CN102297929A - Tectonic coal pressure relief and outburst simulation experiment device - Google Patents
Tectonic coal pressure relief and outburst simulation experiment device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102297929A CN102297929A CN2011101874593A CN201110187459A CN102297929A CN 102297929 A CN102297929 A CN 102297929A CN 2011101874593 A CN2011101874593 A CN 2011101874593A CN 201110187459 A CN201110187459 A CN 201110187459A CN 102297929 A CN102297929 A CN 102297929A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tectonic coal pressure relief and outburst simulation experiment device, which comprises a bearing box, a ground stress static state loading system, a top board disturbance loading system and a data acquisition system. The device provided by the invention is used to simulate the coal and gas outburst process caused by deep disturbance and pressure relief under the mechanical condition of top board fracture and determine related gas pressure parameters, namely determine various state parameters during the conversion of the tectonic coal inside the deep pressure relief cavity from a solid to a two-phase fluid, such as fluid pressure and conversion array plane propagation speed and the like, so as to provide experimental evidence for the understanding of the coal and gas outburst formation process caused by deep pressure relief, outburst intensity evaluation and value simulation. When the device is used, pulverized coal particle parameters of a pressed coal sample, gas loading pressure, the press thickness of the coal sample, the coal sample pressure and different disturbing forces can be adjusted to obtain different test results. The device provided by the invention has advantages of simple structure, low cost and simple operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to colliery underground mining coal and gas outbursts Prediction field, particularly relate to outstanding experimental demonstration of coal and gas and correlation parameter and measure.
Background technology
The structure coal be a kind of in pressure property, press the plasticity shear flow variant that forms under the property turned round, the shear structure stress, be not subjected to adopting or the condition of external disturbance such as earthquake under, sealed up for safekeeping by country rock and tectonic stress as a kind of energetic material.When release, promptly be converted into the gas-solid phase body, see through the coal seam and overflow or ooze out to workplace, break through the coal body that the place ahead stops when pressure is higher, it is outstanding to form coal and gas, brings great harm to mine production and miner's life.With regard to release mechanism, can be divided into two kinds substantially, a kind of is the workplace side direction release that the workplace excavation causes, its release scope is confined near the workplace, approximately is in 1～1.5 times of scope of workplace thickness of coal seam.Another kind is depths, the coal seam release that exploitation disturbance such as mining-induced stress ripple, blasting vibration wave cause.This release mechanism is that perturbation wave forms the release cavity at the regional area away from workplace.Two kinds of release mechanism always exist in recovery process simultaneously, and the gas accumulation of leading to when release reaches certain pressure condition, the outstanding generation.
In the last few years, coal that release causes at side direction and gas were outstanding, had carried out some physical simulation experiments and numerical experimentation successively.Physical simulation experiment is divided into the shock tube test and the three dimensional taest platform simulation test of one dimension.The former suppresses coal containing methane gas in shock tube, and uses foil sealing, opens film then rapidly the structure coal is communicated with ambient atmosphere, thereby form the gas release, gas is unloading the pressure surface parsing and to the air loss, is unloading pressure surface simultaneously and propagate to the coal seam, deep along shock tube, and it is outstanding to form lasting coal and gas.The simulation of three dimensional taest platform is that compacting contains gas structure coal in a trough-shaped container, with seal of vessel and charge into high pressure gas, exert pressure to the structure coal on container top, open the reservation shedding motion that is arranged on container one side then, under upper pressure drove, coal and gas were outstanding from reserving opening part like this.We can say that two kinds of test units have all reflected the physical process that coal and gas are outstanding to a certain extent, play good effect to the prediction level that improves coal and gas.The side direction release can explain that near the small-scale coal body the getting working face destroys, gas overflows, the severe degree of its dynamic phenomenon a little less than, can't be called outstanding.And really endanger huge is the deep release.
So-called deep release is meant that the non-direct excavation of release causes, but since the stress disturbance that roof fracture, concussion of blasting cause in the release mechanism that causes away from the excavation free face.This release mechanism often occurs in apart from the coal seam depth of getting working face certain distance and stone door punching coal engineering.The unexpected release in coal seam causes the release cavity to produce, the structure coal will be transformed to two-phase fluid (coal particle+methane gas) by high-voltage solid-state, the cavity inner fluid gathers, pressure increases, the acting of externally expanding, and promotes coal body and dishes out to workplace, gives prominence to gas thereby form coal.This outstanding forming process is more hidden, and intensity of outburst is often very big, thus its first kind of release mechanism of hazard ratio (release of workplace side direction) of the causing coal and the gas that cause to overflow (inclining to) much bigger.
