CN102407945A - Warning device based on audio frequency and variable frequency principle - Google Patents
Warning device based on audio frequency and variable frequency principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN102407945A CN102407945A CN2011103030912A CN201110303091A CN102407945A CN 102407945 A CN102407945 A CN 102407945A CN 2011103030912 A CN2011103030912 A CN 2011103030912A CN 201110303091 A CN201110303091 A CN 201110303091A CN 102407945 A CN102407945 A CN 102407945A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flying warning device based on audio frequency and variable frequency principle, which comprises an audio frequency control device for providing a variable frequency signal, an information processing device and a data acquisition device; the audio frequency control device generates a corresponding variable frequency and audio frequency output signal; the control instruction is finished by the information processing device; the information processing device is crosslinked with the data acquisition device; warning items are identified according to change trend of flying parameters; corresponding variable frequency and audio frequency warning logics are triggered; and the audio frequency control device is excited by the warning logics to produce warning information. The warning device can show the change trend of the warning information for flying personnel more definitely without adding warning means according to the characteristic that the variable directivity of the represented warning information can be improved by the tone change of the variable frequency. The limitation of the existing audio frequency warning mode is solved and the efficiency of the audio frequency warning is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flight alarm device field, relate in particular to a kind of flight alarm device based on audio frequency frequency conversion principle.
Background technology
A special research report of US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) spells out: aircrew's operation mistake is a most important reason in the transport flight accident.Flight alarm method and device are through means such as the sense of hearing, vision and senses of touch, utilize technology such as computing machine, sensor and electromechanical device, and through the logical relation of internal arithmetic, identification problem is reminded the flight unit, accomplishes flight operation safely.
Early stage flight alarm method mainly is through means such as loudspeaker, stand by lamp and instrument indications with device.Along with the progress of automatic technology, the current alarm device of forming based on computing machine and sensor that generally adopted is referred to as the alarm system that flies, and is also referred to as flight unit alarm system.Current, this system further combines with the driving engine indicating system usually, becomes driving engine indication and unit alarm system.
In addition, in the automation flight system, because the mode of operation of automation is various.Usually, when removing certain crucial automation function, carry out indicative alarm.For example, during the autopilot interruption of work, audible alarm information need be provided.
For a long time, owing to reasons such as technology origin and experience accumulation, the research staff has formed the set thinking in the industry.For example, accomplish the alarm of a parameter through several kinds of alarm means.But, the drawback of this mode is, in real flight environment of vehicle; In case situation takes place; Be pressed for time or condition is limit, the aircrew has no time to attend to through all alarm means and understands and grasp an alarm item, causes them can't promptly and accurately, intuitively understand alarm cause effectively.And then, cause operation mistake.
The built on stilts microbus A330 aircraft of Air France one is not having under the situation of sign carrying out the AF447 flight midway, and the indicated flying speed of Electronic Flight Instrument is unusual suddenly, the autopilot interruption of work immediately that flies.The flight unit is taken over operating aircraft at once, but the flight alarm system sends stall audible alarm information.Common stall reason has aircraft angle of attack excessive, or flying speed is low excessively.And the two simple relation is, if flying speed is low excessively, the aircrew will reduce flying angle, to reduce flight resistance, effectively increases flying speed, and vice versa.
Because lost the channel (flying speed display abnormality) of visual monitoring, the aircrew can only be by rule of thumb.They are operating aircraft correctly, reduces the angle of attack, and flying speed begins to increase, but the flight alarm system sends stall warning once more.In default of the means of visual judgement, therefore the flight unit possibly think that the operation that reduces the angle of attack is wrong by mistake, changes the increasing engine power into, keeps the angle of attack constant, makes aircraft reach the highest flying height.This just makes aircraft get into the flight limit state, possibly cause fatal dark stall (spiral tenesmus) at any time.Trigger one of alert design means of mistake as avoiding, because of the flying speed value changes unusually, alarm system suspends stall warning.At this moment, unit believes that further current increasing engine power and the wrong flight operation that keeps the excessive angle of attack are only correct because the stall warning system owing to velocity anomaly stops alarm, possibly cause flying.
Under the intervention of senior chaufeur, aircraft is once towards the correct direction operation that reduces the angle of attack, gathers way subsequently.Because of flying speed returns to normal scope, activated the stall warning function again, stall warning appears once more; The flight unit possibly misread once more, and current correct operation is wrong, strengthens the angle of attack again; Aircraft is crossed the low dark stall that gets into because of speed subsequently, with collision of Atlantic ocean surface and disintegration.From the angle of warning technology, aircraft overhead night flight at that time in ocean surface, the Atlantic Ocean, the flight unit can't be judged flight attitude through the visual inspection external world.If lose the means of instrument indication at this moment again, existing audible alarm means are not enough to accomplish last defencive function.
