conduit 8, most of coal dust flow to the outside of inertia separator 11 with air, thereby and enter the deep or light separation that dense sidewind conduit 7 is realized the wind powder mixture first order, the air quality of a wind wind powder mixture that is concentrated in the dense sidewind conduit 7 and the ratio of quality of pc are reduced to 0.6～1.8 by original 1.0～3.0, and coal powder density increases.
Enter the wind powder mixture of light sidewind conduit 8, enter the burner hearth burning by three grades of spouts 1 at last.
Because collection powder flame holder 4 actual internal areas reduce gradually, the effect of being squeezed enters that portion of air has entered in the secondary spout conduit 6 in the wind powder mixture of dense sidewind conduit 7; Because effect of inertia, most of coal dust enters in the one-level spout 3 with air-flow in the wind powder mixture of dense sidewind conduit 7, quilt collection powder flame holder 4 collects and enters burner hearth, thereby realize the partial deep or light separation of wind powder mixture, the air quality of a wind wind powder mixture that is concentrated between the collection powder flame holder 4 in the one-level spout 3 and the ratio of quality of pc further are reduced to 0.3～1.2, and coal powder density is high.
Entered in the wind powder mixture in the secondary spout conduit 6, finally entered the burner hearth burning through secondary spout 2.
Because the jet entrainment effect of the super thick coal culm air-flow between the collection powder flame holder 4, the rear end of collection powder flame holder 4 forms the recirculating zone, and the high temperature gases recirculating in the burner hearth is to the one-level spout 3 involute super thick coal culm air-flows that suck between the collection powder flame holder 4.Because the ignition heat of super thick coal culm air-flow is very little, sectional area is very thin, and should all be subjected to Hybrid Heating in both sides up and down by super thick coal culm air-flow, thereby be easy to be heated thorough, be heated to ignition temperature rapidly, the burning exothermic reaction takes place under strong reducing property atmosphere, thereby can realize the fast pyrogenation gasification of coal dust.
Ultra-concentrating powder air-flow, the dense powder air-flow of low concentration separate arranged in succession with light powder air-flow, and the ultra-concentrating powder air-flow is near the burner hearth high-temperature region, and in the side of waring oneself in front of a fire, light powder air-flow is at back-fire side.Not only temperature field and distribution of concentration are reasonable, and have strengthened the surface area that wind entrainments high-temperature flue gas, promptly help burner and surely fire, and also help reducing NO by dense to light burning in succession
xGeneration;
Along with this ultra-concentrating powder air-flow flows in burner hearth, this ultra-concentrating powder air-flow in time mixes with the dense powder air-flow of low concentration of aforementioned secondary spout 2 ejections, the light powder air-flow of three grades of spout 1 ejections in succession, under the effect of the combustion heat and the hot flue gas of high temperature reflux, sneak into air-flow and be heated to ignition temperature in succession, remain the pyrolytic gasification of coal dust fast, make in the coal fugitive constituent fully separate out and burn; Unburnt semicoke in time mixes with adjacent secondary wind in burner hearth and burns away, and sufficient oxygen in time mixes in the high-temperature region with the coal dust semicoke can guarantee its abundant after-flame; By catching fire step by step, the mode that oxygen is supplied with is step by step finished elder generation in the process of after-flame under high temperature oxidation stability atmosphere again of burning under the low-temperature reduction atmosphere, realizes reducing simultaneously NO like this
xDecoupling burning with the combustible discharging.