This patent is to be specifically designed to the demonstration roof break to cause the deep release, thereby causes the experimental provision that gas is outstanding.The release disturbance that causes of roof break.Be under the overburden pressure effect, old top, coal seam can be thought beam with both ends built-in simply.Along with the advance of the face and stress damage, the fracture of old top, thereby the old top of workplace top change an end into and prop up admittedly, an end is semi-girder freely.If fracture is unexpected, or intermittent expansion generation, then be equivalent to apply a concentrated force F apace at the free end of semi-girder, this power is owing to beam xsect shearing out of trim causes, it is a disturbance, cause each formation release perturbing area, zone in coal seam, workplace the place ahead, the district appears reducing in pressure curve P.
Summary of the invention
The present invention causes that at roof break the coal seam depth release causes coal and the outstanding proposition of gas specially, be used to simulate under the mechanical condition of roof break, coal that deep disturbance release causes and gas are given prominence to process, and relevant gas pressure parameter measured, promptly measure and construct coal in the deep release cavity by the various state parameters of solid to the two-phase fluid conversion process, as hydrodynamic pressure with transform front velocity of propagation etc., thereby outstanding forming process, intensity of outburst evaluation and the numerical simulation of the coal that causes for understanding deep release and gas provides experiment to prove.
Analogue experiment installation is given prominence in structure coal of the present invention release, comprises high-pressure tank, the static loading system of terrestrial stress, top board disturbance loading system, data acquisition system (DAS).
Described high-pressure tank (1) is made by the steel plate welding, comprises moulded coal compacting chamber (2) and pressure buffer chamber (3), and the centre separates with simulation top board (12).Described moulded coal compacting chamber (2) front end is provided with aspis (4), capping (5) and flexible gasket (6), and the rear end is close to steel plate gas cowling panel (7), flexible gasket (8), air inlet duct (9) are set.Moulded coal compacting chamber (2) is connected with draft tube (11) by pressure buffer chamber (10).Inlay row's static pressure sensor (13) on the simulation top board (12).Described simulated ground stress charger is made up of reaction frame (14), hydraulic pressure top (15), billet (16) and fine sand (17).Described data acquisition system (DAS) is linked to each other with the computer data acquiring device by a row pressure force transducer (13).
Further, described moulded coal compacting chamber (2) is connected with draft tube (11) by pressure buffer chamber (10);
Further, flexible gasket is made by elastomeric material; The height of front end flexible gasket (6) is greater than the height of rear end flexible gasket (8);
Further, when simulated ground stress loaded, pressure buffer chamber (3) filled up fine sand;
Further, described simulation top board (12) is formed by stacking by forming laminated sheet material, and thickness can change; Inlay row's static pressure sensor (13) in the simulation top board (12);
Beneficial effect of the present invention: simulation test device is given prominence in structure coal provided by the invention release, can simulate the bag of foulness forming process that the coal seam causes owing to deep release mechanism, and the two-phase fluid pressure of this process and the velocity of propagation of solid-circulationization front are measured.Basic theory and the numerical simulation outstanding for coal and gas provide theoretical model and basic data.During use, the compacting thickness of the coal particle size parameter of adjustable seamless system coal sample, gas-loaded pressure, coal sample, the press power of coal sample, and different disturbing forces obtains different test findings.The present invention is simple in structure, and cost is low, and is simple to operate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the outstanding analogue experiment installation synoptic diagram of structure coal release.
Fig. 2 is the high-pressure tank organigram.
Fig. 3 is moulded coal compacting chamber organigram.
Fig. 4 is simulation roof construction synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of simulation test device of the present invention, and as shown in the figure: analogue experiment installation is given prominence in the structure coal release of present embodiment, comprises high-pressure tank, the static loading system of terrestrial stress, top board disturbance loading system, data acquisition system (DAS).
