CN102426532A - 基于网络的软件扩展 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文描述了用于基于网络或基于因特网提供软件的方法和系统。在一个实施例中,应用程序或软件平台驻留在客户端上。程序或平台被配置为可以基于软件扩展而进行扩展,软件扩展可以通过诸如因特网之类的网络来提供。第三方开发人员可以开发各种扩展,以便集成到程序或平台中。在描述的实施例中,包括软件扩展的扩展文件在因特网服务器上托管。其他文件也可以在因特网服务器上托管,并描述软件扩展的各个方面。其他文件包括描述对程序或平台的扩展的逻辑连接的文件,以及描述扩展文件的位置的文件。扩展可以通过导航到特定的因特网站点在客户端上集成,可以通过因特网站点访问扩展。描述扩展文件的文件也可以下载到客户端上。这些文件告诉客户端将特定的扩展插入到什么位置,以及到哪里可以找到适当的扩展文件以及如何下载它们。然后可以下载扩展文件并集成到程序或平台上。
Description
本发明专利申请是申请日为2001年5月11日、申请号为01813138.7、名称为“基于网络的软件扩展”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于通过网络提供软件的方法和系统。更具体来说,本发明涉及基于因特网提供软件的方法。
发明背景
安装传统的PC应用程序要求必须将诸如磁盘或CD-ROM之类的物理媒体从物理上插入到计算机中,才能将软件加载到用户的计算机上。通常,此过程要求用户输入设置信息,这些信息可能会使用户产生混淆。一旦安装了软件,该软件通常在其位置和功能方面比较固定。在更新软件时,用户通常必须购买另外的物理媒体,并重复安装过程,然后才可以使用更新的软件。在此模式下,软件与安装了该软件的计算机的关联也是固定的。如果用户移到另一台计算机上,若不重复安装过程,他们就不能使用他们机器上的特定的软件。
随着计算技术继续往诸如因特网之类的计算机网络环境方面发展,很显然,上文描述的传统的软件提供模式不足以满足按需点播动态、灵活并可修改的软件的消费者的需求。基于网络的软件提供方式正在成为那些开发和提供软件的人越来越常采用的方式。发挥出基于网络的软件提供方式的潜力将要求智能、创新的而流线型的解决方案,特别是在带宽可能受限制的情况下。
相应地,本发明是基于这样的目的而产生的:提供新的软件提供模式,该模式必须特别适用于基于网络提供软件的方式,例如,通过因特网提供软件。
发明内容
本文描述了用于基于网络提供软件的方法和系统。在一个实施例中,应用程序或软件平台驻留在客户端上。程序或平台被配置为可以基于软件扩展而进行扩展,软件扩展可以通过诸如因特网之类的网络来提供。第三方开发人员可以开发各种扩展,以便集成到程序或平台中。
在描述的一个实施例中,包括软件扩展的扩展文件在诸如因特网服务器之类的网络服务器上托管。这些文件包括描述软件扩展的各个方面的描述文件。这些描述文件从逻辑上描述对程序或平台的扩展,并指定其他扩展文件的位置。扩展可以通过导航到特定的网络或因特网站点在客户端上集成,可以通过因特网站点访问扩展。描述扩展文件的文件也可以下载到客户端上。这些文件告诉客户端在什么位置、何时以及如何将特定的扩展插入到程序或平台中,以及在哪里找到适当的扩展文件以及如何下载它们。然后可以下载扩展文件并集成到平台上。
在一个实施例中,提供了本发明的软件体系结构,用于处理和统一与各种扩展关联的特定类型的描述文件。使用一种名为连接点的筛选机制,创建针对不同描述类型的文件的处理程序,这些文件定义软件扩展。每一个处理程序也被称作连接管理器。为每一种可扩展功能类型提供了连接管理器。连接管理器能够解释连接点所提供的扩展文件中的数据。除了预定义的连接管理器外,也可以使用连接点中的数据创建自定义连接管理器。当一个扩展对特定功能类型进行扩展时,连接点可以确保只通知适当的连接管理器,以便可以有效地将功能类型集成到程序或平台中。
附图说明
图1是可以根据描述的一个实施例加以利用的系统的高级别视图。
图2是可以根据描述的实施例加以利用的示范计算机系统。
图3是根据描述的一个实施例的示范EDF和PKG的示意图。
图4显示了根据描述的实施例的EDF的一部分。
图5显示了根据描述的实施例的EDF架构的一部分。
图6显示了根据描述的实施例的PKG的一部分。
图7是说明根据一个实施例如何使用文件哈希进行版本控制的方框图。
图8是说明根据一个实施例的两个示范程序包对象的方框图。
图9是描述根据描述的一个实施例的方法中的步骤的流程图。
图10是描述根据描述的一个实施例的方法中的步骤的流程图。
图11是说明根据描述的一个实施例的示范程序包清单创建工具的方框图。
图12是描述根据描述的一个实施例的方法中的步骤的流程图。
图13是描述根据描述的一个实施例的方法中的步骤的流程图。
图14是根据描述的实施例的方法中的步骤的流程图。
图15是根据描述的实施例的方法中的步骤的流程图。
图16显示了根据描述的实施例的示范目录结构的一部分。
图17是根据描述的实施例的软件体系结构的方框图。
图18是根据描述的实施例的方法中的步骤的流程图。
图19是说明根据描述的实施例的连接点体系结构的一个方面的示意图。
图20是说明图17的体系结构的一个方面的示意图。
具体实施方式
概述
下面描述的方法和系统提供一种机制,通过该机制可以将功能动态地添加到应用程序或软件平台中。功能或如通常所称的“扩展”,优选情况下,可以通过诸如因特网之类的网络进行添加。可以实现新功能或添加到现有的功能中的扩展,可以只使用诸如URL之类的网络地址作为安装扩展的基础来进行添加。即,包括扩展在内的所有文件可以在网络上进行维护,并可以通过一个或多个网络站点进行访问。
可以以各种方式对扩展进行描述。一种方法利用基于标记的层次型语言,该语言有助于各种扩展的处理和使用。在一个特定的实现中,提供一种可以集成各种功能的软件平台。下面描述的软件平台和本发明的体系结构可以允许第三方和第四方开发人员针对该平台开发扩展,这些扩展可以轻松而无缝地集成到平台中,而不必具有任何托管服务知识,或与托管服务的关系。第三方开发人员是为该平台开发扩展的开发人员。第四方开发人员可以是针对第三方开发人员的扩展开发扩展的开发人员。因此,第三方和第四方扩展的集成对于开发人员来说本质上是透明的过程。
例如,请看下面的情况,图1显示了用户的计算机100,和多个所谓的扩展源102、104和106。扩展源可以包括任何实体,可以通过网络从这些实体中获得软件扩展。在示范实现中,网络可以包括因特网,虽然也可以利用其他网络,例如,局域网和广域网。扩展源可以包括,但不局限于,企业实体,如可以维护网络站点的零售店。在一个实现中,用户可以在他们的提供应用程序或软件平台的计算机上运行软件。在本文档中,将互换地使用术语“应用程序”和“软件平台”。每一种不同的扩展源102-106都可以提供软件扩展,这些软件扩展可以插入到软件平台中,该软件平台在用户的机器上运行。这些扩展可以通过诸如因特网之类的网络而提供,并可以帮助提供可以在用户的机器上运行的应用程序。在描述的实施例中,扩展在逻辑上是以XML描述的,该语言符合新出现的工业标准。此外,使用XML还可以通过在因特网上促进XML DOM属性而有助于扩展的可发现性。但是,还可以理解,可以使用任何适当的格式来描述扩展,例如,可以使用二进制来进行描述。
可以从任意数量的不同扩展源提供扩展。本发明的方法和系统提供了一种流线型而有组织的方式,用于处理提供的扩展。优选情况下,使用XML可以更有效地处理来自多个不同扩展源的扩展,而不会过度地对利用一个扩展或多个扩展的特定部分的软件组件造成负担。
在一个特定实现中,用户的机器上的软件平台提供各种不同的集成功能,以便允许用户完成不同的以文档为中心的任务。在上文引用的标题为“单窗口导航方法和系统”的美国专利申请中描述了一个示范系统。
示范计算机环境
下文所述的实施例可以与各种计算机系统一起使用。本文档中使用的计算机系统可以被视为包括某些类型的处理器,即,微处理器,和某些类型的操作系统的任何计算设备。因此,计算机系统可以被解释为包括,但不局限于,传统的桌面计算机、功能更强大的服务器、各种掌上设备,如,移动电话、袖珍计算机设备等等。
图2只显示了一个可用于实现此处描述的实施例的示范计算机系统。计算机130包括一个或多个处理器或处理单元132、系统内存134,以及将包括系统内存134在内的各种系统组件连结到处理器132的总线136。总线136代表多种类型的总线结构中的任何一个或多种,包括内存总线或内存控制器、外围总线、加速图形端口,以及处理器或使用各种总线体系结构中的任何一种体系结构的本地总线。系统内存134包括只读存储器ROM 138和随机存取存储器RAM 140。ROM 138中存储了基本输入/输出系统BIOS 142,里面包含帮助在计算机130内的各个元件之间,如在启动过程中,传输信息的基本例程。
计算机130进一步包括硬盘驱动器144,用于从硬盘(未显示)读取和向硬盘中写入,磁盘驱动器146,用于从可移动磁盘148读取和向其中写入,以及光盘驱动器150,用于从可移动光盘152,如CD ROM或其他光学媒体,读取或向其中写入。硬盘驱动器144、磁盘驱动器146,以及光盘驱动器150通过SCSI接口154或一些其他适当的接口连接到总线136。驱动器和它们关联的计算机可读的媒体为计算机130非易失性地存储计算机可读的指令、数据结构、程序模块和其他数据。虽然此处描述的示范环境使用了硬盘、可移动磁盘148和可移动光盘152,但是那些精通本技术的人应该理解,可以存储计算机可访问的数据的其他类型的计算机可读的媒体,如磁带、闪存卡、数字视盘、随机存取存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM等等,也可以在示范工作环境中使用。