This shows that the design concept of existing flight alarm system exists fails to indicate whether lucidly the defective of faulty operation.
The interpretation of flying speed is unusual, usually with the machine of measurement air speed on air data system relevant.Because the temperature of high and medium is subzero value, aerial freezing is natural environment naturally occurring, the puzzlement flight safety.Icing environment causes gathering on the machine data perturbation of atmosphere easily, and also aeroperformance of havoc aircraft itself freezes.At this moment, if aircrew's interpretation mistake is easy to cause aircraft stall, even crash.
The finiteness of oil resources causes fuel price constantly soaring, and the fact of the more similar jet airplane fuel-economizing 30% of propeller aeroplane makes such aircraft come into vogue again.Though the environmental protection more of this aircraft, the limitation of itself have caused the flying height of this type aircraft lower, day-to-day operation just more frequently is exposed in the environment that freezes.
An aerial flight safety problem of freezing and not solving fully as yet as international flight circle for a long time; Take precautions against in a key of possible trouble and just be; How more effectively to help correct interpretation of flight unit and the extremely urgent potential danger of identification, and the inevitable component part that more effective flight alarm means are its technical solutions.
Scientific research shows that when a dangerous situation appearred in aircraft, cockpit crew often high concentration paid close attention to some aspect, and can not in time consider a problem comprehensively; In addition, many accident analysis reports all show, when aircraft gets into last precarious position; Because multinomial flight parameter reaches maximum safe limit, various alarm calls are come thick and fast, and the aircrew is at a loss as to what to do; Cause further thinking, judgement and operation chaotic; In this case, workload is the scope that can bear of normal person head and shoulders above, and this tragedy that should not take place develops into cruel reality thus.
A kind of in addition common situation is owing to reasons such as error in data, the system failures, possibly lose one or more alarm means.For example, when the cockpit fault is on fire,, just seriously hindered the usefulness of visual warning if smog is strong.
Trend from technical development; In order to ensure the sustainable development of air-transport industry effectively; It is increasingly automated that the flight operation of aircarrier aircraft is moving towards; For example, be currently included in the flight at the minimizing vertical dimension interval (RVSM) of implementing in the Chinese spatial domain, the new flying methods such as (PBN) of the navigation based on performance that international air transport circle is being carried out energetically, all will do not allow aircrew's manual operations.On this supermatic modernized aircarrier aircraft, in normal flight, the aircrew is difficult to deeply to hold the inner high speed and complicated running mechanism of flight computer, and working result that can only supervisory control computer.How to keep aviator's state of flight consciousness, ensure their monitoring capacity the aircraft automatic system, under the various environment, comprise and correctly control aircraft under system's upset condition, guarantee flight safety, be the long-term problem of paying close attention to of international air transport circle.
This shows, must grow with each passing hour,, research and develop new alarm mode in order to ensure the application of the increasingly automated flight system of development.But its difficult point is; Should more comprehensively and objectively alarm; Be unlikely to subversiveness ground at aspects such as technical scheme and enforcement approach again and change current flight alarm system and mechanism; To keep long-term custom that forms of industry and aircrew's the approach of forming, the i.e. society of flight status, experience and technical ability accumulation and subject achievement as far as possible.
In the design of alarming threshold value, adopt two types of greatest limit and minimum limits usually, for example maximum flight operation speed and minimum flight operation speed.One type of yes-no type judgement that threshold value is normal value and outlier in addition.For example space truck A330 aircraft institute design-calculated angle of attack audible alarm threshold value is a maximum angle of attack, under normal angle of attack value and designer think the situation of false air speed data input, stops to alarm.
Current flight alarm system adopts vision, the sense of hearing and tactile alert means usually, but the alarm of not all information all must be used these three kinds of means simultaneously.But clear more simply more, the alarm effect is best.
In current audible alarm means, generally adopt the sound of recording in advance to distinguish all kinds of warning information.But this technological deficiency of pre-recording the alarm mode is, fails effectively to characterize the directive property that warning information itself has.For example, can't distinguish the current flight state and will exceed maximum flight operation speed (higher limit), still will be lower than minimum flight operation speed (lower limit), just notify the value of going beyond the limit of simply.
Similarly, it is to have got into maximum angle of attack that this mode can't be distinguished aircraft, still returns to the zone of True Data from false data.For example, in AF447 flight case, the aircrew has saved aircraft effectively, although the angle of attack still is lower than outlier, the efficient recovery that has owing to air speed causes angle of attack alarm clearing, and continues alarm.But this time, the cockpit crew maybe be because angle of attack alarm be sounded again, and causing them to misread this only is because speed is excessive, therefore strengthens the angle of attack by error, with minimizing speed, caused the excessive and stall of aircraft angle of attack.