Described high-pressure tank (1) is made by the steel plate welding, comprises moulded coal compacting chamber (2) and pressure buffer chamber (3), and the centre separates with simulation top board (12), sees Fig. 2.Described moulded coal compacting chamber (2) front end is provided with aspis (4), capping (5) and flexible gasket (6), and the rear end is close to the steel plate wall gas cowling panel (7), flexible gasket (8), air inlet duct (9) are set.Moulded coal compacting chamber (2) is connected with draft tube (11) by pressure buffer chamber (10), sees Fig. 3.Described simulated ground stress charger is made up of reaction frame (14), hydraulic pressure top (15), billet (16) and fine sand (17).Described data acquisition system (DAS) is linked to each other with the computer data acquiring device by the pressure transducer (13) that a row is embedded on the simulation top board (12), sees Fig. 4.
In the present embodiment, described moulded coal compacting chamber (2) is connected with draft tube (11) by pressure buffer chamber (10);
In the present embodiment, flexible gasket is made by elastomeric material; The height of front end flexible gasket (6) is greater than the height of rear end flexible gasket (8);
In the present embodiment, when simulated ground stress loaded, pressure buffer chamber (3) filled up fine sand;
In the present embodiment, described simulation top board (12) is formed by stacking by forming laminated sheet material, and thickness can change; Inlay row's static pressure sensor (13) in the simulation top board (12);
Simulation experiment method of the present invention is as follows:
(1) coal sample compacting
Sampling is through pulverizing, screening from structure coal seam, scene, the coal dust that will screen different-grain diameter (order) then carries out proportioning, and mix an amount of moisture, with the coal dust place Min layers in moulded coal is suppressed chamber (2), every layer of coal sample compacting should keep 5 minutes at least, and the press face between the coal seam is drawn broken, and the coal seam is evenly joined, until coal sample the moulded coal chamber of compacting is filled up.Can select different pressures compacting coal sample during experiment for use, also can suppress different coal sample thickness.Pressure is provided by the terrestrial stress charger.In the coal sample pressing process, capping (5) keeps sealed condition.According to the actual mass and the moulded coal compacting chamber volume of weighing compacting coal sample before each experiment, calculate the density and the porosity of coal sample.
(2) simulated ground stress
After the last compacting of coal sample is finished, simulation top board (12) is installed, guarantee that the compacting coal sample fully closely contacts with the simulation top board.Start the static loading system of terrestrial stress.The reaction of bearing that reaction frame (14) provides, hydraulic pressure top (15) output pressure is delivered to simulation top board (12) through the buffer action of billet (16) and spun yarn (17), forms overburden pressure.
(3) inflation seepage flow
After applying terrestrial stress, begin to measure the permanent seepage flow of original coal sample:
After the coal sample compacting is finished, withdraw capping (5), draft tube (11) is connected gas-loaded equipment, gas (CH4) is through pressure buffer chamber (10) and air inlet duct (9), through gas cowling panel (7), the pressure front in that the indoor formation integral body of compacting is pushed ahead overflows from aspis (4).By each cell pressure of calculating sampling, judge whether to reach permanent seepage flow.Can arrange the permeability that the length L (see figure 4) is calculated coal sample this moment according to upstream pressure (A point), downstream pressure (B point), flow and the sensor of coal sample seepage flow.
(4) outstanding simulated experiment
1. at first carry out the high pressure gas inflation, pressure condition is deposited in the tax that forms the structure coal:
The coal sample that reaches permanent seepage flow is sealed with capping (5), and hydraulic pressure top (15) is forced into the terrestrial stress value, and it is constant to keep-up pressure.
2. next, go up the disturbance release at simulation top board (12):
Keeping under capping (5) sealing condition, at the free end suspension weight of simulation top board (12), and carrying out hammering, the pressure of observing sensor simultaneously changes.The computing formula of weight W is as follows
Q is a terrestrial stress numerical value in the formula, and b sees Fig. 4, L for simulation top board width
1Be simulation top board cantilever segment length.
3. unpacking is covered, and forms outstanding:
When the pressure of observation sensor reaches 0.8MPa, open capping (5), and keep terrestrial stress constant, and continue to carry out the hammering disturbance, outstanding until forming coal and gas.Close air pressure-loading equipment and terrestrial stress loading system, finish experiment.
Measure parameters such as the quality of outstanding coal sample, outstanding centroid distance, the data and the disturbance time of writing down pressure transducer simultaneously.