许多程序模块可以存储在硬盘144、磁盘148、光盘152、ROM 138、或RAM140中,包括操作系统158、一个或多个应用程序160、其他程序模块162,以及程序数据164。用户可以通过诸如键盘166和指针设备168之类的输入设备向计算机130中输入命令和信息。其他输入设备(未显示)可以包括麦克风、游戏杆、游戏板、碟形卫星天线、扫描仪或类似的装置。这些输入设备和其他输入设备通过接口170连接到处理单元132,接口170连接到总线136。监视器172或其他类型的显示设备也通过一个接口,如视频适配器174,连接到系统总线136。除了监视器之外,个人计算机通常包括诸如扬声器和打印机之类的其他外围输出设备(未显示)。
计算机130通常可以在一个网络环境中运行,使用逻辑连接与一台或多台远程计算机,如远程计算机176,相连接。远程计算机176可以是另一台个人计算机、服务器、路由器、网络PC、对等设备或其他通用网络节点,通常包括上文关于计算机130的描述中的许多或者所有元件,虽然在图2中只显示了存储设备178。图2描述的逻辑连接包括局域网(LAN)180和广域网(WAN)182。这样的网络环境在办公室、企业计算机网络、Intranet以及因特网中是常见的。
当计算机130在LAN网络环境中使用时,它通过网络接口或适配器184连接到本地网络180。当计算机130在WAN网络环境中使用时,它通常包括调制解调器186或其他装置,用于在诸如因特网之类的广域网182上建立通信。调制解调器186可以是内置式或外置式的,通过串行端口接口156连接到总线136。在网络环境中,涉及个人计算机130的程序模块,或者它的一部分,可以存储在远程存储设备中。显然,这里显示的网络连接是示范性的,也可以使用其他装置在计算机之间建立通信链接。
一般来讲,计算机130的数据处理器通过在不同时间存储在计算机上的各种计算机可读的存储媒体中的指令来控制。程序和操作系统通常是分布式的,例如,分布在软盘或CD-ROM上。从那里,它们被安装或加载到计算机的辅助内存中。在执行时,它们被至少部分地加载到计算机的主要电子内存中。当媒体包含指令或程序,用于与微处理器或其他数据处理器一起实现下面描述的步骤时,此处描述的发明包括这些和其他各种类型的计算机可读的存储媒体。当根据下面描述的方法和技术进行控制时,本发明还包括计算机本身。
为便于说明,程序和其他可执行程序组件,如操作系统,此处作为不连续的区块来显示,虽然这样的程序和组件在不同的时间驻留在计算机的不同的存储组件中,并由计算机的数据处理器来执行。
扩展
本文档中使用的“扩展”,将被视为包括,但不局限于,可以被添加到应用程序或软件平台中的软件功能和内容。这些添加通常提供在集成该扩展之前应用程序可能没有的某些类型的功能,或至少改变一个现有的功能的行为。扩展可以直接被集成到应用程序中,在某种程度上,改变应用程序表现或操作的方式。扩展动态地提供添加的内容,并可以提供诸如电子邮件应用程序之类的应用程序、扩展现有的应用程序的插件,如插入到电子邮件应用程序中的传真,或网页,这里仅举几个例子而已。
在描述的实施例中,扩展是使用XML描述的,XML是一个工业标准,基于文本的标记语言。XML可大大地有助于软件内容的可扩展性。具体来说,可以由第三方创作不同的扩展,这些扩展可以以XML以这样的方式来描述,以便将扩展轻松地集成到应用程序中。但是,应该理解,XML只是描述和使用扩展的一个示范方式。当然,也可以使用其他方式。
示范扩展组织
在描述的实施例中,扩展可以以三个单独的但相关的部分来组织:扩展定义文件(EDF)、程序包清单(PKG),以及组成或定义扩展的代码、组件或“位”。EDF可以是,但不必与URL(通用资源定位器)关联,URL提供一种供客户端访问EDF的方式。根据约定和选择,PKG文件与EDF位于同一URL。应该理解,描述的EDF和PKG都是独立的,要使用其中一个,不必需要另一个。在本文档中所给出的示例中,两个在一起使用,这只是一个巧合而已。总之,这些功能中的每一个功能都可以单独而独立地使用。
EDF描述了到应用程序或软件平台的逻辑连接,而PKG指定了在扩展中使用的物理文件和资源。在EDF和PKG之间可以有一对一的对应关系。
图3显示了一个示范组织300,它包括EDF 302和对应的程序包清单(PKG)304。在说明的示例中,EDF 302使用XML来描述到应用程序的逻辑连接或扩展。对应的PKG 304指定了与特定的扩展关联的物理文件和资源。PKG 304的右边显示了示范文件类型,包括,但不局限于,HTM、GIF、UDO、XML、DLL和其他不同类型的文件。
扩展定义文件(EDF)
在描述的示例中,EDF是从逻辑上描述扩展的XML文件。例如,EDF可以描述构成用户界面(UI)的HTML,包含用于实现各种功能的代码的对象等等。EDF还可以包含构成一个扩展的所有或部分功能。例如,描述一个工具栏的HTML可以直接集成到EDF文件中,工具栏连接管理器可以从EDF文件中而不是从URL中读取它。EDF中包含的信息以及PKG中包含的信息经过处理,适当的文件将自动安装在用户的计算机上。这是平静地执行的,而不必处理计算机的永久设置,如用户的系统注册表中的那些设置。
以XML实现的EDF,包含与各种扩展关联的各种标记。各种标记可以对应于:
·用户界面元素
·行为/组件/对象
·存储元素
·用户定义的对象
·或代表应用程序或平台中的可扩展点的别的东西
优选情况下,EDF具有“开放的架构”,就是说,第三方开发人员可以通过创建他们自己的标记扩展该扩展机制,并包括他们自己的扩展。此外,扩展本身也可以由其他开发人员来扩展。EDF还可以具有一个或多个预定义的标记。在用户界面元素中使用的预定义的示范XML标记可以包括用于诸如工具栏、快捷键、菜单项,以及主题之类的功能类型的标记。这些功能类型在上文引用的单个可导航的窗口应用程序中利用并在下表中进行了定义:
表1
用于行为/组件/对象的预定义示范XML标记包括用于提供服务的标记。这些功能类型在上文引用的单个可导航的窗口应用程序中利用并在下表中进行了定义:
表2
用于存储元素的预定义示范XML标记包括用于内容类和脱机数据源的标记。这些功能类型在上文引用的单个可导航的窗口应用程序中利用并在下表中进行了定义:
表3
EDF架构
在描述的实施例中,EDF具有可以利用的特定XML架构。该架构包含以层次型组织排列的XML标记集合,以有助于向需要某些扩展的软件组件传播信息。在描述的实施例中,EDF的外部标记,即,外围标记,是“扩展”标记。
图4显示了示范扩展标记。“扩展”标记可以包括下列属性中的一个或多个,这些属性中所有的属性都是可选的:
表4
在“扩展”外部标记内有一个或多个子标记,也被称为“顶级标记”。这些顶级标记中每一个标记都与可以由特定扩展添加的功能类型相关联。我们将结合上面的表1-3讨论示范功能类型。在每一个顶级标记下面都可以有一个或多个子标记,它们分别与由特定扩展添加的功能类型的特定功能相关联。
图5显示了根据本实施例的示范XML架构组织。对于EDF中的每一个顶级标记,都有一个关联的连接管理器,该管理器是一个软件组件,它接收与标记关联的数据,以使数据可用于将扩展集成到平台或应用程序中。不同的连接管理器可以以不同的方式解释标记中的数据,以提供不同类型的可扩展性,这样,不同的顶级标记将包含具有不同结构的不同类型的数据。这一点将在下面“体系结构”部分变得更加明显。注意,“edf:”XML名称空间限定符可以支持开放的架构,在此扩展可以提供它们自己的标记和对应的连接管理器。edf名称空间内的标记由应用程序或软件平台中的内置连接管理器来使用。其他名称空间中的标记由第三方使用,以提供另外的可扩展点。
程序包清单(PKG文件)
程序包清单(PKG)有助于以多个文件的形式通过诸如因特网之类的网络来下载软件的组织工作。优选情况下,在本文档给出的示例中,PKG与EDF一起使用。但是,正如上文所指出的,与PKG一起讨论的技术可以独立于EDF而进行部署,并以任何适当的通过诸如因特网之类的网络提供软件的方案进行部署。虽然EDF描述到应用程序或平台的扩展的逻辑连接,但是,程序包清单的作用是有助于下列一项或多项:有组织的提供、验证和/或,更新与可以提供的各种扩展关联的文件。
在设计借助于Web的软件内容或文件提供机制时,有多个需要注意的事项。
只要有可能,在更新和安装操作期间减少需要的下载内容的大小是理想的。为达到这一目的,可以将软件内容分成多个程序包。每一个程序包都包含一组一个或多个用于实现一个通用或定义明确的功能的文件。通过将内容分成单个程序包,在安装和更新期间需要的下载内容的大小可以最大限度地缩小。然后,通过程序包清单(PKG)描述每一个程序包,该程序包清单包含文件信息,如文件位置和可以用于验证或确保安全和进行版本控制的哈希值。