Therefore; Be necessary to study later-model audible alarm mode, logic and corresponding device thereof; Effectively increase the audible alarm means and desire the comprehensive of expressing information, particularly, strengthen the state consciousness of audible alarm means exactly; The alarm character (transfinite, or mal etc.) of warning information is provided as far as possible.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency to the prior art existence; The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of flight alarm device based on audio frequency frequency conversion principle; This alarm device has reduced by same warning information and has disposed the demand of visual alarm simultaneously; When having realized in simplified system alarm means as far as possible, reduce aircrew's mental burden, more comprehensive, more effective warning information is provided, improves the efficient of audible alarm.
The technical scheme that realizes objects of the present invention is following:
A kind of alarm device based on audio frequency frequency conversion principle comprises the audio control apparatus that frequency variation signal is provided, signal conditioning package; Data acquisition unit, said audio control apparatus produces corresponding frequency conversion audio output signal according to control command, and control command is accomplished by signal conditioning package; Signal conditioning package and data acquisition unit are crosslinked; According to the variation tendency of flight parameter, identify required alarm project, trigger and the corresponding frequency conversion audible alarm of this alarm project logic.These alarm logic excitation audio control apparatus make audio control apparatus produce audio alert signal, give audio output device (driving compartment loud speaker or aviator's earphone), accomplish frequency conversion alarm (as shown in Figure 1).Said audible alarm information is to generate in real time, though software is complicated, has good alerting ability.
Also the frequency conversion recorded audio signals of pre-recording can be provided in the storage module in the said alarm device; When sending warning information when alarm logic excitation audio control apparatus; Drive frequency conversion warning signal corresponding with this alarm project, that pre-record; Give audio output device (driving compartment loud speaker or aviator's earphone), accomplish the frequency conversion alarm.Said warning information is recorded in advance, and the method for pre-recording is a kind of cost effective method, and shortcoming is that the quantity and the form of warning signal has been fixed.
Said signal conditioning package can also comprise later-model devices such as centralized data acquisition process unit based on the ethernet framework for existing flight management system, flight alarm computer system, driving engine indication and unit alarm system.
Alarm device based on audio frequency frequency conversion principle of the present invention; Because the integrated level of current avionics system is different; The form that alarm device can be used as autonomous device exists; Also can be integrated in the other system, for example autoflight system, driving engine indication and unit alarm system etc. become a kind of function wherein.
Based on the framework of existing flight alarm system, only change its audible alarm mode, promptly adjust and reform and be frequency conversion (rising-falling tone) mode from stationary tone, ensure feasibility, reliability of products and the user's of engineering economy.
For the parameter that adopts higher limit, lower limit alarm: flying speed for example, can use the mode of raising frequency (tone is uprised by low) to represent in " aircraft current trend towards exceeding maximum flight operation speed "; Mode with frequency reducing (tone is by high step-down) is represented " aircraft current trend towards being lower than minimum flight operation speed ".
For the parameter that adopts normal value, outlier alarm: flying angle for example, can represent by the mode of raising frequency (tone is uprised by low) by " aircraft current trend towards exceeding the normal flight angle of attack "; Mode with frequency reducing (tone is by high step-down) is represented " aircraft current trend towards returning to the normal flight angle of attack ".
For the complicacy of many warning information alarm occasion: in having the occasion that many warning information occur simultaneously, current seaworthiness regulation is must the ordering alarm, and, must restriction the quantity of alarm simultaneously, the alarm of lower priority must temporary inhibition.But actual conditions are, along with the changed condition of aircraft, original alert priority must change, and the flight alarm device can be arranged original alarm order automatically again.The present invention can characterize this situation of change more brightly, promptly can be represented by the mode of raising frequency (tone by low uprise) " this warning information priority higher and begin alarm (comprising advanced warning) "; Mode with frequency reducing (tone is by high step-down) is represented " this warning information suspends because priority is lower ".
Application for prompting and alarm mode of operation state: the aircrew has a mind to intervene the mode of operation that changes and prompts for frequency reducing (tone is by high step-down) alarm; And system's internal and external factor and when removing a certain mode of operation; When promptly automatically terminating mode of operation, use raising frequency (tone is uprised by low) alarm.
Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b have proposed to realize a kind of frequency conversion curve of the present invention's audible alarm mode that propose, that have two dimensions of information.Wherein, Fig. 2 a is a rising tune frequency conversion curve, and Fig. 2 b is a falling tone frequency conversion curve.Among the figure, t
1Be constant frequency f
1Working stage, t
2Be f
nThe frequency conversion working stage, t
3Be constant frequency f
2Working stage.
In order to realize the function that indicates of alarm project and this this bidimensional of alarm project variation tendency simultaneously, the terminal of this curve is constant frequency, and interlude is frequency conversion.The terminal of curve is respectively different constant frequency frequencies, the project that the audio frequency characteristics that is possessed is alarmed for the aircrew indicates (for example being angle of attack alarm); The variation tendency that the audio frequency characteristics of frequency conversion frequency range indicates this alarm project promptly realizes directive property (change aggravation, or improve).
This shows,, can realize that an audible alarm passes on alarm project and these two information of variation tendency simultaneously through the frequency conversion mode.
Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b and Fig. 3 c are frequency conversion curve examples of applications, comprise single alarm, the alarm of Fig. 3 b double-bang firecracker and Fig. 3 c three sound alarm modes of ringing of Fig. 3 a.
Alarm device of the present invention increases this characteristic of change direction property that sign warning information itself has through the tonal variations of frequency conversion.Realized under the situation that does not increase the alarm means, indicated the variation tendency of institute's warning information more clearly for the aircrew.Solve the limitation of existing audible alarm mode, improve the efficient of audible alarm.
This method and apparatus can be used for all kinds of alarm systems that need directional information to express, for example related application occasions such as railway locomotive, water surface ship and all kinds of autonomous cruise speed systems.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention is based on the alarm device of audio frequency frequency conversion principle;
Fig. 2 a is a rising tune frequency conversion curve of the present invention;
Fig. 2 b is a falling tone frequency conversion curve of the present invention;
Fig. 3 a is one of frequency conversion curve examples of applications of the present invention: single alarm curve that rings;
Fig. 3 b is two of frequency conversion curve examples of applications of the present invention: double-bang firecracker alarm curve;
Fig. 3 c is three: three sound alarm curves of frequency conversion curve examples of applications of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further specify the present invention and how to realize.
Embodiment 1
The applied analysis of AF447 flight
When aircraft angle of attack was excessive, the flight alarm system provided the rising tune audible alarm, and to point out the cockpit crew clearly, the angle of attack of current aircraft is surpassing maximum safety-valve value.
When ensuing air speed parameter mal caused angle of attack alarm function to be about to suspend, state of angle of attack was not improved, and still with the audible alarm of rising tune, until supspending, did not improve for the cockpit crew points out state of angle of attack clearly.According to flight training the knowledge that should grasp, the aircrew knows that the another one reason that this angle of attack alarm is ended is the flying speed mal.
When the flight unit pushes away low head, the flying speed parameter is able to rise, and recovers just often, and the angle of attack that the flight alarm system temporarily stops to be alarmed corresponding recovery, but because of this recovery be because due to speed increases; Simultaneously,,, just recover, therefore use the falling tone audible alarm towards the safe edge dividing value in effective minimizing though the angle of attack is excessive, clearly prompting thus, the speed and the angle of attack recover to the direction of safety.
Therefore, it is diverse in itself that the flight unit can only just can be distinguished out twice stall warning through the sense of hearing effectively: promptly for the first time be towards the direction that worsens, for the second time towards the direction of improving.
For the accident case of AF447, if adopted this frequency conversion alarm mode, although occur the excessive alarm of the angle of attack once more, the stall situation is in the improvement process, and this just provides objective information for aircrew's decision-making.
The flight alarm of boundary value
For the parameter that adopts higher limit, lower limit alarm, flying speed for example can use the frequency conversion mode of raising frequency (from low to high) to represent in " aircraft current trend towards exceeding maximum flight operation speed "; Frequency conversion mode with frequency reducing (from high to low) is represented " aircraft current trend towards being lower than minimum flight operation speed ".
For the parameter that adopts normal value, outlier alarm, flying angle for example can be represented by the frequency conversion mode of alarm raising frequency (from low to high) by " aircraft current trend towards exceeding the normal flight angle of attack "; Frequency conversion mode with frequency reducing (from high to low) is represented " aircraft current trend towards returning to the normal flight angle of attack ".
Embodiment 3
The mode of operation prompting of autoflight system
Because the concrete mode of operation of automation flight is a lot, need points out and alarm the state of system's concrete function.The for example releasing of autopilot alarm.
Current prompting mode is, no matter whether has a mind to remove the work of autopilot, all sends identical cantus firmus audible alarm during releasing.