The outstanding feature of coal dust decoupling burning device provided by the invention and combustion method:
1, separates by the two-stage or the deep or light of more classifications of inertia separator, can meet or exceed the Pulverized Coal Concentration efficient of cyclone separator with collection powder flame holder; Last elbow that an airduct can be entered before the burner hearth changes inertia separator into, thereby reduces the system equipment pressure drop;
2, the burner nozzle design space that will entrainment thermal flue gas back stream extends in the burner nozzle from hearth combustor, it is the time of burning on the one hand under the reducing atmosphere that prolongs the decoupling burning initial stage, increase the interval that wind wind powder mixture air-flow mixes with secondary wind in the burner hearth, with reduction NO
xGeneration; On the other hand, the space of entrainmenting of a wind increases and shifts to an earlier date, can strengthen the backflow campaign of elevated temperature heat flue gas in the burner hearth, keep near the higher temperature levels combustion zone, help carrying out fast of decoupling burning, decoupling burning can improve near the temperature in combustion zone conversely again fast, forms benign cycle.The decoupling burning initial stage is to carry out under very high coal powder density (A/C is 0.2～1.0), and for low-volatite coal such as anthracites, dense powder concentration is high more good more, promptly helps steady combustion, also helps suppressing the generation of NOx; For bituminous coal of high volatile etc., the generation of steady combustion and inhibition NOx is easier to, but initial decoupling burning is too strong easily, the content that the coal powder density height can be controlled the agent of burning initial oxidation is lower than the stoichiometric ratio that volatile combustion reacts, and the exothermic oxidation reaction of burning also is accompanied by the endothermic reaction of pyrolysis and gasification simultaneously, gas flow temperature is also not really high, thereby this helps being avoided the scaling loss and the coking of burner nozzle.
3, two collection powder flame holder positioned opposite form the hyperconcetration breeze airflow and entrainment heating in both sides up and down, and the firing rate and the degree of depth significantly improve; Two collection powder flame holder relative sides can be designed to the staged variable section structure of air-flow gradient thickness at a distance of nearest position, increased concentrated breeze airflow up and down both sides entrainment surface area, increased the ability of entrainmenting greatly; Backflow space maximum is entrainmented at the thinnest position of air-flow thickness, thermal flue gas back flow maximum; Simultaneously, the stroke of this position coal dust air Mixture stream is the longest, and it is maximum that air is squeezed, thereby the coal powder density maximum; Because channel resistance is different with flow process length, add the effect that fluid flows through the convergent jet pipe, the flow velocity of this ultra-concentrating powder air-flow between the burner collection powder flame holder is greater than light powder air-flow, dense powder air-flow unit breeze airflow amount to entrainment carrying capacity higher; Owing to most of coal dust is washed into collection powder flame holder, absolute velocity reduces, and forms the big sliding velocity that flows with air, can significantly improve the heat and mass ability of the two; The staged variable section structures of the thickness gradual change of two of positioned opposite collection powder flame holders make thick coal culm air flow rate, Pulverized Coal Concentration rate, mean flow rate, the relative sliding velocity of coal dust, entrainment the backflow space and also be staged to two sidewind heat and mass speed and distribute, and reach the thinnest breeze airflow MAF minimum of thickness, coal powder density is the highest, mean flow rate is the highest, coal dust sliding velocity maximum, to entrainment the backflow space maximum and the slowest to two sidewind heat and mass speed.Because the ignition temperature of the breeze airflow that thickness is the thinnest is minimum, ignition heat is minimum, flame propagation velocity is the fastest, and the heating efficiency of entrainmenting hot flue gas is the strongest, it is the slowest to dispel the heat, thereby the thinnest part of the thickness of this ultra-concentrating powder air-flow can be easy to be heated to ignition temperature, stable ignition burning at first, under the effect of the combustion heat and the hot flue gas of high temperature reflux, breeze airflow is heated to ignition temperature in succession on every side subsequently, realizes catching fire step by step.