给最终用户提供一个类似于Web的体验也是理想的。为此,扩展可以以一种用户感觉起来更像他们是加载网页的方式来加载,而不是象传统的软件程序包那样,在使用传统的软件程序包时,用户必须等到整个程序包加载完毕,他们才能与它进行交互。在描述的实施例中,通过以下方式给用户提供了一个类似于Web的体验:将扩展流式播放到客户端以使用户可以开始与应用程序进行交互,而不必等待整个软件应用程序加载完毕。例如,如果有用户界面(UI)图像文件正在流式播放,那么用户可以在文件正在流式播放时看到UI。例如,假设上文引用的专利申请中描述的具有多个不同的功能的单应用程序。用户可以浏览到电子邮件功能并下载与电子邮件功能进行交互所需要的文件。与另一个不同的功能关联的文件将在与电子邮件功能关联的文件下载之后下载。如此,用户可以开始在一个特定功能内操作,无需等待与所有其他功能关联的所有文件下载完毕。
另一个注意事项涉及扩展文件或“位”传输到客户端的效率。为达到这一目的,描述的实施例利用了几个不同的下载方法:限制式下载和后台下载。限制式下载在进行下载操作时同时考虑到可用带宽和用于传输文件的媒体类型。可以使用任何适当的限制式下载过程,那些精通本技术的人应该可以理解。进行后台下载的同时用户可以在应用程序内工作,后台下载是通过分配后台线程来实现的,因此用户可以继续他们的工作。可以利用的一个优点是程序包会按优先次序排列并根据用户可以使用的功能而提供。
另一个注意事项与优化用户的计算体验关联。这里,用户的体验可以通过为用户提供最常见的方案而优化。有效地实现这一点的方法是,向用户提供他们首先需要的功能,然后,通过后台下载过程,提供用于实现用户可以将来使用的功能的代码。为确定用户首先需要哪些功能,提供了一个自动的基于方案的包装过程,该过程从脚本化方案针对文件使用日志运行。
下面几部分将详细地讨论所有这些注意事项以及本发明针对这些注意事项的解决方案。
程序包清单定义
在描述的实施例中,程序包清单(PKG文件)包含在程序包中利用的文件的列表。优选情况下,该列表在某种程度上经过压缩,并经过数字签名。每一个程序包清单都可以包含一个或多个文件的列表,每一个文件都可以包括关联的哈希以及控制文件缓存的下载指令。一旦创作了扩展,可使用软件工具生成程序包清单。
此外,程序包清单可以指定多种其他信息:
·文件组
可以根据许多预定义的文件组来对扩展中的所有文件进行标记。特定文件的文件组确定何时下载特定的文件,存储在客户端上的什么位置,以及如何包装。在描述的实施例中,提供了四个预定义的文件组,并在下表中列出和描述:
*CAB表示Internet Explorer用来封装供下载的位的CAB技术。CAB文件平均压缩2到3∶1,并为快速扩展进行了优化。CAB文件具有安全性##得到增强的优点,因为可以轻松地对它们进行签名。
·文件下载优先级
每一个组中的文件都根据下载它们应该采取的顺序列出。此下载顺序对于程序包清单中的文件的顺序是隐式的,图6显示了其中一个示例。
·用于确保安全/进行版本控制的哈希值
程序包清单中的单个文件可以有关联的哈希值。每一个哈希值都是通过加密算法运行该文件而生成的。一个示范加密算法是微软的CryptoAPI。在说明的示例中,每一个文件都可以用基本64位编码的哈希值列出,以便一旦内容到达客户端以后可以对文件进行验证。具体来说,程序包清单以安全的方式,即,它经过数字签名,被发送到客户端。程序包清单包含单个文件的哈希值。当客户端接收到单个文件时,每一个文件都可以通过用于在程序包清单中提供哈希值的同一Crypto API来运行。如果特定文件的哈希值相同,那么,该文件没有被修改并且是安全的。
在更新文件时,哈希值可以用于识别在扩展的不同版本之间没有被更改的文件。请看图7。在客户端程序包缓存中一个旧目录700包含程序包A,该程序包包括两个文件一文件1,哈希为x,以及文件2,哈希为y。假设此程序包与一个扩展的旧版本关联。当产生更新的版本时,其程序包清单被传输到客户端。更新的扩展版本在代码的源目录或Web服务器704上表示。程序包清单包括新扩展版本中所有文件的哈希值。为新扩展的所有文件定义了新客户端目标目录702。如果新扩展中的文件的任何哈希值都与旧目录700中的文件的哈希值相同,那么这些文件就可以直接从旧目录700复制到新目标目录702。在此示例中,文件1的哈希值与源目录704上的文件1的哈希值相同,因此,它可以复制到新目标目录702。但是,文件2的哈希值不同于源目录上的文件2的哈希值,因此,它不能从旧目录700复制。文件2应该从代码服务器中下载。添加了新文件3,它也是从代码服务器中下载的。因此,在此示例中,一个扩展的新版本导致下载内容比扩展版本中的所有文件少。这是因为,旧扩展版本中的每一个文件的哈希值能够与新扩展版本中的文件的哈希值进行比较。相同的那些哈希值表示在不同版本之间文件没有被更改。
使用用于进行版本控制的哈希值与传统的版本控制方案相比具有两个重要优点。首先,更新过程是自动的。即,在使用显式版本号的情况下,在发行文件的新版本时,可能会忘记更新版本号。使用哈希值就可以避免这一问题。其次,版本控制不依赖于文件类型。具体来说,传统的版本控制方案通常在文件内嵌入版本信息;但是,并非所有文件,例如,GIF文件,都支持嵌入版本信息。在本示例中,使用用于进行版本控制的哈希值不依赖于特定的文件类型是否支持嵌入版本信息。此外,版本信息可以与文件本身分开单独存储。因此,不需要对实际文件进行访问,便可以确定它是否为当前版本。
·程序包的总存储大小
程序包的总存储大小在下载时可以用于验证用户是否有足够的磁盘空间。
·DLL的ClassID
列出每一个DLL的ClassID是需要的,以允许脚本编写者通过对OM编写脚本来创建类。此外,这还可以判断哪一个程序包包含特定类的代码。
·DLL加载依存关系
依存关系的原因部分是允许依赖于在一些其他的dll的搜索路径中才能加载的旧代码。在这种情况下,我们必须确保从属dll在加载从属dll之前位于程序包缓存目录中。图6显示了以基于标记的层次型语言定义的示范程序包清单600。优选情况下,基于标记的语言包含XML,该语言可随意扩展而灵活。在此示例中,许多标记以层次型布局提供的。“程序包”标记包含有关程序包的大小的信息。“文件”标记是“程序包”标记的子标记,并包含有关在该特定程序包中包含的文件组的信息。“文件”标记是“组”标记的子标记,并包含有关包含扩展的特定文件的信息,即,文件名和哈希值。“依存关系”标记是作为“文件”标记的子标记而提供的,并如上文所讨论的那样列出任何依存关系。“COMClass”标记也是作为“文件”标记的子标记而提供的,并如上文所提到的那样包含ID。此架构中的文件组的顺序隐式定义了文件的下载顺序。
程序包提供
要优化程序包提供,可以利用两个不同的提供方案。首先,使用已知的限制式下载技术来利用限制式下载方法。这里,需要考虑诸如可用带宽和用于提供扩展的媒体之类的注意事项。
其次,利用后台下载方法。后台下载能使用户在下载内容时继续在应用程序内工作。当用户通过单击扩展链接而显式请求文件/扩展时,或通过单击“撰写”邮件按钮请求一个操作并请求下载本地不可用的文件时,使用前台下载。
除后台下载外,还提供了队列管理功能。具体来说,当必须安装或更新扩展时,程序包管理器具有下列信息,程序包管理器本质上是用于管理程序包的软件组件:
·代码服务器上程序包清单信息的URL
·客户端上程序包缓存中的程序包目标目录的URN
·可选地,程序包缓存中的旧程序包目录的URN,如果存在的话
从此信息中,程序包管理器创建程序包对象并向下载队列中添加程序包对象。下载队列是为便于对程序包下载顺序进行重新排列而设计的。请看,图8显示了下载队列800的一部分,该部分包含两个程序包对象一程序包对象802,该对象对应于程序包A,和程序包对象804,该对象对应于程序包B。程序包对象维护了已经下载或安装对应的程序包的哪些文件的列表。在本示例中,程序包A的文件1和2已经安装,而文件3没有安装;程序包B中的文件1、2和3还没有安装。下载队列可以基于用户正在执行的操作重新排列。即,基于用户采取的操作,可以更改要下载的文件的优先级。在此示例中,程序包管理器用于处理下载队列的首部程序包中的第一个卸载的文件。但是,如果用户开始使用不同于其文件位于下载队列的首部的扩展的扩展中的文件,用户已经开始使用的文件的对应的程序包可以移到下载队列的首部。由于文件的程序包是由其URN指定的,因此可以快速标识文件的程序包并在下载队列中定位。例如,请看图8,如果在程序包管理器已经开始安装程序包A的第三个文件之前请求了程序包B中的一个文件,那么程序包B将移到下载队列的首部。
图9是描述根据描述的示例的下载队列管理方法中的步骤的流程图。该方法可以以任何适当的硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在本示例中,该方法是以软件实现的。
步骤900接收一个或多个扩展请求。请求可以以任何适当的方式来生成。步骤902创建对应于要下载的每一个扩展程序包的程序包对象。步骤904排列下载队列中的程序包对象。步骤906下载对应于下载队列中的程序包对象的文件。此步骤可以通过如下方法来实现:在下载队列的首部开始,并下载文件,直到程序包对象的所有的文件都下载完毕,然后移到下一个程序包对象。步骤908确定用户操作是否要求当前程序包对象中未描述的文件。如果用户的操作不要求当前程序包对象未描述的文件,那么该方法回到步骤906并继续下载与当前程序包对象关联的文件。另一方面,如果用户的操作要求当前程序包对象中未描述的文件,那么步骤910将与所需要的文件关联的程序包对象移到下载队列的首部并开始下载与此新调整位置的程序包对象关联的文件。此步骤可以通过以下方式来实现:通过确定与所需要的文件关联的URN来确定哪个程序包对象与该文件关联。此URN指定该文件的程序包,这样,可以快速定位其程序包对象并移到下载队列的前部。