Claims (6)
1. the outstanding analogue experiment installation of structure coal release is characterized in that: comprise high-pressure tank, the static loading system of terrestrial stress, top board disturbance loading system and data acquisition system (DAS); Described high-pressure tank (1) is made by the steel plate welding, comprises moulded coal compacting chamber (2) and pressure buffer chamber (3), and the centre separates with simulation top board (12); Described moulded coal compacting chamber (2) front end is provided with aspis (4), capping (5) and flexible gasket (6), and the rear end is close to steel plate gas cowling panel (7), flexible gasket (8), air inlet duct (9) are set; Described simulated ground stress charger is made up of reaction frame (14), hydraulic pressure top (15), billet (16) and fine sand (17); Described data acquisition system (DAS) is linked to each other with the computer data acquiring device by a row pressure force transducer (13);
2. analogue experiment installation is given prominence in structure coal according to claim 1 release, it is characterized in that: described moulded coal compacting chamber (2) is connected with draft tube (11) by pressure buffer chamber (10);
3. according to the outstanding analogue experiment installation of the described structure coal of claim 1-2 release, it is characterized in that: flexible gasket is made by elastomeric material; The height of front end flexible gasket (6) is greater than the height of rear end flexible gasket (8);
4. analogue experiment installation is given prominence in structure coal according to claim 1 release, it is characterized in that: when simulated ground stress loaded, pressure buffer chamber (3) filled up fine sand;
5. analogue experiment installation is given prominence in structure coal according to claim 1 release, it is characterized in that: described simulation top board (12) is formed by stacking by forming laminated sheet material, and thickness can change; Inlay row's static pressure sensor (13) in the simulation top board (12);
6. according to the test method of the outstanding analogue experiment installation of the described structure coal of claim 1-5 release, it is characterized in that:
(1) coal sample compacting
Sampling is through pulverizing, screening from structure coal seam, scene, the coal dust that will screen different-grain diameter (order) then carries out proportioning, and mix an amount of moisture, with the coal dust place Min layers in moulded coal is suppressed chamber (2), every layer of coal sample compacting should keep 5 minutes at least, and the press face between the coal seam is drawn broken, and the coal seam is evenly joined, until coal sample the moulded coal chamber of compacting is filled up; Can select different pressures compacting coal sample during experiment for use, also can suppress different coal sample thickness, pressure is provided by the terrestrial stress charger, and in the coal sample pressing process, capping (5) keeps sealed condition; According to the actual mass and the moulded coal compacting chamber volume of weighing compacting coal sample before each experiment, calculate the density and the porosity of coal sample;
(2) simulated ground stress
After the last compacting of coal sample is finished, simulation top board (12) is installed, guarantee that the compacting coal sample fully closely contacts with the simulation top board, start the static loading system of terrestrial stress: reaction frame (14) provides support counter-force, hydraulic pressure top (15) output pressure is delivered to simulation top board (12) through the buffer action of billet (16) and spun yarn (17), forms overburden pressure;
(3) inflation seepage flow
After applying terrestrial stress, begin to measure the permanent seepage flow of original coal sample:
Withdraw capping (5), draft tube (11) is connected gas-loaded equipment, and through gas cowling panel (7), suppressing the pressure front that indoor formation integral body is pushed ahead, overflow from aspis (4) gas (CH4) flow through pressure buffer chamber (10) and air inlet duct (9); By calculating each cell pressure, judge whether to reach permanent seepage flow; Arrange the permeability of length computation coal sample according to upstream pressure, downstream pressure, flow and the sensor of coal sample seepage flow;
(4) outstanding simulated experiment
1. at first carry out the high pressure gas inflation, pressure condition is deposited in the tax that forms the structure coal:
The coal sample that reaches permanent seepage flow is sealed with capping (5), and hydraulic pressure top (15) is forced into the terrestrial stress value, and it is constant to keep-up pressure;
2. next, go up the disturbance release at simulation top board (12):
Keeping under capping (5) sealing condition, at the free end suspension weight of simulation top board (12), and carrying out hammering, the pressure of examining sensor simultaneously changes; The computing formula of weight W is as follows
Q is a terrestrial stress numerical value in the formula, and b is simulation top board width, L
1Be simulation top board cantilever segment length;
3. unpacking is covered, and forms outstanding:
When the pressure of observation sensor reaches 0.8MPa, open capping (5), and keep terrestrial stress constant, and continue to carry out the hammering disturbance, outstanding until forming coal and gas; Close air pressure-loading equipment and terrestrial stress loading system, finish experiment;
Measure parameters such as the quality of outstanding coal sample, outstanding centroid distance, the data and the disturbance time of writing down pressure transducer simultaneously.
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