4, the mode that adopts high concentration pulverized coal air-flow upper and lower sides to entrainment high-temperature flue gas simultaneously, can make breeze airflow quick fire burns, the further violent heated air stream of reaction heat after the breeze airflow burning, can make dense gas flow temperature be elevated to 700～1200 ℃ of high temperature rapidly, coal dust generation fast pyrogenation, gasification, volatile matter nitrogen ratio significantly improves, and oxygen concentration reduces rapidly.The combustion reaction of the volatile matter that pyrolytic gasification goes out, the overwhelming majority is a gas-phase reaction fast, finishes major part before can making dense powder air-flow and light powder air-flow mixing and has separated out the burning of volatile matter under the oxygen deprivation environment.Because NH in the volatile matter after coal pyrolytic gasified
3, NCH, C
mH
nThe strong reducing property of (hydrocarbon), CO, the NO that this stage volatile matter nitrogen oxidation generates
xMajor part has changed into stable N
2Behind the volatile combustion of dense powder air-flow, progressively mix with light powder air-flow, coke burns in succession in the coal dust, consumption to oxygen increases, cause light powder air-flow still to be under the oxygen deprivation environment with dense powder air-flow mixing after-combustion, until with after secondary wind mixes, the condition of combustion with meagre oxygen just changes to some extent.But because most of volatile burnt, and coke nitrogen at first passes carbon grain surface reducing atmosphere layer when separating out, and be subjected to the catalytic reduction effect of coke simultaneously, thereby coke nitrogen is converted into NO
xRatio very low.Burner combustion is finished N earlier
2Conversion after, can in time replenish secondary wind, allow coal dust that high-temperature oxygen-enriched reaction takes place early, prolong in the clean-burning time of burner hearth, thereby abundant after-flame reduces the content of fly ash combustible material, CO in the flue gas.From the above mentioned, this combustion system has been removed fly ash combustible material, CO and the NO of coal dust firing
xThe coupling emission problem, realized the decoupling burning that the two discharging reduces simultaneously.
5, ultra-concentrating powder air-flow, the dense powder air-flow of low concentration separate arranged in succession with light powder air-flow, the ultra-concentrating powder air-flow is near the burner hearth high-temperature region, not only temperature field and distribution of concentration are reasonable, and strengthened the surface area that wind entrainments high-temperature flue gas, promptly help burner and surely fire, also help reducing NO to light burning in succession by dense
xGeneration; Dense powder air-flow and furnace wall are isolated by light powder air-flow at back-fire side, can reduce near the reducing atmosphere of water-cooling wall, help reducing the generation of furnace water cooling wall high-temperature corrosion and coking.
6, this burner adaptability is strong.By the adjustable dividing guide plate of corner in the change inertia separator and the angle of airflow direction, change the shape and the size of deep or light both sides passage section in the inertia separator, thereby adjust the coal powder density and the flow of deep or light both sides breeze airflow, change combustion characteristics to adapt to different burning coals and operating mode.Change project organization, size and the relative spacing of collection powder flame holder, also can change design parameters such as breeze airflow concentration, flow velocity, with boiler and the coal characteristic that adapts to different designs.
7, the flexible arrangement of the deep or light spout of burner of the present invention is higher, and various boiler furnace structures and incendiary type can suit.
Description of drawings
The structural representation of Fig. 1 coal dust decoupling burning of the present invention device.
The accompanying drawing sign
1, three grades of spouts 2, secondary spout 3, one-level spout
4, collection powder flame holder 6, secondary spout conduit 7, dense sidewind conduit
8, light sidewind conduit 9, dividing guide plate 10, dividing guide plate rotating shaft
11, inertia separator 12, an airduct
The specific embodiment
Below coal dust decoupling burning device of the present invention and decoupling zero combustion method are further detailed.
Coal dust decoupling burning device provided by the invention, as shown in Figure 1, it is formed by a plurality of burner nozzles with by the inertia separator that conduit is communicated in described burner nozzle; The edge is inertia separator, conduit and burner nozzle by the airflow direction behind the forward direction successively.
Described a plurality of burner nozzle is respectively three grades of spouts 1, secondary spout 2 and one-level spout 3; Described three grades of spouts 1 are connected by the inboard of light sidewind conduit 8 with inertia separator 11 rear ends; Described secondary spout 2 is connected with dense sidewind conduit 7 inboards by secondary spout conduit 6; Described one-level spout 3 is connected by the outside of dense sidewind conduit 7 with inertia separator 11 rear ends.
Described inertia separator 11 front ends are connected with an airduct 12.Position near the rear end in the described inertia separator 11 is provided with adjustable dividing guide plate 9 of corner and dividing guide plate rotating shaft 10, dividing guide plate rotating shaft 10 is connected the front end of the adjustable dividing guide plate 9 of corner, dividing guide plate 9 that corner is adjustable can be rotated around dividing guide plate rotating shaft 10, thereby changes the shape and the size of rear portion passage sections in the inertia separator 11.