程序包创建
描述的实施例的一个创新功能是其可扩展性。即,软件平台是以应用程序的形式提供的,应用程序可以由各种第三方用户定义的扩展来扩展。这些扩展是通过Web提供的,并可以直接集成到软件平台中。为了提供有组织的提供过程,应该以一致的方式创建程序包,以便可以以可预测的方式对它们进行处理,并将其集成到软件平台中。
根据描述的实施例,每一个程序包都对应于最终用户功能。例如,在上文引用的专利申请中,为每一个电子邮件、联系人、文档创作,以及计划者功能提供了单独的程序包。如果彼此不依赖的程序包共享依存关系,那么,此共享的依存关系应变成其自己的程序包。例如,电子邮件和文档创作功能没有理由应彼此依赖,它们两者都要求发布内容的能力。通过将发布功能分到其自己的程序包中,保留了一定的下载顺序的灵活性。视用户开始工作的位置情况,可以首先下载对应于电子邮件功能或文档创作的文件。
图10是描述根据描述的示例的程序包创建方法中的步骤的流程图。该方法可以以任何适当的硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。但是,该方法的几部分可以手动地实现。
步骤1000标识要作为扩展提供的最终用户功能。步骤1002标识最终用户功能中的任何共享依存关系。步骤1004为最终用户功能创建单个程序包。步骤1006为最终用户功能中的任何共享依存关系创建单个程序包。
自动程序包清单创建工具
优选情况下,并根据一个实现,提供了一个自动程序包清单工具,并使用各种输入参数,自动创建程序包清单。第三方可以使用该工具以帮助他们创建程序包清单。
图11显示了一个可以以软件实现的示范程序包清单创建工具1100。在此特定示例中,该工具可以使用下列输入参数,其中某些是可选的:
·扩展目录
·文件组信息和DLL加载依存关系,可选
·方案运行中的文件使用统计信息,可选
扩展目录输入参数指定包含将被程序包清单描述的所有文件的目录。如果这是唯一的参数,那么工具1100将生成一个清单,在该清单中目录中的EDF和DLL在“需要的”集中列出,并且所有其他内容都是“脱机”。
文件组信息和加载依存关系参数是可选的。如果扩展的作者知道他的或她的文件所属的类别,则应该在这里指定类别。例如,下面显示的模板清单的作者知道他需要将他的用于进行错误处理的GIF包括在程序包的需要的集中。这里他的选择将始终在最后的清单中得到遵守。此外,如果扩展作者知道任何DLL加载依存关系,那么还应在这里指定这些内容。
方案运行中的文件使用统计信息是可选参数。此参数能基于方案运行确定文件下载优先级。方案是一般用户在使用产品的特定部分期间通常完成的任务的脚本。例如,一个方案可以涉及发送电子邮件消息时的任务,即,单击“新邮件”按钮,键入“收件人”,并键入“主题”。在描述的实施例中,方案运行中的文件使用统计信息是从各种方案中的IIS日志。不同的方案的目的是确保,在某种支持可能性的情况下,文件下载顺序在其些方面反映用户可能首先使用的文件。
应该理解,文件使用统计信息可以通过构建用于描述人们通常完成的实际任务的知识库来动态地提供。然后可以使用知识库中维护的信息生成和改编下载方案,以使其实际符合跨用户群建立的模式。
如果扩展编写者要将此信息传递给程序包清单创建工具1100,他们需要指定日志目录,以及工具应分析的日志的部分的开始日期和结束日期。对于第三方,一个组内的下载优先级顺序将是跨所有方案的日志中的请求的组的文件的顺序。
在一个实现中,该方法在某种程度上更加完善。除了脚本中的步骤之外,在IIS日志中存储了更多信息并包括方案优先级和检查点。方案优先级是为每一个方案指派的优先级。因此,例如,如果一个方案比另一个方案重要十倍,则可以维护此信息。优先级是,例如,以1到100之间的数字表示的等级,100是最高优先级,应该等于关于用户将单步调试该方案的时间百分比最佳猜测,并假设他们使用扩展。检查点提供了一种将一个方案与另一个方案分离的方式。例如,在方案的开始和结尾可以分别自动添加被称为“脱机”和“关机”的检查点,这样,在日志中的方案运行之间可以有区别。此外,脚本作者还可以可选地使用检查点中间方案以指出组优先级中的变化,例如,方案脚本的部分可以被标记为“按需”功能,另一个部分可以被标记为“脱机”。
图12是描述根据描述的示例的程序包清单创建方法中的步骤的流程图。该方法可以以任何适当的硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在描述的示例中,该方法的各种步骤通过以软件实现的清单创建工具来实现。
步骤1200提供了程序包清单创建工具。此工具可以驻留在扩展作者的机器上的软件工具。步骤1202接收关于扩展目录的信息作为第一个输入参数。该步骤确定扩展作者是否提供了文件组信息或加载依存关系信息。如果提供了,则步骤1206接收该信息作为输入参数。步骤1208确定是否有文件使用统计信息。这样的信息在一个实施例中可以通过使用如上文所述的方案运行来提供。如果提供了这样的信息,那么步骤1210接收该信息作为输入参数。然后,步骤1212使用提供的所有信息作为输入参数以自动生成清单。
基于文件使用统计信息的示范文件顺序启发式方法
图13是描述根据描述的实施例的一个示范文件顺序或排序启发式方法。可以理解,此特定的示例构成了对供下载的文件进行排序的一种方式。相应地,在不偏离权利要求中的主题的精神和范围的情况下,也可以使用其他启发式方法。
步骤1300按文件组对文件进行排序。回想一下,在上文说明的示例中,文件可以以四个可能的组中的一个组进行分组:需要的、脱机、按需和只有在线。文件的组首先由清单确定,然后,如果它不提供任何分组信息,那么根据日志中的检查点信息,由它使用的最高的优先级组确定。“需要的”集中的文件不应该考虑,因为它们的顺序已经知道。如果没有包括有关文件的组信息,然后,假定,EDF和所有DLL是“需要的”文件,目录中的所有其他文件都是“脱机”。
请看三个不同的方案的下列初始文件使用信息:
方案1 文件使用:1)FileA.gif,2)FileB.xml,3)FileE.dll
方案2 文件使用:1)FileC.xml,2)FileA.gif
方案3 文件使用:1)File D.js,2)FileA.gif
方案1=优先级80
方案2=优先级80
方案3=优先级40
在此示例中,有三个方案具有与它们关联的文件。每一个方案都具有它与之关联的优先级。文件首先按组进行排序,即,步骤1300。回想一下,在此顺序启发式方法中,DLL是“需要的”,所有其他文件都被视为“脱机”。这就提供了排序方式如下的文件:
需要的文件
FileE
脱机文件
FileA,FileB,FileC,FileD
步骤1302基于方案优先级对文件进行排序,从最高到最低。优先级较高的文件将被首先下载。此步骤提供了排序方式如下的文件:
需要的文件
FileE
脱机文件
优先级80组:方案1&2使用的文件=File A、File B和
File C
优先级40组:方案3使用的文件,未列出的文件=File D。
然后,步骤1304按照一个方案运行内的文件使用顺序来对文件进行排序。对于具有多个文件的每个优先级组,文件是根据平均顺序来排序的,它们是在它们的标记优先级的方案内按照该顺序下载的。平均使用顺序较小的方案将在前面下载。基于方案出现在输入文件中的顺序中断连结。作为一个示例,请看下面的内容:
File A:平均顺序=(方案1顺序+方案2顺序)/2=(1+2)/2=1.5。
File B:平均顺序=(方案1顺序)/1=(2)/1=2。
File C:平均顺序=(方案2顺序)/1=(1)/1=1。
这里,文件A由方案1首先使用,然后由方案2使用,平均顺序为1.5。文件C在脱机文件中的顺序号码最小,因此,它将首先发送。最后的文件顺序如下面所示:
需要的文件
FileE
脱机文件
FileC,FileA,FileB,File D
代码、组件和“位”
下面文件和资源可以与扩展一起包括,但也可以不包括在扩展中。此列表不是排他的,因为其他资源当然也可以集成到扩展中。
·自定义UI和键盘快捷键
·组件和行为
·XML浏览和编辑组件,包括XSL和业务逻辑对象
·静态页面或其他资源
·第三方定义的自定义内容
用户通过导航到提供扩展的网络站点来安装扩展。在因特网实现中,用户导航到提供扩展的适当的URL。主机管理员还可以“推送”扩展以使用户可以通过将一个条目添加到适当的用户的“首选项”设置中自动接收它们。
平台设置和扩展安装
图14是描述根据描述的实施例的设置和扩展安装过程中的示范步骤的流程图。此示例描述了一个基于因特网的示例。在说明的示例中,在各种因特网站点维护了各种扩展,并可以对这些站点进行访问。这些扩展可以通过因特网提供给客户端。可以理解,说明的计算机的部门可能不一定存在。例如,计算机实现的所有功能可以驻留在一台机器上,或者扩展也可以是本地的,或者平台和扩展也可以在同一台机器上。
在此示例中,流程图是结合三个分离的“区域”来说明的,其中一个区域表示客户端,另一个区域表示“平台”因特网服务器,还有一个区域表示第三方因特网服务器。在此示例中,由分配到各个区域的实体执行结合不同的区域描述的操作。在一些配置中,这些区域中的一个或多个可以重叠。例如,平台服务器可以与扩展服务器是同一设备。