The present invention is when the application scenario of this type prompting and alarm; Can specifically divide into; If when stopping autopilot work, be typically the aircrew and have a mind to remove autopilot work, when changing artificial flight into through operation push-button because of normal condition subsequent; When autopilot quits work, use the alarm of frequency conversion falling tone; The releasing situation if meet accident; Occur unusual like quantitative data inputs such as sudden change of the atmospheric conditions of the system failure, flight environment of vehicle or speed sensors; Be typically the on-condition aborted of autopilot, when autopilot quits work automatically, then use the alarm of frequency conversion rising tune.
Embodiment 3
The application of multiple audio warning information
When aircraft is in complicated flight environment of vehicle, when especially being in dangerous situation, the demand of multiple audible alarm has appearred.For fear of obscuring, current audible alarm mode is can only send two audible alarm usually at synchronization: an audible alarm and a phonic warning, or two audible alarm.Its selection principle is to judge according to the priority of warning information.
Because the situation of aircraft constantly changes; Alarm system is the priority of the continuous audible alarm information that is ranked again automatically; The new warning information of continuous insertion occurs, suppressed complicated audible alarm situations such as existing alarm information or recovery alarm, disturbed aircrew's operation easily.
The present invention has distinct audio frequency directive property characteristic, helps the aircrew to discern the priority characteristic of warning information.For example,, can use the frequency conversion mode of alarm raising frequency (from low to high), and suspended warning information is because priority is low, and is not condition improved, suspend with the also mode of rising tune because the higher warning information of priority gets into; Vice versa.
Embodiment 4
The inhibition indication of warning information
According to the regulation of air worthiness regulation, alarm system must perhaps artificially automatically suppress, to satisfy the needed flight operation environment of cockpit crew.
When this type applications is of the present invention, helps to strengthen the crew and discern the reason consciousness that alarm stops.For example, if system automatically suppresses alarm, for example in the AF447 flight event, when automatic inhibition is alarmed because flying speed is not normal, use of the prompting of frequency conversion rising tune as the alarm termination.If the aircrew through operation push-button, has a mind to suspend when alarming, the prompting of using the frequency conversion falling tone to end as alarm.
Claims (5)
1. the flight alarm device based on audio frequency frequency conversion principle comprises the audio control apparatus that frequency variation signal is provided, signal conditioning package; Data acquisition unit and audio output device is characterized in that: said audio control apparatus produces corresponding frequency conversion audio output signal according to control command, and control command is accomplished by signal conditioning package; Signal conditioning package and data acquisition unit are crosslinked; According to the variation tendency of flight parameter, identify required alarm project, trigger and the corresponding frequency conversion audible alarm of this alarm project logic; These alarm logic excitation audio control apparatus; Make audio control apparatus produce audio alert signal, give audio output device, accomplish the frequency conversion alarm.
2. a kind of flight alarm device according to claim 1 based on audio frequency frequency conversion principle; It is characterized in that: the frequency conversion recorded audio signals of pre-recording is provided in the storage module in audio control apparatus; When sending warning information when alarm logic excitation audio control apparatus; Drive frequency conversion warning signal corresponding with this alarm project, that pre-record, give audio output device, accomplish the frequency conversion alarm.
3. a kind of flight alarm device based on audio frequency frequency conversion principle according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: said audio output device is driving compartment loud speaker or aviator's earphone.
4. a kind of flight alarm device based on audio frequency frequency conversion principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said information processing apparatus is changed to existing flight management system, flight alarm computer system, driving engine indication and unit alarm system and later-model centralized data acquisition process unit based on the ethernet framework.
5. according to the described a kind of flight alarm device of any claim in the claim 1,2,4 based on audio frequency frequency conversion principle; It is characterized in that: said alarm device based on audio frequency frequency conversion principle exists with the form of autonomous device, perhaps is integrated into autoflight system, driving engine indication and unit alarm system.
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| CN106184783A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-12-07 | 哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 | A kind of audible alarm control system |
| CN106628207A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-10 | 上海航空电器有限公司 | Ground proximity warning system alarm inhibition method |
| CN110832567A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2020-02-21 | 株式会社电装 | Alarm sound output device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106184783A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-12-07 | 哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 | A kind of audible alarm control system |
| CN106628207A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-10 | 上海航空电器有限公司 | Ground proximity warning system alarm inhibition method |
| CN106628207B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2022-05-24 | 上海航空电器有限公司 | Alarm suppression method for ground proximity alarm system |
| CN110832567A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2020-02-21 | 株式会社电装 | Alarm sound output device |
| CN110832567B (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2022-05-13 | 株式会社电装 | Alarm sound output device |
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| CN102407945B (en) | 2014-08-06 |
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