Described one-level spout 3 is the flaring spout, and preceding end section is little, and back end section is big.Be provided with a pair of collection powder flame holder 4 in the one-level spout 3; Two upper and lower both sides that collection powder flame holder 4 is adjacent to respectively within the described one-level spout 3, collection powder flame holder 4 front ends are all near dense sidewind conduit 7, and the rear end of collection powder flame holder 4 and the rear end of one-level spout 3 keep certain distance.Leave the space between the described collection powder flame holder 4, be encircled into gas channel with one-level spout 3 shells.Described collection powder flame holder 4 increases along airflow direction gradually for cross section, makes that the gas channel actual internal area between the collection powder flame holder 4 reduces gradually; The rear end of described collection powder flame holder 4 relative sides can be variable section structure, to change the circumference of flow area shape and increase air-flow.
Coal dust decoupling burning method provided by the invention the steps include:
One time the wind wind powder mixture enters inertia separator 11 by an airduct 12, because the density of coal dust and air is different, the small part coal dust flow to the inboard of inertia separator 11 with air, and enter light sidewind conduit 8, most of coal dust flow to the outside of inertia separator 11 with air, thereby and enter the deep or light separation that dense sidewind conduit 7 is realized the wind powder mixture first order, the air quality of a wind wind powder mixture that is concentrated in the dense sidewind conduit 7 and the ratio of quality of pc are reduced to 0.6～1.8 by original 1.0～3.0, and coal powder density increases.
Enter the wind powder mixture of light sidewind conduit 8, enter the burner hearth burning by three grades of spouts 1 at last.
Because collection powder flame holder 4 actual internal areas reduce gradually, the effect of being squeezed enters that portion of air has entered in the secondary spout conduit 6 in the wind powder mixture of dense sidewind conduit 7; Because effect of inertia, most of coal dust enters in the one-level spout 3 with air-flow in the wind powder mixture of dense sidewind conduit 7, quilt collection powder flame holder 4 collects and enters burner hearth, thereby realize the partial deep or light separation of wind powder mixture, the air quality of a wind wind powder mixture that is concentrated between the collection powder flame holder 4 in the one-level spout 3 and the ratio of quality of pc further are reduced to 0.3～1.2, and coal powder density is high.
Entered in the wind powder mixture in the secondary spout conduit 6, finally entered the burner hearth burning through secondary spout 2.
Because the jet entrainment effect of the super thick coal culm air-flow between the collection powder flame holder 4, the rear end of collection powder flame holder 4 forms the recirculating zone, and the high temperature gases recirculating in the burner hearth is to the one-level spout 3 involute super thick coal culm air-flows that suck between the collection powder flame holder 4.Because the ignition heat of super thick coal culm air-flow is very little, sectional area is very thin, and should all be subjected to Hybrid Heating in both sides up and down by super thick coal culm air-flow, thereby be easy to be heated thorough, be heated to ignition temperature rapidly, the burning exothermic reaction takes place under strong reducing property atmosphere, thereby can realize the fast pyrogenation gasification of coal dust.
Ultra-concentrating powder air-flow, the dense powder air-flow of low concentration separate arranged in succession with light powder air-flow, and the ultra-concentrating powder air-flow is near the burner hearth high-temperature region, and in the side of waring oneself in front of a fire, light powder air-flow is at back-fire side.Not only temperature field and distribution of concentration are reasonable, and have strengthened the surface area that wind entrainments high-temperature flue gas, promptly help burner and surely fire, and also help reducing NO by dense to light burning in succession
xGeneration;
Along with this ultra-concentrating powder air-flow flows in burner hearth, this ultra-concentrating powder air-flow in time mixes with the dense powder air-flow of low concentration of aforementioned secondary spout 2 ejections, the light powder air-flow of three grades of spout 1 ejections in succession, under the effect of the combustion heat and the hot flue gas of high temperature reflux, sneak into air-flow and be heated to ignition temperature in succession, remain the pyrolytic gasification of coal dust fast, make in the coal fugitive constituent fully separate out and burn; Unburnt semicoke in time mixes with adjacent secondary wind in burner hearth and burns away, and sufficient oxygen in time mixes in the high-temperature region with the coal dust semicoke can guarantee its abundant after-flame; By catching fire step by step, the mode that oxygen is supplied with is step by step finished elder generation in the process of after-flame under high temperature oxidation stability atmosphere again of burning under the low-temperature reduction atmosphere, realizes reducing simultaneously NO like this
xDecoupling burning with the combustible discharging.