步骤1400将用户导航到特定因特网站点,该站点与软件平台关联,该软件平台将被用作下面描述的安装扩展的基础。在步骤1402中,用户单击“安装”按钮,该按钮向软件平台服务器发送一则消息,指出用户希望安装该软件平台。此步骤可以是一个可选步骤。然后,步骤1404和1405将与该软件平台关联的软件下载到客户端。在说明的示例中,步骤1404下载单个可导航窗口应用程序的程序包文件,基于该文件的内容,步骤1405将其他组件和文件下载到用户的计算机中。步骤1406在客户机上安装软件代码,并可以为应用程序缓存、本地存储和首选项创建本地目录。但是,可以理解,不一定需要本地目录或首选项。步骤1408启动软件平台。
上文描述的步骤构成了与初始设置关联的步骤,在初始设置中,单个可导航窗口应用程序的软件代码被传输到客户机上并在客户机上安装。下面描述的步骤与扩展安装关联。
步骤1410使用与扩展关联的链接来访问该扩展。此步骤可以通过用户将他们的浏览器导航到特定因特网站点来实现,通过因特网站点可以访问一个或多个扩展。
或者,可以将到链接的引用放在用户的首选项中或者放在用户与其关联的计算组的首选项,例如,系统管理员可以将引用放在一个组的首选项中。优选情况下,链接可以与第三方因特网服务器或因特网站点关联。步骤1412根据与EDF关联的PKG下载扩展文件。这些文件被传输到客户机,步骤1414如PKG说明指定的那样将扩展文件放在本地存储中。此时,将安装扩展,用户可以利用扩展提供的功能。步骤1416确定是否提供了扩展更新。这可以通过定期轮询扩展目录来进行,以查明是否有对各种扩展的任何更新,关于这一点将在下面的“扩展目录”部分讨论。或者,可以将通知自动发送到客户端,以使客户端知道有更新提供,或者可以使用任何其他方法来确定是否有任何更新提供。如果提供了更新,步骤1418就转到步骤1412,该步骤将下载与更新关联的扩展文件并将它们安装在客户端上。
开发扩展
为软件平台开发扩展是相当简单的过程。开发人员使用诸如记事本之类的工具或诸如Visual Studio之类的其他工具开发扩展内容。然后,以EDF和PKG描述扩展,对PKG进行数字签名,然后可选地对其进行压缩。然后可以将扩展托管在特定网络服务器上。
图15是描述根据描述的实施例的扩展开发方法中的步骤的流程图。这些步骤中的一个或多个步骤可以由软件开发人员或创建特定扩展的单位执行。一些步骤是以软件实现的。步骤1500开发了一个扩展。可使用任何适当的工具来开发扩展。然后,步骤1502为该扩展创建扩展定义文件(EDF)。在此示例中,EDF是如上文所讨论的那样使用XML来定义的。当然,也可以使用其他格式来描述EDF。步骤1504为该扩展创建程序包清单(PKG)。在此示例中,PKG是如上文所讨论的那样使用XML来定义的。然后,步骤1506在诸如因特网服务器之类的网络服务器上托管EDF和PKG。此外,PKG中描述的关联的扩展文件还可以由网络或因特网服务器托管,即,步骤1508。完成上面的步骤之后,用户现在可以直接导航到EDF,例如,使用关联的URL或一些其他的网络地址,然后EDF通过在本地缓存任何需要的文件并在用户的首选项中放置对扩展的引用来安装扩展。
具体来说,步骤1510向客户端提供EDF和PKG文件。此步骤可以通过下面的方式来实现:用户首先导航到托管了适当文件的特定因特网站点,然后下载这些文件。步骤1512向客户端提供与EDF和PKG文件关联的扩展文件,可以在客户端上安装和使用它们。
扩展目录
结合图14简要地讨论的一个优化,是扩展或EDF目录,该目录向EDF提供了更多的迂回级别。EDF目录允许各个单位组合扩展,并提供单个位置以确定何时扩展发生更改。软件平台将基于用户的设置自动从目录中选择所需要的扩展。可以查询该目录以确定哪一个扩展最适合于用户。
在描述的实施例中,目录是一个XML文件,该文件包含基于语言、版本或其他属性的从扩展URN到一个或多个程序包URN的映射。但是,也可以使用任何适当的格式定义目录。目录可以提供:
·托管单位更新单个位置的一个或多个托管的扩展的版本信息的能力
·可选自动迂回以基于用户的设置纠正版本。例如,目录可以列出不同的语言的扩展的多种版本。可以对目录文件进行处理,以查找匹配用户的语言设置的扩展的版本。
·在新版本可用时,可选自动升级到扩展的新版本
与EDF一样,目录可以经过压缩和数字签名,以防止窜改。通过预订目录以便检测一个或多个托管的扩展的更改,为了发现扩展更新而需要从客户端向服务器发出的ping的数量或向客户端发出通知的数量可以减少。
图16显示了一个示范XML目录结构。目录中条目的结构可以是下面的样式:
在此特定示例中:
·netdocs-planner的默认语言是英语版本。
·默认英语版本是1.1。默认法语版本是1.0。
如果平台上没有用户指定语言中可用的版本,默认情况下他们将获取英语版本1.1。
·netdocs-planner的英语版本已经从V1升级到V1.1。
·也有一个法语版本。扩展URN与英语版本相同。法语版本还没有1.1版本,因此1.0是法语用户的当前版本。
·针对该目录的查询只返回其语言匹配用户的语言首选项的行。查询还将返回其语言是用户的语言或默认值=“是”的所有行并显示出相同名称的副本。
体系结构
在描述的实施例中,提供理想的实用程序的其中一个方面是软件平台的可扩展性。即,第三和第四方开发人员可自由地开发他们自己的扩展,然后这些扩展可以在软件平台的框架内使用。扩展可以直接集成到软件中,以便平台的功能被扩展修改。回想一下,为了提供扩展,开发人员只需创作扩展,以EDF和PKG描述他们的扩展;然后在网络服务器上托管EDF、PKG、和关联的文件。
EDF,正如上文所指出的,可以以XML架构进行定义,该架构包括根节点,即,“扩展”标记,和一个或多个子节点。在此特定示例中,子节点通常对应于用于集成到软件平台中的单个扩展功能类型。例如,回想一下,上文中的表1-3描述了各种预定义的示范功能类型,这些功能类型可以通过扩展并使用预定义的XML架构来添加。
现在假设一个要向软件平台中添加两个菜单和一个工具栏的开发人员。菜单和工具栏可以与为其客户维护网站的零售店关联。零售店可以需要向访问其网站的客户显示UI,该UI是零售店所特有的,并提供专门为该商店定制的服务。为此,开发人员可以开发两个不同的菜单,其中一个可以与显示最近的特性关联,另一个可以与提供搜索机制关联,通过该搜索机制,用户可以搜索特定的产品。工具栏可以包含零售店所特有的特定按钮。下面显示了零售店的扩展的名为“retail.edf”的简化的EDF:
这里,外部“扩展”标记指定此XML文件作为扩展。内部“菜单”和“工具栏”标记是顶级标记,它们指定这些标记之间的信息分别关于对应于开发人员添加的扩展的菜单和工具栏。黑体字“菜单”和“工具栏”标记描述了关于实际扩展的数据,并包含与如上文所述的每个扩展关联的URL。上面的EDF从逻辑上描述了作为包括两个菜单和一个工具栏提供的扩展。
还请看,上面的EDF可以构成加载到系统中的许多EDF中的一个。每个EDF都可以包含一个或多个顶级标记,它们中的每个都与一个或多个将要添加到软件平台中的特定扩展关联。
图17是一个示范软件体系结构的方框图,该体系结构被配置为处理多个不同的EDF,以使负责将每个特定的扩展集成到软件平台中的软件组件接收它们的扩展所特有的适当的信息。此示例是本文档中讨论的XML实现所特有的。可以理解,在功能方面类似于下面讨论的体系结构的其他体系结构,可以在其他实现中使用,而不会偏离权利要求中的主题的精神和范围。
实用程序对象,此处被称为连接点,用于处理来自多个EDF的信息。连接点只不过是当对象被添加到集合或从集合中删除对象时向注册的听众激发事件的对象的集合。可以创建许多类型的连接点,但所有连接点都要从一个源获取数据,这个源常常是另一个连接点,对它进行动态或静态处理,并公开它们的处理结果。最简单的一些连接点包括:
·XML连接点,该连接点加载XML文件并公开XML的顶级节点作为其集合中的对象。
·筛选器连接点,该连接点连接到另一个连接点,并只从中公开那些满足某些条件的对象。
·合并连接点,该连接点连接到一个或多个其他连接点,并公开它们的所有对象作为一个、合并的对象集合。
在说明的示例中,体系结构包括一个或多个连接点的集合,包括被称为EDFHub 1700的漏斗结构,一个连接点管理器1702,以及多个连接管理器1704。EDFHub 1700接收所有的EDF,并将它们合并在一起,并将它们作为单个列表来公开。其他单个连接点提供若干个机制,这些机制处理由EDFHub 1700公开的单列表,处理包括筛选、合并和展开。每当向EDFHub添加新扩展或EDF或从中删除时,各种连接点将注意到,适当的连接管理器将得到通知。这是通过向适当的连接管理器激发事件来实现的。连接点管理器1702在系统中创建、毁坏和管理各种连接点,并允许方便地重复使用完全相同的连接点。
对于每个顶级标记,即,“菜单”和“工具栏”标记,有一个对应的连接管理器1704,该管理器使用连接点提供的数据以将特定类型的功能集成在软件平台内。每个连接管理器从连接点管理器1702请求一组连接点。这些连接点处理由EDFHub1700公开的数据。在说明的示例中,可以作为谓词链来请求连接点,连接点管理器使用该链创建和构建一组连接点,这些点对EDFHub 1700公开的数据进行处理。
图18是描述根据描述的实施例的方法中的步骤的流程图。该方法是以软件,在此示例中,由图17的软件组件来实现的。