Claims (5)
1. coal dust decoupling burning device, described decoupling burning device comprises an airduct (12), inertia separator (11), airflow duct and the spout that connects successively along airflow direction, it is characterized in that,
Described airflow duct is divided into (8) two in dense sidewind conduit (7) and light sidewind conduit, and wherein, light sidewind conduit (8) is communicated with three grades of spouts (1), and dense sidewind conduit (7) links to each other with one-level spout (3); Dense sidewind conduit (7) go up with one-level spout (3) between pipeline on draw the secondary spout conduit (6) that is communicated with it, this secondary spout conduit (6) is communicated with secondary spout (2);
Described one-level spout (3) is the flaring spout, and the front end inside at one-level spout (3) is oppositely arranged a pair of collection powder flame holder (4) in both sides up and down, described collection powder flame holder (4) becomes big gradually along the area of the cross section of airflow direction, the area of formed gas channel cross section diminishes gradually along airflow direction, and the shape of cross section that collects powder flame holder (4) by change is to change the circumference of air-flow shape of cross section and increase air-flow.
2. coal dust decoupling burning device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described inertia separator (11) is provided with the airflow duct junction can be around the dividing guide plate (9) of dividing guide plate rotating shaft (10) rotation.
3. coal dust decoupling burning device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the cross section of described collection powder flame holder (4) is triangle, trapezoidal or waveform.
4. the coal dust decoupling burning method based on the described coal dust decoupling burning of claim 1 device is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
1) a wind wind powder mixture enters inertia separator (11) by an airduct (12), 50～90% coal dust flow to the outside of inertia separator (11) with 30%～60% air, enter dense sidewind conduit (7), obtain than the thick coal culm air-flow, the remainder coal dust flow to the inboard of inertia separator (11) with air, enter light sidewind conduit (8), enter burner hearth, realize the deep or light separation of the wind powder mixture first order by three grades of spouts (1);
2) enter the breeze airflow of dense sidewind conduit (7) when entering one-level spout (3), collection powder flame holder (4) actual internal area reduces gradually, the effect of being squeezed, 40%～90% air carries in this air-flow 10～50% coal dust and enters in the secondary spout conduit (6) that is communicated with it in this air-flow, enter burner hearth through secondary spout (2), remaining air and coal dust form high speed, super thick coal culm air-flow in this air-flow, enter one-level spout (3), realize the partial deep or light separation of wind powder mixture;
3) enter one-level spout (3) flow through high speed, super thick coal culm air-flow behind collection powder flame holder (4), rear end at collection powder flame holder (4) forms the recirculating zone, form jet entrainment at the bilateral of super thick coal culm air-flow to the burner hearth high-temperature flue gas, make super thick coal culm air-flow that the burning exothermic reaction take place under strong reducing property atmosphere, realize the fast pyrogenation gasification of coal dust, to reduce NO
xGeneration;
4) enter in the burner hearth behind the ultra-concentrating powder gas stream burning pyrolytic gasification in the step 3), mix successively with the light powder air-flow of secondary spout (2), three grades of spouts (1) ejection, under the effect of the combustion heat and the hot flue gas of high temperature reflux, remain the pyrolytic gasification of coal dust fast, make in the coal fugitive constituent fully separate out and under reducing atmosphere, burn, to reduce NO
xGeneration;
5) above-mentioned unburned completely the air-flow mixture realize decoupling burning at burner hearth and secondary wind mixing after-flame.
5. coal dust decoupling burning method according to claim 4 is characterized in that,
Entering the air quality of the high speed of dense sidewind conduit (7), super thick coal culm and the ratio of quality of pc in the described step 1) is 0.6～1.8;
Described step 2) entering the air quality of the high speed of one-level spout (3), super thick coal culm and the ratio of quality of pc in is 0.3～1.2.
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| CN103836619A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-06-04 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院 | Pulverized coal bias flame combustor with adjustable primary wind speed |
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