步骤1800接收多个EDF。这些文件可以以任何适当的方式来接收。例如,用户可以在他们的首选项中指定当他们在线时需要加载的特定扩展。或者,用户可以使用指向特定因特网站点的链接导航,该站点识别用户正在执行软件平台,该软件平台被配置动态地添加扩展。在此示例中,EDF被流向EDFHub 1700,它使用连接点以合并EDF,即,步骤1802。在此示例中,EDF被定义为XML文件,节点被合并到一个单XML列表中。步骤1804公开合并的EDF。在此特定示例中,EDF被合并到单个XML列表中,该列表被公开到其他各种连接点,然后,这些连接点进一步处理该数据,即,步骤1806。连接点的一个目标是避免让连接管理器1704在每次添加扩展或从系统中删除扩展时重新查询整个系统。因此,如果要添加或删除扩展,连接点可以确保只有适当的连接管理器1704被通知有关扩展的特定添加或删除操作。例如,如果EDF指出添加菜单,那么只通知与菜单关联的连接管理器。相应地,步骤1808通知适当的连接管理器有关匹配连接管理器要求的任何新数据。
连接点和连接点管理器
连接点是公开有序对象的集合并在插入或删除新对象时激发通知的对象。在示范系统中,对象是XML节点,但它们也可以是任何类型的对象。虽然有许多类型的连接点,但是它们都遵守类似的过程:
1)最初连接到一个或多个数据源。这些数据源可以是文件或,通常是其他连接点。
2)基于某种逻辑处理数据。通常,逻辑十分简单,并可以涉及诸如基于某些条件筛选对象之类的操作。
3)在新的对象集合中公开处理步骤2的结果。
4)激发事件,以指出公开的对象的集合是如何更改的(Onlnserted(index,count)或OnRemoved(index,count)。
5)可选地,继续侦听数据源中的更改,并在发生更改时重复步骤2-4。
每个连接点都十分简单,但当合并不同类型的连接点以构成“链”时,在链中,一个连接点处理第二个连接点中的数据,处理功能可以十分强大。这在连接点只处理步骤2中的更改的数据的情况下特别正确,因为它们在任何时间只处理少量的简单工作。在示范系统中,这一增量处理意味着,在安装新扩展或在删除现有的扩展时,不必重新查询整个系统。此外,示范系统中的每个连接管理器都使用特定的连接点链,这样只通知关于影响其可扩展性区域的更改。
在构建连接点链时,连接点管理器执行两个重要功能。首先,它允许链作为谓词字符串来描述。连接点管理器解释这些字符串,并构建需要的连接点链。其次,它允许重复使用完全相同的连接点,这就使得系统更有效率。在连接点管理器创建每个连接点链时,它跟踪哪一个谓词字符串对应于哪一个连接点。如果稍后再次请求该谓词字符串,它就直接重复使用现有的连接点,无需再创建一个新的。
作为示例,请看,与菜单关联的连接管理器请求了下面的连接点谓词链,该链利用了上面的retail.edf文件,注意,此示例假设不存在EDFHub连接点。
Explode(Filter(″menus″,Explode(URL(″retail.edf″))))
此字符串表示retail.edf文件中的所有菜单。位于retail.edf上的XML文件由URL连接点加载,该连接点公开XML文件的根节点作为其集合中的唯一的对象。内部爆炸连接点使用URL连接点作为其数据源,并公开源集合中的对象的所有子对象。在这种情况下,根节点的子节点是顶级XML标记“菜单”和“工具栏”。筛选器连接点使用爆炸连接点作为其数据源,并筛选公开的对象,只查找是“菜单”的节点。外部爆炸连接点使用筛选器连接点作为其数据源,并公开筛选的菜单节点的所有子节点,以提供一个列表,该列表包含由扩展添加的两个菜单。由于此特定XML文件包含与菜单连接管理器关联的连接点识别的菜单,然后,该连接管理器得到通知,两个菜单已经由扩展添加。
此过程在图19中以图表方式说明,该图显示了连接点1900、1902、1904和1906。每个连接点公开一个XML节点的列表。URL连接点1900获取一个输入即,到一个XML文件-例如,retail.edf-的URL,并公开一个XML节点的列表。此列表只包含根节点“<edf:extension>”。爆炸连接点1902获取连接点1900作为一个输入,并公开一个XML节点的列表,XML节点是源XML节点的子节点。在此示例中,由连接点1902公开的XML节点的列表是“<菜单>”节点和“<工具栏>”节点。筛选器连接点1904获取连接点1902作为输入并筛选“菜单”。它然后公开其中只有“<菜单>”节点的XML列表。爆炸连接点1906获取连接点1904作为输入并公开具有XML节点的列表,这些节点是“<菜单>”节点中包含的-这里包括两个“<菜单>”节点。
再请看,工具栏连接管理器将请求也将使用URL连接点、爆炸连接点和筛选器连接点1904的连接点谓词链,它们将在“工具栏”上筛选。因此,对应的爆炸连接点1906将公开只包含“<工具栏>”节点的XML列表。但是,连接点管理器将检测URL连接点和内部爆炸连接点的通用性,这样,它将重复使用它为菜单连接管理器创建的相同连接点。工具栏连接管理器和菜单连接管理器使用的筛选器连接点将与它们的数据源使用相同爆炸连接点,但将公开不同的节点集合,因为它们将基于不同的条件进行筛选。
请看图20,该图集成了EDFHub连接点2000。此连接点接收所有的EDF,并且,如上文所讨论的,将它们合并到单个XML列表。然后,EDFHub将公开所有的EDF的根节点。然后,爆炸连接点2002公开XML列表,该列表包含所有的EDF的所有顶级节点。作为一个示例,可能有多个EDF,每一个EDF都包含顶级菜单节点、工具栏节点、快捷键节点等等。爆炸连接点2002公开XML列表,该列表包含所有的EDF的所有这些顶级节点。然后,筛选器连接点2004可以根据任何适当的参数筛选由爆炸连接点2002公开的XML列表,适当的参数包括,菜单节点上的筛选器、工具栏节点、快捷键节点等等。然后,最后的爆炸连接点2006公开由筛选器连接点2004公开的列表的单个子节点的列表。此列表描述了由所有EDF添加的被筛选的特定类型的所有特定功能。
下表列出了许多不同的连接点,可以根据此描述的实施例利用它们,但可以轻松地创建更多连接点。
结束语
上文描述的实施例提供了一个平台解决方案,该解决方案通过可以由第三方开发人员轻松地理解的一致和逻辑可扩展性机制和对象模型提供了自定义和可扩展性。基于因特网的下载无需大量的用户干预也无需处理任何用户永久的设置就可以实现。可以基于用户的计算上下文动态地向软件平台或应用程序提供扩展。
虽然本发明是以结构功能和/或方法步骤所特有的语言描述的,可以理解,在所附的权利要求书中定义的本发明不一定仅限于描述的特定功能或步骤。特定功能和步骤可以作为实现权利要求所述的本发明的优选的形式来描述。
Claims (58)
1.用于通过网络提供软件的方法,包括:
使用描述文字描述一个或多个软件扩展,软件扩展被配置为集成到在客户端上运行的软件平台中;以及
通过网络向客户端提供一个或多个软件扩展的描述,描述被配置为在通过网络下载软件扩展时使用并且告诉客户端在什么位置、何时以及如何将特定的扩展插入到所述软件平台中,
将被配置成提供多个不同最终用户功能的一个所述软件扩展编成多个软件包,每个所述软件包对应于由该一个所述软件扩展提供的不同最终用户功能,所述编成步骤包括:
对该一个所述软件扩展进行处理以标识所述多个最终用户功能;和
基于所标识出的最终用户功能将该一个所述软件扩展的文件分成多个软件包,使得与不同最终用户功能相关联的文件被包含在不同软件包中;以及
通过网络将该一个所述软件扩展作为多个软件包流化到客户端,从而所述客户端可以在接收与不同最终用户功能相对应的另一个所述软件包之前下载并安装与第一最终用户功能相对应的一个所述软件包,以允许在客户端使用所述第一最终用户功能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,网络包括因特网。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,描述包括基于标记的层次型语言。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,描述包括XML描述。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
网络包括因特网;以及
描述包括XML描述。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,软件扩展被配置为在软件平台的操作中进行基于上下文的更改,基于上下文的更改与用户的计算上下文关联。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,软件平台被配置为提供单个应用程序,该应用程序具有多个不同的功能,这些功能能使用户完成多个不同的任务。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,软件扩展被配置为在多个不同的功能中的一个或多个功能的操作中进行基于上下文的更改,以便改变用户可以用于完成与特定功能关联的任务的方式。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,软件扩展提供用户界面元素。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,软件扩展提供行为、组件、或对象。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,软件扩展提供存储元素。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,软件扩展提供用户定义的元素。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,软件扩展提供下列各项中的一个或多个:
用户界面元素;
行为、组件或对象;
存储元素;以及
用户定义的元素。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,至少有一个扩展提供添加新可扩展点的能力。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,对一个或多个软件扩展的描述包括使用扩展描述文件EDF来对扩展进行描述,扩展描述文件包括XML文件,该XML文件描述对软件平台的逻辑连接。
16.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,一个或多个描述包含扩展的所有功能或部分功能的实现。
17.用于通过网络提交软件扩展的设备,包括:
处理器;
连接到处理器的存储器;以及
存储在存储器中并且可在处理器上执行的模块,所述模块包括:
用于使用可扩展标记语言XML描述一个或多个软件扩展的装置,扩展被配置集成在包括单个应用程序的软件平台中,单个应用程序具有多个不同的功能,这些功能能使用户完成多个不同的任务;以及
用于通过因特网向客户端提供一个或多个扩展的XML描述的装置,描述被配置为在通过因特网下载软件扩展时使用并且告诉客户端在什么位置、何时以及如何将特定的扩展插入到所述软件平台中;
用于将被配置成提供多个不同最终用户功能的一个所述软件扩展编成多个软件包,每个所述软件包对应于由该一个所述软件扩展提供的不同最终用户功能的装置,该装置包括:
对该一个所述软件扩展进行处理以标识所述多个最终用户功能的装置;和
基于所标识出的最终用户功能将该一个所述软件扩展的文件分成多个软件包的装置;以及
用于通过网络将该一个所述软件扩展作为多个软件包流化到客户端,从而所述客户端可以在下载与不同最终用户功能相对应的另一个所述软件包之前下载并使用与一个所述软件包相对应的第一最终用户功能的装置。
18.用于通过网络提供软件的方法,包括:
使用一个或多个描述性的文件描述一个或多个软件扩展,所述描述性的文件被配置为在通过因特网下载软件扩展时使用并且告诉客户端在什么位置、何时以及如何将特定的扩展插入到软件平台中,软件扩展被配置为集成到在客户端上运行的软件程序中;
将一个或多个描述性的文件与一个或多个可用于提供程序功能的关联的扩展文件相关联;
将描述性的文件和关联的扩展文件存储在可通过网络访问的位置;以及
将被配置成提供多个不同最终用户功能的一个或多个软件扩展编成多个软件包,每个所述软件包具有一个或多个所述扩展文件,并且对应于软件程序的不同最终用户功能,所述编成步骤包括:
对一个或多个软件扩展的多个最终用户功能进行标识;和
基于所标识出的最终用户功能将所述一个或多个软件扩展的文件分成多个软件包,使得与不同最终用户功能相关联的文件被包含在不同软件包中;以及
通过网络向客户端提供一个或多个扩展的描述性的文件和关联的扩展文件,从而所述客户端可以在下载与不同最终用户功能相对应的另一个软件包之前下载并安装与第一最终用户功能相对应的一个所述软件包以便在客户端使用所述第一最终用户功能。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所说的描述包括至少用一个XML文件描述单个软件扩展,包括对软件程序的逻辑连接的描述,以及对在软件扩展中使用的一个或多个物理文件和/或资源的描述。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,软件扩展被配置为在软件应用程序的操作中进行基于上下文的更改,基于上下文的更改与用户的计算上下文关联。
21.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,软件程序包括多个不同的功能,这些功能能使用户完成多个不同的任务,一个或多个软件扩展被配置为在一个或多个不同功能的操作中进行基于上下文的更改,以便改变用户可以用于完成与特定功能关联的任务的方式。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,软件程序包括单个可导航的窗口,可以由用户在不同的功能之间导航。
23.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,一个或多个软件扩展提供用户界面元素。
24.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,一个或多个软件扩展提供行为、组件、或对象。
25.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,一个或多个软件扩展提供存储元素。
26.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,一个或多个软件扩展提供用户定义的元素。
27.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,一个或多个软件扩展提供下列各项中的一个或多个:
用户界面元素;
行为、组件或对象;
存储元素;以及
用户定义的元素。
28.用于通过网络提供软件的方法,包括:
存储一个或多个扩展定义文件EDF,这些文件描述对软件应用程序的逻辑连接在什么位置、何时以及如何将所述扩展插入到软件平台中;
存储一个或多个扩展文件,这些文件对应于一个或多个EDF并扩展软件应用程序;以及
由一个或多个扩展文件形成软件包,所述软件包对应于软件应用程序的不同最终用户功能,所述形成步骤包括
对来自一个或多个扩展文件的多个最终用户功能进行标识;和
基于所述标识,将与不同最终用户功能相对应的扩展文件加入软件包,使得与不同最终用户功能相关联的扩展文件被包含在不同软件包中;
通过网络向客户端至少提供一个EDF;以及
通过网络向客户端提供具有到一个扩展文件的软件包,所述扩展文件至少对应于一个EDF,从而客户端在接收对应于软件应用程序的另一个不同最终用户功能的另一软件包之前,可以下载并安装所述软件包以便使用对应的最终用户功能。
29.根据权利要求28所述的方法,其特征在于,EDF是以层次型语言定义的。
30.根据权利要求28所述的方法,其特征在于,网络包括因特网。
31.根据权利要求28所述的方法,其特征在于,所说的存储操作通过用因特网服务器托管所说的文件来实现。
32.根据权利要求28所述的方法,其特征在于,EDF包括XML文件。
33.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其特征在于,XML文件包括预定义的标记,这些标记与要添加到应用程序中的功能类型关联。
34.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其特征在于,一个或多个预定义的标记对应于用户界面元素。
35.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其特征在于,一个或多个预定义的标记对应于服务,服务可以是行为、组件或对象。
36.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其特征在于,一个或多个预定义的标记对应于存储元素。
37.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其特征在于,XML文件包括用户定义的标记,这些标记与要添加到应用程序中的用户定义的功能关联。
38.用于通过网络提供软件的方法,包括:
导航到至少维护了一个软件应用程序的网络站点;
从网络站点下载软件应用程序,应用程序包括多个不同的功能,这些功能可以帮助用户完成不同的任务,软件应用程序被配置可以用软件扩展来扩展,软件扩展通过网络来提供并至少由一个可通过网络提供的文件来描述,所述文件被配置为在通过因特网下载软件扩展时使用并且告诉客户端在什么位置、何时以及如何将特定的扩展插入到软件平台中;以及
通过网络接收被配置成提供多个不同最终用户功能的一个所述软件扩展作为多个软件包,该多个软件包通过以下步骤形成:
对由该一个所述软件扩展提供的多个最终用户功能进行标识;和
将该多个软件包配置成对应于所标识的最终用户功能,使得每个所述软件包对应于软件应用程序的不同最终用户功能。
39.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其特征在于,应用程序包括单个可导航的窗口,可以由用户在多个不同的功能之间导航。
40.根据权利要求38所述的方法,进一步包括通过向应用程序中至少添加一个扩展来对软件应用程序进行扩展。
41.根据权利要求40的方法,其特征在于所说的扩展包括:
使用链接导航到不同的网络站点,该站点托管了一个或多个描述该扩展的XML文件,以及用于实现该扩展的扩展文件;以及
将一个或多个XML文件和扩展文件下载到客户端上。
42.根据权利要求41所述的方法,其特征在于,其中一个XML文件包括从逻辑上描述扩展的文件,并且其中一个XML文件包括描述扩展文件的文件。
43.根据权利要求41所述的方法,其特征在于,链接存储在用户首选项中。
44.用于通过网络提供软件扩展的设备,包括:
处理器;
连接到处理器的存储器;以及
存储在存储器中并且可在处理器上执行的模块,所述模块包括:
用于导航到至少维护了一个软件应用程序的网络站点的装置;以及
用于下载软件应用程序的装置,该软件应用程序包括多个不同的功能,这些功能可以帮助用户完成不同的任务,软件应用程序被配置可以用软件扩展来扩展,软件扩展通过网络来提供并至少由一个可通过网络提供的文件来描述,所述文件被配置为在通过因特网下载软件扩展时使用并且告诉客户端在什么位置、何时以及如何将特定的扩展插入到软件平台中;以及
用于通过向应用程序中至少添加一个扩展来对软件应用程序进行扩展的装置,扩展是通过使用链接导航到不同的网络站点来添加的,该站点托管了一个或多个文件,这些文件描述该扩展,以及用于实现该扩展的扩展文件;以及将一个或多个文件和扩展文件下载到客户端;以及
用于通过网络接收被配置成提供多个最终用户功能的至少一个软件扩展作为多个软件包的装置,这些软件包是通过以下步骤来形成的:
对由所述至少一个软件扩展提供的多个最终用户功能进行标识;和
将该多个软件包配置成对应于所标识的最终用户功能,使得每个所述软件包对应于软件应用程序的不同最终用户功能。
45.用于通过网络提供软件的方法,包括:
访问一个网站,通过该网站可以获得一个或多个软件扩展;
至少接收一个文件,该文件使用层次型语言至少描述一个软件扩展,该语言描述软件扩展的到软件应用程序的逻辑连接以及在什么位置、何时以及如何将所述软件扩展插入到软件平台中;
通过网络接收被配置成提供多个最终用户功能的至少一个软件扩展作为多个软件包,这些软件包是通过以下步骤来形成的:
对由所述至少一个软件扩展提供的多个最终用户功能进行标识;和
将该多个软件包配置成对应于所标识的最终用户功能,使得每个所述软件包对应于软件应用程序的不同最终用户功能并包括一个或多个软件扩展文件;以及
在接收与其他最终用户功能相对应的所述至少一个软件扩展的其它所述软件包之前,安装一个所述软件包的一个或多个软件扩展文件以允许使用对应的最终用户功能,所述安装至少部分地基于至少所说的一个文件中包含的描述。
46.根据权利要求45所述的方法,其特征在于,描述软件扩展的逻辑连接的层次型语言包括基于标记的语言。
47.根据权利要求45所述的方法,其特征在于,描述软件扩展的逻辑连接的层次型语言包括可扩展标记语言XML。
48.根据权利要求45所述的方法,其特征在于,所说的安装包括这样做而不必操作客户端的注册表或永久地驻留在客户端机器上的任何注册表项。
49.根据权利要求45所述的方法,进一步包括确定是否有对软件扩展的更新,如果有,则接收更新的扩展文件。
50.根据权利要求49所述的方法,其特征在于,所说的确定包括轮询扩展目录。
51.根据权利要求49所述的方法,其特征在于,所说的确定包括轮询扩展目录,该目录包括XML文件。
52.用于通过网络提供的软件的方法,包括:
使用一个或多个可扩展标记语言XML文件描述一个或多个软件扩展,扩展被配置为集成到在客户端上运行的软件程序中,所述文件被配置为在通过因特网下载软件扩展时使用并且告诉客户端在什么位置、何时以及如何将软件扩展插入到软件平台中;
将一个或多个XML文件与一个或多个可用于提供程序功能的关联的扩展文件相关联;以及
将XML文件和关联的扩展文件存储在可通过网络访问的位置,所述扩展文件被存储为多个软件包,这些软件包通过对由一个或多个软件扩展提供的多个最终用户功能进行标识然后基于所标识的最终用户功能创建软件包来形成,使得每个软件包:
对应于一个所述软件扩展和软件程序的不同最终用户功能;并且
配置为由客户端接收并安装,以便允许独立于其他所述软件包使用对应的最终用户功能。
53.通过其客户端可以访问软件文件的网络站点包括:
一个或多个软件扩展文件被配置为集成到软件应用程序中并通过网络提供;以及
与一个或多个软件扩展文件关联并描述扩展文件的一个或多个文件,所述一个或多个文件描述一个或多个软件扩展文件到软件应用程序的逻辑连接以及在什么位置、何时以及如何将软件扩展插入到软件平台中;以及
对应于单个软件扩展程序的多个软件包,这些软件包通过对由单个软件扩展提供的多个最终用户功能进行标识然后基于所标识的最终用户功能创建软件包来形成,每个软件包具有一个或多个所述软件扩展文件,所述软件扩展文件对应于软件应用程序的不同最终用户功能,并且可通过网络提供给客户端,以允许独立于其它对应于单个软件扩展程序的所述软件包使用相应的所述最终用户功能。
54.根据权利要求53所述的网络站点,其特征在于,层次型语言包括可扩展标记语言XML。
55.用于管理基于网络的软件扩展的方法包括:
对位于可通过网络访问的位置中的目录中的多个软件扩展描述进行分组,所述软件扩展描述被配置为在通过因特网下载软件扩展时使用并且告诉客户端在什么位置、何时以及如何将软件扩展插入到软件平台中;
访问可通过网络访问的位置;以及
使用目录更新驻留在计算设备上的一个所述软件扩展;其中:
通过以下步骤将每个软件扩展被分成多个软件包:
对由所述软件扩展提供的多个最终用户功能进行标识;和
将该多个软件包配置成对应于所标识的最终用户功能,使得每个软件包包括一个或多个扩展文件的组,以实现相关联的软件应用的不同最终用户功能;以及
将一个所述软件扩展的一个所述软件包安装在计算设备上,以便在所述计算设备接收将一个所述软件扩展划分成的多个软件包中的每一个之前,允许使用相应的所述最终用户功能。
56.根据权利要求55所述的方法进一步包括查询该目录以查明扩展描述。
57.根据权利要求55所述的方法,进一步包括基于用户的个人设置查询目录。
58.根据权利要求55所述的方法,其特征在于扩展描述是在XML中定义的。
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Cited By (6)
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CN103425517A (zh) * | 2012-05-14 | 2013-12-04 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 扩展软件功能的方法、上层软件客户端及拉远功能服务器 |
CN103425517B (zh) * | 2012-05-14 | 2017-03-29 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 扩展软件功能的方法、上层软件客户端及拉远功能服务器 |
CN104834534A (zh) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-08-12 | 北京奇虎科技有限公司 | 扩展应用程序功能的方法、装置及系统 |
CN106156291A (zh) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-23 | 深圳市彬讯科技有限公司 | 基于Localstroage的静态资源的缓存方法及其系统 |
CN113196218A (zh) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-07-30 | 格林伊登美国控股有限责任公司 | 用于递送模块化工具的系统和方法 |
CN113196218B (zh) * | 2018-12-21 | 2024-04-12 | 格林伊登美国控股有限责任公司 | 用于递送模块化工具的系统和方法 |
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WO2001098926A3 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
MXPA02012549A (es) | 2003-04-10 |
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JP2004512578A (ja) | 2004-04-22 |
CN1613240A (zh) | 2005-05-04 |
RU2250490C2 (ru) | 2005-04-20 |
AU2001261428A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
CA2412611A1 (en) | 2001-12-27 |
EP1419632A2 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
EP1419632B1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
US20050289535A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
JP4936629B2 (ja) | 2012-05-23 |
WO2001098926A2 (en) | 2001-12-27 |
US7979856B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 |
CA2412611C (en) | 2012-01-03 |
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